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Rise of Dictators● After WWI, the Treaty of Versailles and economic depressions
throughout the world led to anti democratic governments in Europe and Asia
● How did these people gain power? BY SPEAKING TO PEOPLE’S EMOTIONS!○ Hitler addressed Germany’s struggles and used propaganda to
convince Germans that Jews were responsible for their problems.○ Nazi message communicated everywhere!
■ Film, books, media
DICTATOR COUNTRY IDEOLOGY
Hitler GermanyNazism - extreme nationalism, control over all industry, the superiority of the Aryan race, and leadership by a dictator
Stalin RussiaCommunism - one-party rule, elimination of private property, does not tolerate opposition
Mussolini ItalyFascism - extreme nationalism, a strong central government lead by a dictator
Tojo JapanMilitarism - extreme nationalism, values military ideals, takes aggressive military approach
Pg. 454
America wanted to stay neutral!● Neutrality - the state of not supporting or helping either side in a conflict● Neutrality Acts (1936/36/37) - Limited the sale of military supplies to countries in
war… trying to discourage war and stay out of it!
Causes?Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia
Spanish Civil War
The creation of the Axis Alliance
ISOLATIONISM INTERNATIONALISM
vs
A national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs
The idea that trade between nations creates prosperity and helps prevent war
Hitler takes action...● Germany began violating the Treaty of Versailles● He took 3 steps to increase Nazi Power:
1) Hitler called for a unification of all German peoples in other countries.
2) Hitler invaded Poland3) Hitler and Stalin created the Nazi-Soviet Pact
● How did the rest of the world respond to his actions?○ Initially… APPEASEMENT: they agreed to let him do this in exchange
for peace● But after he invaded Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany
Blitzkrieg
● Means “lightning war”● Using aircraft, tanks parachutes, and radios to produce highly mobile
and fast moving armies that can coordinate multiple attacks and rapidly encircle the enemy
Early Battles● Maginot Line - A line of concrete bunkers and fortifications built by the French
on the Germany border● Germans figured out how to go around it and snuck into France anyway
● Miracle of Dunkirk - Last remaining port in France
● This was the only way out for English and French soldiers
● Germany was supposed to attack but Hitler ordered them to stop○ No one knows why○ This delay allowed hundreds
of thousands British and French soldiers to evacuate - saved lives!
Battle of Britain● Air battle lasting months● During the air battle, Germany accidentally
bombed London and it was seen as an attack on civilians
● Made Great Britain very angry; they bombed Berlin
● Hitler grew angry - Bombing on London● Radar - The british could detect incoming
German aircrafts● Great Britain won!● Winston Churchill - Prime Minister of
Britain
Hitler’s Propaganda and Nazi Ideology● Blamed the Jews for
their loss in WWI● Believed the German
race was superior and should take over and enslave the Slavic peoples (Polish, Russian, etc…) because they were inferior
The Holocaust● Rampant racism against Jews● Jews were first identified (Star of David) and stripped of their rights
○ Nuremberg Laws - took citizenship away from German Jews○ Moved from homes to segregated neighborhoods called ghettos○ Eventually taken to concentration camps
● In total…millions of people were killed throughout Europe
Kristallnacht -”Night of Broken glass”● A night of anti-Jewish violence ● Broken glass littered the streets afterward● Police were ordered not to intervene
○ 90 Jews died○ Hundred were badly injured○ Thousands were terrorized○ 7,500 businesses were destroyed○ 180 synagogues destroyed○ The government took the insurance
payments these businesses would have received
○ 20,000 wealthy Jews were arrested and forced to emigrate and surrender everything they owned
Jews did attempt to leave… but...● Many countries limited immigration and set quotes… why?
○ Nazi’s did not allow Jews to take more than $4 out of Germany○ American immigration laws did not allow anyone in if they were likely going to end
up needing financial support of the government○ High unemployment made some Americans not want to allow immigrants in
because there weren’t enough jobs to go around○ Some Americans held anti-semitic views (racist against Jews)○ Latin American countries and the US all denied access to Jews who had forged or
illegally bought documents
The Final Solution● Germany’s “solution to the Jew problem” was a mass killing in extermination
camps… quicker than how they did it before
Concentration Camp:
Detention centers where
“healthy” people would work as slave laborers until they died of
disease, exhaustion
and malnutrition
Extermination Camp:
Often attached to
concentration camps where people would
be executed in massive gas
chambers
America enters the war...● The U.S. had been neutral but had aided Great Britain any way it could
● Atlantic Charter - committed the United States and Great Britain to a postwar world of:
Democracy Nonaggression Free Trade Economic Advancement Freedom of the Seas
Neutrality Act of 1939Warring nation can only buy weapons from the US if they pay cash in full up front
Destroyers-for-bases US Navy destroyers were transferred to the Royal Navy from the United States Navy in exchange for land rights
Lend-Lease ActThe US can lease weapons to any country that is “vital to defense of America”
Hemispheric Defense ZoneEntire western half of the Atlantic was part of the Western Hemisphere and therefore neutral
Pearl Harbor● German U-Boat attacks against American ships
caused a “shoot on sight” policy towards German submarines
● But it was ultimately Japan, not Germany, that got the U.S. involved in the war…
● Japan bombed Pearl Harbor○ Why?
■ 1. Need for more resources ■ 2. Restrictions on trading■ 3. Expansion in the pacific
U.S. declares war on Japan on Dec. 7th, 1941.Germany and Italy then declared war on the U.S.