Chapter 7 Planning and Project Management

8/2/2019 Chapter 7 Planning and Project Management

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PLANNING AND

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Projects are described as the

cu

tting edge of development or as

building blocks of development.

Reporter:

Mrs. Sheryll M. Capulong

CHAPTER 7


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PLANNING PROCESS

is of course continuous and never-ending.the results, such as in the form of a plan, aprogram, or a project are interim and

tentative in the sense that the results alwaysrequire constant updating and change.

the assumptions used in the planningprocess inevitably undergo revisions andtrigger a chain reaction throughout the stagesor sequences of a plan.


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WHAT are the concrete

functional differences between:

PLAN PROGRAM PROJECT

All three can be processes and/or outputs

at given moments in time.

As a PROCESS, you can:

Plan a plan,Program a plan, and

Projecticize a program.


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As results or outputs of planning process, we can make the

following functional differentiations:


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THE CONCEPT

of CORPORATE PLANNING

CORPORATE PLANNING

is the total planning

A formal and systematic process to ensure

that long

-

range, intermediate and annualplanning i

s carried out regularly within the

organization.

Programs and projects that evolve out of

these processes just have logical and

contributory linkages to the goals and

objectives of the corporate plan.


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Three levels of planning make up

Corporate Planning:

Firstly, Strategic or long-range planning.

This is made by top management and senior

divisional heads.

Secondly, tactical or development planning.This is made by operating management. It is

intermediate in terms of scope and consists of

programs.

Thirdly, annual operating planning.

This is made by all functional units within the

strategic, policies and guidelines mandated by

top management.


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PROJECT MANAGEMENT-is a carefully planned and organized effort to

accomplish a successful project.

Three Key Concept Of Project Management Are:

1. The single point of integrative management

Each project has a single point of integrativeresponsibility-the Project Manager

2. Integrative planning controlPull together critical information related to the products orservices resulting from the project, the time, the cost, in

funds, manpower or other key resources3. Multi-disciplinary skills and time-bound

The complexity of projects demand a multitude offunctional specialist. Teamwork therefore is critical asprojects are time-bound


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ADVANTAGES

of PROJECT MANAGEMENT

1.The advantages of using project managementProject commitments are made only to achievable

technical, cost, and scheduled goals, andEvery project is planned, scheduled and controlled so

that commitments are in fact achieved.

2. The advantages of appointing a Project ManagerAccountability is placed on one person for overall

results of the project.Assurance that decisions are made on the basis of the

overall good of the project, rather than for the good of

one another contributing functional department.Coordination of all functional contributors to the

project.Proper utilization of integrated planning and control

methods and the information they produce.


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3. The advantages of integrated planning and control of

all projects are:Assurance that the activities of each functional

area are being planned and carried out to meet theoverall needs of the project.

Assurance that the effects of favoring one projectover another are known, such as in resources

allocation.Early identification of problems that may

jeopardize the success of the project, therebyallowing prompt corrective action


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Management Mistakes Many Filipino school principals and university presidents-

especially from family-owned, religion-affiliatedinstitutions demonstrate a number of managementmistakes also common with state university officials:

1.Short attention spanmeaning, the executive paysattention just for a short while, then turns around andforgets about it completely. Too much politics.

2. Wrong emphasissuch as the politicians smile, not thegenuine attitude, and Filipinos are quick to spot the

hypocrite and the actor from the genuine article.3.3. Rigor mortisif there are too many procedures, too many

rules, too much control, too much fear of mistake, thenthe faculty and staff will not move or do anything andthings just float along.


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HISTORY OF EDUCATIONAL

PLANNING IN THE PHILIPPINES

CHAPTER 8


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According to the Department of Education,todays educational planning in the Philippines

can claim an unbroken history even before theestablishment of our formal educationalsystem.

During the pre-Spanish era and the period ofmore than four centuries when the Philippines

was a possession of Spain and of the UnitedStates there was a long and routine sort ofeducational planning though it was not visibleenough to compare with the present

educational planning activities.


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At a minimum, they had to estimate how manystudents there would be, how many classroom,teachers, desks and books would be needed toserve them adequately; how much money these

would require, where the money would comefrom; and how and when it would be spent.

This process was educational planning whichwas taken for granted as a normal part of the

school administrators job. Much more in someinstances. It was abused that it led to wastefulimbalances of our much limited school inputs.


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HOW JAPANESE SEE PHILIPPINES

Firstly, while we had an early start with American assistanceon industrialization in the 1960s, we have not been able to

exploit this early lead. Our development has fallen off;government protection through tariffs of so-called infantsindustries (owned by selfish family elites) have made theseindustries inefficient, labor salaries cheap, and our productslow in quality.

Secondly, since our industries needed overseas materials wedepended on foreign exchange. But crises like political events(Aquino Assassination, Marcos overthrow, etc.) have paralyzedthese situations, resulting in gross illiquidity and financingproblems.

Thirdly, although we have a big population, our consumptionslevels are low and purchasing power weak, discouraging localmanufactures.

And fourthly, our elite families and their professionalmanagers (who have little authority) prefer overnight riches to

long-term rewards such as through equipment investments.


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EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

IN THE PRESENT PERIOD

Philippine education is patterned after the Americansystem, with English as the medium of instruction. Schoolsare classified into public (government) or private (non-government).

However, recently, the Department of Education proposedthe K-12education system, along with the new curriculumfor all students. The implementation of the system is"phased". The first phase of the implementation will starton S.Y. 2012-2013. During this school year, universalkindergarten will be finally offered, and will now be a partof the compulsory education system; and a new curriculumfor Grade 1 and Grade 7 students. By SY 2016 -2017, Grade11/Year 5 will be introduced, and Grade 12/Year 6 by SY2017-2018; with the phased implementation of the newcurriculum finished by the SY 2017-2018.

E t S t


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E ucat ona System

in the Present Period

However, during the new educational cycle, from 2016 to2018, college enrollment could slow down or could turn tonil because of the entrance of the lower-year students tothe new educational

All public and private elementary schools, high schools and

colleges and universities in the Philippines start classes fromearly-June to mid-June and end from mid-March to early-April.


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Chapter 7 Planning and Project Management