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CHAPTER 9
Collecting and recording
quantitative data
Learning outcomes• Consider how quantitative data can contribute
to your investigation• Discuss different types and purposes of surveys• Design and evaluate an effective survey
instrument• Collect, organise and store quantitative data
effectively• Describe and present a summary of the data
you have collected
Collecting and recording quantitative data
Influences on sample size
The sample selection process
• Simple random sampling
• Systematic sampling
• Stratified sampling
• Cluster sampling
Sample selection methods
Open or closed questions
Nominal scale data• Category scales • Biographical/situational data (eg gender,
business unit)
Ordinal scale data• Shows greater or lesser amounts of something• ‘Distance’ between points is not necessarily
equal
Interval scale data• Distance between points is known and the
intervals represent equal quantities
Ratio scale data• Measurements with a ‘zero’ (eg time, test
scores)
Question structure
• Initial request/instructions
• Questionnaire layout/appearance
• Survey questions
– clear for respondents
– logical sequence
• Final thanks/return arrangements
Effective survey design
• General layout and features
• Page/screen features
• Buttons/check boxes
• Drop-down boxes
• Text input options
• Confidentiality/anonymity
Web-based survey design
Web-based survey: simple matrix structure
Stages in survey design and distribution
Options:
– Postal, self-administered
– Delivery and collection questionnaire
– Telephone interview
– Face-to-face interview
– Email survey
– Web-based survey
Administering and delivering surveys
Collecting and organising data
Data display
Normal curve of distribution