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TEXAN INDEPENDENCE
Chapter 7 section 3Objective 4.2 Evaluate the impact settlement had upon different groups of people
Mexico Gains Its Independence• 1821- Mexico gains it independence from Spain. Northern territory: Texas, California, New Mexico remained part of Mexico= great distance= political independence from Mexico. Northern Territory Inhabitants: Native Americans & Hispanic settlers= settlements attacked by Apache, Comanche's & others. • the Spanish had est. missions to spread the Christian
faith & Spanish culture.• Native Americans often worked on the in slave-like
conditions • By 1820- mission system had declined• Frontier forts- presidios became weak as well
California• Cattle ranching= mainstay of life• White Spanish “Dons” & families dominated society.• Mestizos- middle class of mixed Anglo-Native
Americans• Native-Americans-bottom of social structure
Americans Move Into Mexican Lands• Post Mexican independence= Americans increasingly
moved to California -• Texas-served as a type of boundary between the US &
Mexico.• Texas- about 2,500 (Tejanos) settled San Antonio &
Goliad• Before 1821-Spain allowed foreigners to settle Texas
Mexico & Texas 1823-1825 Mexico passed 3 colonization
laws Exemption from tax for Americans to settle
in Texas Required Mexican citizenship and
conversion to Catholicism Empresarios – ‘agent’ – given land to fill it
with settlers – became governors National Colonization Act – Mexican Act
giving land to 26 Empresarios Stephen F. Austin
1st & most successful empresario Founded Washington on the Brazos Attracted 1500 families
What is a tejano?1. Spanish speaking
inhabitants of the territory
2. Mixed birth inhabitant
3. Mexican cowboy4. A spicy taco
Americanizing Texas Americans accepted Mexican citizenship-
few adopted Mexican culture or Roman Catholicism.
1826- Benjamin Edwards (brother of an empresario) led a rebellion against the Mexican government= wanted to establish Fredonia= Mexican troops & Tejanos led by Stephen Austin ended the revolt.
In 1830- the Mexican government closed its doors to immigration by Americans.
Mexico & Texas
1830 – Mexico closed its borders, taxed imports & banned importing slaves
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Mexican leader – become dictator (1834) Austin tried to negotiate (1833) Austin sent a letter to Tejano leaders telling
them to start forming their own governments (1833-34)
Austin prepared Texans to organize an army (1835)
Mexico & Texas
Gonzales – 1835 – 1st ‘battle’ won by Texan army at San Antonio- “Come & Take It”= Americans take San Antonio (Dec. 1835)
Sam Houston – former governor of Tennessee took control of the Texan army
The Alamo- a Spanish mission Texan army (180 men) led by William B. Travis Goal- hold out so Sam Houston could prepare an
army. Reinforcements never came (32 settlers showed
up) After 13 days- the Mexicans overtook the Texans
after a 6 hour battle
The National Colonization Act gave large amounts of land to:
1. Mestizos2. Vacqueros3. Tejanos4. Empresario
s
Mexico & Texas Goliad- Texas troops surrendered= Santa Anna
ordered the execution of 300 Texans Another lost battle by the Texans
Battle of San Jacinto Surprise attack = capture of Santa Anna Santa Anna forced to sign a treaty
recognizing Texas Independence (Mexico never accepted this)
“Remember the Alamo!”, “Remember Goliad” Texans won the war Texas gets its Independence – 1836
The Republic of Texas Sam Houston elected President Voted 3,277 to 91 to be annexed by the
US Congress opposed – slavery problem Andrew Jackson – did nothing John Tyler – President after Harrison
died! wanted to admit Texas as a slave state Killed his chances of a second term
Election of 1844 Annexation was the issue
Henry ClayWhig
For entering Texas as a slave state
James BirneyLiberty PartyAbolitionists
who were Whigs
James K. PolkDemocratTexas as a slave state
James K. Polk 1845-1849 Texas as a slave state ‘Fifty-Four Forty or Fight’-
Campaign slogan Add the Oregon territory as a state extending
the border to the 54th parallel Great Britain & US finally agreed on the 49th
Buy California from Mexico Before Tyler left office he pushed the
annexation of Texas through in 1845