Chapter 9Copyright 2002 Houghton Mifflin Company - All Rights Reserved 1 Navigating Your Future: Principles for Student Success Chapter Nine Critical Thinking

Chapter 9 Copyright 2002 Houghton Mifflin Company - All Rights Reserved

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Navigating Your Future:Navigating Your Future:Principles for Student SuccessPrinciples for Student Success

By James G. Beierlein & Barbara K. Wade

Chapter NineChapter NineCritical Thinking SkillsCritical Thinking Skills


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Attitudes Neededfor Critical Thinking

Attitudes Neededfor Critical Thinking

• Open-mindedness - Free of bias and willing to accept new ideas

• Whole-heartedness - A passion for inquiry

• Responsibility - Can accept the logical consequences of a particular belief

• Open-mindedness - Free of bias and willing to accept new ideas

• Whole-heartedness - A passion for inquiry

• Responsibility - Can accept the logical consequences of a particular belief


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The Types of Questionsin Critical Thinking

The Types of Questionsin Critical Thinking

• Clarifying Questions - Verify the accuracy of your understanding (Bloom Levels 1 & 2)

• Expanding Questions - A product of your analysis and evaluation of the new knowledge (Bloom Levels 3, 4, & 5)

• Justification Questions - Show your ability to draw conclusions, test internal consistency of data, and relate to other facts (Bloom Level 6)

• Clarifying Questions - Verify the accuracy of your understanding (Bloom Levels 1 & 2)

• Expanding Questions - A product of your analysis and evaluation of the new knowledge (Bloom Levels 3, 4, & 5)

• Justification Questions - Show your ability to draw conclusions, test internal consistency of data, and relate to other facts (Bloom Level 6)


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How Your Brain LearnsHow Your Brain Learns

• Left Lobe - Handles verbal processing (logical & analytical operations, sorting & filing of details)

• Right Lobe - Handles visual & spatial processing (emotions, creative activities, analysis of concepts & principles)

• Left Lobe - Handles verbal processing (logical & analytical operations, sorting & filing of details)

• Right Lobe - Handles visual & spatial processing (emotions, creative activities, analysis of concepts & principles)


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Your Brain & MemoryYour Brain & Memory

• Short Term Memory I - What is on your mind right now

• Short Term Memory II - Where information is stored for a limited time while you decide if it is worth passing on to long term memory

• Long Term Memory - Permanent storage

• Short Term Memory I - What is on your mind right now

• Short Term Memory II - Where information is stored for a limited time while you decide if it is worth passing on to long term memory

• Long Term Memory - Permanent storage


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What is Passed to Long Term MemoryWhat is Passed to

Long Term Memory• Data in short term memory not reinforced

by use in a short time is discarded

• Estimated that up to ½ of the data you receive is lost in 24 hours if not used again

• This is why “all nighters” do not work

• Many short study sessions are best to transfer data to long term memory

• Data in short term memory not reinforced by use in a short time is discarded

• Estimated that up to ½ of the data you receive is lost in 24 hours if not used again

• This is why “all nighters” do not work

• Many short study sessions are best to transfer data to long term memory


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Training vs. EducationTraining vs. Education

• Training - “What” is the right answer?

• Education - “Why” is this the right answer?

Education can see relationships, knows how to apply knowledge in new ways, and can generate new knowledge to solve unforeseen problems.

• Training - “What” is the right answer?

• Education - “Why” is this the right answer?

Education can see relationships, knows how to apply knowledge in new ways, and can generate new knowledge to solve unforeseen problems.


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Learning StylesLearning Styles

• Everyone does not learn the same way

• Your learning style =

How you perceive information

+

How you process information

• Everyone does not learn the same way

• Your learning style =

How you perceive information

+

How you process information


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Self Assessing Your Learning StyleSelf Assessing Your Learning Style

• Take the Keirsey-Bates Indicator Test

• Take the test again, but answer the questions based on your professor’s teaching style. What did you learn that you could use in their class?

• Have your roommate or friend take the test answering the questions the way they think you would. What did you learn about you?

• Take the Keirsey-Bates Indicator Test

• Take the test again, but answer the questions based on your professor’s teaching style. What did you learn that you could use in their class?

• Have your roommate or friend take the test answering the questions the way they think you would. What did you learn about you?


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Mind MappingMind Mapping

• Mind Mapping = Diagramming what you are learning

• Requires active learning to do this

• It is a way to involve another sense in learning

• Mind Mapping = Diagramming what you are learning

• Requires active learning to do this

• It is a way to involve another sense in learning

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Chapter 9Copyright 2002 Houghton Mifflin Company - All Rights Reserved 1 Navigating Your Future: Principles for Student Success Chapter Nine Critical Thinking