Chapter 8 History

By: Colton Cogdill

The Cyclades are located east of the Greek main lands.

All that is know about the Cyclades is from studying artifacts.

The Cyclades made most of their living from fishing and trading.

At about 2000 B.C. the Cycladic culture began to weaken.

Cycladic Culture

The Minoans began in Crete. Minoan culture began as an agriculture one. In 2000 B.C. they started to build large

palaces. The Minoans were excellent sailors.

Minoan Culture

The culture started in 1900 B.C. They adopted Minoan ways through trade. The Mycenaeans also built palaces. Like the Minoans, they sailed the

Mediterranean Sea. They did this to trade, start settlements, and have war.

Mycenaean Culture

Located in Troy. The city had thick walls surrounding it. They traded and farmed. Troy is described in the Iliad and the

Odyssey Homer wrote these.

Trojan Culture

City States were formed as people living in villages.

The villages had forts for protection. Eventually, they grew into cities. The best known city states were Athens and

Sparta.

Rise of City States

Sparta was located in the Peloponnesian Peninsula.

Sparta was made up of 3 classes. Sparta used an oligarchy. Athens was governed by

aristocracy. Athens had classes based on

wealth. Athens also made the first

democracy.

Athens and Sparta

The city states were independent so people thought of themselves as independent.

All of the city states shared an ancestor, his name was Hellen.

Believed in Greek gods like Zeus and Aphrodite and other ones.

The Olympic Games were started by them.

To Be Greek

For hundreds of years Greek city states . Common enemy was Persia. The Persians had more soldiers but the

Athenians beat them. To protect themselves they formed leagues

or allies.

Persian Wars

In 460 B.C. Pericles was elected ruler. He introduced pay for officials. In time all government officials were paid. His change allowed non wealthy people to

serve.

The Age of Pericles

Build cities, created sad and comical poems, and Hippocrates said illness was from natural things.

The Golden age ended because Sparta and Athens went to war and leaders made poor choices so the city state weakened.

Achievements and End of the Golden Age

Socrates called himself gadfly after an insect that bit a horse. He did this to “sting” the Athenians. Then he got ordered to drink poison to kill himself.

Plato thought leaders should have a good character and later in life he started an academy.

Aristotle entered the academy but disagreed with Plato about the kinds of knowledge that were most important.

Greek Philosophers

Alexander was born in 360 B.C. Interested in many subjects. He became ruler at age 18. In 334 B.C. he led a huge army to defeat

Persia and he won. One by one he conquered many places.

Making and Building of An Empire

Alexander the Great ruled a large area. He led his army to Bactria and married

Roxane. He planned to go to the Ganges River, but

his soldiers didn’t follow so he went home. He was very disappointed.

The End of An Empire

Alexander was a great and strong ruler. He conquered many places. He and his army came across many

different cultures and then the Greeks way of life influenced them.

That is why this time is called the Hellenistic Age.

Alexander’s Legacy