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DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 026 786 EC 003 433
Design for All Americans. A Report of the National Commission on Architectural Barriers to Rehabditation ofthe Handicapped.
Rehabilitation Services Administration (DHEW), Washington, D.C.Pub Date Dec 67Note-59p.; A report of the National Commission on Architectural Barriers to the Rehabilitation of theHandicapped.
Available from-Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 ($0.50).EDRS Price MF-$0.50 HC Not Available from EDRS.Descriptors-Architecture, Building Design, Design Needs, *Exceptional Child Education, *Facilities, FacilityGuidelines, Facility Requirements, Government (Administrative Body), Handicapped, Legislation, *PhysicallyHandrcapped, Publicize, Research Needs, Senior Citizens, Standards
The need for environmental improvement to benefit the handicapped and theelderly is stated and the following are detailed: priorities for action, the lack of publicawareness, progress to date, and reasons why the problem of architectural barrierspersists. Listings are provided of the Commission's recommendations for legislation,research and demonstrations, education and information, and other areas.Appendixes name the witnesses before the Commission and members of the federalgcnernment liaison group; report on federal, state, and local efforts to eliminatearchitectural barriers; compare building codes with the American StandardsAssociation Specifications; relate the report of the AmeriCan Institute of Architects.Potomac Valley Chapter, on barrier free architecture; provide a checklist ofpublications relating to architectural planning for the physically handicapped; and citeselected references on architectural planning. The transmittal letter and roster ofCommission members are included. (JD)
CO
NT
EN
TS
Xs-
Tra
nsm
ittal
Let
ter,
p.i
i
Com
mis
sion
Mem
bers
, p.i
i
Intr
oduc
tion,
p. 1
Prio
ritie
s fo
r A
ctio
n, p
.2
The
Sen
sitiv
ity G
ap, p
.3
Prog
ress
to D
ate,
p. 5
Why
the
Prob
lem
Pers
ists
, p. 8
The
Com
mis
sion
'sR
ecom
men
datio
nsL
egis
latio
n, p
. 12
Res
earc
h an
d D
emon
stra
tions
,p.1
4E
duca
tion
and
Info
rmat
ion,
p.
16
Add
ition
al R
ecom
men
datio
ns, p
.19
App
endi
ces
1. W
itnes
ses
in O
rder
of A
ppea
ranc
e, p
. 21
Fede
ral G
over
nmen
t Lia
ison
Gro
up2.
Rep
ort o
f th
e Fe
dera
lAge
ncie
s in
Elim
inat
ing
Arc
hite
ctur
al B
arri
ers
inG
over
nmen
t Bui
ldin
gs, p
.23
3. S
tate
and
Loc
alE
ffor
ts to
Elim
inat
e A
rchi
tect
ural
Bar
rier
s, p
. 33
4. C
ompa
riso
n of
the
Four
Maj
or N
atio
nalB
uild
ing
Cod
es
with
the
Am
eric
an S
tand
ards
Ass
ocia
tion
Spec
ific
atio
ns, p
.41
5. B
arri
er F
ree
Arc
hite
ctur
e, p
. 42
6. A
Che
cklis
t of
Publ
icat
ions
Rel
atin
g to
Arc
hite
ctur
al P
lann
ing
for
the
Phys
ical
lyH
andi
capp
ed, p
. 48
7. S
elec
ted
Ref
eren
ces
onA
rchi
tect
ural
Pla
nnin
g, p
.53
Reh
abili
tatio
n Se
rvic
esA
dmin
istr
atio
nSo
cial
and
Reh
abili
tatio
nSe
rvic
e
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
,E
duca
tion,
and
Wel
fare
Dec
embe
r, 1
967
AIA
N 2
3 1
969
A R
epor
t of
the
Nat
iona
l Com
mis
sion
on
Arc
hite
ctur
al B
arri
ers
toR
ehab
ilita
tion
ofth
e H
andi
capp
ed
DE
SIG
N
U S
DE
A T
ME
NT
OF
HE
ALT
H, E
DU
CA
TIO
N &
WE
LFA
RE
OF
FIC
E O
f ED
UC
AT
ION
TH
IS D
OC
UM
EN
T H
AS
BE
EN
RE
PR
OD
UC
ED
LIA
CT
LY A
S R
EC
EIV
ED
FR
OM
TH
E
PE
RS
ON
OR
OR
GA
NIZ
AT
ION
OR
IGIN
AT
ING
IT.
PO
INT
S O
F V
IEW
OR
OP
INIO
NS
ST
AT
ED
DO
NO
T N
EC
ES
SA
RIL
Y R
EP
RE
SE
NT
OF
FIC
IAL
OF
/ICE
Of E
DU
CA
TIO
N
PO
SIT
ION
OR
PO
LIC
Y
ORA
LL
ME
RIC
AN
SFo
r sa
le b
y th
e Su
peri
nten
dent
of
Doc
umen
ts, U
.S.
Gov
ernm
ent P
rint
ing
Off
ice
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
. 204
02 -
Pri
ce 5
0 ce
nts
ear
Mr.
Sec
reta
ry:
The
Nat
iona
l Com
mis
sion
on
Arc
hite
ctur
alB
arri
ers
whi
ch y
ou a
ppoi
nted
in A
pril
1966
,ha
s co
mpl
eted
its
repo
rt in
acc
orda
nce
with
its
legi
slat
ive
man
date
and
you
r ch
arge
:
"To
dete
rmin
e ho
w a
nd to
wha
t ext
ent
arch
itec-
tura
l bar
rier
s im
pede
acc
ess
to o
r us
eof
fac
ilitie
s
in b
uild
ings
of
all t
ypes
by
the
hand
icap
ped
;
"To
dete
rmin
e w
hat i
s be
ing
done
toel
imin
ate
such
bar
rier
s fr
om e
xist
ing
build
ings
and
topr
even
tth
eir
inco
rpor
atio
n in
to b
uild
ings
con
-st
ruct
ed in
the
futu
re;
"To
prep
are
plan
s an
d pr
opos
als
to a
chie
veth
ego
al o
f re
ady
acce
ss to
and
full
use
of f
acili
ties
inbu
ildin
gs o
f al
l typ
es."
The
con
clus
ions
and
rec
omm
enda
tions
ear
lier
pres
ente
d in
an
inte
rim
rep
orth
i con
nect
ion
with
Fede
ral l
egis
latio
n ha
ve b
een
inco
rpor
ated
in th
isre
port
inor
der
to p
rese
nt a
com
plet
e st
atem
ent
of th
e C
omm
issi
on's
wor
k an
d re
com
men
datio
ns.
In p
ursu
ing
its c
halle
ngin
g as
sign
men
t, th
eC
omm
issi
on h
as r
ecei
ved
full
supp
ort a
nd c
o-op
erat
ion
from
the
Reh
abili
tatio
n Se
rvic
es A
d-m
inis
trat
ion
and
othe
r un
its o
f th
e D
epar
tmen
tof
Hea
lth, E
duca
tion,
and
Wel
fare
and
fro
m a
llot
her
Fede
ral a
genc
ies
it ha
s ca
lled
upon
. Par
-tic
ular
ly n
otab
le h
as b
een
the
help
of
the
Gen
eral
Serv
ices
Adm
inis
trat
ion
and
the
Pres
iden
t's C
om-
mitt
eeon
Em
ploy
men
tof
the
Han
dica
pped
.T
he in
form
atio
n an
d ex
peri
ence
of
volu
n t.r
y
grou
ps (
espe
cial
lyth
ose
orga
nize
d sp
ecif
ical
ly b
yor
for
the
hand
icap
ped
and
aged
) , s
ever
al u
ni-
vers
ities
, var
ious
pro
fess
iona
l org
aniz
atio
ns,
and
Stat
e an
d lo
cal g
over
nmen
t off
icia
ls h
ave
also
aide
d th
e C
omm
issi
on in
man
y w
ays.
The
Com
mis
sion
's m
ajor
act
iviti
es in
dev
elop
-in
g th
is r
epor
t inc
lude
:
Nin
e 2-
day
mee
tings
, hel
d in
sev
eral
sec
tions
of th
e co
untr
y, to
get
fir
st h
and
know
ledg
eof
curr
ent p
robl
ems
and
prog
ram
s.
Hea
ring
s, a
ddre
ssed
by
44 e
xper
ts o
ndi
ffer
ent
face
ts o
f th
e pr
oble
m to
obt
ain
a cr
oss
sect
ion
of n
atio
nal e
xper
ienc
e an
d op
inio
n.
Arr
ange
men
ts f
or s
peci
al s
tudi
esin
clud
ing
aco
mpr
ehen
sive
stu
dy o
f St
ate
and
loca
l pro
-
gram
s by
the
Nat
iona
l Lea
gue
of C
ities
and
ast
udy
of a
rchi
tect
s' a
ttitu
des
and
actio
ns b
yth
e A
mer
ican
Ins
titut
e of
Arc
hite
ctst
o ev
al-
uate
the
exte
nt o
f th
e pr
oble
man
d th
e ad
di-
tiona
l mea
sure
s ne
eded
to c
ope
with
it.
Arr
ange
men
ts f
or a
nat
ionw
ide
publ
ic o
pini
on
poll.
Con
sulta
tion
with
a g
reat
man
y Fe
dera
l, St
ate,
and
loca
l off
icia
ls.
Part
icip
atio
n in
con
gres
sion
al h
eari
ngs,
held
by
subc
omm
ittee
s of
the
Hou
se a
nd S
enat
e C
om-
mitt
ees
on P
ublic
Wor
ks, o
n Fe
dera
l leg
isla
tion
to e
limin
ate
barr
iers
in p
ublic
bui
ldin
gs.
From
the
wea
lth o
f da
ta a
nd c
onst
ruct
ive
sug-
gest
ions
mad
e av
aila
ble
to th
eC
omm
issi
on in
thes
e an
d ot
her
way
s, w
e ha
ve p
repa
red
this
repo
rt.
The
rec
omm
enda
tions
whi
ch th
e C
omm
issi
onco
nsid
ers
mer
it hi
ghes
t pri
ority
for
act
ions
are
sum
mar
ized
on
the
firs
t pag
es. T
hese
and
oth
erre
com
men
datio
ns a
re d
iscu
ssed
in m
ore
deta
ilin
the
reco
mm
enda
tions
sec
tion
of th
e re
port
unde
r th
ree
broa
d gr
oupi
ngs:
legi
slat
ion,
re-
sear
ch a
nd d
emon
stra
tions
; edu
catio
n an
d in
for-
0
r
mat
ion.
A v
arie
ty o
f re
com
men
datio
nsw
hich
do
not f
all w
ithin
thee
& th
ree
grou
ping
sco
nstit
ute
the
four
th p
art o
f th
e re
com
men
datio
ns s
ectio
n.A
t you
r co
nven
ienc
e, w
e sh
all b
e gl
ad to
dis-
cuss
the
repo
rt w
ith y
ouan
d M
iss
Mar
y E
.Sw
itzer
, Adm
inis
trat
or o
f th
e So
cial
and
Reh
a-bi
litat
ion
Serv
ice,
who
se c
oope
ratio
n ha
s be
en o
fin
estim
able
val
ue th
roug
hout
the
Com
mis
sion
's
stud
y.Si
ncer
ely
your
s,
LE
ON
CaN
raL
AIN
, Jr,
Cha
irm
an.
Cha
rles
E. C
anif
fJo
hn A
lfre
d C
inqu
eman
iR
ober
t Die
tzH
eyw
ard
E. M
cDon
ald
Car
l A. M
orri
ng, J
r.M
n. C
onch
a O
rtiz
y P
ino
de K
ieva
nH
onor
able
H. T
ed R
ubin
Paul
Son
nabe
ndT
hom
as A
. Ste
in -
Joy
0. T
alle
yE
ugen
e J.
Tay
lor
Lor
enzo
D. W
illia
ms
Edw
ard
P. E
ichl
er (
resi
gned
196
6)H
ecto
r Pe
rez
Gar
cia
(res
igne
d 19
66)
EX
EC
UT
IVE
SE
CR
ET
AR
IAT
Mrs
. Kat
hale
en C
. Arn
eson
Mrs
. Bar
bara
Con
away
c,
z
INT
RO
DU
CT
ION
In 1
957,
Hug
o D
effn
er o
f O
klah
oma
City
was
nam
ed "
Han
dica
pped
Am
eric
an o
f th
e Y
ear"
for
his
one-
man
cru
sade
aga
inst
the
unne
cess
ary
barr
iers
that
pre
vent
ed h
im f
rom
mov
ing
free
lyab
out i
n hi
s co
mm
unity
. But
two
Mar
ines
had
toca
rry
him
to th
e st
age
of th
e Fe
dera
l bui
ldin
gw
here
he
was
to r
ecei
ve h
is a
war
d!D
urin
g th
e de
cade
that
has
ela
psed
sin
ce th
en,
the
pres
sure
s fo
r cr
eatin
g a
mor
e liv
able
env
iron
-m
ent h
ave
mou
nted
. Not
onl
y th
e ha
ndic
appe
dbu
t all
Am
eric
ans
are
dem
andi
ng e
nvir
onm
enta
lim
prov
emen
t. A
ir a
nd w
ater
pol
lutio
n, s
lum
hous
ing,
uns
afe
stre
ets
and
high
way
s ha
ve b
e-co
me
the
them
es o
f co
untle
ss c
onfe
renc
es.
The
crea
tion
of m
odel
citi
es h
as b
ecom
e a
natio
nal
goal
, bac
ked
by F
eder
al le
gisl
atio
n an
d fu
nds.
Env
iron
men
tal i
mpr
ovem
ent i
s in
deed
"an
idea
who
se ti
me
has
com
e."
A v
ital p
art o
f su
ch im
prov
emen
t mus
t be
for
the
bene
fit o
f th
e gr
owin
g pr
opor
tion
of h
andi
-ca
pped
and
eld
erly
peo
ple
in o
ur p
opul
atio
n.T
wo
fact
s un
ders
core
the
need
:M
ore
build
ings
, acc
ordi
ng to
the
Am
eric
anIn
stitu
te o
f A
rchi
tect
s, w
ill b
e bu
ilt in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es b
etw
een
now
and
the
year
200
0th
an w
ere
built
her
e in
the
near
ly f
ive
cent
urie
ssi
nce
Col
umbu
s di
scov
ered
Am
eric
a.D
ue to
med
ical
and
reh
abili
tatio
n ad
vanc
es,
the
num
ber
of a
ged
and
disa
bled
peo
ple
in th
epo
pula
tion
is s
tead
ily in
crea
sing
and
few
er o
fth
em a
re h
ouse
boun
d.
Inev
itabl
y, th
ere
will
be
mor
e ha
ndic
appe
dpe
ople
and
they
will
nee
d m
ore
build
ings
to u
sein
com
mon
with
eve
ryon
e el
se. T
here
fore
, now
isth
e tim
e to
infl
uenc
e th
e de
cisi
onm
aker
s w
hopl
an f
or, d
esig
n, f
inan
ce, a
nd c
ontr
ol c
onst
ruc-
tion
of th
e bu
ildin
gs, r
ecre
atio
nal a
reas
, and
equi
pmen
t tha
t will
be
used
in th
e ye
ars
ahea
d.N
ow is
the
time
for
natio
nal d
ecis
ion
so th
at o
ursc
hool
s, li
brar
ies,
hos
pita
ls, a
rt g
alle
ries
, the
ater
s,st
adiu
ms,
dor
mito
ries
, res
iden
ces,
and
tran
spor
-ta
tion
syst
ems
will
be
acce
ssib
le to
all.
Ear
ly a
ctio
n on
the
reco
mm
enda
tions
in th
isre
port
is e
ssen
tial i
f th
e ob
ject
ive
of u
sabl
e fa
cili-
ties
for
all t
he p
eopl
e is
to b
e re
aliz
ed in
the
near
futu
re. T
he s
usta
ined
inte
rest
of
natio
nal a
ndlo
cal l
eade
rs, i
nclu
ding
legi
slat
ors,
pub
lic a
dmin
-is
trat
ors,
bus
ines
s le
ader
s, a
rchi
tect
s, a
nd e
du-
cato
rs is
ess
entia
l to
a su
cces
sful
eff
ort.
1,4
'111
;-0,
!fili
t.41K
.
Hug
o D
effn
er, P
ione
er A
gain
st A
rchi
-te
ctur
al B
arri
ers,
Cou
ld N
ot E
nter
the
Nat
ion'
s C
apito
l Ten
Yea
rs A
go
p.
PRIO
RIT
IES
FOR
AC
TIO
N
The
mod
ern
man
-mad
e en
viro
nmen
tis
de-
sign
ed f
or th
e yo
ung
and
heal
thy.
Yet
alm
ost
ever
yone
, soo
ner
orla
ter,
is h
andi
capp
ed b
y a
chro
nic
or te
mpo
rary
dis
abili
ty o
rby
the
infi
rmi-
ties
of o
ld a
ge. B
y de
sign
ing
for
the
idea
l hum
anbo
dy, w
e ba
r re
al p
eopl
e fr
omge
tting
an
educ
a-tio
n, e
arni
ng a
livi
ng, b
ecom
ing
a pa
rtof
act
ive
com
mun
ity li
fe. M
ore
than
20
mill
ion
Am
eric
ans
are
built
out
of n
orm
al li
ving
by
unne
cess
ary
barr
iers
:a
stai
rway
, a to
o-na
rrow
door
, a to
o-hi
gh te
leph
one.
At t
he r
ight
mom
ent,
thei
r ne
eds
wer
e ov
erlo
oked
.In
tim
e, th
e la
st v
estig
es o
f su
chth
ough
tless
ness
will
dis
appe
ar f
rom
the
Am
eric
an
scen
e. T
o sp
eed
the
Nat
ion
tow
ard
that
goa
l,th
e C
omm
issi
on o
ffer
s a
seri
es o
fre
com
men
da-
tions
in th
is r
epor
t. T
hose
of
maj
orim
port
ance
for
imm
edia
te a
ctio
n ar
e :
1. E
nact
men
t of
Fede
ral
legi
slat
ion
requ
irin
gth
at a
ll ne
w p
ublic
bui
ldin
gs a
ndfa
cilit
ies
whi
ch
are
inte
nded
for
use
by th
e pu
blic
mus
t be
de-
sign
edto
acc
omm
odat
e th
eel
derl
y an
d th
eha
ndic
appe
d if
any
Fed
eral
fun
ds a
reus
ed in
thei
r co
nstr
uctio
n.2.
Iss
uanc
e of
an
Exe
cutiv
e or
der
toap
ply
acce
ssib
ility
sta
ndar
ds to
new
con
stru
ctio
nan
d di
-
rect
ing
all F
eder
al a
genc
ies
to p
lan
and
budg
etfo
r fe
asib
le c
hang
es in
thei
r ex
istin
gbu
ildin
gs a
nd
faci
litie
s.
3. E
nact
men
t or
revi
sion
of
Stat
ele
gisl
atio
n
to r
equi
re th
at S
tate
and
loca
l bui
ldin
gs c
on-
stru
cted
with
pub
lic f
unds
mee
tac
cess
ibili
ty
stan
dard
s an
d to
incl
ude
stro
ngen
forc
emen
t
prov
isio
ns.
4. R
evis
ion
of a
ll bu
ildin
g co
des
soth
at in
-du
stri
es, s
hops
, and
oth
er p
riva
tely
ow
ned
stru
c-tu
res
used
by
the
publ
icw
ill b
e bu
ilt f
or a
cces
si-
bilit
y in
the
futu
re a
nd s
o th
at,
whe
n ex
istin
gbu
ildin
gs a
re r
enov
ated
, fea
sibl
eim
prov
emen
ts in
acce
ssib
ility
will
be
mad
e.5.
Ass
ignm
ent o
f re
spon
sibi
lity
and
reso
urce
sto
spe
cifi
c un
its o
f Fe
dera
l,St
ate,
and
loca
l gov
-er
nmen
ts to
adm
inis
ter
the
acce
ssib
ility
legi
sla-
tion,
to c
ondu
ct a
nd/o
r su
ppor
tre
sear
ch a
ndde
mon
stra
tions
, and
to w
ork
with
vol
unta
ry, p
ro-
fess
iona
l, bu
sine
ss a
nd in
dust
rial
orga
niza
tions
to th
e en
d th
at a
llbu
ildin
gs a
nd f
acili
ties
used
by th
e pe
ople
of
ever
y co
mm
unity
will
be
read
ilyac
cess
ible
to e
lder
ly a
nd h
andi
capp
edpe
ople
.
6. E
xpan
sion
of
publ
ic a
ndpr
ivat
ely
sup-
port
ed e
duca
tion
and
info
rmat
ion
prog
ram
s so
that
no
long
er, m
erel
y th
roug
hth
ough
tless
ness
,w
ill m
illio
ns o
f ci
tizen
s be
una
ble
to u
sebu
ild-
ings
, par
ks, a
nd o
ther
faci
litie
s.
IMO
TH
ESE
NSI
TIV
ITY
GA
P
A r
ecen
t pub
lic o
pini
on p
oll r
evea
led
that
64
perc
ent o
f th
e A
mer
ican
peo
ple
had
not t
houg
hten
ough
abo
ut h
ow th
e ha
ndic
appe
d m
anag
e to
get a
roun
d in
thei
r co
mm
uniti
es to
real
ize
that
a se
riou
s pr
oble
mex
ists
. The
y w
ere
unaw
are
that
: The
gre
ates
t sin
gle
obst
acle
to e
mpl
oym
ent f
orth
e ha
ndic
appe
d is
the
phys
ical
des
ign
of th
ebu
ildin
gs a
nd f
acili
ties
they
mus
t use
.
One
out
of
10 p
erso
ns h
as s
ome
disa
bilit
yw
hich
pre
vent
s hi
m f
rom
usi
ng b
uild
ings
and
faci
litie
s de
sign
ed o
nly
for
the
phys
ical
ly f
it.A
mon
g th
is o
ne-t
enth
of
the
popu
latio
n ar
e 2
mill
ion
child
ren
with
ort
hope
dic
hand
icap
s;m
illio
ns o
f ad
ults
who
are
enf
eebl
ed b
y ag
e or
who
hav
e he
art d
isea
se, a
rthr
itis,
dea
fnes
s,bl
indn
ess,
and
oth
er c
hron
ic d
isab
ilitie
s. O
ver
and
beyo
nd th
e ha
ndic
appe
d on
e-te
nth
of th
eN
atio
n ar
e th
e m
illio
ns te
mpo
rari
ly d
isab
led
byac
cide
nts
who
cou
ld r
etur
n to
sch
ool o
r w
ork
soon
er if
bui
ldin
gs w
ere
desi
gned
for
acce
ssi-
bilit
y.
In e
very
com
mun
ity, v
irtu
ally
all
of th
e bu
ild-
ings
and
fac
ilitie
s m
ost c
omm
only
use
d by
the
publ
ic h
ave
feat
ures
that
bar
the
hand
icap
ped.
The
mos
t com
mon
cau
ses
of in
acce
ssib
ility
are
due
entir
ely
to f
ailu
re to
thin
k of
the
need
s of
the
hand
icap
ped
at th
e de
sign
and
pla
nnin
gst
age.
The
y in
clud
e:St
eps
and
curb
sIn
acce
ssib
le e
leva
tors
Stee
p an
d na
rrow
wal
ks; g
ratin
gs in
wal
k-w
ays
Doo
rs th
at a
re to
o na
rrow
, rev
olve
, or
are
hard
to o
pen
Lac
k of
par
king
spa
ces
rese
rved
for
the
hand
icap
ped
and
desi
gned
for
thei
r us
eL
ack
of a
ccom
mod
atio
ns f
or w
heel
chai
rs in
thea
ters
, sta
dium
s, a
nd o
ther
pub
lic g
ath-
erin
g pl
aces
Too
-nar
row
ais
les
in c
afet
eria
s, r
esta
uran
ts,
libra
ries
, aud
itori
ums,
etc
.T
oo-s
mal
l pub
lic to
ilet s
talls
and
tele
phon
ebo
oths
Too
-hig
h te
leph
ones
, dri
nkin
g fo
unta
ins,
vend
ing
mac
hine
s, li
ght s
witc
hes,
fire
alar
ms
New
fac
ilitie
s bu
ilt a
nd e
quip
ped
to a
ccom
-m
odat
e th
e ha
ndic
appe
d co
st li
ttle
or n
o m
ore
to c
onst
ruct
than
bui
ldin
gsde
sign
ed o
nly
for
the
able
bod
ied.
Man
y ol
d bu
ildin
gs c
ould
hav
e so
me
ofth
eir
barr
iers
rem
oved
at n
omin
al c
ost.
A f
resh
res
ervo
ir o
f co
mpe
tent
em
ploy
ees
can
ofte
n be
tapp
ed o
r ne
w c
usto
mer
s ob
tain
ed b
yad
ding
just
a f
ew a
cces
sibi
lity
feat
ures
suc
h as
:
Han
d ra
ilsA
gro
und-
leve
l mai
n en
tran
ce o
r ra
mp
Step
s th
at a
re r
ound
ed in
stea
d of
squa
red
at th
e ed
ges
Doo
rs th
at o
pen
auto
mat
ical
lyR
aise
d le
ttc:s
and
num
bers
on
door
s an
din
elev
ator
s so
that
the
blin
d ca
n re
ad th
emD
ange
r si
gnal
squ
ippe
d w
ith li
ght a
s w
ell
as s
ound
so
that
the
deaf
will
be
war
ned 3
An
open
boo
th w
ith a
low
-pla
ced
tele
phon
e
One
or
mor
e w
ide
toile
t sta
lls w
ith g
rab
rails
Non
slip
flo
orin
g
Man
y im
prov
emen
tsm
ade
to a
ccom
mod
ate
the
hand
icap
ped
also
add
to th
e sa
fety
and
conv
enie
nce
of th
e ab
lebo
died
.
Any
bui
ldin
g ca
nbe
mad
e ac
cess
ible
to th
eha
ndic
appe
d w
ithlit
tle o
r no
loss
of
spac
ean
d
with
out d
etra
ctin
g fr
om it
sus
eful
ness
for
the
able
bod
ied.
The
Ris
ing
Cos
tof
Tho
ught
less
ness
In b
oth
hum
an a
nd d
olla
r te
rms,
this
Nat
ion
will
pay
an
ever
-inc
reas
ing
pric
eif
it c
ontin
ues
to c
reat
e an
env
iron
men
tin
whi
ch o
nly
the
able
bodi
ed c
an th
rive
.E
very
yea
r, 1
00,0
00ba
bies
are
add
ed to
the
popu
latio
n w
ho a
rebo
rn w
ith th
e ki
nds
of d
e-fe
cts
that
will
req
uire
them
to u
secr
atch
es,
brac
es, o
r w
heel
chai
rsal
l the
ir li
ves.
In
the
past
,fe
wer
suc
h ba
bies
live
d. F
or th
ose
who
did
, and
for
othe
r ha
ndic
appe
d ch
ildre
n, s
peci
alan
d
cost
ly in
stitu
tions
, sch
ools
,an
d cl
assr
oom
s w
ere
cons
truc
ted.
The
Uni
vers
ity o
fIlli
nois
has
fou
nd
that
60
perc
ent o
f its
han
dica
pped
stud
ents
at-
tend
ed s
peci
al g
rade
and
hig
hsc
hool
s or
gre
w u
p
in in
stitu
tions
for
the
hand
icap
ped.
