Chapter 8 Section 3Italy & Germany Unite

Nationalism’s effect on EuropeCavour Unites ItalyBismarck Unites Germany

Nationalism’s effect on Europe

Nationalism: people should be loyal to their nation; or to the

people they share common culture with

Nationalism’s effect on EuropeEffects on Europe:

Break up of Austrian Empire– Nationalism deputes cause tension– A loss in the Austro-Prussian war– Hungarians want a separate nation– 2 nations, 1 Emperor

Russia’s Empire Crumbles– More than 12 different ethnic groups rule by the Czars– Russification: forcing Russian culture on the people of

the empire– This policy strengthened ethnic feelings– Czar will give up his power in 1917

Nationalism’s effect on EuropeThe Ottoman Empire Weakens

– Tensions among the 6 ethnic groups cause problems for the empire

– 1856: equal citizenship increases anti-ethnic feelings among the Turks

– Massacre and deportation of Armenians from 1894 to 1896

– The Ottoman Empire breaks apart after WWI

Cavour Unites ItalyPiedmont-Sardinia was the largest &

most powerful Italian kingdom– Liberal constitution – King Victor Emmanuel II – Count Camillio di Cavour appointed PM– Gains control of northern Italy with help from France– Giuseppe Garibaldi “The Red Shirt”

• Takes Sicily• Gains control of southern Italy • Agrees to unite the north & south under control of

Victor Emmanuel II

Camillo di Cavour King

Victor Emmanuel II

Giuseppe Garibaldi

United Italy, 1861

Unification of GermanyPrussia was the most powerful kingdom

in Germany– Strong nationalist feelings helped unify the people in

Prussia– Very powerful army– Wilhelm I appointed Otto von Bismarck as PM

• A powerful Junker: a wealthy, conservative landowner– Bismarck was a master of realpolitik: tough power

politics, with no room for idealism– Bismarck uses war to increase national pride

• Defeats Denmark, gains Schleswig• Defeats Austria, gains Holstein & gave Venetia to Italy

Unification of Germany con’tBismarck created incidents with France

– He forces France into a war

The Franco-Prussian War– The Prussian army swept into France & took 83,000 POWs– German nationalism was now at its highest

Wilhelm I was crown Kaiser Wilhelm I emperor of Germany

Otto von Bismarck

German Empire, 1871