Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
biology
Citation preview
THEME: INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIPBETWEEN LIVING THINGS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Chapter 9 : Dynamic Ecosystem
9.1 Analysing the biotic and abiotic components of the environment.
Complete the following diagram
Environment
Biotic Component Abiotic Component
Definition Definition
Example Example
Bird air
Suggested activityTeacher may brings student to visit the school compound
Non living things
Definition
Write down the definition of the following terms
Term Definition
Trophic Level
Food Chain
Food Web
Pyramid of numbers
Producer
Primary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Tertiary Consumer
Decomposer
Classification
The following figure shows 4 organisms in a grassland.
1.Construct three food chains from the shown figure
2.Forms a food web which interrelated all the organism above
1.
2.
3.
Complete the figure using the pictures given.
Organisms Trophic level
Figure 2 : Pyramid Number
Construct a pyramid number using the food chain below.
1.
2.
3.
NotesThe energy transfer in a food chain.
.
The food chain The Pyramid number
Energy loss
Notes1. Energy is transfer from one trophic level to a higher trophic level.2. Energy is lost when it is transfer from one level to another and the amount is not the same because a)energy loss to the atmosphere through respiration and excretion b)energy is passed to the decomposer when the organism decay
Producer Primaryconsumer
Secondaryconsumer
Tertiaryconsumer
Environment
Decomposer
Complete the table below
Type of interaction
Effect Problem Characteristics for adaptation
Host Lodgerorganism
A. Symbiosis1. Parasitism
- endoparasite
- ectoparasite
2.Comensalisme - epiphyte
-epizoic3. Mutualism
Not benefit
-disease-dead
Benefit
-nutrient-protection
TapewormReproduction respiration
Hermaphrodite
B. Saprophytism
-saprophyte
- saprozoic
C.Prey-Predator
D. Competition
-
- - -
Prey-Predator Graph
PHASE P Q R
Prey Increase
Predator
Explanation of thegraph phase
P Q R
Data Analysis For Interspecies Competition in Paramecium sp.
Graph 1 Graph 2
Study the graph 1 and 2.and then explain the graph figure
Graph 1
Graph 2
Conclusion
The number of protozoa in each 0.5 ml medium
The number of protozoa in each 0.5 ml medium
day day
9.2 Colonisation and succession
According to the figure below, give the definition for the following terms.
Species Habitat Niche Population
Community Ecosystem Biosphere Ecology
Study the above photograph and give the definition as given below.
1.Succession species –
2.Dominant species –
3. Succession process –
Mangrove swamp
Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4
Type of root.Problems
Adaptation
Pioneer species /
Successor 1
Successor 2
.
-.-
Study the figure below and elaborate the colonization and succession process.
Names the species
1. Pioneer : ________________________ and ___________________________
2. Successor 1 : ________________________ and ___________________________
3. Successor 2 : ________________________ and ___________________________
9.3 : Population Ecology
Population Ecology –the study about size population measurement and the factors affecting population size
Technic to determine size and population density
The quadrat sampling technique Capture, mark, release and recapture technique
Suggested Activity Suggested Activity
-Conduct an experiment to investigate -To conduct the analogy experiment distribution of plant in school field using soys beans that can be mark
by the marker pen
Formulae Formulae
Percentage = Aerial coverage of all qdt X 100 Coverage no.of qdrt sampled x qdrt area
On Condition
- No mortality/ natality - No immigrant/ emmigrant - Animals mix in random
Abiotic factors that affecting the organism distribution
Abiotic component Interrelation between the population distribution of organisms with abiotic component
Temperature
Light intensity
Moistness
pH
Suggestion ;
Plan and conduct an experiment to investigate the pH and light intensity effects on Lemna sp.
9.4 Biodiversity
Biodiversity – Diversity of organism species on earth
The existence of too many species created the need for a systematic system of classification.
Why classification system needed
1. ……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. …………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
Fill in the blank with suitable answers.
Kingdom Characteristics
Figure 9.12: Animalia kingdom
Figure 9.11: Plantae kingdom
Figure 9.10: Fungi kingdom
The build of Dichotomous Key
Steps to observe for build a Dichotomous key.
Identify the main physical characteristics.
Divide into two obvious groups.
In every group, find one or two characteristic that can divide into smaller groups.
The above step is continuously repeated until each group end up with one organism
Name the organism.
Avoid ABSTRACT characteristics
Size Habitat
Physiology
Colour
Blue / redDark / Bright
Can fly / cannot fly
Live in water / terrestial on land
Small / bigLong / short
Build a Dichotomous Keys to classify organisms shown in the diagram bellow
.
Complete the table
Kingdom
Phyllum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Binomial Linnaeus
The present scientific system of naming organism is the Linnaeus binomial system.
This system is created by a specialist environment scientist named Carl Linnaeus (1707 – 1778).
According Linnaeus binomial systemi. Scientific name consists of two words.ii. The first name is the genus of the organism.iii. The second name is the species name.iv. The first alphabet of genus is capitalised.v. The species name it is in small letters printed in italic or underlined
separately.
Periplaneta Americana
1. Please rewrite the scientific name of the above organism.
.................................................................................................................................
2. State two mistakes in the scientific name above.
a) ……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
b) ……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
3. What is the common name for the organism?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
The importance of Biodiversity
Suggestion for preservation
The importance of Biodiversity
Food resources
Economy Environment balance
Medical resources
Habitat
Clean air
Source of protein, carbohydrates and
lipid
Resources timber
Food chain Food web Energy flow Nutrient cycle
Discovery of plant species having medical value
Tongkat ali Kacip fatimah Pegaga
1. …………………………………………………………………………………………...…
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. ………………………………………………………………………………...……………
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
Suggestion for conservation
1. …………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. …………………………………………………………………………..…………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
9.5 The roles of microorganism in life
- microorganism is a minute organism that can’t be seen by our naked eyes.
Figure 1
cynobacteria bacteria
hyphae
spore
yeast
mushroom
Bread mould
Kingdom Microorganism Example Characteristic
Prokaryotae Bacteria
Protozoa
Virus Don’t respire and excrete, have DNA
Algae
Fungi
Table 1
Preferring to microorganism in figure 1, complete table 1
Abiotic component that affects the microorganism (yeast or Bacillus subtilis).
Abiotic component Effect on microorganism activity
pH
Temperature
Light
Nutrients
Suggested activity
Carry out experiment to investigate the effects of changes in abiotic component to yeast activity.
Useful microorganism
The nitrogen cycle
List the function of microorganism in the nitrogen cycle above
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Fill the blanks in the table below
ProcessMicroorganism roles
Example Explanations
Putrefaction
Digestion
Termites- Trichonympha sp.
Human being-
Harmful microorganism
Short note:
Pathogen - microorganism that can cause illness / harm Example: Vibrio sp. Cholera disease
Vector – animal can transfer the pathogen from host to host Example: housefly – carry Vibrio sp.
Symptoms: changes experienced by those who contact the illness. Example: vomiting – food poisoning and diarrhoea
Fill the blank in the table below
Disease Pathogen Vector Symptom Method of transmission
Malaria
Protozoa- Plasmodium sp.
Cholera
Influenza
Mange
- light red rashes- itchy skin
Food poisoning
The method of pathogen control
Complete the table below
Substance Example Explanation
Antibiotic
Vaccines
Antiseptic
- Potassium permanganate- Iodine
Disinfectants
- formalin- phenol