The
inhu
man
e an
d co
stly
pra
ctic
eof
trea
ting
child
ren
with
han
dica
ps a
s an
isol
ated
gro
upw
ill h
ave
to b
e ex
pand
edun
less
acc
essi
bilit
y is
mad
e an
inte
gral
par
t of
all d
esig
n.E
very
yea
r, th
etr
affi
c to
ll m
ount
s. I
t is
esti-
mat
ed th
at a
t the
pre
sent
tim
eth
ere
are
abou
t
125,
000
para
pleg
ics
inth
e U
nite
d St
ates
. Dur
ing
the
next
10
year
s th
ere
will
be
incr
easi
ngnu
m-
bers
of
traf
fic
acci
dent
vic
tims
who
beco
me
per-
4
man
ently
dis
able
d.T
he n
umbe
r of
war
vet
eran
sw
ho m
ust u
se
whe
elch
airs
is a
lso
incr
easi
ng,
both
bec
ause
the
natu
re o
f th
e w
arin
Vie
tnam
with
its
land
-
min
es a
nd b
ooby
trap
sres
ults
in p
ropo
rtio
nate
ly
mor
e cr
ippl
ing
wou
nds
and
beca
use
med
ical
ad-
vanc
es e
nabl
e In
tre
men
to li
ve. I
n W
orld
War
I, o
nly
400
men
with
wou
nds
that
par
alyz
edth
em f
rom
the
wai
stdo
wn
surv
ived
at a
ll,an
d
90 p
erce
nt o
f th
emdi
ed b
efor
e th
eyre
ache
d
hom
e. I
n W
orld
War
II,
2,0
00pa
rapl
egic
s liv
edan
d 1,
700
of th
em a
real
ive
toda
y.
If th
ese
and
othe
r se
riou
sly
disa
bled
Am
eri-
cans
are
toha
ve a
rea
l fut
ure,
the
whe
elch
air
not t
he a
thle
te's
legm
ust
beco
me
the
gaug
e of
acce
ssib
ility
.In
spi
te o
f th
e ha
lfbi
llion
tax
dolla
rs in
vest
ed
annu
ally
inth
e vo
catio
nal r
ehab
ilita
tion
of th
e
disa
bled
, hun
dred
sof
dis
able
d m
en a
nd w
omen
find
thei
r pa
th to
inde
pend
ence
bloc
ked
by m
an-
mad
e ba
rrie
rs. T
heir
ardu
ous
effo
rts
to q
ualif
yfo
r w
ork
wer
e in
vai
n an
dth
e ai
d th
ey r
ecei
ved
only
add
ed to
thei
r fr
ustr
atio
n.
Eve
ry d
ay, 1
,000
Am
eric
ans
pass
thei
r 65
thbi
rthd
ay a
nd e
nter
the
peri
Od
wFe
n st
roke
s,ar
th-
ritis
, and
oth
er c
ripp
ling
impa
irm
ents
are
mos
t
likel
y to
occ
ur.
No
reha
bilit
atio
n ga
ins
that
can
be a
ntic
ipat
edin
the
fore
seea
ble
futu
rew
ill b
e su
ffic
ient
to p
re-
vent
the
size
of
the
acce
ssib
ility
prob
lem
fro
m
mou
ntin
g.B
ecau
se o
f th
e ob
stac
les
we
have
put
in th
eir
way
,th
e ha
ndic
appe
d to
day
are
ahi
dden
pop
u-
latio
n. O
nly
the
mos
t int
repi
dri
sk th
e da
nger
san
d su
ffer
the
disc
omfo
rts
and
hum
iliat
ions
they
enco
unte
r w
hen
they
try
to li
ve a
nor
mal
, pro
-du
ctiv
e lif
e. M
ost o
fth
e ha
ndic
appe
d ar
e ou
tof
sig
ht. W
ill w
eco
ntin
ue to
put
them
out
of
min
dto
forg
et a
bout
the
child
with
cer
ebra
l
pals
y, th
eho
usew
ife
with
mus
cula
r di
stro
phy,
the
stud
ent w
ith m
ultip
lesc
lero
sis,
the
wor
ker
who
had
to r
etir
e be
caus
eof
a s
trok
e, th
e am
-
pute
efr
om V
ietn
am?
The
se p
eopl
e liv
e am
ong
us. T
hey
have
hop
es;
taie
nts,
am
bitio
nslik
e th
e re
st o
f us
. The
ir n
um-
ber
is g
row
ing
ever
y da
y.
4
=
PRO
GR
ESS
TO
DA
TE
Con
side
ring
that
wor
k on
the
"arc
hite
ctur
alba
rrie
rs"
prob
lem
, as
it is
cal
led
by th
egr
owin
gba
nd o
f ci
tizen
s w
ho a
re c
once
rned
abo
utit,
be-
gan
only
a f
ew y
ears
ago
,im
pres
sive
pro
gres
s ha
s
been
mad
e.
Gui
de f
or P
ublic
Bui
ldin
gs
In 1
958,
just
a y
ear
afte
r H
ugo
Def
fner
re-
ceiv
ed h
is a
war
d fo
r pi
onee
ring
in th
is f
ield
, an
ad h
oc g
roup
of
the
Pres
iden
t's C
omm
ittee
on
Em
ploy
men
t of
the
Han
dica
pped
, with
the
help
of th
e V
eter
ans'
Adm
inis
trat
ion,
dra
fted
agu
ide
on f
acili
ties
need
ed to
enab
le th
e ha
ndic
appe
dto
ent
er a
nd u
se p
ublic
bui
ldin
gs.T
he L
abor
De-
part
men
t im
med
iate
ly s
pons
ored
the
guid
e an
dse
nt p
rint
ed c
opie
s to
all
Stat
eem
ploy
men
t age
n-ci
es. T
his
mar
ked
the
begi
nnin
g of
the
natio
n-w
ide
driv
e to
rem
ove
arch
itect
ural
bar
rier
s.
Stan
dard
s fo
r A
cces
sibi
lity
The
mos
t sig
nifi
cant
adv
ance
of
all b
egan
less
than
a y
ear
late
r. A
spe
cial
com
mitt
ee o
fth
eU
nite
d St
ates
of
Am
eric
a St
anda
rds
Inst
itute
,'sp
onso
red
by th
e Pr
esid
ent's
Com
mitt
ee o
n E
m-
ploy
men
t of
the
Han
dica
pped
and
the
Nat
iona
lE
aste
r Se
al S
ocie
ty f
or C
ripp
led
Chi
ldre
nan
d
1 T
hen
calle
d th
e A
mer
ican
Sta
ndax
ds A
ssoc
iatio
n.
Adu
lts, c
alle
d a
natio
nal c
onfe
renc
e at
whi
chre
pres
enta
tives
of
prof
essi
onal
and
trad
e as
soci
a-tio
ns a
nd o
ther
org
aniz
atio
ns c
once
rned
with
the
prob
lem
met
with
Fed
eral
off
icia
ls.
Out
of
this
conf
eren
ce c
ame
the
plan
to d
evel
op a
set
ofsp
ecif
icat
ions
that
wou
ld a
ssur
e ac
cess
ibili
ty to
the
hand
icap
ped.
By
1961
, thi
s ta
sk w
as c
ompl
eted
."S
peci
fica
-tio
ns f
or M
akin
g B
uild
ings
and
Fac
ilitie
sA
c-
cess
ible
to a
nd U
sabl
e by
the
Phys
ical
lyH
andi
-ca
pped
" w
as is
sued
by
the
Uni
ted
Stat
esof
Am
eric
a St
anda
rds
Inst
itute
. It w
asim
med
iate
lyap
prov
ed b
y th
e 75
org
aniz
atio
ns th
at h
adbe
enre
pres
ente
d at
the
plan
ning
con
fere
nce.
The
docu
men
t spe
lled
out,
in p
reci
se a
ndpr
actic
alte
rms,
the
min
imal
fea
ture
sre
quir
ed to
rem
ove
the
maj
or b
arri
ers
that
pre
vent
man
y pe
rson
sfr
om u
sing
bui
ldin
gs a
nd f
acili
ties.
The
Com
-m
issi
on, i
n co
mm
on w
ith o
ther
aut
hori
ties
who
have
stu
died
and
use
d th
e st
anda
rd, h
asfo
und
that
com
plia
nce
with
this
sta
ndar
d is
nei
ther
ex-
cess
ivel
y de
man
ding
nor
cos
tly.
Am
ong
the
man
y gr
oups
that
pro
mpt
ly e
n-
John
Loe
ngar
d, L
ife
Mag
azin
e
Ip
iit
-41M
at
p.
dors
ed it
s us
e w
ere
the
Nat
iona
l Cou
ncil
ofC
hurc
hes,
the
Am
eric
an P
ublic
Hea
lth A
ssoc
ia-
tion,
the
Soci
ety
of I
ndus
tria
l Rea
ltors
, the
AFL
CIO
, -th
e In
tern
atio
nal A
ssoc
iatio
n of
Gov
ern-
men
t Lab
or O
ffic
ials
, and
the
Ass
ocia
ted
Gen
-er
al C
ontr
acto
rs o
f A
mer
ica.
Ten
s of
thou
sand
s of
cop
ies
of th
e st
anda
rdw
ere
dist
ribu
ted
and,
with
this
pra
ctic
al to
ol a
tha
nd, b
oth
offi
cial
and
vol
unta
ry e
ffor
ts w
ere
acce
lera
ted.
Law
s, O
rdin
ance
s, a
ndO
ther
Off
icia
l Act
ions
Sinc
e th
e is
suan
ce o
f th
e st
anda
rd, 4
4St
ates
have
take
n so
me
kind
of
form
al o
r le
gal
actio
nre
quir
ing
that
pub
lic b
uild
ings
(an
d in
afe
w
case
s pr
ivat
e on
es a
sw
ell)
be
mad
e ac
cess
ible
toth
e pu
blic
. Act
ion
to e
limin
ate
arch
itect
ural
bar-
rier
s is
als
o re
port
ed b
y 95
citi
es w
ith p
opul
atio
nsof
50,
000
and
over
and
by
42m
etro
polit
anco
untie
s.
MT
'
LI
Key
Fed
eral
age
ncie
s, s
uch
as th
e G
ener
alSe
rvic
es A
dmin
istr
atio
n, P
ost O
ffic
e D
epar
tmen
t,V
eter
ans'
Adm
inis
trat
ion,
Dep
artm
ent o
f D
e-fe
nse,
and
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
, Edu
ca-
tion,
and
Wel
fare
hav
e vo
lunt
arily
ado
pted
man
ypr
ovis
ions
of
the
stan
dard
and
are
ask
ing
agen
-ci
es th
at r
ecei
ve g
rant
s fr
om th
em to
do
so.
Vol
unte
er E
ffor
ts
Com
mun
ity in
tere
st in
the
stan
dard
has
bee
nsp
arke
d by
Sta
te a
nd lo
cal c
hapt
ers
of m
any
civi
cgr
oups
incl
udin
g K
iwan
is, R
otar
y,C
ivita
ns,
Cha
mbe
rs o
f C
omm
erce
and
Jay
cees
, Jun
ior
Lea
gue,
Altr
usa,
Fed
erat
ion
of W
omen
's C
lubs
,Ju
nior
Wom
en's
Clu
bs, a
nd n
umer
ous
vete
rans
,un
ion,
and
chu
rch
grou
ps.
Com
mun
ity I
nven
tory
Pro
ject
Ano
ther
spu
r to
com
mun
ity a
ctio
n w
as th
epr
ojec
t cal
led
"Com
mun
ity I
nven
tory
of
Arc
hi-
tect
ural
Bar
rier
s to
the
Han
dica
pped
," jo
intly
laun
ched
, in
1962
, by
the
Nat
iona
l Eas
ter
Seal
Soci
ety
for
Cri
pple
d C
hild
ren
and
Adu
lts a
ndth
e Pr
esid
ent's
Com
mitt
ee o
n E
mpl
oym
ent o
f th
eH
andi
capp
ed. T
hrou
gh th
is p
roje
ct, o
ver
5,00
0bu
ildin
gs in
28
Stat
es a
nd th
e D
istr
ict o
f C
olum
-bi
a w
ere
surv
eyed
. Arc
hite
ctur
al b
arri
ers
com
-m
ittee
s w
ere
orga
nize
d in
at l
east
'30
Stat
es a
nd48
com
mun
ities
.
Dir
ecto
ries
for
the
Han
dica
pped
As
a by
prod
uct o
f th
e in
vent
ory
proj
ect,
di-
rect
orie
s fo
r th
e ha
ndic
appe
d be
gan
to a
ppea
r.T
hey
desc
ribe
arc
hite
ctur
al f
eatu
res
of lo
cal
build
ings
and
fac
ilitie
s so
that
han
dica
pped
peo
-
6X
X.x
xxxi
xt-
ple
will
kno
w ju
st w
hat o
bsta
cles
they
will
en-
coun
ter.
To
date
, 30
com
mun
ities
have
alr
eady
publ
ishe
d su
ch d
irec
tori
es, m
ore
than
a d
ozen
are
know
n to
be
wor
king
on
them
, and
at l
east
25 m
ore
are
plan
ning
to d
o so
. The
Fed
eral
Gov
-er
nmen
t has
rec
ently
pub
lishe
d su
ch a
guid
e fo
rna
tiona
l par
ks a
nd m
onum
ents
, and
som
e ho
tel
and
mot
el c
hain
s an
d or
gani
zatio
ns is
sue
such
dire
ctor
ies
for
hand
icap
red
trav
eler
s.
Act
ion
by U
nive
rsiti
es a
ndC
olle
ges
A f
ew y
ears
ago
, not
a s
ingl
e un
iver
sity
or
col-
lege
in th
e N
atio
n w
as c
ompl
etel
y ac
cess
ible
toth
e ha
ndic
appe
d. T
oday
, the
re a
re a
t lea
st 1
2in
stitu
tions
of
high
er le
arni
ng w
here
a h
andi
-ca
pped
stu
dent
can
mov
e fr
eely
abo
ut th
eca
mpu
s an
d in
mos
t of
the
build
ings
. The
Uni
-ve
rsiti
es o
f Il
linoi
s an
d M
isso
uri a
re o
utst
andi
ngex
ampl
es.
Impa
ct U
pon
Com
mun
ities
The
citi
es o
f U
rban
a an
d C
ham
paig
n, b
oth
ofw
hich
are
adj
acen
t to
the
Uni
vers
ity o
f Il
linoi
s,ha
vefo
llow
edits
exam
ple.
Mos
t of
thei
rch
urch
es, m
otel
s, m
ovie
s, b
owlin
g al
leys
, and
res
-ta
uran
ts a
re n
ow a
cces
sibl
e to
the
hand
icap
ped.
Nas
sau
Cou
nty,
N.Y
., ha
s al
so m
ade
ex-
cept
iona
l pro
gres
s. S
ince
196
3, it
has
put
ram
ps,
hand
rails
, and
oth
er a
cces
sibi
lity
feat
ures
in m
any
of th
e ex
istin
g bu
ildin
gs u
sed
by th
e pu
blic
and
has
requ
ired
acc
essi
bilit
y fo
r al
l new
cou
nty
build
ings
. Its
new
sup
rem
e co
urt b
uild
ing
and
mus
eum
of
natu
ral h
isto
ry a
re f
ully
equ
ippe
d to
be u
sed
by p
eopl
e in
whe
elch
airs
.C
omm
uniti
es th
at g
et F
eder
al f
unds
spe
cifi
-
_SO
UR
NE
M!
cally
for
hou
sing
for
the
elde
rly
and
capp
ed a
re n
ow r
equi
red
to o
bser
vest
anda
rds
whi
ch h
ave
been
issu
ed b
ym
ent o
f H
ousi
ng a
nd U
rban
De
The
se s
tand
ards
incl
ude
acce
ssib
ility
4 the
hand
i-th
e de
sign
the
Dep
art-
velo
pmen
tfe
atur
es.
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
Impr
oved
Alth
ough
tran
spor
tatio
n co
ntin
ues
to b
e th
em
ost s
erio
us p
robl
em e
ncou
nter
edby
the
dis-
able
d, s
ome
prog
ress
has
bee
n m
ade.
The
air
-lin
es h
ave
rece
ntly
est
ablis
hed
spec
ific
cri
teri
afo
r th
e ca
rria
ge o
f th
e ha
ndic
appe
d. T
o an
in-
crea
sing
ext
ent,
it is
bec
omin
g po
ssib
le f
or a
whe
elch
air
pass
enge
r to
rol
l dir
ectly
fro
m th
eai
rpor
t int
o th
e pl
ane.
In
the
airp
orts
them
selv
es,
vest
ibul
es a
nd r
evol
ving
doo
rs a
re d
isap
pear
ing
and
bein
g re
plac
ed b
y ai
r cu
rtai
ns a
nd v
acuu
msy
stem
s or
aut
omat
ic d
oor
equi
pmen
t
Tax
i com
pani
es in
som
e ci
ties
prov
ide
cabs
with
ram
ps. O
ther
s of
fer
a re
gula
rpi
ckup
ser
-vi
ce a
t spe
cifi
ed ti
mes
, with
dri
vers
trai
ned
tohe
lp th
eir
pass
enge
rs a
nd h
andl
ecr
utch
es a
ndw
heel
chai
rs. T
wo
maj
or r
ent-
a-ca
r fi
rms
now
of-
fer
hand
con
trol
led
cars
at n
o ex
tra
char
gein
afe
w la
rge
citie
s.In
the
plan
ning
of
the
futu
re s
ubw
ay s
yste
mw
hich
will
ser
ve th
e W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.,
area
,C
ongr
ess
has
indi
cate
d th
at it
exp
ects
the
sub-
way
to a
ccom
mod
ate
all,
incl
udin
g th
e ag
ed a
nddi
sabl
ed.
Plan
s fo
r th
e hi
gh s
peed
gro
und
tran
spor
tatio
npr
ojec
t, w
hich
will
con
nect
Bos
ton,
New
Yor
k,an
d W
ashi
ngto
n by
rap
id r
ail,
incl
ude
such
feat
ures
as
:le
vel s
tatio
n pl
atfo
rms
to e
limin
ate
step
s to
trai
ns, s
moo
th s
tops
and
sta
rts,
and
lug-
gage
car
ts th
at th
eha
ndic
appe
d ca
n ha
ndle
.T
he F
eder
al H
ighw
ay A
dmin
istr
atio
n is
in-
clud
ing
the
use
of r
amps
for
ped
estr
ian
over
-pa
sses
in it
s ur
ban
desi
gn p
olic
y.
Edu
catio
nal A
ctiv
ities
In 1
966,
the
Stat
e of
Haw
aii p
ione
ered
in
hold
ing
a st
atew
ide
conf
eren
ce. S
pons
ored
by
the
Gov
erno
r an
d th
e St
ate
Hou
se o
fRep
rese
nta-
tives
, it b
roug
ht S
tate
pla
nner
s, a
rchi
tect
s,an
dfi
nanc
iers
toge
ther
with
dis
able
d pe
ople
and
lead
ers
of r
ehab
ilita
tion
and
othe
r pr
ofes
sion
alor
gani
zatio
ns. A
rchi
tect
ural
bar
rier
s w
as th
e so
leth
eme
of th
e co
nfer
ence
.O
ther
con
fere
nces
that
hav
e de
alt e
xclu
sive
lyw
ith th
is p
robl
em in
clud
e an
inst
itute
spo
nsor
edby
the
Nat
iona
l Eas
ter
Seal
Soc
iety
for
Cri
pple
dC
hild
ren
and
Adu
lts in
Chi
cago
in 1
965,
ase
min
ar s
pons
ored
by
the
Stat
e U
nive
rsity
of
New
Yor
k C
onst
ruct
ion
Fund
in N
ew Y
ork
City
in 1
966,
and
, in
Nov
embe
r 19
57, a
con
-
293-
862
0-68
-24-
-
fere
nce
in W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.,
spon
sore
dby
the
Am
eric
an I
nstit
ute
of A
rchi
tect
san
d de
sign
edas
a m
odel
tobe
use
d by
the
Inst
itute
's lo
cal
chap
ters
thro
ugho
ut th
e N
atio
n.Fi
lmst
rips
, slid
es, a
nd p
ublic
atio
ns,
for
both
spec
ial a
nd g
ener
al p
ublic
s, h
ave
beco
me
mor
ean
d m
ore
num
erou
s. A
film
, "So
und
the
Tru
m-
pets
," h
as b
een
prod
uced
for
the
gene
ral p
ublic
by th
e M
inne
sota
Soc
iety
for
Cri
pple
d C
hild
ren
and
Adu
lts. A
how
-to-
do-i
t illu
stra
ted
man
ual,
new
ly p
rodu
ced
by th
e St
ate
Uni
vers
ityof
New
Yor
k C
onst
ruct
ion
Fund
, is
a gu
ide
for
the
cons
truc
tion
of c
olle
ge a
nd u
nive
rsity
faci
litie
s.
How
-to-
do-i
tki
tson
org
aniz
ing
com
mun
ityfa
cilit
ies
wer
e is
sued
by
the
Nat
iona
lE
aste
rSe
al S
ocie
ty f
or C
ripp
led
Chi
ldre
nan
d A
dults
in 1
962
and
1967
.
Cos
t Stu
dies
The
Nat
iona
l Lea
gue
of C
ities
has
rece
ntly
com
plet
ed a
cos
t stu
dy o
f th
ree
new
build
ings
a ci
vic
cent
er, a
city
hall,
and
a h
otel
. Com
pari
ngw
hat w
as s
pent
to w
hat w
ould
hav
ebe
en s
pent
to m
ake
thes
e bu
ildin
gsac
cess
ible
to th
e ha
ndi-
capp
ed, t
he L
eagu
e fo
und
that
the
incr
ease
d co
stw
ould
hav
e be
en le
ss th
an o
ne-t
enth
of
1 pe
rcen
t.T
he L
eagu
e al
so m
ade
cost
est
imat
esof
sev
enhy
poth
etic
al b
uild
ings
, eac
h re
pres
entin
g a
type
com
mon
ly b
eing
bui
lt to
day.
The
yfi
gure
d th
atth
e ex
tra
cost
of
build
ing
them
bar
rier
-fre
ew
ould
be le
ss th
an o
ne-h
alf
of 1
per
cent
.B
oth
cost
stu
dies
wer
e ar
rang
ed f
or b
yth
eC
omm
issi
on to
obt
ain
data
for
this
rep
ort.
Res
earc
h Pr
ojec
tsSp
ace
rese
arch
off
ers
grea
t prc
alis
efo
r in
no-
vatio
ns th
at w
ill b
enef
it th
e ha
ndic
appe
d.T
heSo
cial
and
Reh
abili
tatio
n Se
rvic
eof
HE
W h
as
c_..4
=2.
e.
alre
ady
conf
erre
d w
ith th
e N
atio
nal
Aer
onau
tics
and
Spac
e A
dmin
istr
atio
n on
pla
ns to
scr
een
in-
vent
ions
for
dev
ices
or
idea
s th
atsh
ow p
rom
ise.
For
exam
ple,
it m
ay b
e po
ssib
le to
deve
lop
a"T
V le
ns e
ye,"
a r
adar
dev
ice
whi
chbl
ind
peop
leca
n w
ear
on th
eir
head
s to
ena
ble
them
to d
is-
tingu
ish
lines
and
mas
s an
d th
us g
etab
out m
ore
easi
ly.
The
U.S
. Dep
artm
ent o
f T
rans
port
atio
nha
sre
cent
ly a
nnou
nced
a c
ompr
ehen
sive
rese
arch
prog
ram
to p
rodu
cegu
idel
ines
for
tran
spor
tatio
npl
anne
rs a
nd o
pera
tors
whi
chw
ould
ass
ure
that
all t
rans
port
atio
n ve
hicl
es,
term
inal
s, a
nd th
een
tire
tran
spor
tatio
n sy
stem
of
the
futu
re w
ill b
ede
sign
ed w
ith th
e ne
eds
of th
e ag
edan
d di
sabl
edin
min
d.T
he D
epar
tmen
t of
Hou
sing
and
Urb
an D
evel
-op
men
t has
alr
eady
sign
ed a
con
trac
t with
the
Nat
iona
l Aca
dem
y of
Sci
ence
tost
udy
the
pote
n-tia
ls f
or m
akin
g no
nrai
l mas
str
ansi
t and
oth
erur
ban
tran
spor
tatio
n sy
stem
s m
ore
acce
ssib
le.
Fede
ral G
rant
s
Not
onl
y by
the
supp
ort o
f re
sear
ch,b
ut a
lso
by
supp
ortin
g a
broa
d ra
nge
ofed
ucat
iona
l and
trai
ning
pro
gram
s, th
e Fe
dera
lGov
ernm
ent h
asbe
en p
laci
ng in
crea
sing
em
phas
is o
nth
is p
hase
of w
ork
for
the
hand
icap
ped.
The
maj
or F
eder
al
agen
cy in
volv
edis
the
Reh
abili
tatio
n Se
rvic
esA
dmin
istr
atio
n of
the
Soci
al a
ndR
ehab
ilita
tion
Serv
ice
of H
EW
(w
hich
incl
udes
the
form
erV
ocat
iona
l Reh
abili
tatio
nA
dmin
istr
atio
n).T
his
agen
cy h
asin
vest
ed a
bout
$1
mill
ion
in th
e pa
st10
yea
rs o
n th
e ac
cess
ibili
typr
oble
m. I
ts g
rant
she
lped
to m
ake
poss
ible
not
onl
yth
e de
velo
pmen
tof
the
stan
dard
spe
cifi
catio
ns,
but a
lso
mos
t of
the
educ
atio
nal,
com
mun
ityor
gani
zatio
n, a
ndot
her
activ
ities
cite
d ab
ove.
7
WH
Y T
HE
PR
OB
LE
MPE
RSI
STS
Des
pite
ach
ieve
men
ts, a
nd th
e ha
rd w
ork
ofth
ousa
nds
of c
itize
ns w
hich
mad
e th
em p
ossi
ble,
the
hand
icap
ped
are
still
bar
red
from
mos
t of
the
plac
es th
ey w
ant t
o go
, and
the
maj
ority
of
Am
eric
ans
rem
ain
unaw
are
of th
eir
prob
lem
.D
urin
g fi
eld
visi
ts, t
he C
omm
issi
on f
ound
that
the
very
pla
ces
mos
t use
d by
the
publ
ic w
ere
ofte
n th
e on
es le
ast a
cces
sibl
e to
the
aged
and
hand
icap
ped.
In
ever
y co
mm
unity
, dai
ly tr
age-
dies
occ
ur :
A h
andi
capp
ed c
hild
, a d
.isab
led
war
vete
ran,
an
elde
rly
coup
leal
l fru
stra
ted
in th
eir
effo
rts
to s
tudy
, to
wor
k, to
enj
oy th
eir
leis
ure,
by
shee
r th
ough
tless
ness
.O
bvio
usly
, the
re is
no
ratio
nal o
ppos
ition
tom
easu
res
that
can
hel
p m
illio
ns a
nd u
sual
ly c
ost
little
or
noth
ing.
To
expl
ain
the
cont
inue
d w
ide-
spre
ad e
xist
ence
of
the
prob
lem
, one
mus
t see
kot
her
caus
es. F
rom
the
spec
ial s
tudi
es it
re-
ques
ted,
as
wel
l as
from
inte
rvie
ws,
obs
erva
tion,
and
pers
onal
exp
erie
nce,
the
Com
mis
sion
fou
ndth
ese
wea
knes
ses
in th
e pr
esen
t eff
ort:
Mill
ions
Unr
each
ed
Bot
h vo
lunt
ary
and
offi
cial
act
ion
is li
kely
toco
ntin
ue to
be
min
imal
unt
il m
ore
peop
le, i
n-cl
udin
g th
ose
dire
ctly
invo
lved
in b
uild
ing
con-
stru
ctio
n an
d eq
uipm
ent m
anuf
actu
ring
, hav
eth
e pr
oble
m b
roug
ht to
thei
r at
tent
ion.
