Chapter 7 Plate TectonicsTest Review

Plate Tectonics• When rock changes its shape due

to stress, this reaction is called ____________________.

• deformation

• The stress that occurs when two tectonic plates collide is called ____________________.

• compression

Plate Tectonics• _________________________ is

the theory that the Earth's lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that move around on top of the asthenosphere.

• Plate tectonics

• The region where oceanic plates sink down into the asthenosphere is called a ___________.

• subduction zone

Plate Tectonics• When Earth's magnetic poles

change place, this is called a(n) ____________________ reversal.

• magnetic

• _________________________ are underwater mountain chains that run through Earth's ocean basins.

• Mid-ocean ridges

Plate Tectonics• _________________________ is

the process by which new oceanic lithosphere is created as older materials are pulled away.

• Sea-floor spreading

• The center of the Earth is called the ____________________.

• core

Plate Tectonics• Anticlines and synclines are the

result of ____________________.

• folding

• The ridge in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean formed along a ____________________ boundary.

• divergent

Plate Tectonics• Earth's ____________________ is

liquid.

• outer core

• _____ type of mountain is the only one that is formed by adding new material to the Earth's surface.

• volcanic

Plate Tectonics• Mountains with sharp, jagged peaks, such as

the Tetons, in western Wyoming, that are produced when sedimentary rock layers are tilted up by faulting are called ____ mountains.

• fault-block

• The Mariana trench is the deepest point in the oceans—11,033 m below sea level. This trench was formed at a ____ boundary, where one tectonic plate was subducted beneath the other.

• convergent

Plate Tectonics• A ____ fault often results when

opposing forces cause rock to break and move horizontally.

• strike-slip

• The type of fault that often results when rocks are pulled apart due to tension is called a _____.

• normal fault

Plate Tectonics• When horizontal stress acts on a

rock, ____ and ___form.

• synclines and anticlines

• When two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally, the boundary between them is called a _____.

• transform boundary

Plate Tectonics• ____ is the process by which hot material

from deep within the Earth rises while cooler material near the surface sinks.

• Convection

• Wegener's continental drift theory suggests that at 245 million years a single landmass was surrounded by a sea called _____.

• Panthalassa

Plate Tectonics• The North American plate consists

_____. • of both continental and oceanic crust

• The thinnest part of a tectonic plate lies beneath _____.

• the middle of the ocean

• There are_____ major tectonic plates. • ten

Plate Tectonics• The ____ is divided into tectonic plates.• lithosphere

• The ____ is made of solid rock that flows very slowly.

• asthenosphere

• The word asthenosphere means _____.• "weak sphere"

Plate Tectonics• The word lithosphere means • "rock sphere"

• The soft layer of the mantle on which pieces of the lithosphere move is called the _____.

• asthenosphere

• The strong, lower part of the mantle that lies beneath the asthenosphere is called the _____.

• mesosphere

Plate Tectonics• The outermost, rigid layer of the Earth is

called the _____.• lithosphere

• The diameter of the Earth's core is slightly larger than the diameter of _____.

• Mars

• Scientists have learned that the mantle's composition has large amounts of _____.

• iron and magnesium

Plate Tectonics• Earth's lightest materials make up the _____.• crust

• _____ appears to cause movement of Earth's tectonic plates.

• convection currents below the lithosphere

• The speed of seismic waves depends on the ____ of the layer through which they travel.

• density

Plate Tectonics• _____makes up most of the Earth's

mass.

• Mantle

• The type of mountain involving huge sections of the Earth's crust being pushed up into anticlines and synclines is the _____.

• folded mountain

Plate Tectonics• The San Andreas fault is an

example of a _____.

• transform boundary

• The part of the Earth on which the tectonic plates are able to move is the _____.

• asthenosphere

Plate Tectonics• The part of the Earth that is a liquid is the

_____.• outer core

• The asthenosphere is the thinnest layer. • False

• Temperature and pressure increase toward the center of the Earth.

• True

Plate Tectonics• The inner core of the Earth is solid

and made primarily of iron.

• True

• The crust is the Earth's only solid layer.

• False