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Chapter 8Chapter 8
Atoms andAtoms andPeriodic PropertiesPeriodic Properties
Fig. 8.1 Computer generated model of a beryllium atom
pn
Fig. 8.2 A cathode ray tube
Fig. 8.3 A cathode ray tube used to discover the electron
J.J. Thomson (1897)
Fig. 8.4 The oil-drop experiment to determine thecharge on an electron
Robert Millikan (1906)
Fig. 8.5 The gold foil experiment to determine the size of the nucleus
Ernest Rutherford (1907)
Fig. 8.6 Alpha particles moving through gold foil
The size of the nucleus vs the size of the atomThe size of the nucleus vs the size of the atom
Fig. 8.7 The three isotopes of hydrogen
Fig. 8.8 How atomic spectra are formed
Fig. 8.9 The line spectra emitted from hydrogen
Fig. 8.10 When an electron makes a “quantum leap” down, it emits a photon of specific energy
Ephoton = hf
Fig. 8.11 Some energy levels of the hydrogen atom
Fig. 8.12 Fluorescent lamps contain mercury atoms