Am
ong
the
unin
form
ed a
re
Arc
hite
cts
As
a pa
rt o
f its
spe
cial
stu
dy o
f th
e pr
oble
m, t
heN
atio
nal L
eagu
e of
Citi
es s
ent a
que
stio
nnai
reto
2,9
75 a
rchi
tect
s, 1
0 pe
rcen
t .of
all
the
Nat
ion'
sar
chite
cts.
Of
the
709
who
rep
lied,
onl
y 25
1 sa
idth
at th
ey k
new
abo
ut th
e st
anda
rd s
peci
fica
tions
for
mak
ing
build
ings
acc
essi
ble.
Alth
ough
511
arch
itect
s sa
id th
at th
ey h
ad m
ade
a co
nsci
ous
effo
rt, i
n so
me
of th
e bu
ildin
gs th
ey d
esig
ned,
tom
ake
them
acc
essi
ble
to th
e ag
ed a
nd h
andi
-ca
pped
, onl
y 28
per
cent
of
thos
e w
ho d
id s
o us
edth
e sc
ient
ific
ally
test
ed s
tand
ard
issu
ed b
y th
eU
nite
d St
ates
of
Am
eric
an S
tand
ards
Ins
titut
e.N
o sc
hool
of
arch
itect
ure
toda
y gi
ves
spec
ial o
rco
ntin
uing
atte
ntio
n to
the
prob
lem
of
acce
ssi-
bilit
y. T
he U
nive
rsity
of
Illin
ois,
how
ever
, has
plan
s to
con
stru
ct a
mod
el w
hich
will
con
tain
all
the
mos
t com
mon
obs
tacl
es e
ncou
nter
ed b
y th
eha
ndic
appe
d an
d to
req
uire
arc
hite
ctur
al s
tu-
dent
s to
go
thro
ugh
this
mod
el in
a w
heel
chai
r.B
ut e
ven
this
mos
t ele
men
tary
eff
ort t
o m
ake
futu
re a
rchi
tect
s ba
rrie
r co
nsci
ous
is s
till i
n th
epr
opos
al s
tate
.
Man
ufac
ture
rs a
nd S
uppl
iers
of
Bui
ldin
g M
ater
ials
The
nat
iona
l org
aniz
atio
ns o
f th
e se
ven
maj
ortr
ade
grou
ps w
ere
ques
tione
d. N
one
had
esta
b-lis
hed
any
polic
y ab
out m
eetin
g th
e st
anda
rd a
ndon
ly th
ree
wer
e fa
mili
ar w
ith it
. The
Nat
iona
lE
leva
tor
Man
ufac
turi
ng I
ndus
try,
the
Plum
bing
Man
ufac
ture
rs A
ssoc
iatio
n, a
nd th
e N
atio
nal
Sash
& D
oor
Jobb
ers
Ass
ocia
tion
all t
houg
ht th
atth
eir
mem
bers
' sta
ndar
d pr
oduc
ts w
ould
hav
eto
be
alte
red
to m
ake
them
usa
ble
by th
eh
andi
capp
ed.
Bui
ldin
g C
ode
Gro
ups
Mos
t Sta
te a
nd lo
cal b
uild
ing
code
s ar
e ba
sed
on o
ne o
f fo
ur n
atio
nal m
odel
bui
ldin
g co
des.
(Dif
fere
nces
in th
e fo
ur m
odel
cod
es r
efle
ctm
ainl
y th
e di
ffer
ing
requ
irem
ents
nec
essi
tate
d by
clim
atic
var
iatio
ns.)
The
maj
or g
oals
of
all f
our
code
s ar
e fi
re s
afet
y an
d st
ruct
ural
sta
bilit
y.N
one
mak
es a
ny r
efer
ence
toar
chite
ctur
alba
rrie
rs.
Rep
lies
to in
quir
ies
sent
to th
e fo
ur c
odem
ak-
ing
grou
ps in
dica
te th
at th
ey a
re n
ot w
ell i
n-fo
rmed
abo
ut th
e pr
oble
m. F
or e
xam
ple,
alth
ough
slip
s an
d fa
lls a
ccou
nt f
or th
e bu
lk o
f in
sura
nce
clai
ms
for
acci
dent
s in
bui
ldin
gs (
acci
dent
s th
atco
uld
be g
reat
ly r
educ
ed b
y co
mpl
ianc
e w
ith th
est
anda
rd s
peci
fica
tions
) , o
ne g
roup
rep
lied
that
acce
ssib
ility
reg
ulat
ions
wou
ld n
ot a
ffec
t the
ir in
-te
rest
"if
it d
id n
ot in
terf
ere
with
reco
gniz
edst
anda
rds
of s
afet
y."
Ano
ther
rep
lied:
"W
hile
itis
con
ceiv
able
that
the
requ
irem
ents
invo
lvin
gel
imin
atin
g ar
chite
ctur
al b
arri
ers
..
.ha
ve a
rela
tion
to s
afet
y, th
e le
galit
y of
suc
h re
quir
e-m
ents
is q
uest
iona
ble.
" [I
talic
s ad
ded.
]
The
Gen
eral
Pub
licE
ven
peop
le w
ho a
re p
lann
ing
cons
truc
tion
are
ofte
n un
war
e of
the
bene
fits
(add
ed s
afet
y,m
ore
cust
omer
s, w
ider
cho
ice
ofem
ploy
ees)
of
mak
ing
thei
r ne
w o
r re
mod
eled
fac
ility
ful
lyac
cess
ible
. Fai
lure
of
thei
r cl
ient
s to
req
uest
this
goal
was
the
num
ber-
one
reas
on a
rchi
tect
s ga
vefo
r no
t des
igni
ng b
arri
er-f
ree
build
ings
.L
ack
of p
ublic
inte
rest
was
als
o th
e nu
mbe
r on
ere
ason
pub
lic o
ffic
ials
gav
e fo
r fa
ilure
tode
velo
ppu
blic
pro
gram
s. W
hen
ques
tione
d by
the
Na-
tiona
l Lea
gue
of C
ities
, 40
perc
ent o
f th
e ci
tyof
fici
als
and
30 p
erce
nt o
f th
e co
unty
off
icia
lsre
port
ed th
at th
ey s
aw n
o ne
ed f
or a
pro
gram
.N
o on
e ha
d ev
er d
iscu
ssed
the
issu
e w
ith th
em.
A n
atio
nwid
e pu
blic
opi
nion
pol
l rev
eale
d th
atno
t onl
y w
ere
few
citi
zens
wor
king
on
this
pro
b-le
m, b
ut 8
9 pe
rcen
t did
not
eve
n kn
ow w
heth
er
any
effo
rt w
as b
eing
mad
e by
any
one
inth
eir
com
mun
ities
. Yet
whe
n ci
tizen
s do
sho
w o
r-ga
nize
d co
ncer
n, th
ey u
sual
ly g
et a
ctio
n. T
heL
eagu
e of
Citi
es s
tudy
rev
eale
d th
at in
onl
y on
eof
the
citie
s th
at h
ad n
o pr
ogra
m w
as th
ere
aci
tizen
s' c
omm
ittee
act
ive
on th
e pr
oble
m.
Vol
unta
ry A
ctio
nN
ot E
noug
h
Eve
n w
ith a
n in
form
ed a
nd c
once
rned
citi
-ze
nry,
how
ever
, cha
nge
cann
ot b
e ac
hiev
edby
volu
ntar
y ef
fort
s al
one.
Edu
catio
n an
d pe
rsua
sion
mus
t be
rein
forc
ed w
ith le
gisl
ativ
e ac
tion.
Thi
sis
dem
onst
rate
d by
the
expe
rien
ce o
f th
e Fe
dera
lG
over
nmen
t in
atte
mpt
ing
to m
ake
mor
e ac
ces-
sibl
e its
ow
n bu
ildin
gs a
nd th
ose
it he
lps
tofi
nanc
e th
roug
h co
nstr
uctio
n gr
ants
.A
ll Fe
dera
l off
icia
ls r
espo
nsib
le f
or c
onst
ruc-
tion
and
cons
truc
tion
gran
ts h
ave
been
ale
rted
to th
e pr
oble
m. A
ll ha
ve r
ecei
ved
the
stan
dard
issu
ed b
y th
e U
nite
d St
ates
of
Am
eric
a St
anda
rds
Inst
itute
. Nev
erth
eles
s, n
ew b
uild
ings
con
tinue
to b
e co
nstr
ucte
d w
ith u
nnec
essa
ry b
arri
ers
and
too
man
y re
nova
tions
of
exis
ting
build
ings
leav
em
any
barr
iers
unt
ouch
ed.
The
Dep
artm
ent o
f D
efen
se is
stil
l bou
nd b
ya
polic
y th
at p
rohi
bits
ele
vato
rs in
new
build
ings
that
are
less
than
fou
r st
orie
s hi
gh u
nles
s th
eyar
e to
be
used
for
med
ical
or
othe
rsp
ecia
l
purp
oses
.T
he P
ost O
ffic
e D
epar
tmen
t rep
orts
that
all
it ha
s be
en a
ble
to d
o to
mak
e po
st o
ffic
es m
ore
conv
enie
nt f
or th
e ag
ed a
nd h
andi
capp
ed is
toin
sist
upo
n ra
mpe
d or
leve
l ent
ranc
es a
nd to
ilet
faci
litie
s.T
he D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth, E
duca
tion,
and
Wel
fare
rep
orts
that
som
e of
its
cons
truc
tion
gran
ts a
re s
till b
eing
use
d fo
r bu
ildin
gs th
at a
reno
t com
plet
ely
acce
ssib
le. O
nly
in p
rogr
ams
whe
re a
utho
riza
tion
to r
equi
re a
cces
sibi
lity
is a
part
of
the
gran
t leg
isla
tion
has
real
pro
gres
sbe
en m
ade.
The
Gen
eral
Ser
vice
s A
dmin
istr
atio
n, w
hich
is r
espo
nsib
le f
or th
e co
nstr
uctio
n, r
epai
r, a
ndre
nova
tion
of s
ome
5,00
0 fe
dera
lly o
wne
d bu
ild-
ings
, has
trie
d to
rem
ove
barr
iers
, but
, lac
king
the
supp
ort o
f la
w, i
ts p
rogr
ess
has
been
slo
w.
Dur
ing
the
18-m
onth
per
iod
from
Jan
uary
196
6th
roug
h Ju
ne 1
967,
onl
y 71
Fed
eral
bui
ldin
gsha
d m
ajor
ren
ovat
ions
, inc
ludi
ng r
emov
al o
fba
rrie
rs. Y
et, w
hen
it is
fea
sibl
e at
all
to r
emov
eba
rrie
rs, G
SA f
inds
that
the
cost
of
doin
g so
ism
inim
al-1
per
cent
or
less
of
reno
vatio
n co
sts.
Nev
erth
eles
s, a
lmos
t all
of th
e ol
der
Fede
ral
build
ings
hav
e fe
atur
es th
at p
reve
nt a
ll ci
tizen
sfr
om u
sing
them
.G
SA a
lso
repo
rts
inab
ility
to g
et b
arri
ers
re-
mov
ed f
rom
the
grow
ing
num
ber
of p
riva
tely
owne
d bu
ildin
gs it
leas
es f
or G
over
nmen
t use
.If
per
suas
ion
alon
e w
ere
enou
gh, a
ll Fe
dera
lbu
ildin
gs a
nd f
acili
ties
wou
ld b
e ac
cess
ible
to a
llw
ho w
ant t
o us
e th
em. T
hey
are
not.
Stat
e L
aws
Lac
k T
eeth
Law
s ar
e ef
fect
ive,
how
ever
, onl
y w
hen
they
are
spec
ific
and
str
ong.
Som
e of
the
legi
slat
ive
actio
n ta
ken
to d
ate
is b
oth
vagu
e an
d w
eak.
Alth
ough
44
Stat
e go
vern
men
ts h
ave
now
pas
sed
law
s or
res
olut
ions
or
take
n ot
her
offi
cial
act
ion
whi
ch p
ut th
em o
n re
cord
as
bein
g sy
mpa
thet
icto
the
prob
lem
s of
the
aged
and
hand
icap
ped,
ther
e is
no
real
rea
son
why
any
one
need
s to
know
abo
ut o
r pa
y at
tent
ion
to th
ese
offi
cial
actio
ns.
9
41)
hese
spac
es r
eser
ved
for
the
use
of o
ur
frie
nds
who
are
phqs
ical
lq h
andi
capp
ed
An
anal
ysis
of
Stat
e ac
tion,
und
erta
ken
byth
eN
atio
nal L
eagu
e of
Citi
es a
t the
req
uest
of th
eC
omm
issi
on, s
how
s th
at:
Onl
y si
x St
ates
spe
ll ou
tw
hat t
hey
mea
n by
acce
ssib
ility
in te
rms
ofth
e st
anda
rd s
peci
fica
-tio
ns, a
nd th
ree
of th
ese
Stat
es r
educ
e th
eir
effe
ctiv
enes
s by
wid
e op
en e
scap
e cl
ause
ssu
ch
as "
inso
far
as p
ossi
ble
and
reas
onab
le,"
"to
the
exte
nt d
eem
ed f
easi
ble.
"O
nly
nine
Sta
tes
have
cle
arcu
t enf
orce
men
tpr
ovis
ions
with
res
pons
ibili
ty a
ssig
ned
to a
sing
le a
genc
y. H
owev
er, n
one
of th
ese
Stat
esis
am
ong
the
six
that
mak
e sp
ecif
ic r
equi
re-
men
ts b
ased
on
the
stan
dard
spe
cifi
catio
ns.
App
aren
tly, n
o St
ate
has
a st
rong
law
and
stro
ng e
nfor
cem
ent p
rovi
sion
s.In
thre
e St
ates
the
law
app
lies
only
to S
tate
-ow
ned
build
ings
. Alm
ost a
ll of
the
law
s ap
-pl
y on
ly to
new
, pub
licly
ow
ned
build
ings
.O
nly
thre
e St
ates
cov
er s
ome
(but
not
all)
new
, pri
vate
ly c
onst
ruct
ed b
uild
ings
.
10
Onl
y fo
ur S
tate
s ha
vem
odif
ied
Stat
e bu
ildin
gco
des
by in
clud
ing
som
e ac
cess
ibili
ty r
equi
re-
men
ts.
Loc
al A
ctio
n M
inim
al
The
Lea
gue
of C
ities
stu
dy a
lso
cove
red
city
and
coun
ty r
equi
rem
ents
. It r
evea
led
that
:In
ver
y fe
w o
f th
e ci
ties
and
met
ropo
litan
coun
ties
(the
pla
ces
whe
re th
e ac
cess
ibili
typr
oble
mis
mos
t acu
te)
have
eld
erly
and
hand
icap
ped
peop
lefo
und
any
impr
ovem
ent
at a
ll.O
f th
e 95
citi
es w
ith p
opul
atio
nsof
50,
000
orm
ore
that
rep
orte
d so
me
type
of p
rogr
am, 3
9ha
ve f
aile
d to
take
any
off
icia
l act
ion.
And
in28
4 ci
ties
of th
is s
ize,
ther
e is
no
prog
ram
at
all.
Sim
ilarl
y, w
hile
42
met
ropo
litan
coun
ties
repo
rted
a p
rogr
am,
230
of th
e N
atio
n's
mos
tpo
pulo
us c
ount
ies
have
no
prog
ram
.O
nly
nine
citi
es a
nd f
ive
coun
ties
have
ado
pted
or a
men
ded
build
ing
code
s or
ord
inan
ces
tota
ke a
ccou
nt o
f th
e st
anda
rd s
peci
fica
tions
.M
ost o
f th
e lo
cal o
ffic
ial a
ctio
ns a
re m
ere
reso
lutio
ns o
r st
atem
ents
pas
sed
by C
ity o
rC
ount
y C
ounc
ilsan
d re
fer
only
to n
ew,
publ
icly
ow
ned
build
ings
.
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
Prob
lem
Neg
lect
edA
lthou
gh la
ck o
fus
able
tran
spor
tatio
n is
the
mos
t ser
ious
pro
blem
enco
unte
red
by th
e ag
edan
d ha
ndic
appe
d, it
has
rec
eive
dal
mos
t no
atte
n-
tion.
The
re a
re n
o st
anda
rd s
peci
fica
tions
that
appl
y to
it. T
his
Com
mis
sion
was
not
ask
ed to
mak
e re
com
men
datio
ns r
elat
ing
toit.
The
re a
re
no F
eder
al, S
tate
, or
loca
l req
uire
men
ts f
or a
c-
cess
ibili
ty th
at p
ublic
tran
spor
tatio
n sy
stem
sm
ust
mee
t.T
he r
esul
t can
rea
dily
be
seen
inth
e tr
ans-
port
atio
n sy
stem
of
any
com
mun
ity.
The
ste
psfr
om s
tree
t cur
b to
bus
or
stre
etca
r en
tran
ce a
reof
ten
so h
igh
that
chi
ldre
n as
wel
l as
the
aged
have
dif
ficu
lty a
nd th
e di
sabl
ed u
sual
ly c
anno
tco
pew
ith th
em a
t all.
The
ais
les
insi
de a
re to
ona
rrow
for
a p
erso
n on
cru
tche
s,le
t alo
ne a
whe
elch
air
pass
enge
r, to
nav
igat
e. S
ubw
ay e
n-tr
ance
s le
ad to
long
flig
hts
ofst
airs
with
turn
stile
sba
rrin
g th
e w
ay to
the
trai
ns. S
udde
n st
ops
and
star
tsco
mm
on to
all
type
s of
pub
lic tr
ansp
orta
-tio
nare
haz
ardo
us f
or e
very
one
but m
ost
seri
-
ousl
y so
for
the
disa
bled
.
Stan
dard
Spe
cifi
catio
nsIn
com
plet
eW
hile
the
stan
dard
issu
ed b
y th
e U
nite
dSt
ates
of A
mer
ica
Stan
dard
s In
stitu
te r
epre
sent
s a
grea
t
4117
1101
MIN
MIN
IMM
IMIIM
IIIM
IIMO
IMIG
k.
step
for
war
d,it
is in
com
plet
e. I
t doe
s no
t cov
erre
side
ntia
l hou
sing
or
tran
spor
tatio
n; it
doe
s no
tde
al w
ith a
ll of
the
maj
or b
arri
ers;
it d
oes
not
spel
l out
just
wha
t fac
ilitie
s ar
eco
vere
d an
d to
wha
t ext
ent i
ts s
peci
fica
tions
sho
uld
be f
ollo
wed
.
Man
y Fa
cts
Mis
sing
Muc
h of
the
data
ess
entia
l for
sou
nd p
lann
ing
has
neve
r be
en g
athe
red.
The
re a
re n
o cu
rren
tan
d re
liabl
e da
ta a
bout
the
num
ber
and
loca
tion
of p
eopl
e fo
r w
hom
arc
hite
ctur
al b
arri
ers
pres
ent
a pr
oble
m. W
e do
not
kno
w h
owm
uch
build
ing
owne
rs w
ould
sav
e in
insu
ranc
e co
sts
if b
uild
ings
met
sta
ndar
d sp
ecif
icat
ions
. We
do n
ot k
now
wha
t the
tax
bill
is f
or th
e su
ppor
t of
peop
le w
hoar
e un
empl
oyed
onl
y be
caus
e bu
ildin
gsan
d fa
cili-
ties
are
inac
cess
ible
to th
em. W
e do
not
kno
w th
esi
ze o
f th
e in
vest
men
t in
spec
ial s
choo
ls, i
nstit
u-tio
ns, d
wel
lings
that
wou
ld b
e un
nece
ssar
y if
a fe
w b
asic
spe
cifi
catio
ns w
ere
appl
ied
toal
lco
nstr
uctio
n. N
or d
o w
e kn
ow th
e ad
ded
pers
on-
nel c
osts
of
help
ing
peop
le w
ho c
ould
be
self
-re
liant
if b
uild
ings
and
fac
ilitie
s w
ere
mor
eus
able
.In
bri
ef, t
here
has
bee
n so
littl
e se
riou
s st
udy
and
fact
gat
heri
ng th
at a
ll cu
rren
t est
imat
es o
fth
e ex
tent
and
ser
ious
ness
of
the
prob
lem
mus
tin
evita
bly
unde
rsta
te it
.
The
Tas
k A
head
Rel
atin
g pa
st p
rogr
ess
to im
med
iate
and
fut
ure
need
s, th
e be
st th
at c
an b
e sa
id is
that
we
now
know
wha
t nee
ds to
be
done
and
we
have
man
yof
the
tool
s to
do
it. T
he r
ecom
men
datio
ns w
hich
follo
w s
how
how
impo
rtan
t seg
men
ts o
f th
e ta
skca
n be
com
plet
ed w
ith r
easo
nabl
e ra
pidi
ty.
46.
UP'
a'*
.irg
TH
E C
OM
MIS
SIO
N'S
RE
CO
MM
EN
DA
TIO
NS
I. L
egis
latio
n
Fede
ral L
egis
latio
nA
s a
maj
or s
ourc
e of
sup
port
for
the
cons
truc
-tio
n an
d re
nova
tion,
not
onl
y of
Fed
eral
bui
ld-
ings
, but
als
o of
sch
ools
, hos
pita
ls, l
ibra
ries
, and
othe
r fa
cilit
ies
in a
gre
at m
any
com
mun
ities
, the
Fede
ral G
over
nmen
t can
mak
e a
trem
endo
usim
pact
on
the
prob
lem
by
its o
wn
actio
ns. T
his,
in tu
rn, w
ill s
timul
ate
dem
and
that
sim
ilar
ac-
tion
be ta
ken
in th
e co
nstr
uctio
n an
d re
nova
tion
of b
uild
ings
that
do
not r
ecei
ve F
eder
al f
inan
cial
supp
ort.
The
refo
re, t
he C
omm
issi
on r
ecom
men
ds e
n-ac
tmen
t of
a Fe
dera
l law
or
law
s w
hich
wou
ld:
Req
uire
that
all
new
fac
ilitie
s in
tend
ed f
or u
seby
the
publ
ic w
hich
are
leas
ed o
r ow
ned
by th
eFe
dera
l Gov
ernm
ent b
e de
sign
ed w
ithou
t bar
-ri
ers;
req
uire
that
bar
rier
s be
rem
oved
fro
mex
istin
g Fe
dera
l bui
ldin
gs th
at a
re u
sed
by th
epu
blic
to th
e fu
llest
ext
ent f
easi
ble.
Req
uire
that
non
-Fed
eral
org
aniz
atio
ns w
hich
rece
ive
Fede
ral f
unds
for
con
stru
ctio
n, e
ither
dire
ctly
or
thro
ugh
Fede
ral g
rant
s to
Sta
tes,
mee
t the
sam
e de
sign
and
saf
ety
requ
irem
ents
that
app
lyto
fede
rally
ow
ned
or le
ased
faci
litie
s.M
ake
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
, Edu
catio
n,an
d W
elfa
re r
espo
nsib
le f
or th
e es
tabl
ishm
ent
and
prom
ulga
tion
of G
over
nmen
t-w
ide
poli-
cies
, pro
cedu
res,
and
spe
cifi
catio
ns, a
nd th
eir
enfo
rcem
ent,
to a
chie
ve a
t lea
st m
inim
um
stan
dard
s of
acc
essi
bilit
y an
d us
e in
pub
licbu
ildin
gs. I
n co
oper
atio
n w
ith th
e G
ener
alSe
rvic
es A
dmin
istr
atio
n, H
EW
sho
uld
be r
e-sp
onsi
ble
for
asce
rtai
ning
the
com
plia
nce
ofal
l Fed
eral
age
ncie
s an
d de
part
men
ts to
Fed
-er
al a
cces
sibi
lity
law
s. C
ongr
ess
shou
ld k
eep
ale
gisl
ativ
e w
atch
ove
r pr
ogre
ss b
y as
sign
ing
resp
onsi
bilit
y to
one
of
its e
xist
ing
join
t or
sepa
rate
com
mitt
ees.
Thi
s co
mm
ittee
shou
ldca
ll fo
r a
peri
odic
rep
ort o
n pr
ogre
ss a
ndsh
ould
rev
iew
pro
gram
s an
d bu
dget
s to
ass
ure
that
pro
mpt
and
ade
quat
e ac
tion
is b
eing
take
n.A
utho
rize
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
, Edu
ca-
tion,
and
Wel
fare
, in
coop
erat
ion
with
oth
erpu
blic
and
non
-pro
fit o
rgan
izat
ions
, to
unde
r-ta
ke, s
pons
or, a
nd/o
r he
lp to
fin
ance
res
earc
h,de
mon
stra
tions
,tr
aini
ng,
and
educ
atio
nal
activ
ities
.T
he a
utho
riza
tion
shou
ld s
peci
fica
lly p
ro-
vide
for
the
esta
blis
hmen
t of
a T
echn
ical
As-
sist
ance
and
Dem
onst
ratio
n O
ffic
e. T
his
offi
cew
ould
col
lect
and
dis
sem
inat
e re
sear
ch f
ind-
ings
; dev
elop
dat
a an
d ca
se s
tudi
es to
sho
wun
iver
sity
adm
inis
trat
ors,
bus
ines
smen
, and
othe
r ow
ner
grou
ps th
e ad
vant
ages
of
elim
inat
-in
g ba
rrie
rs; u
nder
take
or
stim
ulat
e re
sear
chan
d de
mon
stra
tions
on
stan
dard
s, p
artic
ular
lyth
ose
rela
ting
to r
esid
entia
l hou
sing
and
the
reno
vatio
n of
exi
stin
g bu
ildin
gsth
e ar
eas
whe
re n
ew in
sigh
t is
mos
t nee
ded.
Thi
s of
fice
wou
ld a
lso
assi
st o
ther
Fed
eral
agen
cies
in d
evel
opin
g ap
prop
riat
em
eans
toco
mpl
y w
ith F
eder
al a
cces
sibi
lity
legi
slat
ion.
It w
ould
wor
k w
ith c
ompa
rabl
e St
ate
agen
cies
and
with
all
appr
opri
ate
Nat
iona
l, St
ate,
and
loca
l gro
ups,
enc
oura
ging
thei
r su
ppor
t,co
m-
mitm
ent,
and
effe
ctiv
e ac
tivity
. In
doin
gso
,it
wou
ld is
sue
guid
elin
es a
nd in
form
atio
nal,
educ
atio
nal,
and
othe
r m
ater
ials
whi
ch c
ould
be in
corp
orat
ed in
to a
ctiv
ities
of
Nat
iona
l,St
ate,
and
loca
lvo
lunt
ary
and
offi
cial
orga
niza
tions
.A
hig
h pr
iori
ty o
f th
is o
ffic
e w
ould
be
tow
ork
with
key
gro
ups
that
hav
ea
spec
ific
rol
eto
pla
y, s
uch
as a
ssoc
iatio
ns o
f ar
chite
cts,
scho
ols
of a
rchi
tect
ure
and
engi
neer
ing,
pro-
fess
iona
l gro
ups
conc
erne
d w
ith b
uild
ing
code
wri
ting
and
build
ing
code
man
agem
ent
toac
quai
nt th
em w
ith th
e pr
oble
m a
nd to
hel
pth
em d
evel
op c
urri
cula
, gui
des,
and
with
prov
isio
ns r
elat
ing
to it
.
Exe
cutiv
e O
rder
In o
rder
that
sig
nifi
cant
act
ion
can
begi
n ev
enbe
fore
legi
slat
ive
actio
n is
take
n, th
e C
omm
is-
sion
rec
omm
ends
that
the
Pres
iden
t im
med
iate
lyis
sue
an E
xecu
tive
orde
r w
hich
wou
ld:
Dir
ect a
ll Fe
dera
l age
ncie
s pr
epar
ing
new
legi
slat
ive
prop
osal
s in
volv
ing
cons
truc
tion
ofbu
ildin
gs a
nd f
acili
ties
inte
nded
to b
e us
ed b
yth
e ge
nera
l pub
lic to
incl
ude
prov
isio
nson
acce
ssib
ility
and
use
by
the
disa
bled
and
old
erpe
ople
.
