STUDYGUIDE FOR BIOLOGY

Second Semester 2017

Chapter 8 and 9: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

1. Write the equations for making ATP and breaking ATP.

2. What are the parts of an ATP molecule?

3. Write the equation for photosynthesis. (label all parts)

4. Where does photosynthesis take place in a plant?

5. Where does the carbon used in making carbohydrates during photosynthesis come from?

6. Why do plants look green?

7. Write the equation of aerobic cellular respiration.

8. Write the equation of anaerobic respiration.

9. Label the diagram below:

10. What are the two types of anaerobic respiration?

11. Which type of anaerobic respiration can occur when you are exercising?

CHAPTER 10: Mitosis

12. Label the parts of the cell cycle.

13. Describe the three phases of interphase.

14. What is the end product of mitosis?

15. Label each stage of mitosis. Then label in the diagrams: spindle fiber, chromosome, centromere, cell membrane and nucleus.

16. Make makes metaphase different from anaphase?

17. What is cytokinesis? When does this stage happen?

Chapter 11.4: Meiosis

18. What is the end product of meiosis?

19. How many times does meiosis go through the stages PMAT?

20. What is the difference between haploid cells and diploid cells?

21. Compare meiosis to mitosis.

22. How many chromosomes are in a human egg or sperm?

23. How many chromosomes are in a human body cell?

24. If a shark egg cell has 14 chromosomes, how many will the body cell have?

25. What sex chromosomes does a human male and female have?

26. Explain the difference in meiosis of males and females.

CHAPTER 12: DNA and RNA

27. Label: phosphate, deoxyribose, nitrogen base and hydrogen bond. Then circle a nucleotide in the diagram.

28. What is the name of the structure of DNA?

29. Explain how the bases of DNA pair together. (Chargaff’s rule).

30. Explain the steps of DNA replication. Draw pictures if necessary.

31. Who discovered the structure of DNA?

32. What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? Label them below.

33. Give the complimentary DNA chain for the following: AAT GCG CTA TGC GGA

34. Definitions:a. transcription: __________________________________________________________________

b. translation: __________________________________________________________________

c. tRNA: __________________________________________________________________

e. rRNA: __________________________________________________________________

f. mRNA: __________________________________________________________________

35. Give the complimentary RNA strand to the following DNA strand.ATC CGG AAT GCT

. 36. Give two codons for cysteine.

37. What amino acid does GAA code?

38. Name 2 differences between DNA and RNA.

CHAPTER 11: Mendel and Heredity

39. Distinguish between dominant traits and recessive traits.

40. T = tall t = short Cross two heterozygous pea plants and give the genotype and phenotype for the cross.

41. B = black W = white Cross a white with a gray rabbit. This is incomplete

dominance. Give the genotype and phenotype.

42. Mom is homozygous type A blood and dad is type AB blood. Give genotype and phenotype.

43. Hemophilia is a sex-linked trait. Cross a female carrier with a normal male. Give genotype and phenotype of offspring.

Use the letters H and h for the pedigree.

44. How many generations are in

this pedigree?

45. How many marriages are in the pedigree?

46. What is the genotype of person 4?

47. What is the genotype of person 7?

48. How many males are in the pedigree?

49. How many people have the trait?

50. What is the relationship between person 2 and 8?

Chapter 3, 4 and 5: Ecology

23. What portion of the earth is considered the biosphere?

24. What is ecology?

25. Put the following in order from smallest to largest: ecosystem, population, community and individual.

26. Write the meaning of the terms in the question above.

27. Competition limits population size. Name abiotic and biotic factors populations would compete for.

28. Give the term used to describe any factor that limits the size of a population.

29. What are the three key features of a population?

30. What are the three factors that affect population size?

31. Draw an exponential growth curve. (Label x & y axis).

32. Draw a logistic growth curve. (Label x & y axis and carrying capacity)

33. Describe the difference between a population that has reached its carrying capacity and one that is experiencing exponential growth.

34. What is symbiosis?

35. Describe the three types of symbiosis (include examples).

A.

B.

C.

36. Explain why a predator/prey relationship is not a form of symbiosis.

37. Look at the figure above. List any four consumers shown and what materials they consume.

A.

B.

C.

D.

38. What is a producer? Give some examples from the diagram.

39. What does an organism’s niche include?

41. Look at the figure to the left. Identify all the processes that release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Then, list all the processes that bring carbon out of the atmosphere and into the ecosystem.

42. Look at figure to the left. What cycle is being demonstrated? Describe all the processes that contribute to this cycle.

43. How is a food web different from a food chain?

Use the food web below to answer the questions that follow.

44. Identify the producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer, and quaternary consumer.

45. What organism would be considered an herbivore? What else can an herbivore be labeled as?

Shark

Tuna

Mackerel

Shrimp & Zooplankton

Photosynthetic microorganisms

46. What is a biome?

47. What is succession?

48. Describe the differences between primary and secondary succession using the image below.

49. What is a climax community?

50. What is the role of lichen in primary succession?

Word Bankbiotic factor abiotic factor habitat niche

resourcecompetitive exclusion principle

predation Symbiosis

mutualism commensalism parasitism ecological succession

primary succession pioneer species secondary

succession biome

tolerance population density immigration emigration

exponential growth logistic growth carrying capacity limiting factor

51. any non-living part of an environment _____________________52. states that no 2 organisms can occupy the same niche in the same environment

at the same time ____________________53. specific type of relationship in which one organism benefits and the other

organism is not affected_____________________54. the first species to move into an area where no other species are currently

living__________________55. the role or job an organism does in its environment_____________________________56. a measure of how tightly packed organisms are in a particular

area_____________________57. specific type of relationship in which one organism is harmed and another

benefits__________________58. when one organism hunts and kills another organism for

food_______________________59. occurs when an organism moves into an area___________________________

60. large geographical area characterized by a distinct weather pattern and specific

dominant plants; examples include a tropical rainforest, the savannah, and a temperate forest_____________________

61. occurs when organisms like lichens begin to grow on lava rock or some other place where life has never lived before_______________________

62. any factor in an environment that an organism can use to increase its chances of survival________________________

63. term which means that a relationship exists between 2 organisms______________________

64. crazy-fast growth that occurs under “perfect” conditions like unlimited food, no predators, and unlimited space_____________________

65. type of growth curve that results when rapid growth slows down and levels off __________________________