Chapter 9 Section 1The Industrial Revolution Spreads

3rd Period

October 13th, 2011

Nations Race to Industrialize (298-300) Germany and France and the United States had more

abundant supplies of coal, iron and other resources then Britain did.

They also had the advantage of following Britain's lead. Robert Fulton powered his steam boat with one of James

Watts steam engine. By 1900s, the United States was manufacturing about 30

percent of the worlds industrial goods, surpassing Britain as the leading industrial nation.

Uneven Development (298-300) Although Russia did have resources, social and

political conditions slowed its economic development.

Only in the 1800s, more then 100 years after Britain, did the Russian lumber toward industrialization.

Although Japan lacked many basic resources, it industrialized rapidly after 1868 because of a political revolution that made modernization a priority.

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Effects of Industrialization (300) 1900, Britain underwent social changes, such as rapid

urbanization. Men, women and children worked long hours. The factory produced huge quantities of new goods at

lower prices. Demand for goods created jobs Politics changed as leaders had to meet the demands of

an industrial society At a technological and economic advantage the Western

powers came to dominate the world.

Steel Production and the Bessemer Process (300-301) American inventor William Kelly and British engineer

Henry Bessemer developed new process for making steel from iron. In 1856 Bessemer patented the process

Bessemer made it lighter, harder and more durable then iron so it could be cheaply produced.

Steel became the major material. In 1880, the average German steel mill produced less

then 5 million metric tons of steel a year. In 1910, it reached nearly 15 million metric tons

Steel Production and the Bessemer Process (300-301)

Effects of Industrialization (300)

Innovations in Chemistry (301) Chemist created items from aspirin to soaps and perfume. Newly

developed fertilizers increased food production. Alfred Nobel invented dynamite a safer explosive used for both construction and warfare.

Electric Power Replaces Steam (301) Electricity replaced steam as the dominant source of energy.

Michael Faraday invented the Dynamo an electric generator. Thomas Edison invented the incandescent light bulb, which allowed people to operate after dark.

New Methods of Production (301-302) Interchangeable Parts were identical parts that could be used in

place of another. By the early 1900s, manufactures had introduced another new method of production. The Assembly Line.

The Automobile Age Begins (302)

• The transportation revolution took a new turn when a German engineer, Nikolaus Otto invented a gasoline powered internal combustion engine.

In 1886, Karl Benz received a patient for the first automobile, which had three wheels.

Henry Ford, America took over the mass-production of cars after starting the assembly line.

The internal combustion engine powered more than cars, it could power airplanes.

Orville and Wilbur wright designed the first airplanes.

Though it only flew for a few seconds it was a big improvement.

Airplane Takes Flight (302)

Rapid Communication (302-303) American inventor Samuel

F.B. Morse developed the telegraph.

In 1876 the Scottish born American inventor Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone.

An Italian pioneer Guglielmo Marconi invented the radio.

The radio would become a corner stone of today's global communications network.

Rise of Big Business (303)

To get the needed capital, owners sold stock- or shares in their companies

large scale companies such as steel foundries, needed so much capital that they sold hundred of thousands of shares.

These businesses formed giant corporations-

Businesses that are owned by many investors who buy shares of stock

With large amounts of capital corporations could expand into many areas.

Move Toward Monopolies (303-304) Powerful business leaders

created monopolies for huge corporations that controlled entire industries.

In Germany Alfred Krupp inherited a steel business.

He made supply lines or raw materials that fed the steel business.

Move Toward Regulation (304) A rise in big businesses

and the creation of such good wealth created debate.

Some people saw that Krupp and Rockefeller as captains of industry.

They destroyed there competition, critically argued, they damaged the free-enterprise system.