Req
uire
Fed
eral
age
ncie
s an
d th
e G
ener
alSe
rvic
es A
dmin
istr
atio
n, w
here
app
ropr
iate
,to
sur
vey
build
ings
they
occ
upy
to d
eter
min
eth
eir
acce
ssib
ility
and
usa
bilit
y; a
ndto
sub
mit
a pl
an a
nd b
udge
t req
uest
s fo
r 19
70 a
nd s
ub-
sequ
ent y
ears
suf
fici
ent t
o ac
com
plis
h ne
eded
chan
ges.
Dir
ect F
eder
al a
genc
ies
adm
inis
teri
ng g
rant
sto
ass
ist c
onst
ruct
ion
of p
ublic
bui
ldin
gs a
ndfa
cilit
ies
by o
ther
gov
ernm
enta
lor
pri
vate
grou
ps to
rev
iew
thei
r ba
sic
prog
ram
aut
hor-
ity, r
egul
atio
ns, s
tand
ards
, and
gui
delin
esgo
v-er
ning
the
use
of F
eder
al f
unds
for
new
cons
truc
tion
or r
emod
elin
g; a
nd to
info
rm th
ePr
esid
ent o
f an
y ad
ditio
nal l
egis
lativ
e au
thor
-ity
or
Fede
ral f
unds
whi
ch w
ould
be
need
edto
enab
legr
ante
esto
mee
tac
cess
ibili
tyst
anda
rds.
Dir
ect t
he S
ecre
tary
of
Hou
sing
and
Urb
anD
evel
opm
ent t
o pr
epar
e a
deta
iled
plan
out
-lin
ing
the
man
ner
in w
hich
the
seve
ral h
ousi
ngan
d ur
ban
deve
lopm
ent
prog
ram
s, a
ctiv
ities
,an
d se
rvic
es u
nder
his
juri
sdic
tion
can
help
toel
imin
ate
or f
ores
tall
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f ar
chi-
tect
ural
bar
rier
s in
nei
ghbo
rhoo
d fa
cilit
ies
and
resi
dent
ial p
ublic
hou
sing
.
In a
dditi
on, t
he C
omm
issi
on b
elie
ves
that
ast
rong
pub
lic s
tate
men
t by
the
Pres
iden
tur
g-in
g th
e el
imin
atio
n of
arc
hite
ctur
al b
arri
ers
in b
oth
publ
ic a
nd p
riva
tely
ow
ned
build
ings
wou
ld s
timul
ate
volu
ntar
y ac
tion
thro
ugho
utth
e N
atio
n.
Stat
e L
egis
latio
n
The
Com
mis
sion
rec
omm
ends
that
all
Stat
esbe
urg
ed to
ena
ct n
ew la
ws
or a
men
d pr
esen
tla
ws
so th
at, i
n ev
ery
Stat
e, th
e la
w w
ill b
e sp
ecif
ican
d w
ill b
e ba
sed
on th
e st
anda
rd is
sued
by
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es o
f A
mer
ica
Stan
dard
s In
stitu
te.
The
legi
slat
ion
shou
ld in
clud
e st
rong
enf
orce
-m
ent p
rovi
sion
s an
d sh
ould
pro
vide
for
the
es-
tabl
ishm
ent a
nd f
inan
cing
of
a sm
all u
nit i
n a
sa-4
0w
PPP.
sing
le S
tate
age
ncy
whi
ch is
assi
gned
ful
l re-
spon
sibi
lity
for
enfo
rcin
g th
e la
w.
It is
rec
omm
ende
d th
at th
eC
ounc
il of
Sta
teG
over
nmen
ts b
e re
ques
ted
to r
evis
e its
pre
sent
mod
el la
w to
inco
rpor
ate
thes
efe
atur
es.
It is
als
o re
com
men
ded
that
Stat
e le
gisl
atur
esbe
urg
ed to
rev
iew
Sta
te b
uild
ing
code
s to
det
er-
min
e w
hat c
hang
es a
re n
eede
d to
achi
eve
com
-pl
ianc
e w
ith th
e m
inim
um s
tand
ards
.In
eve
ry S
tate
ther
e sh
ould
be
anof
fice
, ade
-
quat
ely
fina
nced
, whi
ch m
aint
ains
liais
on w
ithth
e Fe
dera
l pro
gram
age
ncy,
wor
ksw
ith u
nive
r-si
ties,
pro
fess
iona
l gro
ups,
nat
iona
l,St
ate,
and
loca
l vol
unta
ry a
genc
ies,
and
ass
ists
loca
l com
-m
uniti
es in
dev
elop
ing
effe
ctiv
e pr
ogra
ms
to
elim
inat
e ba
rrie
rs. T
his
offi
cew
ould
sup
port
dem
onst
ratio
ns a
nd r
esea
rch,
issu
ein
form
atio
nan
d tr
aini
ng m
ater
ials
, and
in o
ther
way
sst
imu-
late
act
ion
thro
ugho
ut th
e St
ate.
Eff
orts
to a
ssis
t Sta
tes
in d
evel
opin
gte
chni
cally
soun
d le
gisl
atio
n sh
ould
be
unde
rtak
enby
the
regi
onal
sta
ff o
f th
e R
ehab
ilita
tion
Serv
ices
Ad-
min
istr
atio
n of
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
,E
du-
catio
n, a
nd W
elfa
re, a
nd b
y vo
lunt
ary
agen
cies
such
as
the
Am
eric
an I
nstit
ute
ofA
rchi
tect
s an
dth
e N
atio
nal E
aste
r Se
al S
ocie
ty f
orC
ripp
led
Chi
ldre
n an
d A
dults
. Oth
er N
atio
nal
and
Stat
ehe
alth
age
ncie
s co
ncer
ned
with
pro
blem
sof
peo
-
ple
who
hav
e sp
ecia
l dis
abili
ties
such
as
mus
cula
rdy
stro
phy,
hea
rt d
isea
se, o
r bl
indn
ess,
shou
ld le
tle
gisl
atur
es k
now
how
arc
hite
ctur
al b
arri
ers
affe
ct
the
peop
le w
ith w
hom
they
wor
k.
II. R
esea
rch
and
Dem
onst
ratio
ns
Fina
ncia
l Sup
port
The
re h
as b
een
min
imal
inve
stm
ent i
nth
ese
arch
for
new
kno
wle
dge
that
mig
ht y
ield
mor
e
14
effe
ctiv
e an
d ec
onom
ical
way
s of
enab
ling
the
aged
and
han
dica
pped
to p
artic
ipat
ein
com
-m
unity
life
. Equ
ally
min
imal
has
bee
nth
e in
vest
-
men
t in
dem
onst
ratio
ns to
test
out n
ew d
evic
es,
proc
edur
es, a
nd p
rogr
ams
and
tost
imul
ate
wid
e-sp
read
use
of
thos
e th
at p
rove
eff
ectiv
e.T
here
-fo
re th
e C
omm
issi
on r
ecom
men
dsth
at g
over
n-m
ent,
indu
stry
, and
prof
essi
onal
and
vol
unta
ryor
gani
zatio
ns in
crea
se th
eir
supp
ort
of r
esea
rch
and
dem
onst
ratio
ns. W
e pa
rtic
ular
lyre
com
men
dth
at a
ttent
ion
be g
iven
pro
mpt
ly to
the
follo
win
g
proj
ects
:
Com
mun
ity D
emon
stra
tions
A s
erie
s of
dem
onst
ratio
npr
ojec
tsto
be
spon
-so
red
join
tly b
y ar
chite
cts,
build
ers,
and
labo
run
ions
shou
ld b
e ca
rrie
d ou
t in
afe
w s
elec
ted
com
mun
ities
. The
pro
ject
s sh
ould
be d
esig
ned
to a
chie
ve b
arri
er-f
ree
faci
litie
s in
the
cons
truc
-tio
n of
all
new
pub
lic a
nd p
riva
tely
owne
d bu
ild-
ings
whi
ch a
re in
tend
ed f
orpu
blic
use
and
thus
,by
dem
onst
ratin
g th
e pr
actic
ality
of th
e pr
o-gr
am, e
ncou
rage
othe
r co
mm
uniti
es to
fol
low
thei
r ex
ampl
e.
Prod
ucts
Stu
dies
A r
evie
w s
houl
d be
mad
eof
man
ufac
ture
dpr
oduc
ts a
nd b
uild
ing
supp
lies
tode
term
ine
how
they
cou
ld b
e m
odif
ied
toel
imin
ate
feat
ures
that
crea
te p
robl
ems
for
aged
or
hand
icap
ped
peop
le.
Thi
s w
ould
incl
ude
eval
uatin
gex
istin
g fe
atur
es
and
expe
rim
entin
g w
ithm
odif
icat
ions
of
such
prod
ucts
as
incl
inat
ors
and
hous
ehol
del
evat
ors;
nons
lip f
loor
cov
erin
gs ;
beds
,ta
bles
, des
ks, a
nd
othe
r fu
rnis
hing
s; b
athr
oom
fix
ture
san
d ot
her
toile
t equ
ipm
ent;
and
cook
ing
and
rest
aura
ntfa
cilit
ies.
The
stu
dy s
houl
d be
cond
ucte
d by
ap-
prop
riat
e re
sear
ch la
bora
tori
esan
d tr
ade
grou
ps.
Bec
ause
it is
a m
ajor
pur
chas
er o
f su
ch p
rod-
ucts
, the
Fed
eral
Gov
ernm
ent c
ould
stim
ulat
e in
-cr
ease
d pr
oduc
tion
of e
xist
ing
prod
ucts
that
are
foun
d to
be
help
ful,
and
enco
urag
e th
e pr
oduc
-tio
n of
new
pro
duct
s by
giv
ing
pref
eren
ce to
them
in it
s pr
ocur
emen
t pol
icie
s. T
his
wou
lden
able
man
ufac
ture
rs a
nd s
uppl
iers
to c
ount
upon
relia
ble
mar
kets
for
item
s de
sign
ed w
ithth
e ne
eds
of th
e ha
ndic
appe
d an
d el
derl
y in
min
d.
Cos
t Stu
dies
Mor
e da
ta s
houl
d be
obt
aine
d ab
out c
ost
and
othe
r pr
oble
ms
invo
lved
in m
akin
g ex
istin
g st
ruc-
ture
s m
ore
acce
ssib
le. A
side
from
the
spec
ial
stud
ies
requ
este
d by
this
Com
mis
sion
, the
onl
ym
ajor
sou
rce
of s
uch
data
now
is th
e G
ener
alSe
rvic
es A
dmin
istr
atio
n.
Insu
ranc
e C
ost D
ata
Stud
ies
shou
ld b
e co
nduc
ted
to d
eter
min
eho
wm
uch
build
ing
owne
rs c
ould
sav
e in
insu
ranc
e
cost
s if
they
adh
ered
to a
cces
sibi
lity
and
safe
tyst
anda
rds
whi
ch w
ould
not
onl
y m
ake
it po
ssib
lefo
r th
e ag
ed a
nd h
andi
capp
ed to
use
thei
rbu
ild-
ings
but
als
o gi
vead
ded
prot
ectio
n to
the
able
bodi
ed.
Stud
y of
Rec
reat
ion
Faci
litie
sT
his
stud
y sh
ould
be
desi
gned
to d
eter
min
ew
heth
er th
ere
is a
ny r
ealit
y in
the
gene
rally
held
belie
f th
at th
e di
sabl
ed a
re g
reat
er a
ccid
entr
isks
than
the
able
bod
ied.
Man
y ch
ildre
n an
dad
ults
with
bra
ces,
cru
tche
s, o
r pr
osth
etic
devi
ces
are
now
bar
red
from
bow
ling
alle
ysan
d ot
her
publ
ican
d co
mm
erci
al r
ecre
atio
n fa
cilit
ies
beca
use
of
this
bel
ief.
Stud
ies
of P
erso
nal F
acto
rsSt
udie
s ar
e ne
eded
to y
ield
mor
e pr
ecis
e da
ta
293-
862
0-68
---3
on w
hat e
ffec
tba
rrie
rs h
ave
upon
age
d an
dha
ndic
appe
d pe
ople
:th
eir
mor
ale,
thei
r m
o-tiv
atio
n, th
eir
phys
ical
and
men
tal h
ealth
.
Eva
luat
ion
of B
arri
er-F
ree
Faci
litie
sT
his
stud
y w
ould
det
erm
ine
whe
ther
build
-
ings
whi
ch w
ere
desi
gned
for
easy
acc
essi
bilit
yan
d us
e ac
tual
ly m
eet t
hose
sta
ndar
ds.A
sel
ecte
d
grou
pof
pub
lic a
nd p
riva
tely
ow
ned
build
ings
wou
ld b
e ev
alua
ted
with
the
assi
stan
ceof
dis
-
able
d pe
ople
.
Con
tinui
ng E
valu
atio
nSt
udie
s
Fund
s sh
ould
be
set a
side
by
Fede
ral,
Stat
e,an
d lo
cal p
ublic
age
ncie
s an
d by
vol
unta
ry a
gen-
cies
for
a c
ontin
uous
eva
luat
ion
of b
uild
ings
,tr
ansp
orta
tion
syst
ems,
par
ks,
and
othe
r fe
atur
esof
the
phys
ical
env
iron
men
t. T
hese
stu
dies
shou
ld
incl
ude
the
soci
al, p
sych
olog
ical
, and
econ
omic
cost
s of
den
ying
peo
ple
free
mov
emen
t with
inan
d be
twee
n co
mm
uniti
es.
Use
of
Gra
nts
for
Res
earc
h
Fede
ral l
egis
latio
n au
thor
izin
g gr
ants
for
con
-st
ruct
ion
of li
brar
ies,
sch
ools
, hos
pita
ls, a
ndot
her
faci
litie
s in
man
y ca
ses
incl
udes
rel
ated
res
earc
han
d de
mon
stra
tions
. Gra
ntee
s sh
ould
, the
refo
re,
plan
to u
se s
uch
gran
ts m
ore
exte
nsiv
ely
than
they
now
do
for
rese
arch
and
dem
onst
ratio
ns d
e-si
gned
to e
limin
ate
or p
reve
ntar
chite
ctur
alba
rrie
rs.
Tax
Inc
entiv
esSt
udie
s sh
ould
be
mad
e of
the
feas
ibili
tyof
Fede
ral,
Stat
e, a
nd lo
cal t
axin
cent
ives
to e
n-
cour
age
owne
rsof
pri
vate
bui
ldin
gs to
mak
eex
istin
g st
ruct
ures
acc
essi
ble
toth
e ag
ed a
nd
hand
icap
ped.
44.
t411
1,
t;o.
fl
III.
Edu
catio
n an
dIn
form
atio
n
Alth
ough
man
y pe
rtin
ent
fact
s ab
out t
hear
chite
ctur
al b
arri
ers
prob
lem
hav
e ne
ver
been
gath
ered
, muc
h of
the
info
rmat
ion
that
is a
vail-
able
has
not
rea
ched
the
peop
le w
hone
ed it
. The
Com
mis
sion
's r
ecom
men
datio
ns f
ored
ucat
ion
and
info
rmat
ion
will
hel
p to
ove
rcom
ebo
th o
fth
ese
defi
cien
cies
:
Wid
espr
ead
Publ
icE
duca
tion
Prog
ram
s
Sinc
e th
e m
ajor
obs
tacl
e to
pro
gres
s is
lack
of
publ
ic a
war
enes
s of
the
prob
lem
, the
Dep
art-
men
t of
Hea
lth, E
duca
tion,
and
Wel
fare
sho
uld
assu
me
lead
ersh
ip in
pla
nnin
gan
d ca
rryi
ng o
uta
mas
sive
edu
catio
nal c
ampa
ign,
com
para
ble
insc
ope
toth
e D
epar
tmen
t's p
rogr
am f
or in
form
-in
g th
e pu
blic
abo
utm
edic
are.
Bot
h th
e A
dver
tisin
g C
ounc
il an
d th
ePr
esi-
dent
's C
omm
ittee
on
Em
ploy
men
t of
the
Han
di-
capp
ed s
houl
d be
aske
d fo
r m
ajor
ass
ista
nce
inth
is e
ffor
t. If
ade
quat
e fu
nds
wer
e pr
ovid
ed,
the
faci
litie
s of
thes
e or
gani
zatio
ns c
ould
be
used
to
prep
are
and
dist
ribu
te h
elpf
ul m
ater
ial f
or a
llm
ass
med
ia.
Ass
ocia
ted
com
mitt
ees
of th
e Pr
esid
ent's
Com
-m
ittee
on
Em
ploy
men
t of
the
Han
dica
pped
, par
-tic
ular
ly th
e W
omen
's, V
eter
ans'
, Lib
rary
,an
dY
outh
Com
mitt
ees,
sho
uld
also
be
aske
d to
ass
ist
by p
laci
ng s
peci
al e
mph
asis
for
the
next
few
year
s on
the
arch
itect
ural
bar
rier
s pr
oble
m a
ndw
hat c
an b
e do
ne a
bout
it.
A s
yste
mat
ic a
ppro
ach
shou
ld b
e m
ade
to a
ll
natio
nal m
ajor
civ
ic, r
elig
ious
, cul
tura
l, fr
ater
nal,
unio
n, a
nd b
usin
ess
grou
ps, a
skin
gth
em n
ot o
nly
to s
ched
ule
a pr
ogra
m o
n th
e to
pic
at o
neof
thei
rna
tiona
l mee
tings
but
als
o to
set
up
stud
y co
m-
16
mitt
ees
and
actio
n pr
ojec
ts s
o th
at w
ork
onth
is
prob
lem
bec
omes
an
inte
gral
par
tof
thei
r lo
cal
prog
ram
s.T
o gu
ide
citiz
en p
artic
ipat
ion
into
con
stru
c-tiv
e ch
anne
ls, s
tate
wid
e pl
anni
ng g
roup
sth
at a
reco
ncer
ned
with
reh
abili
tatio
n sh
ould
mak
e an
eval
uatio
n in
dep
th o
f St
ate
and
com
mun
ity a
c-tio
n pr
ogra
ms.
Man
y ar
e al
read
y do
ing
this
.
Dra
win
g he
avily
upo
nth
e ex
peri
ence
and
ma-
teri
als
of th
e Pr
esid
ent's
Com
mitt
ee o
n E
mpl
oy-
men
t of
the
Han
dica
pped
and
of th
e N
atio
nal
Eas
ter
Seal
Soc
iety
for
Cri
pple
dC
hild
ren
and
Adu
lts a
nd s
imila
r ag
enci
es, t
he p
lann
ing
grou
psco
uld
help
to o
rgan
ize
or s
uppo
rt e
xist
ing
arch
i-te
ctur
al b
arri
ers
prog
ram
s at
bot
h St
ate
and
loca
l
leve
ls.
Tra
de a
nd p
rofe
ssio
nal j
ourn
als
that
rea
ch p
er-
sons
who
are
in k
ey p
ositi
ons
to in
flue
nce
the
crea
tion
of a
bar
rier
-fre
e en
viro
nmen
tsho
uld
be
enco
urag
ed to
pla
ce s
peci
al e
mph
asis
on
this
topi
c in
thei
r ar
ticle
san
d ed
itori
als
and
to e
n-
cour
age
thei
r ad
vert
iser
s to
do
so.
Inst
itute
s an
d C
onfe
renc
es
Seve
ral t
ypes
of
mee
tings
are
reco
mm
ende
dby
the
Com
mis
sion
to b
ring
info
rmat
ion
to th
e
peop
le m
ost d
irec
tlyin
volv
ed.
A n
atio
nal o
rgan
izat
ion
shou
ld p
lan
and
spon
-
sor,
in c
oope
ratio
nw
ith o
ther
con
cern
ed g
roup
s,a
natio
nal i
nstit
ute
tobe
hel
d in
a d
iffe
rent
sec
-
tion
of th
e co
untr
y ea
ch y
ear.
Nat
iona
l pro
gres
san
d ur
gent
pro
blem
s w
ould
be
disc
usse
dan
d as
-
sess
ed, w
ith p
artic
ular
que
stio
ns b
eing
assi
gned
to m
embe
rs o
r as
soci
ated
gro
ups
for
furt
her
stud
y
or s
olut
ion.
Suc
h an
effo
rt m
ight
be
cosp
onso
red
by n
atio
nal c
itize
ns' g
roup
s or
by
citiz
ens'
ad-
viso
ry c
omm
ittee
s to
Stat
e or
Fed
eral
Gov
ern-
men
t age
ncie
s. A
maj
or p
urpo
seof
the
annu
al
inst
itute
wou
ld b
e to
stim
ulat
e vo
lunt
ary
actio
n
by o
wne
rs o
f pr
ivat
efa
cilit
ies.
Reg
iona
l ins
titut
es o
n sp
ecia
l pro
blem
ssh
ould
be h
eld
peri
odic
ally
at s
trat
egic
ally
loca
ted
uni-
vers
ities
or
in c
ente
rs o
f sp
ecia
l arc
hite
ctur
alin
-
tere
st. I
n co
nnec
tion
with
thes
e in
stitu
tes,
pam
-ph
lets
sho
uld
be p
repa
red
for
the
gene
ral p
ublic
and
for
spec
ial g
roup
s, s
uch
as a
rchi
tect
s,te
ach-
ers
and
scho
ol a
dmin
istr
ator
s,lib
rari
ans,
equ
ip-
men
t man
ufac
ture
rs, a
nd o
wne
rsan
d op
erat
ors
of r
ecre
atio
nal f
acili
tiesa
ll of
who
m w
ould
be
invi
ted
to b
e re
pres
ente
d at
the
inst
itute
.T
hein
stitu
te a
gend
a w
ould
incl
ude
sess
ions
of b
road
gene
ral i
nter
est a
sw
ell a
s te
chni
cal s
essi
ons
for
spec
ialis
ts.
Sinc
e it
will
take
som
e tim
e to
dev
elop
the
natio
nal a
nd r
egio
nal i
nstit
utes
, eac
h St
ate,
sep
a-ra
tely
or
toge
ther
with
othe
r ne
arby
Sta
tes,
sho
uld
plan
to h
old
anin
stitu
te w
ithin
a y
ear
to e
xplo
reth
e en
tire
prob
lem
with
in it
s ge
ogra
phic
are
aan
d as
sess
nee
ded
legi
slat
ion
and
prog
ram
ing
to
achi
eve
solu
tions
. The
age
nda
shou
ld c
over
pub
-lic
tran
spor
tatio
n -t
s w
ell a
sot
her
arch
itect
ural
barr
ier
prob
lem
s an
d co
uld
also
incl
ude
plan
s
for
impr
ovin
g em
ploy
men
t and
othe
r re
habi
lita-
tion
serv
ices
for
the
hand
icap
ped.
If n
ew S
tate
or F
eder
al le
gisl
atio
n on
mak
ing
publ
ic b
uild
-
ings
acc
essi
ble
has
been
ena
cted
by
the
time
of
the
inst
itute
, its
impl
icat
ions
for
the
Stat
e or
Stat
es c
ould
be
exam
ined
. The
Gov
erno
rs' s
tate
-
wid
e pl
anni
ng b
odie
s co
uld
assi
stin
pla
nnin
g an
d
carr
ying
out
the
inst
itute
's p
ropo
sals
. The
inst
i-
tute
rec
ently
hel
d by
Haw
aii m
ight
ser
ve a
s a
guid
e fo
r th
e ot
herS
tate
s.
The
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
, Edu
catio
n,an
d
Wel
fare
sho
uld
see
that
the
topi
c of
arch
itect
ural
barr
iers
rec
eive
s m
ajor
em
phas
is a
tthe
Nat
iona
lR
ehab
ilita
tion
Con
fere
nce
in 1
969.
The
Dep
artm
ent s
houl
d al
soho
ld a
one
-tim
eco
nfer
ence
of
its o
wn
key
units
to w
ork
out a
com
-m
on s
et o
f st
anda
rds
and
guid
elin
es w
hich
cou
ldbe
app
lied
to a
ll of
the
gran
t pro
gram
sit
adm
in-
iste
rs. T
he m
ajor
obj
ectiv
e w
ould
be to
get
or-
gani
zatio
ns th
at r
ecei
ve g
rant
s fr
omth
e D
epar
t-m
ent o
f H
ealth
,E
duca
tion,
and
Wel
fare
to m
ake
a sp
ecia
l eff
ort t
o se
eth
at th
eir
faci
litie
s ca
n be
used
by
the
aged
and
dis
able
d.A
sec
onda
ry b
utim
port
ant p
urpo
se o
f th
eco
nfer
ence
wou
ld b
e
to c
onsi
der
way
s to
expa
nd th
e us
e of
exi
stin
ggr
ants
for
res
earc
h,tr
aini
ng, a
nd o
rien
tatio
n pr
o-gr
ams
that
dea
l with
acce
ssib
ility
.
Wor
king
Gro
ups
Bot
h na
tiona
lly a
nd th
roug
hth
eir
area
and
loca
l cha
pter
s, b
uild
ing
cont
ract
ors
grou
psan
d
arch
itect
sas
soci
atio
ns s
houl
d fo
rm w
orki
nggr
oups
who
will
take
res
pons
ibili
ty f
or e
arly
iden
-
tific
atio
n of
urb
an r
enew
al e
ffor
tsan
d pl
ans
for
new
bui
ldin
gs.
With
the
assi
stan
ce o
f bu
ildin
gun
ion
offi
cial
s, v
olun
tary
hea
lthag
enci
es, a
nd
othe
r co
ncer
ned
grou
ps, t
hey
shou
ld d
iscu
ss a
c-ce
ssib
ility
and
usa
bilit
y w
ith th
e ow
ners
and
fina
ncie
rs o
f pr
ivat
ely
owne
d bu
ildin
gsth
at a
rein
tend
ed f
or p
ublic
use
. In
som
epl
aces
, exi
stin
g
Stat
e an
d lo
cal a
rchi
tect
ural
gro
ups
coul
d be
aske
d to
ass
ume
this
task
, with
fina
ncia
l ass
ist-
ance
fro
m o
ther
loca
l gro
ups.
Con
sulta
tion
A c
onsu
ltatio
n se
rvic
e sh
ould
be
deve
lope
d by
volu
ntar
y he
alth
age
ncie
s an
d ot
her
conc
erne
d
grou
ps w
ith th
eas
sist
ance
of
prof
essi
onal
gro
ups.
The
ser
vice
sho
uld
be lo
cate
d in
the
offi
ce o
f on
e
of th
e pr
ofes
sion
al d
esig
n or
gani
zatio
nsan
d/or
the
Nat
iona
l Eas
ter
Seal
Soc
iety
for
Cri
pple
d
tr
a+
.
Chi
ldre
n an
d A
dults
. Its
ser
vice
s w
ould
be
avai
l-
able
to a
ll na
tiona
l org
aniz
atio
ns s
ervi
ngth
e ag
ed
and
the
disa
bled
, to
natio
nal c
ivic
and
wom
en's
orga
niza
tions
, to
prof
essi
onal
gro
upsi
n fa
ct, t
oan
y or
gani
zatio
nw
illin
g to
join
in th
e m
ovem
ent
to r
emov
e ar
chite
ctur
alba
rrie
rs.
Its
serv
ice
wou
ld in
clud
e he
lpin
g to
dev
elop
pro
gram
sth
atw
ould
rel
ate
to th
e sp
ecia
l int
eres
t of
each
org
a-ni
zatio
n an
d th
at w
ould
hel
p it
toin
form
its
mem
bers
abo
ut th
e pr
oble
m a
nd th
ero
le th
eor
gani
zatio
n ca
n pl
ay in
alle
viat
ing
it.
