Chapter 9Pages 274-299

Section 1: Market Revolution

• Farmers

• Why?

Self-Sufficiency Specialization

Capitalism

• A system where private businesses and individuals control production and use them to earn profits.

• Investors are called entrepeneurs.

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Section :2• Manifest Destiny: The belief, dominant in the

1840”s, that American expansion to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican territory was manifest (obvious).

• This led to conflict with Native Americans.– All went west for their own reasons but nearly

all felt that they “civilizers”.

• Many fled cities and society because of financial problems, wanted a new start or were looking for new markets.

Frederick Jackson Turner

• Wrote a thesis saying that the American frontier was the single characteristic that defined Americans– it made us different Europeans.

• The frontier represented the American Dream to many and defined what we see as American.– independence, ingenuity, and individual

initiative

• Between 1812-1852 the U.S. grew from 7.25 million to more than 25 million, but land in the West increased by more than the size of Europe.

Some other key ideas..

• Treaty of Fort Laramie- represents a pattern since the terms of this treaty were often broken by the U.S.

• Fighting over how the West would be governed, defines American politics until the Civil War.

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Expansion in Texas & War with Mexico

• Mexico encouraged Settlement in Texas by giving away land.– Required that settlers

become Mexican citizens and convert to Catholicism

• When the pop. of Texas became mostly Anglos they were very hard to control. (slavery)

• When they tried to crack down on Texas it led to the “Texas Rebellion.”

• Texas became the independent “Republic of Texas” in 1836.

Annexing Texas• When James Polk was

elected he wanted to expand the U.S.

• After U.S. and Mexican troops fought on the border, asked Congress to declare war.

• There was some debate (Spot Resolution) but war was declared.

The War with Mexico

• As a result of the War Mexico lost about ½ of it’s territory.

• The U.S. paid $15 million for the lands they got from Mexico

• (In 1854 we paid $10 million for the Gadsden Purchase.)

But you must know…

• The new lands created conflict between the North and South.

• Neither wanted to the balance in the Senate to tip to the other.

• This would dominate American politics until after the

And in addition

• California Republic • Gold Rush