Chapter 8Chapter 8

Chemical Equations and Chemical Equations and ReactionsReactions

Day 38Day 38

Types of Chemical Reactions

Direct Combination:(Synthesis)

A + B AB

Decomposition: AB A + B

Single Replacement:

Double Replacement:

Combustion:

A(metal) + BC B + ACA(Nonmetal) + BC C + BA

AB + CD CB + ADAB + CD AD + CB

C?H?(g) + O2(g) CO2(g) + H2O(g)

Single Replacement Reactions

Replacement of: Metals cations by another metal

A(metal) + BC B + AC

Ni + CuCl2 Cu + NiCl2

Hydrogen in water by a metal

Hydrogen in an acid by a metal

Na + HOH H2 + NaOH22 2

Zn + HCl H2 + ZnCl22

Lithium Potassium Calcium Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Zinc Chromium Iron Nickel Lead HydrogenHydrogen Bismuth Copper Mercury Silver Platinum Gold

Nickel

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Copper

Single Replacement Reactions

(Metal replacing cation)

A(metal) + BC B + AC

Al + CuCl2 Cu +

Lithium Potassium Calcium Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Zinc Chromium Iron Nickel Lead HydrogenHydrogen Bismuth Copper Mercury Silver Platinum Gold

Decre

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Aluminum is more reactive than copperso Al replaces Cu2+ after transferring e-’s

Cu + AlCl3 No Reaction

Copper is less reactive than aluminum.

so nothing happens!

AlCl3

Al can only lose 3 electrons to become Al3+Cu2+ gains e-’s from Al to become Cu.

e-e-Cu2+Cl-

Cu+Cu

Al3+

Na + H2O

Single Replacement Reactions

(Metal replacing cation)

A(metal) + BC B + AC

Mg + ZnCl2 Zn + MgCl2

HOH H2 + NaOH22 2

Ag + CuCl2 ??

Lithium Potassium Calcium Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Zinc Chromium Iron Nickel Lead HydrogenHydrogen Bismuth Copper Mercury Silver Platinum Gold

Decre

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Magnesium is more reactive than zinc.so Mg replaces Zn2+ as Mg2+ with Cl-

Cu + HCl ??NO REACTION

NO REACTION

Single Replacement Reactions

Replacement of:

A(metal) + BC B + AC

A(Nonmetal) + BC C + BA

Halogen anions by more active halogens

Lithium Potassium Calcium Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Zinc Chromium Iron Nickel Lead HydrogenHydrogen Bismuth Copper Mercury Silver Platinum Gold

Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine

Decre

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F2 + NaCl Cl2 + NaF2 2

Br2 + MgCl2 No Reaction

F2 + ZnCl2 Cl2 + ZnF2

Br2 + HCl No Reaction2

Solutions

Metal Cu(NO3)2

(aq)

Mg(NO3)2 (aq) Zn(NO3)2

(aq)

AgNO3

(aq)

Copper (Cu)

NA

Magnesium (Mg)

NA

Zinc (Zn) NA

Silver (Ag)

NA

Lithium Potassium Calcium Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Zinc Chromium Iron Nickel Lead HydrogenHydrogen Bismuth Copper Mercury Silver Platinum Gold

Decre

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Reacts

Reacts

NoReaction

NoReaction

NoReaction

NoReaction

NoReaction

Reacts

NoReaction

Reacts

Reacts

Reacts

Single Replacement Reactions (SUMMARY)

Lithium Potassium Calcium Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Zinc Chromium Iron Nickel Lead HydrogenHydrogen Bismuth Copper Mercury Silver Platinum Gold

Metals can replace other metalsprovided that they are above themetal that they are trying to replace.

Metals above hydrogen can replace hydrogen in acids.

Metals from sodium upward canreplace hydrogen in water

Zn + CuCl2 Cu + ZnCl2

Zn + NaCl No Reaction

Fe + HCl H2 + FeCl3

K + HOH H2 + KOH

6 22 3

2 22

Magnesium Aluminum Zinc Chromium Iron Nickel Lead HydrogenHydrogen

Lithium Potassium Calcium Sodium

Decre

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Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine

Halogens can replace other halogens in compounds, providedthat they are above the halogenthat they are trying to replace.

2NaCl(s) + F2(g) 2NaF(s) + Cl2(g)

MgCl2(s) + Br2(g) ???No Reaction

???

Decre

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ySingle Replacement Reactions (SUMMARY)