Gui
des
for
the
Age
d an
d H
andi
capp
ed
Mor
e sh
ould
be
done
to e
nabl
e pe
ople
tokn
oww
heth
er th
e fa
cilit
ies
they
nee
d to
use
are
acc
es-
sibl
e to
them
. Rec
omm
ende
d pa
rtic
ular
ly is
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f an
inte
rcity
sys
tem
of
info
rma-
tion
whi
ch c
an b
e us
ed b
y tr
avel
ers.
The
info
r-m
atio
n in
exi
stin
g lo
cal d
irec
tori
es c
ould
be
com
-pu
teri
zed,
thus
ena
blin
g tr
avel
age
ncie
s, a
irpo
rts,
and
trai
n an
d bu
s st
atio
ns a
s w
ell a
s of
fice
sof
loca
ltr
ansp
orta
tion
syst
ems
inal
lco
oper
a-tin
g ci
ties
to m
ake
this
info
rmat
ion
avai
labl
ero
utin
ely.
The
re is
als
o ne
ed f
or a
con
tinui
ng, c
urre
ntdi
rect
ory
of s
choo
ls o
f hi
gher
edu
catio
n w
hich
can
acco
mm
odat
eha
ndic
appe
d st
uden
ts.
Eve
ry S
tate
and
larg
e co
mm
unity
sho
uld
have
a di
rect
ory
whi
chpr
ovid
es s
uch
pert
inen
t inf
or-
mat
ion
as w
hat c
olle
ges,
libr
arie
s, c
ourt
hous
es,
and
othe
r bu
ildin
gs u
sed
by th
e pu
blic
are
ac-
cess
ible
to th
e ha
ndic
appe
d an
d w
hat
spec
ial
prog
ram
s an
d se
rvic
es a
reav
aila
ble
to th
e ag
edan
d ha
ndic
appe
d.
Gui
des
for
Spec
ialis
ts
Prof
essi
onal
and
bus
ines
s gr
oups
sho
uld
issu
egu
ides
for
thei
r m
embe
rs a
nd a
ssoc
iate
sw
hich
wou
ld c
onta
in s
peci
al in
form
atio
n on
how
they
can
mak
e th
eir
faci
litie
sav
aila
ble
to th
e ag
ed a
ndha
ndic
appe
d,. I
llust
rativ
e of
this
type
of
guid
e is
"Pla
nnin
g A
reas
and
Fac
ilitie
s fo
r H
ealth
, Phy
si-
cal E
duca
tion,
and
Rec
reat
ion"
issu
ed b
y th
eA
thle
tic I
nstit
ute
and
the
Am
eric
an A
ssoc
iatio
nfo
r H
ealth
, 11)
sica
l Edu
catio
n, a
nd R
ecre
atio
n,
Nat
iona
l Bib
liogr
aphy
The
Nat
iona
l Eas
ter
Seal
Soc
iety
for
Cri
pple
dC
hild
ren
and
Adu
lts a
nd th
e A
mer
ican
Lib
rary
Ass
ocia
tion
shou
ld b
e re
ques
ted
to d
evel
op a
ndm
aint
ain
join
tly a
bib
liogr
aphy
on
arch
itect
ural
plan
ning
, arc
hite
ctur
al b
arri
ers,
and
oth
er r
e-la
ted
subj
ects
. Thi
s is
gre
atly
nee
ded
by p
erso
nsdo
ing
rese
arch
and
by
thos
eho
are
wor
king
on
com
mun
ity a
ctio
n pr
ogra
ms.
Cen
sus
of th
e D
isab
led
The
U.S
. Cen
sus
Bur
eau,
in c
oope
ratio
nw
ithth
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth, E
duca
tion,
and
Wel
-fa
re, s
houl
d co
nduc
t a c
ensu
s of
the
type
san
ddi
stri
butio
n of
the
disa
bled
. Thi
s in
form
atio
nis
need
ed o
n a
cont
inui
ng b
asis
to a
ssur
eth
e
orde
rly
deve
lopm
ent o
f pr
ogra
mem
phas
es in
elim
inat
ing
barr
iers
.
Dat
a on
For
eign
Pro
gram
s
The
Dep
artm
ents
of
Hea
lth,
Edu
catio
n, a
ndW
elfa
re, H
ousi
ng a
nd U
rban
Dev
elop
men
t,an
dT
rans
port
atio
n, a
nd th
e G
ener
al S
ervi
ces
Ad-
min
istr
atio
nan
dV
eter
ans'
Adm
inis
trat
ion
shou
ld o
btai
n in
form
atio
n on
wha
tot
her
coun
-tr
ies
are
doin
g to
ach
ieve
a b
arri
er-f
ree
envi
ron-
men
t. Sp
ecia
l atte
ntio
nsh
ould
be
give
n to
thei
rbu
ildin
g pr
actic
es,
resi
dent
ial p
lann
ing,
and
publ
ic tr
ansp
orta
tion
syst
ems.
Ori
enta
tion
Prog
ram
on
Scho
ol C
onst
ruct
ion
Scho
ol a
dmin
istr
ator
s an
d bo
ard
mem
bers
and
othe
r co
mm
unity
lead
ers
who
are
invo
lved
inpl
anni
ng s
choo
l fac
ilitie
s sh
ould
rec
eive
spe
cial
orie
ntat
ion.
It i
s re
com
men
ded
that
the
Am
eri-
can
Inst
itute
of
Arc
hite
cts
and
a gr
oup
such
as
the
Edu
catio
nal F
acili
ties
Lab
orat
orie
s,In
c.,
join
tly d
evel
op a
pla
n on
how
to c
reat
e sc
hool
envi
ronm
ents
that
will
acc
omm
odat
e ha
ndi-
capp
ed c
hild
ren
and
thus
elim
inat
e th
e ne
ed f
orco
nstr
uctin
g sp
ecia
l fac
ilitie
s fo
r th
em.
IV. A
dditi
onal
Rec
omm
enda
-tio
ns
Rev
isio
n of
Sta
ndar
d Sp
ecif
icat
ions
The
Uni
ted
Stat
es o
f A
mer
ica
Stan
dard
s In
sti-
tute
sho
uld
be a
sked
to e
xpan
d its
acc
essi
bilit
ySt
anda
rd to
incl
ude
spec
ific
atio
ns f
ortr
ansp
or-
tatio
n sy
stem
s an
d re
side
ntia
l hou
sing
.M
inim
um s
tand
ards
sho
uld
be e
stab
lishe
d fo
rm
ultip
le-u
nit h
ousi
ng w
hich
wou
ld a
pply
to e
n-tr
ance
s to
the
grou
nds
as w
ell a
s th
e bu
ildin
g an
dw
ould
als
o es
tabl
ish
spec
ific
atio
ns f
or lo
bbie
s,lo
unge
s, p
ublic
toile
t fac
ilitie
s,re
stau
rant
cor
-ri
dors
, lau
ndri
es, e
leva
tors
, and
all
othe
rpu
blic
area
s w
hich
the
disa
bled
wou
ld u
se in
com
mon
with
the
able
bod
ied.
Mor
e sp
ecia
lized
mod
ifi-
catio
ns a
nd a
ltera
tions
of
the
units
whi
ch th
eag
ed a
nd d
isab
led
wou
ldoc
cupy
sho
uld
beun
dert
aken
on
an in
divi
dual
ized
bas
is.
The
sta
ndar
d sp
ecif
icat
ions
sho
uld
be a
pplie
dpa
rtic
ular
ly to
hou
sing
pro
ject
s fi
nanc
ed in
who
leor
in p
art w
ith p
ublic
fun
ds.
Am
endm
ent o
f M
odel
Bui
ldin
g C
odes
The
fou
r m
odel
bui
ldin
g co
des
shou
ld b
ean
a-ly
zed
and
amen
ded
and,
as
a st
art o
n a
com
pre-
hens
ive
mod
ific
atio
n pr
ogra
m,
a dr
ive
shou
ld b
em
ade
to g
et th
e bu
ildin
g co
des
of th
e 25
larg
est
citie
s m
odif
ied.
Acc
essi
ble
Scho
ols
of H
ighe
r E
duca
tion
The
re s
houl
d be
at l
east
one
col
lege
or u
nive
r-si
ty in
eve
ry r
egio
n of
the
Nat
ion
whi
ch is
de-
sign
ed s
o th
at s
erio
usly
dis
able
d st
uden
tsca
nat
tend
with
out h
avin
g to
hav
e sp
ecia
lar
rang
e-m
ents
mad
e fo
r th
em. T
hese
inst
itutio
ns w
ould
serv
e as
dem
onst
ratio
ns a
nd, b
y ho
ldin
g w
ork-
shop
s fo
r un
iver
sity
pla
nner
s an
d ar
chite
cts,
build
ers,
and
sim
ilar
grou
ps, c
ould
stim
ulat
eot
her
colle
ges
and
univ
ersi
ties
in th
e re
gion
tom
ake
thei
r fa
cilit
ies
barr
ier
free
.
Citi
zens
' Adv
isor
y G
roup
A f
inal
and
maj
or r
ecom
men
datio
n of
the
Com
-m
issi
on is
for
the
esta
blis
hmen
t of
a pe
rman
ent
Nat
iona
l Adv
isor
y C
omm
ittee
on E
nvir
onm
en-
tal B
arri
ers
as a
suc
cess
or to
this
Com
mis
sion
.Su
ch a
com
mitt
ee o
r co
unci
l is
need
ed to
giv
eco
ntin
uing
atte
ntio
n to
legi
slat
ion,
to f
ollo
wth
roug
h on
the
Com
mis
sion
's r
ecom
men
datio
ns,
and
to p
rovi
de a
dir
ect l
ine
of c
omm
unic
atio
nw
ith F
eder
al o
ffic
ials
for
the
grow
ing
num
ber
of c
itize
ns w
ho a
re c
once
rned
abo
ut th
e pr
oble
man
d w
ho lo
ok to
thei
r go
vern
men
t to
assi
st in
solv
ing
it.
19
APP
EN
DIX
I
'Witn
esse
s in
Ord
erof
App
eara
nce
SUM
NE
R W
HIT
TIE
R,
Exe
cutiv
eD
irec
tor
Nat
iona
l Eas
ter
Seal
Soc
iety
for
Cri
p-pl
ed C
hild
ren
and
Adu
ltsC
hica
go, I
ll.
DO
NA
LD
FE
AR
.N, D
irec
tor
Arc
hite
ctur
al B
arri
ers
Proj
ect
Nat
iona
l Eas
ter
Seal
Soc
iety
for
Cri
p-pl
ed C
hild
ren
and
Adu
ltsC
hica
go, I
ll.
RO
NA
LD
JU
NIU
S, A
ssis
tant
Dir
ecto
rA
rchi
tect
ural
Bar
rier
s Pr
ojec
tN
atio
nal E
aste
r Se
al S
ocie
ty f
or C
rip-
pled
Chi
ldre
n an
d A
dults
Chi
cago
, Ill.
WIL
LIA
M P
. McC
AH
ILL
, Exe
cutiv
eSe
cret
ary
Pres
iden
t's C
omm
ittee
on
Em
ploy
men
tof
the
Han
dica
pped
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
ED
MO
ND
J. L
EO
NA
RD
, Ass
ista
ntD
irec
tor
of I
nfor
mat
ion
Pres
iden
t's C
omm
ittee
on
Em
ploy
men
tof
the
Han
dica
pped
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
HA
RR
Y S
CH
WE
IKE
RT
Para
lyze
d V
eter
ans
of A
mer
ica,
Inc
.,an
d N
atio
nal P
arap
legi
a Fo
unda
tion
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
E. B
. WH
ITT
EN
, Dir
ecto
rT
he N
atio
nal R
ehab
ilita
tion
Ass
ocia
-tio
nW
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.
JAM
ES
A. P
AR
KE
R, A
ctin
g C
hief
Arc
hite
ctur
al B
arri
ers
Proj
ect
Gen
eral
Ser
vice
s A
dmin
istr
atio
nW
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.
TH
E H
ON
OR
AB
LE
OT
TO
KE
RN
ER
Gov
erno
r of
Illi
nois
Spri
ngfi
eld,
Ill.
AL
FRE
D S
LIC
ER
, Dir
ecto
rD
ivis
ion
of V
ocat
iona
l Reh
abili
tatio
nSp
ring
fiel
d, I
ll.
DA
VID
HE
NR
Y, P
resi
dent
Uni
vers
ity o
f Il
linoi
sC
ham
paig
n, I
ll.
TIM
OT
HY
NU
GE
NT
, Pro
fess
orU
nive
rsity
of
Illin
ois
Cha
mpa
ign,
Ill.
DR
. GU
Y R
EN
ZA
GL
IASo
uthe
rn I
llino
is U
nive
rsity
Car
bond
ale,
Ill.
DR
. HE
NR
Y B
ET
TS,
Dir
ecto
rR
ehab
ilita
tion
Inst
itute
Chi
cago
, Ill.
RA
Y D
ICK
EN
SON
Adm
inis
trat
ion
Vis
ually
Han
dica
pped
Serv
ices
Spri
ngfi
eld,
Ill.
DR
. WIL
LIA
M G
EL
LM
AN
Gen
eral
Voc
atio
nal S
ervi
ces
Chi
cago
, Ill.
ED
WA
RD
MA
TT
HE
IT
he P
erki
ns &
Will
Par
tner
ship
Chi
cago
, Ill.
DW
IGH
T G
UIL
FOIL
, Pre
side
ntPa
rapl
egic
s M
anuf
actu
ring
, Co.
, Inc
.B
ense
nvill
e, I
ll.
FRE
D F
AY
, Stu
dent
Uni
vers
ity o
f Il
linoi
sC
ham
paig
n, I
ll.
HE
NR
Y V
ISC
kRD
IH
uman
Res
ourc
es F
ound
atio
nA
lber
tson
, N.Y
.
EU
GE
NE
NIC
KE
RSO
N, C
ount
yM
anag
erN
assa
u C
ount
y, N
.Y.
HO
WA
RD
RU
SK, D
irec
tor
Inst
itute
of
Reh
abili
tatio
n M
edic
ine
New
Yor
k, N
.Y.
p
ME
LV
ILL
E D
AU
SPa
rk D
epar
tmen
tN
ew Y
ork,
N.Y
.
CO
UR
TN
EY
CA
LL
EN
DA
RPa
rk D
epar
tmen
tN
ew Y
ork,
N.Y
.JO
SEPH
FE
NT
ON
, Ph.
D.
Exe
cutiv
e Se
cret
ary
of th
eG
over
nor's
Cou
ncil
onR
ehab
ilita
tion
Alb
any,
N.Y
.
WIL
LIA
M C
OR
RE
AL
EN
ew Y
ork
City
Cod
e St
udy
Poly
tech
nic
Inst
itute
of
Bro
okly
nB
rook
lyn,
N.Y
.C
OL
UM
BU
S E
. LO
RD
Off
ice
of th
e A
ssis
tant
Sec
reta
ry o
fD
efen
seW
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.
EM
ILE
de
AR
MA
SD
irec
tor
of th
e Pr
elim
inar
y Pl
anni
ngSe
rvic
e, O
ffic
eof
the
Ass
ista
nt A
dmin
istr
ator
for
Con
stru
ctio
nV
eter
ans'
Adm
inis
trat
ion
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.R
ICH
AR
D K
RE
MB
Arc
hite
ctur
al D
ivis
ion,
Off
ice
of R
esea
rch
and
Eng
inee
ring
Post
Off
ice
Dep
artm
ent
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.M
OSE
S G
OZ
ON
SKY
, Act
ing
Dir
ecto
rE
lder
ly a
nd H
andi
capp
ed H
ousi
ngD
epar
tmen
t of
Hou
sing
and
Urb
anD
evel
opm
ent
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.R
OB
ER
T W
EA
VE
R, S
ecre
tary
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ousi
ng a
nd U
rban
Dev
elop
men
tW
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.
JOH
N W
. ED
EL
MA
NN
atio
nal C
ounc
il of
Sen
ior
Citi
zens
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
MIS
S B
EV
ER
LY
DIA
MO
ND
Nat
iona
l Cou
ncil
on A
ging
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
MR
S. A
LL
AN
B. F
AY
Dis
tric
t of
Col
umbi
a A
rchi
tect
ural
Bar
rier
sC
omm
ittee
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.G
OR
DO
N M
. FR
EE
MA
NIn
tern
atio
nal P
resi
dent
of
the
Inte
rnat
iona
lB
roth
er-
hood
of
Ele
ctri
cal W
orke
rsW
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.
WIL
LIA
M L
OT
ZA
ssoc
iate
d G
ener
al C
ontr
acto
rsPh
ilade
lphi
a, P
a.
RA
YM
ON
D J
OH
NSO
NA
ssoc
iate
d G
ener
al C
ontr
acto
rsW
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.
CH
AR
LE
S M
cBR
IDE
Ass
ocia
ted
Gen
eral
Con
trac
tors
Phila
delp
hia,
Pa.
BE
RT
RA
M B
ER
EN
SON
, AIA
Dir
ecto
r of
Stu
dy "
Phys
ical
Env
iron
men
tan
d Sp
ecia
lE
duca
tion,
Cou
ncil
of E
xcep
tiona
lC
hild
ren,
Na-
tiona
l Edu
catio
n A
ssoc
iatio
nW
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.
RO
BE
RT
DIL
LO
NA
rchi
tect
ural
Bar
rier
s Pr
ojec
tA
mer
ican
Ins
titut
e of
Arc
hite
cts
Bet
hesd
a, M
d.
ED
WA
RD
H. N
OA
KE
SA
rchi
tect
ural
Bar
rier
s Pr
ojec
t.A
mer
ican
Ins
titut
e of
Arc
hite
cts
Bet
hesd
a, M
d.
JOSE
PH H
UN
T, C
omm
issi
oner
Reh
abili
tatio
n Se
rvic
es A
dmin
istr
atio
nW
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.
MA
RY
E. S
WIT
ZE
R, A
dmin
istr
ator
Soci
al a
nd R
ehab
ilita
tion
Serv
ice
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
LA
WR
EN
CE
WIL
LIA
MS
Nat
iona
l Lea
gue
of C
ities
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
.
Fede
ral G
over
nmen
tL
iais
on G
roup
MR
S. A
DA
B. S
TO
UG
HO
ffic
e of
Pro
gram
Pol
icy
and
Info
rmat
ion
Adm
inis
trat
ion
on A
ging
MR
. ISA
DO
RE
H. B
OR
GE
NB
urea
u of
Dis
abili
ty I
nsur
ance
Soci
al S
ecur
ity A
dmin
istr
atio
n
DR
. JO
HN
L. C
AM
ER
ON
Div
isio
n of
Sta
te A
genc
y C
oope
ratio
nO
ffic
e of
Edu
catio
n
MR
. JO
HN
RE
ESE
Div
isio
n of
Hos
pita
l and
Med
ical
Faci
litie
sPu
blic
Hea
lth S
ervi
ce
MR
. A. R
OR
KE
VA
NST
ON
Div
isio
n of
Men
tal R
etar
datio
nR
ehab
ilita
tion
Serv
ices
Adm
inis
trat
ion
DR
. LO
UIS
SPE
KT
ER
Chi
ldre
n's
Bur
eau
Soci
al a
nd R
ehab
ilita
tion
Serv
ice
MR
. HO
WA
RD
ME
TC
AL
FO
ffic
e of
Ass
ista
nt S
ecre
tary
of
Def
ense
Dep
artm
ent o
f D
efen
se
MR
. DA
VID
BR
EG
MA
NO
ffic
e of
Res
earc
h an
d E
ngin
eeri
ngPo
st O
ffic
e D
epar
tmen
t
MR
. LE
O W
ER
TS
Ass
ista
nt S
ecre
tary
for
Adm
inis
trat
ion
Dep
artm
ent o
f L
abor
MR
. HO
WA
RD
MA
CK
EY
FHA
Tec
hnic
al S
tudi
esD
epar
tmen
t of
Hou
sing
and
Urb
an D
evel
opm
ent
MR
. JA
ME
S A
. PA
RK
ER
Arc
hite
ctur
al P
roje
ct R
evie
w S
ectio
n, O
ffic
e of
Des
ign
Gen
eral
Ser
vice
s A
dmin
istr
atio
n
MR
. EM
ILE
DE
AR
MA
SO
ffic
e of
the
Ass
ista
nt A
dmin
istr
ator
for
Con
stru
ctio
nV
eter
ans
Adm
inis
trat
ion
MR
. EL
ME
R M
OST
OW
Dir
ecto
r of
Pla
nt a
nd O
pera
tions
Dep
artm
ent o
f A
gric
ultu
re
MR
. N. 0
. WO
OD
, JR
.D
irec
tor
of O
ffic
e of
Man
agem
ent O
pera
tions
Dep
artm
ent o
f In
teri
orM
R. J
AM
ES
HO
BA
ND
esig
n St
anda
rds
Bra
nch
Fede
ral A
viat
ion
Age
ncy
MR
. ED
MO
ND
LE
ON
AR
DD
irec
tor
of I
nfor
mat
ion
Pres
iden
t's C
omm
ittee
on
Em
ploy
men
t of
the
Han
dica
pped
MR
. R. K
EN
NE
TH
BA
RN
ES
Div
isio
n of
Reh
abili
tatio
n Fa
cilit
ies
Reh
abili
tatio
n Se
rvic
es A
dmin
istr
atio
n
293-
862
0 -
68 -
4
APP
EN
DIX
II
Rep
ort o
f th
e Fe
dera
lA
genc
ies
in E
limin
atin
g A
rchi
tect
ural
Bar
rier
sin
Gov
ernm
ent B
uild
ings
TH
E P
RE
SID
EN
T'S
CO
MM
ITT
EE
ON
EM
PLO
YM
EN
T O
F T
HE
HA
ND
ICA
PPE
D, W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.0 2
0210
Fore
wor
dT
his
repo
rt r
epre
sent
s a
revi
sion
of
a si
mila
rsu
rvey
mad
e in
Apr
il 19
66 a
mon
gth
e Fe
dera
lag
enci
es a
nd d
epar
tmen
ts. I
t int
ends
to s
how
how
Gov
ernm
ent a
dmin
istr
ator
s ha
ve ta
ken
the
lead
in a
ssur
ing
that
han
dica
pped
citi
zens
are
ass
ured
entr
y an
d us
e of
pub
lic b
uild
ings
, whe
ther
as
empl
oyee
s or
vis
itors
.In
late
196
1 th
is C
omm
ittee
con
tact
ed a
ll Fe
d-er
al a
genc
ies
to d
istr
ibut
e co
pies
of
a ne
wly
issu
edse
t of
spec
ific
atio
ns, "
Mak
ing
Bui
ldin
gs a
nd F
a-ci
litie
s A
cces
sibl
e to
, and
Usa
ble
by, t
he P
hysi
cally
Han
dica
pped
." T
hese
sta
ndar
ds, d
evel
oped
un-
der
the
cosp
onso
rshi
p of
the
Pres
iden
t's C
om-
mitt
ee a
nd th
e N
atio
nal S
ocie
ty f
or C
ripp
led
Chi
ldre
n an
d A
dults
, rec
eive
d th
e ap
prov
al o
fth
e A
mer
ican
Sta
ndar
ds A
ssoc
iatio
n.O
n oc
casi
on o
f th
e pu
blic
atio
n of
thes
e sp
eci-
fica
tions
, the
late
Pre
side
nt K
enne
dy c
omm
ente
dth
at :
"The
acc
epta
nce
and
adop
tion
of th
ese
stan
dard
sno
w b
ecom
es th
e bu
sine
ss o
fci
tizen
s an
d go
vern
-m
enta
l aut
hori
ties
ever
ywhe
re. I
am
sur
e th
eyw
ill r
ise
to th
e ch
alle
nge.
"I c
an f
urth
er a
ssur
e yo
u th
at th
e ag
enci
es a
ndde
part
men
ts o
f th
e Fe
dera
l Gov
ernm
ent t
hat
com
e un
der
the
juri
sdic
tion
of m
yof
fice
will
giv
efu
ll su
ppor
t to
this
wor
thy
proj
ect."
Thi
s re
port
dem
onst
rate
s th
at th
e Fe
dera
lau
thor
ities
, des
pite
som
e pr
oble
ms
yet t
o be
solv
ed, h
ave
met
the
chal
leng
e ad
mir
ably
. The
yde
serv
e th
e hi
ghes
t pra
ise
for
thei
r ef
fort
s.W
hat i
s pa
rtic
ular
ly h
eart
enin
g is
the
prog
ress
mad
e si
nce
the
last
- re
port
was
com
pile
d. I
t is
mos
t gra
tifyi
ng to
not
e th
at th
e G
ener
al S
ervi
ces
Adm
inis
trat
ion'
s sp
ecif
icat
ions
hav
e be
en m
odi-
fied
sub
stan
tially
dur
ing
the
past
yea
r to
giv
em
uch
mor
e de
sign
con
side
ratio
n to
the
need
s of
the
hand
icap
ped.
HA
RO
LD
RU
SSE
LL
,C
hair
man
. 23
DE
PAR
TM
EN
T O
FA
GR
ICU
LT
UR
E
Cop
ies
of th
e A
SA S
tand
ard
1 w
ere
sent
to a
ll
Dep
artm
ent a
genc
ies
inA
pril
1962
. Con
form
-
ance
with
thes
e sp
ecif
icat
ions
isus
ual p
roce
dure
in la
rge
cons
truc
tion
proj
ects
, whi
ch a
re h
andl
ed
by G
SA. S
mal
ler
build
ings
usua
lly o
ne-s
tory
rese
arch
fac
ilitie
sare
hand
led
by D
epar
tmen
tag
enci
es d
irec
tly. D
esig
ncr
iteri
a us
ed b
y th
e D
e-
part
men
t and
its
cont
ract
arch
itect
s is
sim
ilar
toth
at u
sed
by G
SA a
ndco
nfor
ms
to th
e A
SA
Stan
dard
.Fo
r ex
ampl
e, th
een
gine
erin
g m
anua
l of
the
Fore
st S
ervi
cest
ates
that
"w
here
phy
sica
llyha
ndic
appe
d pe
rson
s in
clud
ing
whe
elch
air
oc-
cupa
nts
may
be
expe
cted
to b
e em
ploy
edin
offi
ces
owne
d by
or
unde
r th
e ad
min
istr
ativ
eco
ntro
l of
the
Fore
stSe
rvic
e, p
rovi
sion
for
acc
ess
and
faci
litie
s fo
r th
eir
use
shal
l be
prov
ided
or
desi
gned
so
that
they
can
be r
eadi
ly m
odi-
fied
..
." a
nd a
lso,
"D
esig
nsfo
r co
nstr
uctio
n of
new
bui
ldin
gsan
d re
late
d fa
cilit
ies
to s
erve
the
publ
ic s
hall
be d
evel
oped
with
spe
cifi
c co
nsid
era-
tion
to m
akin
g th
efa
cilit
ies
acce
ssib
le to
the
phys
ical
ly h
andi
capp
ed,
whe
re a
n ac
tual
or
antic
ipat
ed n
eed
exis
ts."
The
man
ual a
lso
au-
thor
izes
mod
ific
atio
n of
exis
ting
stru
ctur
es a
long
thes
e lin
es w
here
ade
mon
stra
ted
need
exi
sts,
and
refe
rs to
the
ASA
Stan
dard
as
a gu
ide
inde
velo
ping
bui
ldin
g de
sign
s.T
he D
epar
tmen
t rec
ently
bega
n pa
rtic
ipat
ing
in g
rant
-spo
nsor
edco
nstr
uctio
n, p
rim
arily
re-
sear
ch f
acili
ties
cons
truc
ted
by c
olle
ges
and
uni-
vers
ities
. Det
ails
of
cons
truc
tion
have
gen
eral
ly
follo
wed
the
prac
tice
of th
epa
rtic
ular
inst
itutio
n,
with
out a
rev
iew
of
the
plan
san
d sp
ecif
icat
ions
by th
e D
epar
tmen
t to
assu
reco
nfor
man
ce to
the
24
Now
kno
wn
as 1
.1SA
SI S
tand
ards
.
