Chapter 9 (from p.376): Intelligence

Music: “She’s a Genius”

Jet

“Empire State of Mind”

Jay-Z and Alicia Keys

Agenda 1. Definitions of Intelligence

a) Issues b) Common definition c) General factor theory d) Theories of multiple intelligences

2. Assessment of Intelligence a) Historical background b) Modern tests

3. Genetic & Environmental Determinants a) Genetics: Twin studies /reaction range b) Racial differences c) Schooling, intelligence and income

**Tips for the exam ** From the Text:

Especially know the sections covered in class. For other sections, don’t obsess about tiny details.

Know featured study, critical thinking, and application sections (Ch. 5-9).

Go over “Review of Key Points” for your studying. From the Lectures:

Go over your notes carefully, and try to anticipate short answer questions from the slides.

Format (same as last time): 60 Multiple Choice; 4 Short Answers 2 hours in class

1. Definitions of Intelligence a) Issues:

What do we mean by “intelligence”? Most people think of verbal, practical and social aspects

of intelligence p. 381 How do we go about evaluating intelligence?

What do IQ tests tell us? Is intelligence culturally-defined, or is it culture-free?

At the moment, there are no “culture free” tests Introduction of “Emotional Intelligence” or EI:

Important component of success in life Self-awareness, self-regulation, empathy, people skills,

motivation / Predicts work performance better than IQ

1. Intelligence (cont’d) b) Common definition:

Most agree that intelligence= Capacity to adapt Learn from experience Think abstractly, solve problems effectively

c) General Factor Theory: Intelligence is a unitary attribute Spearman: “g” factor

General ability that underlies specific skills

Spearman’s “g” factor p. 397 Explains the correlation between scores on subtests of IQ

measures

1. d) Theories of Multiple Intelligences

Sternberg’s Model: 3 types of Intelligences: Academic Creative Practical

Gardner’s 8 intelligences (p. 401)

2. Assessment of Intelligence a) Historical background

Binet (1905): devised the first IQ test to identify children with learning difficulties

Stanford-Binet: Adapted by Terman in 1916 for use in America

IQ= Mental Age/Chronological Age X 100 b) Modern Tests:

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale –Revised- (WAIS-R)

Verbal IQPerformance IQ (non-verbal/ visual-spatial skills)

Distribution follows normal curve (p. 360)

Figure 9.6

Scoring the Wechsler Scales

Normal IQ Curve Fig. 9.7

Lower 2% of IQ distribution:

3. Genetic and Environmental Determinants

A) Genetics: Account for 50-70% of variance in IQ points Determined from twin studies:

Genetic overlap and IQ similarity p.388-389

Studies of IQ similarity Fig. 9.12

3. a) Reaction Range p. 391

3. b) Racial differences (p.393) due to bad soil?

3. c) Effects of schooling Years of schooling positively related to

IQ (and income)! Bi-directional effects (see overheads in

class)

You GO! You can totally do it!