ASA
Sta
ndar
d. H
owev
er,
such
a r
evie
w w
ill b
e
done
in th
e fu
ture
.L
ease
d fa
cilit
ies
in la
rger
met
ropo
litan
are
as
are
prov
ided
by G
SA. I
n sm
alle
r to
wns
the
De-
part
men
t lea
ses
its o
wn
faci
litie
s fo
r pe
riod
s no
t
to e
xcee
d 1
year
.W
ithin
the
limits
ct
avai
labl
e
spac
e an
dfu
nds,
and
fol
low
ing
usua
l Gov
ern-
men
t con
trac
ting
proc
edur
e, th
e D
epar
tmen
ttr
ies
to s
ecur
e le
ased
spa
ce a
tgr
ound
-flo
or le
vel
with
con
veni
ent p
arki
ngan
d w
ith a
cces
s w
ithou
tst
airs
and
oth
er o
bstr
uctio
n.E
xper
ienc
e w
ith G
SA h
asbe
en g
ener
ally
goo
d
with
reg
ard
to n
ewco
nstr
uctio
n. I
n so
me
smal
l
new
bui
ldin
gs n
oel
evat
ors
or r
amps
are
pro
-vi
ded
for
seco
nd f
loor
offi
ces.
Som
e of
the
spac
e
offe
red
the
Dep
artm
ent
in o
ld F
eder
al b
uild
-in
gsev
en s
ome
whi
ch a
reex
tens
ivel
y m
oder
n-
ized
is a
lmos
t ina
cces
sibl
e to
hand
icap
ped
or
elde
rly
peop
le a
s it
islo
cate
d in
bas
emen
ts o
r
very
hig
hse
cond
flo
or w
alku
ps.
DE
PAR
TM
EN
T O
F D
EFE
NSE
The
con
stru
ctio
nag
enci
es o
f th
e D
epar
tmen
ts
of th
e A
rmy,
Nav
y,an
d A
ir F
orce
hav
edi
rect
juri
sdic
tion
over
the
prov
isio
n of
fac
ilitie
s fo
r
publ
ic u
se. (
See
the
indi
vidu
al r
epor
ts f
rom
thes
e
Dep
artm
ents
.)T
he D
epar
tmen
t ofD
efen
se a
dvis
ed th
e A
rmy,
Nav
y, a
nd A
ir F
orce
earl
y in
196
2 to
take
im-
med
iate
act
ion
toin
corp
orat
e th
e pr
ovis
ions
of
the
ASA
Sta
ndar
d in
tode
sign
s an
d sp
ecif
icat
ions
for
new
bui
ldin
gs a
ndfa
cilit
ies,
as
wel
l as
for
maj
or m
odif
icat
ions
whe
reve
r ap
prop
riat
ean
d
feas
ible
.In
fac
ilitie
s un
der
the
juri
sdic
tion
of th
e G
en-
eral
Ser
vice
s A
dmin
istr
atio
n,th
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Def
ense
is n
ot a
war
e of
any
inst
ance
s w
here
ac-
cess
ibili
ty to
the
hand
icap
ped
and
elde
rly
has
not
been
ade
quat
ely
prov
ided
.
DE
PAR
TM
EN
T O
F T
HE
AR
MY
The
Arm
y's
Eng
inee
r M
anua
lpr
escr
ibes
the
crite
ria
for
feat
ures
to m
ake
exis
ting
and
new
build
ings
and
fac
ilitie
s de
sign
edby
the
Cor
ps o
fE
ngin
eers
acc
essi
ble
to a
ndus
able
by
the
hand
i-ca
pped
. The
cri
teri
a ar
eap
plic
able
to b
oth
mili
-
tary
and
civ
il w
orks
cons
truc
tion,
and
inco
rpor
ate
the
prov
isio
ns o
f th
e A
SASt
anda
rd w
ith th
efo
llow
ing
exce
ptio
ns :
a. E
leva
tors
will
not
be
prov
ided
for
str
uctu
res
less
than
fou
r st
orie
s hi
ghun
less
oth
erw
ise
re-
quir
ed o
r pe
rmitt
ed f
or a
part
icul
ar s
truc
ture
,su
ch a
s a
heal
th f
acili
ty.
b. T
he c
rite
ria
will
not
be
appl
ied
in th
e de
-si
gn o
f ba
rrac
ks, b
ache
loro
ffic
er q
uart
ers,
fam
ilyho
usin
g, o
pera
tiona
l str
uctu
res
not o
pen
to c
ivil-
ians
, or
build
ings
whe
re th
eem
ploy
men
t of
phys
-
ical
ly h
andi
capp
ed is
not
perm
itted
bec
ause
of
a ha
zard
ous
activ
ity. T
he c
rite
ria
will
not
be a
p-
plie
d to
civ
il w
orks
con
stru
ctio
nin
rem
ote
and
inac
cess
ible
loca
tions
, exc
ept w
here
phys
ical
lyha
ndic
appe
d pe
rson
s ar
e lik
ely
tobe
em
ploy
ed
or to
use
pum
ping
plan
ts, p
ower
plan
ts, a
nd s
imi-
lar
stru
ctur
es.
c. T
he c
rite
ria
will
not
be
appl
ied
whe
re th
eir
appl
icat
ion
wou
ld c
ause
the
cost
of
the
faci
lity
to e
xcee
d th
e lim
itatio
nses
tabl
ishe
d in
legi
sla-
tive
or d
epar
tmen
tal l
angu
age.
The
man
ual s
tate
s ge
nera
lly th
atin
crea
sing
num
bers
of
phys
ical
ly h
andi
capp
ed p
erso
ns a
rebe
ing
empl
oyed
by
indu
stry
and
man
yph
ysic
ally
hand
icap
ped
civi
lian
spec
ialis
ts a
ndpr
ofes
sion
al
pers
ons
are
bein
gem
ploy
ed b
y th
e G
over
nmen
t.M
ilita
ry a
nd c
ivil
wor
ks s
truc
ture
s w
illth
eref
ore
be d
esig
ned
to f
acili
tate
acc
ess
for
all
such
per
-
sons
hav
ing
ale
gitim
ate
reas
on f
or e
ntry
and
use
of s
uch
mili
tary
con
stru
ctio
n as
adm
inis
trat
ive,
educ
atio
nal,
ente
rtai
nmen
t, an
dre
ligio
us f
acili
-
ties
cons
truc
ted
for
the
Arm
y, a
nd s
uch
civi
lw
orks
fac
ilitie
s as
adm
inis
trat
ive
build
ings
, pub
-
lic-a
cces
s po
rtio
ns o
f da
ms,
pow
erho
uses
, and
lock
s; v
isito
r ov
erlo
oks,
and
publ
ic-u
se a
reas
.A
pplic
atio
n of
the
crite
ria
will
be c
onsi
dere
d
for
all n
ew p
roje
cts.
Exi
stin
gpr
ojec
ts a
nd th
ose
unde
r co
nstr
uctio
n w
ill b
e re
view
edw
ith th
e ob
-
ject
ive
of a
pply
ing
the
crite
ria.
Min
or a
ltera
tions
may
be
acco
mpl
ishe
d by
the
dist
rict
engi
neer
with
out a
ppro
val b
y hi
gher
eche
lons
. Mem
oran
-du
ms
on n
ew p
roje
cts
mus
tin
dica
te th
at th
epr
opos
ed f
acili
ties
acco
mm
odat
eth
e ph
ysic
ally
hand
icap
ped.
The
Arm
y is
not
, aw
are
of a
nyin
stan
ce w
here
faci
litie
s un
der
the
juri
sdic
tion
ofth
e G
ener
alSe
rvic
es A
dmin
istr
atio
n ha
ve n
otpr
ovid
ed a
cces
-
sibi
lity
to th
e ha
ndic
appe
d.
DE
PAR
TM
EN
T O
F T
HE
NA
VY
The
Nav
al F
acili
ties
Eng
inee
ring
Com
man
d,w
hich
has
juri
sdic
tion
over
cons
truc
tion
and
mod
ific
atio
n of
Nav
y-ow
ned
faci
litie
san
d le
asin
g
of p
riva
te f
acili
ties
for
limite
dpu
blic
use
, ado
pted
in S
epte
mbe
r 19
62 th
e U
SASt
anda
rds
Inst
itute
,St
anda
rd S
peci
fica
tions
for
Mak
ing
Bui
ldin
gs
and
Faci
litie
s A
cces
sibl
e to
,an
d U
sabl
e by
, the
Phys
ical
ly H
andi
capp
ed, A
117.
1.Su
bseq
uent
ly,
the
Nav
al F
acili
ties
Eng
inee
ring
Com
man
d re
-vi
sed
its D
esig
n M
anua
l on
Arc
hite
ctur
e to
in-
clud
e th
ese
stan
dard
s. T
heC
omm
and
furt
her
dire
cted
that
exi
stin
g ap
prop
riat
ebu
ildin
gs b
em
odif
ied
to p
rovi
de f
or s
uita
ble
use
by th
e ph
ysi-
cally
han
dica
pped
whe
n th
is c
anbe
acc
ompl
ishe
d
with
out s
igni
fica
nt in
crea
sed
cost
.It
was
par
ticu-
larl
y em
phas
ized
that
bui
ldin
gs,s
uch
as h
ospi
tals
,
scho
ols,
dis
pens
arie
s, a
udito
rium
s, c
hape
lsan
dad
min
istr
ativ
e bu
ildin
gs b
e gi
ven
prim
ary
con-
side
ratio
n. S
peci
al d
esig
n co
nsid
erat
ions
are
be-
ing
give
n to
suc
h ite
ms
as d
rink
ing
foun
tain
s,to
ilet s
talls
, tel
epho
ne b
ooth
s an
d sp
ecia
l ram
ps.
It is
not
con
side
red
that
the
stan
dard
s sh
ould
be
appl
ied
to b
arra
cks,
BO
Q's
,ind
ustr
ial-
and
sho
p-
type
bui
ldin
gs, o
r to
any
build
ing
whi
ch w
ould
requ
ire
the
addi
tion
of a
nel
evat
or to
mak
e th
est
anda
rd e
ffec
tive.
DE
PAR
TM
EN
T O
F T
HE
AIR
FO
RC
E
The
Air
For
ce is
sup
port
ing
the
Pres
iden
t'spr
ogra
m to
mak
e bu
ildin
gs a
nd f
acili
ties
mor
eac
cess
ible
to h
andi
capp
ed c
itize
ns. U
nder
its
polic
ies
the
Air
For
ce h
as d
evot
ed p
artic
ular
atte
ntio
n to
pro
visi
on o
f ra
mp
acce
ss a
nd e
gres
san
d ot
her
stru
ctur
al p
rovi
sion
s fo
r th
e ha
ndi-
capp
ed. A
s an
exa
mpl
e, n
ew m
ajor
com
man
dhe
adqu
arte
rs in
corp
orat
e su
ch f
eatu
res.
Sim
ilar
prov
isio
ns a
re in
clud
ed to
the
max
imum
ext
ent
prac
ticab
le in
the
desi
gn o
f m
otio
n pi
ctur
eth
e-
ater
s, e
xcha
nges
, clu
bs, a
ndte
chni
cal f
acili
ties
serv
ing
or h
irin
g th
e pu
blic
and
the
hand
icap
ped.
A g
ener
al p
olic
y st
atem
ent f
rom
the
Air
For
ceM
anua
l on
Faci
lity
Des
ign
and
Con
stru
ctio
n is
quot
ed: "
Incr
easi
ng n
umbe
rs o
f ph
ysic
ally
han
d-ic
appe
d pe
rson
s ar
e be
ing
empl
oyed
by
indu
stry
as s
ales
rep
rese
ntat
ives
, con
sulta
nts,
and
advi
sers
.
Man
y ph
ysic
ally
han
dica
pped
civ
ilian
spe
cial
-is
ts a
nd p
rofe
ssio
nal p
erso
ns a
re b
eing
em
ploy
edby
the
Gov
ernm
ent.
Mili
tary
str
uctu
res
ther
efor
ew
ill b
e de
sign
ed to
fac
ilita
te a
cces
s fo
r al
l per
-so
ns w
ith a
legi
timat
e re
ason
for
ent
ry in
to o
rus
e of
the
stru
ctur
es a
nd f
acili
ties.
Mos
t adm
inis
-tr
ativ
e, e
duca
tiona
l, en
tert
ainm
ent,
and
relig
ious
faci
litie
s co
nstr
ucte
d fo
r th
e A
ir F
orce
are
like
lyto
be
used
by
the
phys
ical
ly h
andi
capp
ed."
26
The
pro
visi
ons
for
phys
ical
ly h
andi
capp
ed p
er-
sons
em
ploy
ed b
y th
eA
ir F
orce
con
form
to th
ecr
iteri
a in
the
ASA
Sta
ndar
d, s
ubje
ct to
thes
e
exce
ptio
ns :
a. U
nles
s ot
herw
ise
requ
ired
or
perm
itted
for
a pa
rtic
ular
str
uctu
re, p
asse
nger
elev
ator
s w
illno
t be
prov
ided
for
str
uctu
res
ofle
ss th
an f
our
stor
ies
high
. Med
ical
fac
ilitie
s in
mul
tiple
-sto
rybu
ildin
gs, h
owev
er, a
reau
thor
ized
to h
ave
ele-
vato
rs c
onfo
rmin
g to
the
requ
irem
ents
of th
eA
SA S
tand
ard.
b. E
xclu
ded
stru
ctur
es in
clud
e m
ilita
ry c
on-
stru
ctio
n. T
he c
rite
ria
will
not
be
appl
ied
inth
ede
sign
of
barr
acks
, bac
helo
rof
fice
r qu
arte
rs, o
p-er
atio
nal s
truc
ture
s no
t ope
n to
civ
ilian
s, n
orbu
ildin
gs w
here
the
empl
oym
ent
of p
hysi
cally
hand
icap
ped
pers
ons
is n
ot p
erm
itted
beca
use
of
haza
rdou
s ac
tivity
.cl
The
cri
teri
a w
ill n
ot b
e ap
plie
d w
here
thei
rap
plic
atio
n w
ill c
ause
the
cost
of th
e fa
cilit
y to
exce
ed th
e lim
itatio
ns e
stab
lishe
d in
legi
slat
ion
or d
epar
tmen
tal a
ctio
n.W
here
Air
For
ce p
erso
nnel
occ
upy
the
Gen
-er
al S
ervi
ces
Adm
inis
trat
ion'
s fa
cilit
ies,
the
build
-in
gs h
ave
been
mad
eac
cess
ible
to a
nd u
sabl
e by
phys
ical
ly h
andi
capp
ed p
eopl
ein
all
know
n ca
ses.
NA
TIO
NA
L A
ER
ON
AU
TIC
SA
ND
SPA
CE
AD
MIN
IST
RA
TIO
N
In e
arly
196
2 co
pies
of
the
ASA
Sta
ndar
dsw
ere
dist
ribu
ted
toal
l per
sons
con
cern
ed w
ithco
nstr
uctio
n an
d m
anag
emen
t of
NA
SAfa
cili-
ties.
A n
umbe
r of
bui
ldin
gs w
ere
mod
ifie
din
ac-
cord
ance
with
the
stan
dard
to p
rovi
desa
fer
wor
king
are
as a
nd p
lace
sfo
r N
ASA
's h
andi
-
capp
ed e
mpl
oyee
s. R
amps
,w
here
req
uire
d, w
ere
inst
alle
d at
bui
ldin
g en
tran
ces,
and
arr
ange
men
tsm
ade
for
empl
oyee
s in
whe
elch
airs
, or
who
use
crut
ches
, for
spe
cial
par
king
are
as. E
mpl
oyee
sw
ith h
eart
con
ditio
ns o
r in
whe
elch
airs
usua
llyar
e as
sign
ed to
jobs
on
the
firs
t flo
or in
mul
ti-st
orie
d bu
ildin
gs w
ithou
t ele
vato
rs.
In m
ost
case
s, s
tair
s, d
oors
, tel
epho
nes,
res
troo
ms,
and
war
ning
sig
nals
con
form
rea
sona
bly
clos
e to
the
spec
ific
atio
ns.
Lat
er, d
esig
n cr
iteri
a an
d st
anda
rds
for
new
cons
truc
tion
or m
odif
icat
ion
ofno
nope
ratio
nal
type
str
uctu
res
wer
e ad
opte
d w
hich
, in
gene
ral,
mee
tor
exce
edth
eA
mer
ican
Stan
dard
Spec
ific
atio
n.In
the
area
of
gran
ts f
or c
onst
ruct
ion
of r
e-se
arch
faci
litie
s at
col
lege
s an
d un
iver
sitie
s,N
ASA
take
s pa
rtic
ular
car
e to
insu
re th
at it
sow
nst
anda
rds
will
be
mai
ntai
ned.
Use
of
NA
SA d
e-si
gn c
rite
ria
is r
ecom
men
ded,
rev
iew
s of
des
igns
are
cond
ucte
d, a
nd a
ssis
tanc
e by
NA
SA F
ield
Cen
ter
tech
nica
l per
sonn
el n
eare
st th
eco
llege
or
univ
ersi
ty is
fur
nish
ed.
Rec
ently
NA
SA h
as u
nder
take
n a
tota
l rev
iew
of p
ract
ices
and
pro
cedu
res
inre
gard
to c
onst
ruc-
tion
and
real
prop
erty
. Dir
ect r
efer
ence
to th
eA
SA S
tand
ard
is p
lann
ed f
orin
corp
orat
ion
info
rthc
omin
g re
visi
ons
of N
ASA
pol
icy
dire
ctiv
esco
veri
ng d
esig
n cr
iteri
a an
d co
nstr
uctio
n st
and-
ards
, and
the
leas
ing
ofpr
oper
ty f
or N
ASA
use
.Pe
ndin
g is
suan
ce o
f su
ch r
evis
ions
, we
have
agai
n ca
lled
the
subj
ect o
f A
SA S
tand
ards
to th
eat
tent
ion
ofpe
rson
s co
ncer
ned
with
con
stru
ctio
nan
dm
anag
emen
t of
NA
SA f
acili
ties
and
the
leas
ing
of s
pace
. Fie
ld in
spec
tions
of
faci
litie
sw
ill c
ontin
ue to
em
phas
ize
the
need
to a
scer
tain
and
corr
ect d
efic
ienc
ies.
POST
OFF
ICE
DE
PAR
TM
EN
T
The
Pos
t Off
ice
Dep
artm
ent's
res
pons
ibili
tyfo
r de
sign
is li
mite
d to
(1)
thos
e bu
ildin
gs w
hich
are
cons
truc
ted
espe
cial
ly f
or p
osta
lus
e, f
inan
ced
by p
riva
te in
tere
sts
and
leas
ed to
the
Dep
art-
men
t, an
d (2
) a
sm
all n
umbe
r of
Gov
ernm
ent-
owne
d bu
ildin
gs w
here
the
desi
gn r
espo
nsib
ility
has
been
del
egat
ed to
the
Dep
artm
ent b
y th
eG
ener
al S
ervi
ces
Adm
inis
trat
ion.
Our
sta
ndar
d de
sign
proc
edur
e in
clud
es th
elo
catio
n of
pub
lic e
ntra
nces
at
grad
e so
that
the
phys
ical
ly h
andi
capp
ed w
ill h
ave
conv
enie
ntac
-ce
ss to
pos
tal s
ervi
ces
with
in th
e bu
ildin
g. I
nla
rge
build
ings
, aut
omat
ic p
ublic
ent
ranc
e do
ors
are
prov
ided
, and
in m
ultis
tory
bui
ldin
gs, e
le-
vato
rs a
re in
stal
led
for
vert
ical
tran
spor
tatio
n.Fo
r th
e ac
com
mod
atio
n of
phys
ical
ly h
andi
-ca
pped
em
ploy
ees,
the
Dep
artm
ent p
rovi
des
ram
ped
acce
ss to
the
empl
oyee
ent
ranc
e an
dsp
ecia
lly e
quip
ped
toile
t fac
ilitie
s. C
aref
ul a
t-te
ntio
n is
giv
en to
the
loca
tion,
arr
ange
men
t and
desi
gn o
f al
l are
as a
nd f
acili
ties
to b
e us
edby
the
hand
icap
ped.
DE
PAR
TM
EN
T O
F JU
STIC
E
The
bui
ldin
gs w
hich
are
cons
truc
ted
unde
rth
e su
perv
isio
n of
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f Ju
stic
e in
-cl
ude
the
pena
l ins
titut
ions
of
the
Bur
eau
ofPr
ison
s; a
nd b
orde
r pa
trol
sta
tions
, bor
der
patr
olse
ctor
hea
dqua
rter
s an
d al
ien
dete
ntio
n fa
cilit
ies,
whi
ch a
re n
ot p
ublic
con
tact
offi
ces;
and
a f
ewof
fice
bui
ldin
gs w
hich
are
und
er th
e co
ntro
l of
the
Imm
igra
tion
and
Nat
ural
izat
ion
Serv
ice.
All
othe
r bu
ildin
gs o
ccup
ied
by th
e D
epar
t-m
ent a
re b
uilt
and
serv
iced
by
the
Gen
eral
Serv
ices
Adm
inis
trat
ion,
whi
ch h
as b
een
alw
ays
coop
erat
ive
whe
n re
ques
ted
to m
odif
y fa
cilit
ies
for
the
hand
icap
ped.
At t
he M
edic
al C
ente
r fo
r Fe
dera
l Pri
sone
rsin
Spr
ingf
ield
, Mo.
,ac
cess
alte
ratio
ns w
ere
mad
eto
acc
omm
odat
e ha
ndic
appe
d in
mat
es.
1.
The
Im
mig
ratio
n an
d N
atur
aliz
atio
n Se
rvic
ere
ques
ts f
rom
GSA
gro
und
floo
rs w
here
ver
pos-
sibl
e or
ele
vato
r se
rvic
e fo
r th
e pu
blic
whe
reof
fice
s ar
e ab
ove
grou
nd f
loor
.A
t the
bor
der
insp
ectio
n st
atio
ns, w
hich
are
at
grou
nd le
vel,
hand
icap
ped
pers
ons
are
insp
ecte
din
thei
r au
tom
obile
s.
DE
PAR
TM
EN
T O
F L
AB
OR
Prin
cipa
l res
pons
ibili
ties
for
cons
truc
tion,
mod
-if
icat
ion,
or
leas
ing
build
ings
occ
upie
d by
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f L
abor
are
with
in th
e ju
risd
ictio
nof
the
Gen
eral
Ser
vice
s A
dmin
istr
atio
n.A
n ill
ustr
atio
n of
the
impr
ovem
ent o
f fa
cilit
ies
mad
e by
GSA
is th
e m
ain
Lab
or b
uild
ing,
whe
rera
mpe
d ac
cess
to th
e bu
ildin
g ha
s be
en p
rovi
ded,
and
prov
isio
n of
toile
t fac
ilitie
s fo
r w
heel
chai
rus
ers.
28
Lab
or's
Bur
eau
of E
mpl
oym
ent S
ecur
ity d
oes
issu
e gu
idel
ines
, sta
ndar
ds, a
nd s
peci
fica
tions
for
use
by S
tate
em
ploy
men
t sec
urity
age
ncie
s, w
hen
fund
s fr
om S
tate
gra
nts
are
used
for
the
amor
ti-za
tion
of th
e co
st f
or c
onst
ruct
ion
of o
ffic
e bu
ild-
ings
or
for
the
rent
al o
f le
ased
pre
mis
es. I
n Fe
b-ru
ary
1962
eac
h St
ate
agen
cy w
as p
rovi
ded
aco
py o
f th
e A
SA S
tand
ard.
DE
PAR
TM
EN
T O
F T
HE
TR
EA
SUR
Y
Mos
t of
the
build
ings
and
fac
ilitie
s oc
cupi
edby
Tre
asur
y or
gani
zatio
ns a
re u
nder
the
juri
s-di
ctio
n of
the
Gen
eral
Ser
vice
s A
dmin
istr
atio
n.T
he O
ffic
e of
the
Secr
etar
y an
d T
reas
ury
Bur
-ea
us c
ontin
ue to
wor
k cl
osel
y w
ith th
e G
ener
alSe
rvic
es A
dmin
istr
atio
n to
ove
rcom
e de
fici
enci
esin
bot
h G
over
nmen
t and
leas
ed s
pace
. It i
s he
ldes
sent
ial t
hat a
ll T
reas
ury-
occu
pied
bui
ldin
gsm
eet w
here
ver
feas
ible
the
conc
epts
of
the
Am
eri-
can
Stan
dard
s A
ssoc
iatio
n. T
he D
epar
tmen
t, in
view
of
GSA
's e
cono
mic
and
lega
l lim
itatio
ns,
exer
ts g
reat
eff
orts
in th
e di
rect
ion
of a
dapt
ing
leas
ed s
pace
to th
e sp
ecia
l req
uire
men
ts o
f th
eha
ndic
appe
d.T
he B
urea
us o
f th
e M
int,
Eng
ravi
ng a
ndPr
intin
g, a
nd C
usto
ms
have
dir
ect r
espo
nsib
ili-
ties
in c
erta
in a
reas
of
gene
ral p
urpo
se c
onst
ruc-
tion.
In
the
mai
n, th
e bu
ildin
g de
sign
and
con
-st
ruct
ion
faci
litie
s of
GSA
are
util
ized
and
its
spec
ific
atio
ns a
nd s
tand
ards
fol
low
ed. T
he B
u-re
au o
f th
e M
int,
in c
onju
nctio
n w
ith G
SA, h
ascu
rren
tly u
nder
con
stru
ctio
n in
Phi
lade
lphi
a a
new
min
t bui
ldin
g th
at in
clud
es b
asic
fac
ilitie
sfo
r th
e co
nven
ienc
e of
the
phys
ical
ly h
andi
-ca
pped
, bot
h em
ploy
ees
and
the
visi
ting
publ
ic.
Tre
asur
y ha
s lo
ng-r
ange
pla
ns f
or a
maj
or s
ize
offi
ce b
uild
ing
in th
e D
istr
ict o
f C
olum
bia.
It
is in
tend
ed th
at s
peci
al f
eatu
res
for
the
com
fort
and
conv
enie
nce
of th
e ha
ndic
appe
d w
ould
be
incl
uded
.T
he M
ain
Tre
asur
y B
uild
ing
and
Ann
ex e
mer
-ge
ncy
read
ines
s, in
clud
ing
evac
uatio
n un
der
all
emer
genc
y si
tuat
ions
, pro
vide
s sp
ecia
l con
side
r-at
ion
for
the
phys
ical
ly h
andi
capp
ed.
All
Tre
asur
y B
urea
us h
avin
g co
nstr
uctio
npl
anni
ng r
espo
nsib
ility
hav
e re
ceiv
ed c
opie
s of
the
Am
eric
an S
tand
ards
Ass
ocia
tion'
s sp
ecif
ica-
tions
with
the
reco
mm
enda
tion
that
thei
r us
e be
impl
emen
ted
whe
neve
r po
ssib
le.
DE
PAR
TM
EN
T O
F H
OU
SIN
GA
ND
UR
BA
N D
EV
EL
OPM
EN
T
The
con
stru
ctio
n of
bui
ldin
gs a
nd th
e ac
quis
i-tio
n of
leas
ed s
pace
for
use
by
the
Dep
artm
ent i
sun
der
the
juri
sdic
tion
of th
e G
ener
al S
ervi
ces_
Adm
inis
trat
ion.
HU
D h
as f
ound
the
GSA
to b
efu
lly r
espo
nsiv
e to
sug
gest
ions
whi
ch w
ould
as-
sure
rea
sona
ble
acce
ss to
the
hand
icap
ped.
The
desi
gn o
f H
UD
's n
ew h
eadq
uart
ers
build
ing
now
unde
r co
nstr
uctio
n in
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
. com
plie
sw
ith G
SA's
cur
rent
sta
ndar
ds f
or p
rovi
ding
ac-
cess
and
use
by
the
hand
icap
ped.
In M
arch
196
2, c
opie
s of
the
Am
eric
an S
tan-
dard
Spe
cifi
catio
ns f
or M
akin
g B
uild
ings
and
Faci
litie
s A
cces
sibl
e to
, and
Usa
ble
by th
e Ph
ys-
ical
ly H
andi
capp
ed w
ere
dist
ribu
ted
with
in th
eD
epar
tmen
t, in
clud
ing
regi
onal
off
ices
.Si
nce
the
enac
tmen
t of
the
Hou
sing
Act
of
1964
, whi
ch p
rovi
ded
for
the
firs
t tim
e fo
r a
wid
era
nge
of f
eder
ally
ass
iste
d ho
usin
g pr
ogra
ms
toas
sist
in m
eetin
g th
e ne
ed f
or s
uita
ble
hous
ing
for
the
hand
icap
ped,
HU
D h
as a
ppro
ved,
or
ispr
oces
sing
, on
an e
xper
imen
tal b
asis
, a n
umbe
rof
pro
ject
s in
whi
ch a
ll or
a s
ubst
antia
l pro
por-
tion
of th
e un
its a
re b
eing
pla
nned
for
occu
panc
yby
the
hand
icap
ped.
The
se in
clud
ea
164-
unit
low
-ren
t pub
lic h
ousi
ng p
roje
ct in
Tol
edo,
Ohi
o,w
hich
is n
ow n
eari
ng c
ompl
etio
n an
d in
whi
chha
lf o
f th
e un
its a
re p
lann
ed f
oroc
cupa
ncy
by th
eha
ndic
appe
d an
d th
e ot
her
half
by
the
elde
rly.
A 1
50-u
nit l
ow-r
ent p
ublic
hou
sing
pro
ject
inSe
attle
, Was
h. w
hich
als
om
ay c
ombi
ne th
e el
der-
ly a
nd th
e ha
ndic
appe
d is
now
in th
e pl
anni
ngst
age,
and
in r
ecen
t mon
ths,
the
Hou
sing
Aut
hor-
ity o
f Fa
ll R
iver
, Mas
s., a
lso
has
subm
itted
anap
plic
atio
n to
HU
D f
ora
201-
unit
low
-ren
t pro
j-ec
t for
the
elde
rly
and
the
hand
icap
ped.
In O
mah
a, N
ebr.
, the
Om
aha
Ass
ocia
tion
for
the
Blin
d is
spo
nsor
ing
a pr
ojec
t for
40
blin
dfa
mili
es o
r si
ngle
per
sons
und
er F
HA
'sse
ctio
n22
1 (d
) (3
) be
low
-mar
ket i
nter
est
rate
pro
gram
for
the
low
and
mod
erat
e in
com
egr
oup.
Thi
sw
as o
ne o
f th
e fi
rst p
roje
cts
rece
ivin
g a
rese
rva-
tion
for
rent
sup
plem
ents
fol
low
ing
the
enac
t-m
ent o
f th
e re
nt s
uppl
emen
t pro
gram
in th
eH
ousi
ng a
nd U
rban
Dev
elop
men
t Act
of
1965
.FH
A h
as m
ade
a co
mm
itmen
t to
insu
re th
ispr
ojec
t in
the
amou
nt o
f $4
25,0
00 a
nd h
asco
n-tr
acte
d w
ith th
e ow
ners
of
$22,
000
inan
nual
rent
sup
plem
ents
on
beha
lf o
f th
e pr
ospe
ctiv
eoc
cupa
nts.
Und
er H
UD
's s
ectio
n 20
2 di
rect
loan
prog
ram
for
the
mod
erat
e in
com
e el
derl
y,th
e Pi
lgri
mL
uthe
ran
Chu
rch
for
the
Dea
f is
pla
nnin
ga
112-
unit
proj
ect f
or th
e el
derl
y an
d de
afin
Los
Ang
eles
, Cal
if. T
his
proj
ect,
fina
nced
with
a F
ed-
eral
loan
of
$1,7
23,0
00, i
s un
der
cons
truc
tion
and
is e
stim
ated
to b
e co
mpl
eted
by
mid
-196
8. A
form
al r
eser
vatio
n fo
r re
nt s
uppl
emen
tpa
ymen
tsof
up
to n
earl
y $1
2,00
0 an
nual
lyha
s be
en m
ade
to a
ssis
t qua
lifie
d lo
w-i
ncom
eoc
cupa
nts
of th
ispr
ojec
t whe
n it
is c
ompl
eted
.In
Oct
dber
196
6, th
e FH
A is
suec
:its
rev
ised
min
imum
pro
pert
y st
anda
rds
for
hous
ing
for
the
elde
rly,
whi
ch in
clud
es s
peci
al c
onsi
dera
tion
for
the
hand
icap
ped.
In
addi
tion,
with
the
incr
ease
dre
cogn
ition
of
the
need
for
hou
sing
spe
cial
ly d
e-si
gned
for
the
hand
icap
ped
and
with
the
grow
ing
num
ber
of s
pons
ors
inte
rest
ed in
ser
ving
this
need
, HU
D is
dev
elop
ing
a gu
ide
for
plan
ning
and
desi
gn o
f ho
usin
g fo
r th
e ph
ysic
ally
han
di-
capp
ed.
DE
PAR
TM
EN
T O
F T
RA
NSP
OR
TA
TIO
N
The
Dep
artm
ent o
f T
rans
port
atio
n is
taki
ngst
eps
tow
ard
mak
ing
trav
el e
asie
r, s
afer
, and
mor
e co
mfo
rtab
le f
or th
e ph
ysic
ally
han
dica
pped
.T
his
effo
rt in
clud
es th
e N
atio
nal H
ighw
ay S
afet
yB
urea
u's
safe
ty s
tand
ards
for
spe
cial
con
trol
son
cars
for
the
hand
icap
ped,
the
favo
rabl
e de
sign
feat
ures
of
the
high
-spe
ed tr
ains
soon
to b
e op
er-
atin
g be
twee
n N
ew Y
ork
and
Was
hing
ton
spon
-so
red
by th
e Fe
dera
l Rai
lroa
d A
dmin
istr
atio
n,an
d th
e ac
tive
rese
arch
pro
gram
with
in th
e O
ffic
eof
Ass
ista
nt S
ecre
tary
for
Pol
icy
Dev
elop
men
t.T
he o
bjec
tives
of
this
res
earc
hpr
ogra
m, t
hem
ajor
par
t of
whi
ch w
ill s
oon
be u
nder
cont
ract
to in
dust
ry, a
re th
reef
old
:1.
To
adop
t a s
et o
f gu
idel
ines
for
tran
spor
ta-
tion
plan
ners
and
ope
rato
rson
the
need
s of
the
hand
icap
ped
;2.
To
iden
tify
a te
chni
que
tous
e lo
cally
toan
alyz
e th
e so
cial
and
eco
nom
ic b
enef
its o
f th
egu
idel
ines
; and
3. T
o pr
epar
e a
gene
ral a
sses
smen
t nat
iona
llyof
the
soci
al a
nd th
e ec
onom
ic im
pact
res
ultin
gfr
om a
dopt
ion
of s
uch
guid
elin
es.
It is
ant
icip
ated
that
the
resu
lts o
f th
iscu
rren
tre
sear
ch p
rogr
am w
ill in
flue
nce
curr
ent s
tand
-ar
ds o
f co
nstr
uctio
n an
d de
sign
of
the
tran
spor
ta-
tion
vehi
cles
, ter
min
als
and
syst
ems
as a
who
le.
CIV
IL S
ER
VIC
E C
OM
MIS
SIO
N
The
Civ
il Se
rvic
e C
omm
issi
on b
uild
ing
inW
ashi
ngto
n pr
ovid
es g
roun
d fl
oor
lobb
yac
cess
from
bot
h th
e st
reet
and
und
ergr
ound
dri
vew
ayth
roug
h do
orw
ays
usab
le b
y in
divi
dual
s in
whe
el-
chai
rs. T
he lo
bby
prov
ides
dir
ect
acce
ss to
ele
va-
tors
ser
ving
the
entir
e bu
ildin
gs, t
he a
udito
rium
and
the
cafe
teri
a, a
nd to
men
's a
nd w
omen
'sre
stro
om f
acili
ties.
The
se r
estr
oom
s ha
ve b
een
mod
ifie
d fo
r us
e by
the
phys
ical
ly h
andi
capp
ed.
Tel
epho
ne a
nd d
rink
ing
wat
er f
acili
ties,
spe
cial
lym
odif
ied
for
the
hand
icap
ped,
hav
e be
en in
-st
alle
d in
the
lobb
y.T
he C
omm
issi
on h
asno
dir
ect j
uris
dict
ion
over
con
stru
ctin
g, m
odif
ying
or
leas
ing
faci
litie
sfo
r pu
blic
use
, with
all
itssp
ace
allo
catio
ns f
allin
gw
ithin
the
juri
sdic
tion
of th
e G
ener
al S
ervi
ces
Adm
inis
trat
ion.
29
..t.
41.1
1
Out
side
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
., th
e C
omm
issi
onha
s of
fice
s op
en to
the
publ
ic in
som
e 80
dif
fere
nt
build
ings
, pri
ncip
ally
reg
iona
lof
fice
s an
d in
ter-
agen
cybo
ards
of
exam
iner
s. T
hirt
y-fo
ur o
f th
ese
are
in le
ased
spa
ce,
and
elim
inat
ion
of a
rchi
tec-
tura
l bar
rier
s in
thes
e ca
n be
obt
aine
d on
ly b
yne
gotia
tion
with
the
less
or.
In o
nly
one
of th
ese
leas
ed lo
catio
ns is
ther
e a
maj
or b
arri
er to
acc
ess
by th
e ha
ndic
appe
d.T
he in
tera
genc
y bo
ard
offi
ce a
t Mon
tere
y, C
alif
., is
on
the
seco
nd f
loor
of a
bui
ldin
g ha
ving
no
elev
ator
ser
vice
. No
spac
e
mee
ting
acce
ssib
ility
sta
ndar
dsha
s be
en a
vaila
ble
to th
is ti
me,
but
eff
orts
are
con
tinui
ng to
mov
eth
e M
onte
rey
offi
ce to
gro
und
floo
r or
oth
ersu
itabl
e sp
ace.
Com
mis
sion
offi
ces
inG
over
nmen
t-ow
ned
build
ings
are
gen
eral
ly a
cces
sibl
e to
han
dica
pped
pers
ons.
Som
e de
fici
enci
es in
res
troo
m f
acili
ties,
heig
ht o
f dr
inki
ng f
ount
ains
, and
tele
phon
e ac
-
30
cess
ibili
ty h
ave
been
obs
erve
dan
d re
port
ed to
GSA
for
cor
rect
ive
actio
n.M
ajor
arc
hite
ctur
al b
arri
ers
still
exi
st o
nly
atth
e C
omm
issi
on's
Phi
lade
lphi
a re
gion
al o
ffic
e,ho
used
inth
e U
.S. c
usto
mho
use.
GSA
has
auth
oriz
ed a
ltera
tions
and
impr
ovem
ents
est
i-m
ated
to c
ost $
14,7
00, t
o be
eff
ecte
d as
soo
n as
fund
s ar
e av
aila
ble.
DE
PAR
TM
EN
T O
F ST
AT
E
The
Gen
eral
Ser
vice
s A
dmin
istr
atio
n is
the
cust
odia
n of
all
build
ings
occ
upie
d by
the
De-
part
rnen
t of
Stat
e.G
SA h
as f
ully
coo
pera
ted
inpr
ovid
ed f
acili
ties
and
build
ing
spac
eac
cess
ible
to h
andi
capp
ed p
erso
ns. I
n m
odif
ying
are
as c
on-
tain
ing
faci
litie
s fo
r pu
blic
use
,co
nsid
erat
ion
isgi
ven
to b
uild
ing
stan
dard
s is
sued
by
the
Am
eri-
can
Stan
dard
s A
ssoc
iatio
n.
GE
NE
RA
L S
ER
VIC
ES
AD
MIN
IST
RA
TIO
N
Gen
eral
Ser
vice
s A
dmin
istr
atio
n po
licy
with
resp
ect t
oth
e pr
ovis
ion
of f
acili
ties
for
the
phys
-ic
ally
han
dica
pped
in n
ewco
nstr
uctio
n is
con
-ta
ined
in it
s ha
ndbo
ok. T
hese
sta
ndar
ds a
real
so
prov
ided
for
on
rem
odel
ing
proj
ects
whe
neve
r
they
can
be
feas
ibly
app
lied.
Fol
low
ing
is th
epe
rtin
ent s
ectio
n of
the
hand
book
:a.
Acc
ess.
All
new
Fede
ral b
uild
ings
sha
llpr
ovid
e ac
cess
of
whe
elch
airs
from
str
eet o
r si
de-
wal
k to
eve
ry r
easo
nabl
e su
bdiv
isio
n of
spa
cew
here
phy
sica
lly h
andi
capp
ed p
erso
ns m
ayvi
sit
or w
ork.
Whe
re p
ossi
ble
the
mai
n en
tran
ce to
the
build
ing
shal
l be
at g
rade
leve
l,w
ithou
t ste
ps.
Whe
re s
teps
are
una
void
able
at t
he m
ain
en-
tran
ce, g
rade
-lev
el a
cces
s to
ase
cond
ary
en-
tran
ce, o
r ac
cess
by
mea
nsof
ara
mp
with
a s
lope
not g
reat
er th
an 5
per
cent
shal
l be
pmvi
ded.
b. E
leua
tors
.All
new
Fed
eral
bui
ldin
gsw
ith
one
or m
ore
stor
ies
othe
r th
an th
e en
tran
ce s
tory
shal
l be
prov
ided
with
at l
east
one
pas
seng
erel
e-
vato
r su
ffic
ient
to a
ccom
mod
ate
aw
heel
chai
r.
Whe
re th
e lim
it of
fun
ds d
oes
not p
erm
itth
e in
-st
alla
tion
of a
n el
evat
or th
e bu
ildin
g sh
all b
ede
-
sign
ed to
per
mit
itsfu
ture
inst
alla
tion
with
am
inim
um o
f st
ruct
ural
cha
nges
. Ref
er to
IIB
,M
echa
nica
l and
Ele
ctri
cal E
ngin
eeri
ng (
PBS
P 34
60.1
A)
.c.
Con
veni
ence
s.A
ll ne
wFe
dera
l bui
ldin
gssh
all b
e pr
ovid
ed w
ith th
e fo
llow
ing
conv
enie
nces
for
pers
ons
conf
ined
to w
heel
chai
rs:
1. O
ne m
en's
and
one
wom
en's
pub
licto
ilet o
n ea
ch f
loor
sha
ll be
des
igne
d fo
rad
apta
bilit
y to
whe
elch
airs
by
prov
idin
g on
eto
ilet s
tall
3 fe
et 3
inch
es w
ide
with
a w
ater
clos
et 2
0 in
ches
hig
h, a
nd 3
-foo
t 3-i
nch
wid
e
door
s to
the
toile
t roa
m it
self
, in
acco
rdan
cew
ith D
esig
n D
ata
28-2
0-2.
Acc
esso
ries
shal
l
be in
acc
orda
nce
with
Des
ign
Dat
a28
-20-
3.O
ne m
en's
and
one
wom
en's
pub
licto
ilet,
pref
erab
ly o
n th
e fi
rst f
loor
, sha
ll be
fully
equi
pped
for
the
hand
icap
ped,
with
two
assi
st b
ars
mou
nted
on
the
wal
ls o
f th
ew
ide
toile
t enc
losu
re.
2. A
ll dr
inki
ng f
ount
ains
and
elec
tric
wat
er c
oole
rs s
hall
be m
ount
edw
ith th
e to
pof
the
bubb
ler
not o
ver
38 in
ches
abov
e th
efl
oor. 3. A
t lea
st o
ne p
ublic
tele
phon
esh
elf,
mou
nted
32
inch
es a
bove
the
floo
r,sh
all b
elo
cate
d ne
ar th
e en
tran
ce p
rovi
ded
for
the
hand
icap
ped.
If
a re
cess
is p
rovi
ded
for
this
shel
f, it
sha
ll no
t be
less
than
30
inch
esw
ide.
d. E
ntra
nce.
Whe
n ec
onom
ical
lyfe
asib
le,
pow
er-o
pera
ted
entr
ance
doo
rs, i
n ac
cord
ance
with
Des
ign
Dat
a 28
-7-1
0, s
hall
bepr
ovid
ed a
tth
e en
tran
ce f
or th
e ha
ndic
appe
d. A
man
ual d
oor
swin
ging
in th
e di
rect
ion
of e
gres
s sh
all
be p
ro-
vide
d no
t mor
e th
an 2
0 fe
et f
rom
the
pow
er-
oper
ated
doo
r, in
acc
orda
nce
with
build
ing
exit
requ
irem
ents
. Rev
olvi
ng d
oors
are
not
suita
ble
for
the
need
s of
the
phys
ical
ly h
andi
capp
ed.
e. A
ltera
tions
.The
abov
e re
quir
emen
ts s
hall
be a
pplie
d to
maj
or a
ltera
tions
toex
istin
g Fe
dera
lbu
ildin
gs to
the
exte
nt th
at th
ey a
rear
chi-
tect
ural
ly f
easi
ble.
If
a ra
mp
with
a 5
per
cent
slop
e is
not
fea
sibl
e, a
ram
p w
ith a
slo
pe n
ot e
x-ce
edin
g 1
foot
in 1
2 fe
et s
hall
be p
rovi
ded.
GSA
has
rep
air
resp
onsi
bilit
y fo
r so
me
4,80
0fe
dera
lly o
wne
d bu
ildin
gs. I
t is
GSA
's p
ract
ice
topr
ovid
e, to
the
exte
nt p
ract
ical
and
with
infu
nd-
ing
limita
tions
, fac
ilitie
s ne
cess
ary
for
hand
i-ca
pped
per
sons
to v
isit
and
wor
k in
thes
e
build
ings
. Ite
ms
whi
ch h
ave
been
pro
vide
d in
-cl
ude
stre
et-l
evel
ent
ranc
es, r
amps
byp
assi
ng e
n-
tran
ce s
teps
, ele
vato
rs,
spec
ial d
rink
ing
wat
erfo
unta
ins,
spe
cial
toile
t fac
ilitie
s,an
d pu
blic
tele
-
phon
esal
l in
acco
rdan
ce w
ith th
eA
SA S
tand
-ar
d. A
con
tinui
ng s
urve
y of
exi
stin
gbu
ildin
gsw
as in
itiat
ed s
ome
year
s ag
o to
insu
re th
at w
hen-
ever
fea
sibl
e ne
cess
ary
item
s ar
e be
ing
prov
ided
.A
s a
gene
ral p
ract
ice,
it is
not
fea
sibl
efo
r G
SA
to in
corp
orat
e th
esp
ecif
icat
ions
of
the
Am
eric
anSt
anda
rds
Ass
ocia
tion
in le
asin
gso
licita
tions
.
Thi
s is
bec
ause
GSA
leas
es s
pace
in v
ario
usqu
antit
ies
whi
ch m
ay c
ompr
ise
only
apo
rtio
n of
the
spac
e av
aila
ble
in a
bui
ldin
g.Pa
rtic
ular
lyw
hen
very
sm
all a
mou
nts
of s
pace
are
requ
ired
,it
wou
ld n
ot b
e ec
onom
ical
lyfe
asib
le to
req
uire
less
ors
to in
stal
l spe
cial
fac
ilitie
sfo
r th
e ha
ndi-
capp
ed. W
hen
an a
genc
y ad
vise
sG
SA o
f th
ene
cess
ityfo
r su
chfa
cilit
ies,
how
ever
, eve
ryre
ason
able
ste
p is
take
n to
insu
re th
ele
asin
g of
spac
e w
hich
is e
asily
usab
le b
y th
e ha
ndic
appe
d.
VE
TE
RA
NS'
AD
MIN
IST
RA
TIO
N
The
Vet
eran
s' A
dmin
istr
atio
n is
ver
yco
nsci
ous
of th
e ne
ed to
elim
inat
e ar
chite
ctur
alba
rrie
rs
'Ja
gs'
7.40 ,
Oh,
znd,
to th
is e
nd, a
ll V
eter
ans'
Adm
inis
trat
ion
build
ings
are
des
igne
d to
be
fully
acce
ssib
le to
all h
andi
capp
ed c
itize
ns, b
e th
ey v
eter
an, e
m-
ploy
ee, o
r vi
sito
r.T
he V
A h
as d
efin
ite c
rite
ria
whi
ch a
ssur
e ac
-ce
ssib
ility
by
the
hand
icap
ped,
the
elde
rly,
and
the
card
iac
patie
nts
to a
ll of
its
inst
alla
tions
.It
sde
sign
cri
teri
a ve
ry c
lose
ly p
aral
lel t
heA
SA
Spec
ific
atio
ns,
whi
ch in
deve
lopm
ent,
wer
eba
sed
on th
e V
A S
peci
fica
tions
alr
eady
in
exis
tenc
e.T
he V
A h
as s
epar
ate
regi
onal
off
ices
and
clin
ics
in b
uild
ings
und
er th
e cu
stod
yof
GSA
.D
esig
n an
d co
nstr
uctio
n of
thes
e fa
cilit
ies
com
ply
with
GSA
cri
teri
a fo
r m
akin
g bu
ildin
gsac
cess
i-
ble
to th
e ph
ysic
ally
han
dica
pped
. VA
freq
uent
lypr
ovid
es p
relim
inar
y sk
etch
es to
GSA
sho
win
gth
e de
sire
d ar
rang
emen
t for
allo
cate
d sp
ace.
Whe
n pr
oble
ms
of a
cces
sibi
lity
exis
t, G
SAha
s
been
ver
y co
oper
ativ
e in
impr
ovin
g th
eco
ndi-
tions
by
relo
catio
n of
the
activ
ities
or
by n
eces
-sa
ry c
hang
es.
The
VA
is p
rese
ntly
rea
rran
ging
the
form
atfo
r
Isrr
its c
onst
ruct
ion
stan
dard
,"F
acili
ties
for
the
Han
dica
pped
(O
ther
Tha
n O
utpa
tient
s) ,"
tom
ore
gene
rally
fol
low
the
form
at o
f th
e A
SASp
ecif
icat
ions
. At t
he s
ame
time,
it is
car
eful
lyre
view
ing
ever
y ite
m o
f th
e Sp
ecif
icat
ions
toas
sure
com
plia
nce
with
up
toth
e m
inut
e th
ink-
ing
in d
esig
n fo
r th
e ph
ysic
ally
dis
able
d.
DE
PAR
TM
EN
T O
F T
HE
IN
TE
RIO
R
The
hea
dqua
rter
s bu
ildin
g of
the
Inte
rior
De-
part
men
t is
unde
r th
e ju
risd
ictio
n of
the
Gen
eral
Serv
ices
Adm
inis
trat
ion.
Ins
talla
tion
of s
peci
alto
ilet f
eatu
res
for
both
men
and
wom
en in
this
build
ing,
as
wel
l as
a sp
ecia
l ram
p w
ith h
andr
ails
at th
e st
reet
ent
ranc
e of
the
build
ing
to a
ugm
ent
the
five
aut
omob
ile r
amps
lead
ing
from
the
base
-m
ent o
f th
e bu
ildin
g to
ele
vato
rs, h
as b
een
com
plet
ed.
Spec
ial e
ntra
nce
and
use
faci
litie
s in
oth
erG
SA c
ontr
olle
d bu
ildin
gs o
f th
e In
teri
or D
e-pa
rtm
ent i
n th
e W
ashi
ngto
n ar
ea a
re d
eem
edad
equa
te.
Cop
ies
of th
e G
SA S
tand
ard
wer
e di
stri
bute
dso
me
year
s ag
o to
all
Inte
rior
Bur
eaus
and
Off
ices
out
side
Was
hing
ton,
urg
ing
that
spe
cifi
-ca
tions
be
utili
zed
and
put i
nto
effe
ct w
here
ver
poss
ible
. Ram
p ac
cess
has
bee
n pr
ovid
ed f
or in
all
build
ings
that
the
Inte
rior
Dep
artm
ent
oper
ates
for
the
gene
ral p
ublic
's u
se, i
nclu
ding
conc
essi
oner
's e
stab
lishm
ents
of
hote
ls a
nd lo
dges
.
INT
ER
STA
TE
CO
MM
ER
CE
CO
MM
ISSI
ON
The
Com
mis
sion
has
no
dire
ct ju
risd
ictio
nov
er th
e co
nstr
uctio
n, m
odif
icat
ion,
or
leas
ing
offa
cilit
ies
for
publ
ic u
se, n
or d
oes
it pa
rtic
ipat
ein
gra
nt-s
uppo
rted
con
stru
ctio
n. I
ts o
ffic
es, b
oth
in W
ashi
ngto
n an
d th
e fi
eld,
are
loca
ted
in b
uild
-
32
ings
und
er th
e ju
risd
ictio
n of
the
Gen
eral
Serv
ices
Adm
inis
trat
ion.
In A
ugus
t 196
5, a
GSA
con
trac
tor
com
plet
edth
e in
stal
latio
n of
a r
amp
and
auto
mat
ic d
oors
at o
ne e
ntra
nce
of th
e W
ashi
ngto
n bu
ildin
g, a
ndof
han
drai
ls a
t the
ste
ps le
adin
g to
two
othe
ren
tran
ces,
mak
ing
the
build
ing
read
ily a
cces
sibl
eto
han
dica
pped
em
ploy
ees
and
visi
tors
. Toi
let
room
s an
d ot
her
faci
litie
s of
the
build
ing
have
been
mod
ifie
d ac
cord
ingl
y.
DE
PAR
TM
EN
T O
F C
OM
ME
RC
E
Nor
mal
ly, t
he a
cqui
sitio
n of
leas
ed s
pace
and
cons
truc
tion
of b
uild
ings
for
use
by
the
Dep
art-
men
t is
done
by
the
Gen
eral
Ser
vice
sAdm
inis
tra-
tion.
The
Dep
artm
ent h
as a
lway
s fo
und
GSA
tobe
mos
t rec
eptiv
e an
d re
spon
sive
to s
ugge
stio
nsfo
r sp
ace
chan
ges
whi
ch w
ould
ass
ure
free
acc
ess
to h
andi
capp
ed p
erso
ns h
avin
g bu
sine
ss w
ith th
eD
epar
tmen
t.T
he A
SA S
tand
ard,
cre
ated
with
hel
p of
the
Nat
iona
l Bur
eau
of S
tand
ards
, was
sen
t to
all
Bur
eaus
and
Off
ices
of
the
Dep
artm
ent i
n M
arch
1962
for
gui
danc
e in
mak
ing
futu
re c
hang
es o
rm
odif
icat
ions
to f
acili
ties.
The
Eco
nom
ic D
evel
opm
ent A
dmin
istr
atio
nof
the
Dep
artm
ent d
oes
part
icip
ate
in g
rant
-su
ppor
ted
cons
truc
tion.
A la
rge
port
ion
of th
epu
blic
wor
ks p
rogr
am o
f th
e E
cono
mic
Dev
elop
-m
ent A
dmin
istr
atio
n an
d al
l of
the
App
alac
hian
assi
stan
ce p
rogr
ams
are
supp
lem
enta
l in
natu
rei.e
., m
any
othe
r ag
enci
es o
f th
e G
over
nmen
t hav
eju
risd
ictio
n ov
er th
e co
nstr
uctio
n de
sign
. The
maj
or p
ortio
n of
the
dire
ct-g
rant
pro
gram
of
ED
A c
onsi
sts
of w
ater
and
sew
er f
acili
ties.
Be-
caus
e of
thes
e ci
rcum
stan
ces
ED
A h
as n
ot f
orm
u-la
ted
any
desi
gn c
rite
ria
for
gran
t-su
ppor
ted
cons
truc
tion
with
res
pect
to a
cces
sibi
lity
to th
eha
ndic
appe
d an
d el
derl
y.
DE
PAR
TM
EN
T O
F H
EA
LT
H,
ED
UC
AT
ION
, AN
D W
EL
FAR
E
Star
ting
in 1
965,
the
Dep
artm
ent i
ssue
d gu
id-
ance
in it
s Fa
cilit
ies
Plan
ning
and
Con
stru
ctio
nM
anua
l whi
ch in
corp
orat
ed th
e A
mer
ican
Sta
nd-
ards
Ass
ocia
tion
stan
dard
spe
cifi
catio
ns. T
his
man
ual p
resc
ribe
s po
licie
s an
d pl
oced
ures
ap-
plic
able
to a
ll co
nstr
uctio
n ac
com
plis
hed
by th
eD
epar
tmen
t. T
he G
ener
al S
ervi
ces
Adm
inis
tra-
tion
has
been
fur
nish
ed c
opie
s of
this
doc
umen
tfo
r us
e in
app
lyin
g th
ese
stan
dard
s to
pro
ject
sco
nstr
ucte
d fo
r th
e us
e of
this
Dep
artm
ent.
The
Dep
artm
ent h
as, i
n ad
ditio
n, b
een
coor
dina
ting
with
the
Gen
eral
Ser
vice
s A
dmin
istr
atio
n, th
ein
stal
latio
n of
fac
ilitie
s fo
r th
e ha
ndic
appe
d in
exis
ting
build
ings
occ
upie
d by
the
Dep
artm
ent
in th
e W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.,
area
.A
t pre
sent
, the
ext
ent t
o w
hich
the
need
s of
the
hand
icap
ped
pers
ons
are
reco
gniz
ed in
the
cons
truc
tion
of f
acili
ties
fina
nced
with
fun
dspr
ovid
ed b
y th
is D
epar
tmen
t var
ies
amon
g pr
o-gr
ams.
In
som
e in
stan
ces,
the
Con
gres
s en
acte
dle
gisl
atio
n w
hich
spe
cifi
cally
pro
vide
s th
at th
ebu
ildin
gs e
rect
ed m
ust b
e ac
cess
ible
to a
nd u
sabl
eby
han
dica
pped
peo
ple.
Oth
er le
gisl
atio
n do
esno
t inc
lUde
this
req
uire
men
t, bu
t per
mits
the
Secr
etar
y to
dev
elop
reg
ulat
ions
with
res
pect
toap
prov
able
pro
ject
s, in
clud
ing
prov
isio
ns o
n ac
-ce
ssib
ility
. How
ever
, in
othe
r in
stan
ces,
ther
e is
no r
equi
rem
ent (
eith
er in
the
auth
oriz
ing
legi
s-la
tion
or in
reg
ulat
ions
) th
at th
e ne
eds
of th
eha
ndic
appe
d be
take
n in
to a
ccou
nt in
the
revi
ewan
d ap
prov
al o
f co
nstr
uctio
n pr
ojec
ts.
In th
ose
cons
truc
tion
prog
ram
s w
here
ther
eha
s be
en n
o re
quir
emen
t for
the
use
of s
uch
crite
ria,
the
Dep
artm
ent h
as d
irec
ted
the
agen
-ci
es to
ree
xam
ine
the
basi
s fo
r th
e la
ck o
f su
chcr
iteri
a.
Iow
a
4i
Stat
e an
d L
ocal
Eff
orts
To
Elim
inat
e A
rchi
tect
ural
Bar
rier
s'
Intr
oduc
tion
The
Pro
blem
App
roxi
mat
ely
22 m
illio
n pe
ople
in th
e U
nite
dSt
ates
hav
e ph
ysic
al h
andi
caps
that
impe
deth
eir
abili
ty to
lead
ful
l and
pro
duct
ive
lives
. Of
thes
e,ab
out 1
2 m
illio
n ha
ve d
isab
ilitie
s se
riou
s en
ough
to a
ffec
t the
kin
d of
wor
k th
ey d
o.M
any
of th
ese
citiz
ens
have
bee
n de
nied
edu
catio
n, r
ecre
atio
n,em
ploy
men
t, an
d ot
her
oppo
rtun
ities
due
toar
chite
ctur
al b
arri
ers
whi
ch h
ave
been
thou
ght-
less
ly in
corp
orat
ed in
to th
e de
sign
of
build
ings
and
faci
litie
s. S
uch
barr
iers
incl
ude
stai
rs o
r st
eps,
narr
ow d
oorw
ays,
and
rev
olvi
ngdo
ors
whi
ch in
-hi
bit c
onve
nien
t acc
ess
to b
uild
ings
by
the
dis-
able
d. T
hey
also
incl
ude
inad
equa
te r
estr
oom
faci
litie
s an
d un
reac
habl
e w
ater
fou
ntai
ns, p
ub-
lic te
leph
ones
, and
ele
vato
r bu
ttons
. If
the
hand
i-ca
pped
can
not e
nter
and
ful
ly u
tiliz
e pu
blic
Sour
ce: "
Stat
e an
d L
ocal
Eff
orts
To
Elim
inat
eA
rchi
tect
ural
Bar
rier
s to
the
Han
dica
pped
," N
atio
nal
Lea
gue
of C
ities
, Dep
artm
ent o
f U
rban
Stu
dies
, Nov
.19
67.
APP
EN
DIX
III
build
ings
, the
y ca
nnot
vot
e, c
ondu
ctor
dina
rybu
sine
ss, w
orsh
ip, o
r ot
herw
ise
beco
me
inde
-pe
nden
t, se
lf-s
uppo
rtin
g m
embe
rs o
f so
ciet
y.T
he p
urpo
ses
of th
is s
tudy
wer
e: F
irst
, to
de-
term
ine
wha
t eff
Ort
s ar
e be
ing
mad
e by
sta
tean
dlo
cal g
over
nmen
ts to
elim
inat
e ar
chite
ctur
al b
ar-
rier
s to
the
hand
icap
ped
and,
sec
ond,
to e
xam
ine
the
activ
ities
and
atti
tude
s of
non
gove
rnm
enta
lag
enci
es a
nd p
riva
te c
itize
ns a
s th
ey r
elat
e to
the
effe
ct o
f ar
chite
ctur
al b
arri
ers
on h
andi
capp
edpe
rson
s.T
he r
epor
t als
o in
clud
es in
dept
h ca
se s
tudi
esof
sev
en c
ities
that
hav
e in
itiat
ed o
r su
ppor
ted
arch
itect
ural
bar
rier
rem
oval
pro
gram
s. T
hese
case
stu
dies
are
con
cern
edpr
imar
ily w
ith th
em
etho
ds b
y w
hich
the
barr
ier
prob
lem
has
bee
nap
proa
ched
and
the
effe
ctiv
enes
s of
suc
h m
eth-
ods.
. Con
side
ratio
n is
als
o gi
ven
to lo
cal g
over
n-m
ent o
rgan
izat
ions
, pol
itica
l rel
atio
nshi
ps, g
eo-
grap
hic
char
acte
rist
ics,
and
oth
er f
acto
rs w
hich
may
infl
uenc
e lo
cal b
arri
er r
emov
alef
fort
s.
33
Leg
isla
tion
rese
ed
flee
olut
ion
r -
adid
ing
Ced
efi
esse
akne
nt
tolli
sise
se P
endi
ng
.14.
1101
le
ddis
it.±
4
4E
xecu
tive
Ord
w
Res
olut
ion
appl
ies.
only
to s
choo
ls.
2 L
egis
latio
n de
feat
ed in
rec
ent s
ouk"
will
be
rein
tnad
uced
.
$ L
egis
latio
n M
ao p
endi
ng o
r un
der
stud
y..
Arc
hite
ctur
al b
arri
ers
requ
irem
ents
incl
uded
in s
tets
bin
ning
°Mgr
P'0
1,4.
0101
141r
.
legi
stat
ive
dire
ctiv
e.
z
The
Met
hod
The
bul
k of
the
raw
dat
a us
ed a
s th
e ba
sis
ofth
is s
tudy
was
obt
aine
d th
ough
the
use
of s
urve
yqu
estio
nnai
res.
Que
stio
nnai
res
wer
e m
aile
d to
the
follo
win
g in
divi
dual
s, g
roup
s, a
nd a
genc
ies:
1. S
tate
atto
rney
s ge
nera
l; St
ate
agen
cies
in-
volv
ed in
the
plan
ning
or
cons
truc
tion
of p
ublic
build
ings
; and
Sta
te o
ffic
ials
kno
wn
to h
ave
resp
onsi
bilit
y fo
r en
forc
emen
t of
stat
utes
, exe
cu-
tive
dire
ctiv
es, a
nd a
dmin
istr
ativ
e de
cisi
ons
rela
-tiv
e to
arc
hite
ctur
al b
arri
ers.
In
addi
tion,
dir
ec-
tors
of
Stat
e di
visi
ons
of r
ehab
ilita
tion
wer
e as
ked
to s
uppl
y in
form
atio
n no
t ava
ilabl
e th
roug
hot
her
sour
ces.
2. M
ayor
s an
d ci
ty m
anag
ers
in a
ll ci
ties
and
tow
nshi
ps h
avin
g 50
,000
or
mor
e in
habi
tant
s an
dco
unty
adm
inis
trat
ors
in a
ll co
untie
sw
ithpo
pu-
latio
ns e
xcee
ding
100
,000
. Que
stio
nnai
res
re-
turn
ed f
rom
thes
e so
urce
s w
ere
used
as
the
basi
sof
cas
e st
udy
city
sel
ectio
ns.
3. B
uild
ing
mat
eria
l man
ufac
ture
rs a
nd s
up-
plie
rs, a
ssoc
iatio
ns o
f fa
cilit
y op
erat
ors,
pro
fes-
sion
al a
nd te
chni
cal o
rgan
izat
ions
, and
ass
oci-
atio
ns r
epre
sent
ing
the
phys
ical
ly h
andi
capp
ed.
4. A
ppro
xim
atel
y 10
per
cent
of
the
regi
ster
edar
chite
cts
in th
e U
nite
d St
ates
.T
he f
ollo
win
g ta
ble
lists
the
num
ber
ofqu
es-
tionn
aire
s se
nt to
eac
hgr
oup
and
the
num
ber
and
perc
ent o
f re
plie
s re
ceiv
ed.
Que
stio
nnai
reN
umbe
rm
aile
d
Num
ber
repl
ies
rece
ived
Per
cent
rdur
nA
ttorn
eys
gene
ral
5044
88St
ate
offi
cial
s14
083
59C
ity o
ffic
ials
379
278
73C
ount
y of
fici
als
272
121
44A
rchi
tect
s2,
975
704
23B
uild
ing
mat
eria
lsM
anuf
actu
rers
-sup
plie
rs...
.7
686
Faci
lity
oper
ator
s15
1060
Prof
essi
onal
and
txhn
ical
Org
aniz
atio
ns24
1771
Han
dica
pped
gro
ups
1512
80
Tot
als
3, 8
771,
275
33A
vera
ge-
A p
rom
inen
t arc
hite
ctur
al f
irm
in W
ashi
ngto
n,D
.C.,
was
com
mis
sion
ed to
do
a co
mpa
rativ
eco
st a
naly
sis
of s
ever
al ty
pes
of p
ublic
bui
ldin
gs,
with
and
with
out b
arri
er-f
ree
desi
gn f
eatu
res.
Fina
lly, a
wel
l-kn
own
publ
ic o
pini
on r
esea
rch
firm
was
ret
aine
d to
det
erm
ine
the
leve
l of
publ
icaw
aren
ess
of th
e ne
eds
and
prob
lem
s of
the
hand
icap
ped
and
arch
itect
ural
bar
rier
s. T
his
de-
term
inat
ion
was
mad
e by
use
of
stan
dard
ran
dom
sam
plin
g te
chni
ques
str
uctu
red
to a
chie
ve r
ep-
rese
ntat
ive
geog
raph
ic,
age,
sex
, occ
upat
iona
l,an
d ed
ucat
iona
l dis
trib
utio
n.
*4 1.4f
it
.71W
ee4
,
Find
ings
Bas
ed U
pon
an A
naly
sis
ofSt
ate
Law
s an
d R
egul
atio
ns R
elat
ive
to A
rchi
tec-
tura
l Bar
rier
s
1. S
tate
gov
ernm
ents
hav
e m
ade
cons
ider
able
prog
ress
dur
ing
the
last
5 y
ears
in th
eir
effo
rts
tom
ake
publ
icly
ow
ned
build
ings
and
fac
ilitie
sfr
eely
acc
essi
ble
to th
e ph
ysic
ally
han
dica
pped
.Su
ch e
ffor
ts h
ave
been
dir
ecte
d by
sta
tuto
ry r
e-qu
irem
ents
in 3
4 St
ates
, by
legi
slat
ive
reso
lutio
nin
fiv
e St
ates
, by
build
ing
code
s in
two
Stat
cs, a
ndby
exe
cutiv
e or
ders
in th
ree
Stat
es.'"
In th
e re
-m
aini
ng s
ix S
tate
s so
me
prog
ress
in b
arri
erel
imin
atio
n ha
s be
en m
ade
as a
res
ult o
f ad
min
-is
trat
ive
deci
sion
s by
thos
e in
volv
ed in
the
plan
-ni
ng a
nd c
onst
ruct
ion
of p
ublic
bui
ldin
gsan
dfa
cilit
ies.
2. T
he "
Am
eric
an S
tand
ard
Spec
ific
atio
ns f
orM
akin
g B
uild
ings
and
Fac
ilitie
sA
cces
sibl
e to
,an
d U
sabl
e by
, the
Phy
sica
lly H
andi
capp
ed"
isth
e ba
sis
for
law
s an
d re
gula
tions
in a
maj
ority
of S
tate
s. T
he s
peci
fica
tions
wer
e ad
opte
d in
toto
in s
ix S
tate
s an
d by
ref
eren
ce in
eig
ht S
tate
s; a
nad
ditio
nal 1
5 St
ates
use
d th
e sp
ecif
icat
ions
inpa
rt a
s th
e ba
sis
for
thei
r St
ate
law
s or
reg
ula-
tions
. Tw
o ot
her
Stat
es h
ave
reco
mm
ende
d ut
ili-
zatio
n of
the
ASA
Spe
cifi
catio
ns in
thei
r le
gisl
a-tiv
e re
solu
tions
.
1 In
a nu
mbe
r of
the
34 S
tate
s w
hich
have
ena
cted
legi
slat
ion
rela
tive
to a
rchi
tect
ural
bar
rier
s, S
tate
reg
u-la
tory
age
ncie
s ha
ve b
een
dire
cted
to p
rom
ulga
te r
ules
and
regu
latio
ns w
hich
wer
e su
bseq
uent
ly in
corp
orat
edin
to b
uild
ing
or o
ther
cod
es.
3. O
ne o
f th
e m
ost i
mpo
rtan
t asp
ects
of
ago
od a
rchi
tect
ural
bar
rier
s la
w, i
rres
pect
ive
ofco
mpl
ianc
e re
quir
emen
ts, i
s th
e as
sign
men
t of
enfo
rcem
ent r
espo
nsib
ility
.If
enf
orce
men
t is
cent
raliz
ed, a
nd if
the
law
has
bee
n ad
opte
d in
toth
e St
ate
build
ing
code
or
othe
r co
de, t
hen
the
chan
ces
of u
nifo
rm, s
tate
wid
e im
plem
enta
tion
are
impr
oved
. Whe
re e
nfor
cem
ent r
espo
nsib
ility
is w
idel
y di
sper
sed
or n
onex
iste
nt, o
ppor
tuni
ties
for
evas
ion
are
grea
tly in
crea
sed.
4. T
he s
ucce
sful
impl
emen
tatio
n of
Sta
tela
ws
and
regu
latio
ns r
elat
ive
to a
chite
ctur
alba
rrie
rs d
epen
ds u
pon
a co
nvic
tion
of th
eir
valu
e,th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
syst
emat
ic e
nfor
cem
ent p
ro-
cedu
res
to in
sure
com
plia
nce,
and
fin
anci
al a
ndad
min
istr
ativ
e su
ppor
t by
Stat
e le
gisl
atur
es a
ndof
fici
als
5. W
ith o
r w
ithou
t sta
tuto
ry r
equi
rem
ents
or
othe
r re
gula
tions
, the
elim
inat
ion
of a
rchi
tect
ural
barr
iers
dep
ends
on
the
awar
enes
s of
and
rec
og-
nitio
n gi
ven
to th
e ne
eds
of th
e ph
ysic
ally
han
di-
capp
ed b
y th
ose
who
dir
ect,
supe
rvis
e, o
rin
flue
nce
the
plan
ning
and
bui
ldin
g of
pub
licbu
ildin
gs a
nd f
acili
ties.
A g
reat
dea
l mor
e ne
eds
to b
e do
ne to
enc
oura
ge a
n in
crea
sed
awar
enes
sof
the
need
s of
the
phys
ical
ly h
andi
capp
ed in
gain
ing
acce
ss to
and
util
izin
g pu
blic
fac
ilitie
s on
the
part
of
Stat
e an
d lo
cal o
ffic
ials
.
Find
ings
Bas
ed U
pon
a M
ail S
urve
y of
Loc
al G
over
nmen
t Eff
orts
To
Elim
inat
eA
rchi
tect
ural
Bar
rier
s
1. L
ocal
gov
ernm
ents
hav
e m
ade
only
lim
ited
prog
ress
tow
ard
the
elim
inat
ion
of a
rchi
tect
ural
barr
iers
in b
uild
ings
and
fac
ilitie
s op
en to
, and
used
by,
the
publ
ic. T
he g
reat
maj
ority
of
the
Nat
ion'
s ci
ties
and
coun
ties
have
not
und
erta
ken
any
prog
ram
s de
sign
ed to
elim
inat
e ar
chite
ctur
alba
rrie
rs to
the
hand
icap
ped.
In
resp
onse
to q
ues-
tionn
aire
s se
nt to
379
citi
es a
nd to
wns
and
to 2
72co
untie
s, o
nly
95 c
ities
and
42
coun
ties
repo
rted
loca
l eff
orts
to e
limin
ate
barr
iers
.2.
The
nee
d fo
r th
e el
imin
atio
n of
arc
hite
c-tu
ral b
arri
ers
has
not b
een
clea
rly
dem
onst
rate
dto
a v
ery
subs
tant
ial n
umbe
r of
off
icia
ls o
f po
-lit
ical
sub
divi
sion
s. L
ack
of a
ppar
ent n
eed
is th
ere
ason
giv
en b
y ap
prox
imat
ely
40 p
erce
nt o
f th
eci
ty o
ffic
ials
and
by
appr
oxim
atel
y 30
per
cent
of
the
coun
ty o
ffic
ials
for
the
abse
nce
of p
rogr
ams
desi
gned
to m
ake
publ
ic b
uild
ings
acc
essi
ble
to,
and
usab
le b
y, th
e ph
ysic
ally
han
dica
pped
.3.
Pol
itica
l sub
divi
sion
s te
nd to
fav
or e
nact
-m
ent o
f St
ate
legi
slat
ion
to e
limin
ate
arch
i-te
ctur
al b
arri
ers
to th
e ha
ndic
appe
d in
the
ab-
senc
e of
a c
lear
and
app
aren
t nee
d fo
r ac
tion
bylo
cal g
over
nmen
t. T
his
is in
dica
ted
by th
e fa
ctth
at "
abse
nce
of a
lega
l req
uire
men
t" w
as th
ese
cond
mos
t fre
quen
tly g
iven
rea
son
for
the
lack
of a
bar
rier
elim
inat
ion
prog
ram
, and
ena
ctm
ent
of S
tate
legi
slat
ion
was
con
side
red
by c
ity a
ndco
unty
off
icia
ls a
s on
e of
the
best
mea
ns f
or m
ak-
ing
publ
ic b
uild
ings
acc
essi
ble
to, a
nd u
sabl
e by
,th
e ha
ndic
appe
d.4.
Des
pite
the
will
ingn
ess
of lo
cal o
ffic
ials
tore
ly u
pon
Stat
e le
gisl
atio
n, e
limin
atio
n of
arc
hi-
tect
ural
bar
rier
s in
the
desi
gn s
tage
was
con
-si
dere
d th
e m
ost e
ffec
tive
way
to a
ssur
e ba
rrie
r-fr
ee c
onst
ruct
ion
whe
n re
spon
ses
of lo
cal o
ffi-
cial
s w
ere
eval
uate
d on
a w
eigh
ted
scal
e.5.
The
exi
sten
ce o
f lo
cal c
omm
ittee
s to
sup
-po
rt e
limin
atio
n of
arc
hite
ctur
al b
arri
ers,
esp
e-ci
ally
in th
e ci
ties,
alm
ost g
uara
ntee
s lo
cal a
ctio
nin
dea
ling
with
this
pro
blem
. With
onl
yon
eex
cept
ion,
eve
ry c
ity th
at r
epor
ted
such
a c
om-
mitt
ee h
ad m
ade
effo
rts
to e
limin
ate
barr
iers
.O
n th
e ot
her
hand
, the
abs
ence
of
an a
rchi
tec-
tura
l bar
rier
s co
mm
ittee
doe
s no
t pre
clud
e th
ees
tabl
ishm
ent o
f su
ch a
pro
gram
.
6. M
unic
ipal
ord
inan
ces
and
Stat
e la
ws
rela
-tiv
e to
the
elim
inat
ion
of a
rchi
tect
ural
bar
rier
sap
pear
to b
e of
onl
y lim
ited
effe
ctiv
enes
s. T
hey
gene
rally
app
ly o
nly
to n
ew, p
ublic
ly o
wne
dbu
ildin
g; te
nd to
be
perm
issi
ve r
athe
r th
anm
anda
tory
bec
ause
of
the
incl
usio
n of
"es
cape
"cl
ause
s; a
nd f
requ
ently
are
am
bigu
ous
with
re-
spec
t to
the
resp
onsi
bilit
y fo
r en
forc
emen
t. In
addi
tion,
whe
re e
nfor
cem
ent r
espo
nsib
ility
iscl
earl
y fi
xed,
fun
ds a
re o
ften
not
pro
vide
d fo
rim
plem
enta
tion.
How
ever
, onl
y a
few
loca
lof
fici
als
cons
ider
thei
rle
gisl
atio
nin
effe
ctiv
e.W
here
it is
so
cons
ider
ed, i
neff
ectiv
enes
s is
attr
ib-
uted
to th
e ab
senc
e of
man
dato
ry p
rovi
sion
s.
Find
ings
Bas
ed U
pon
a N
atio
nwid
e Su
rvey
of P
ublic
Atti
tude
s T
owar
d th
e A
rchi
tect
ural
Bar
rier
s Pr
oble
m
1. T
he m
ajor
ity o
f th
e pe
ople
in th
e co
untr
yar
e no
t par
ticul
arly
con
cern
ed a
bout
the
prob
-le
m o
f ar
chite
ctur
al b
arri
ers
to th
e ha
ndic
appe
d.A
lthou
gh s
even
out
of
10 p
erso
ns in
terv
iew
ed in
ana
tionw
ide
publ
ic o
pini
on s
urve
y w
ere
awar
e of
the
phys
ical
obs
tacl
es th
at im
pede
the
mob
ility
of h
andi
capp
ed p
erso
ns, a
ppro
xim
atel
y 64
per
-ce
nt in
dica
ted
that
they
had
giv
en th
e pr
oble
mlit
tle o
r no
thou
ght.
2. G
ener
ally
spe
akin
g, w
omen
are
mor
e sy
m-
path
etic
to th
e pr
oble
m o
f ar
chite
ctur
al b
arri
ers
than
men
. In
addi
tion,
the
youn
gest
and
hig
her
educ
ated
gro
ups
wer
e m
ore
awar
e of
the
prob
lem
,co
nsid
ered
it to
be
mor
e se
riou
s, a
nd w
ere
mor
efa
vora
bly
disp
osed
tow
ard
grea
ter
com
mun
ityac
tion
to r
emov
e ba
rrie
rs th
an a
ny o
ther
gro
ups.
3. A
ssum
ing
the
surv
ey s
ampl
e w
as tr
uly
rep-
rese
ntat
ive
of th
e U
.S. p
opul
atio
n as
a w
hole
,ab
out 1
8 pe
rcen
t of
the
peop
le in
this
cou
ntry
are
dire
ctly
aff
ecte
d by
the
prob
lem
of
arch
itec-
tura
l bar
rier
s. S
even
per
cent
of
thes
e ar
e th
em-
37
+.4
4,2-
4,4
7
a.
ho
4.rE
errg
irff
irPE
I.7,
-".
""-
-
selv
es p
hysi
cally
han
dica
pped
and
an
addi
tiona
l11
per
cent
hav
e ha
ndic
appe
d pe
rson
s in
thei
rfa
mili
es.
4. P
oten
tial p
ublic
sup
port
for
the
inst
itutio
nof
bar
rier
elim
inat
ion
prog
ram
s ap
pear
s re
la-
tivel
y hi
gh. A
ppro
xim
atel
y 58
per
cent
of
the
peop
le in
terv
iew
ed c
onsi
dere
d ba
rrie
rs a
ver
yse
riou
s or
fai
rly
seri
ous
prob
lem
. Abo
ut 6
3 pe
r-ce
nt o
f th
e re
spon
dent
s fe
lt th
at th
eir
com
mun
itysh
ould
do
mor
e th
an is
now
bei
ng d
one
to o
ver-
com
e th
e ph
ysic
al o
bsta
cles
to th
e ha
ndic
appe
d;an
d ab
out 7
3 pe
rcen
t of
thos
e in
terv
iew
ed s
aid
that
they
wou
ld a
ppro
ve o
f th
e us
e of
tax
mon
eyfo
r th
e el
imin
atio
n of
arc
hite
ctur
al b
arri
ers.
Find
ings
Bas
ed U
pon
a M
ail S
urve
y of
Pro
-fe
ssio
nal,
Tra
de, a
nd F
acili
ty O
pera
tor
Or-
gani
zatio
ns R
elat
ive
to A
rchi
tect
ural
Bar
rier
s
1. A
rchi
tect
s ge
nera
lly a
ppea
r to
be
unfa
mili
arw
ith th
e "A
mer
ican
Sta
ndar
d Sp
ecif
icat
ions
for
Mak
ing
Bui
ldin
gs a
nd F
acili
ties
Acc
essi
ble
to,
and
Usa
ble
by, t
he P
hysi
cally
Han
dica
pped
."A
lthou
gh 5
11 o
f th
e 70
9 ar
chite
cts
resp
ondi
ng to
the
ques
tionn
aire
sta
ted
that
they
had
des
igne
dbu
ildin
gs in
whi
ch o
bsta
cles
to th
e fu
nctio
nally
limite
d ha
d be
en e
limin
ated
in th
e de
sign
sta
ge,
only
251
arc
hite
cts
ackn
owle
dged
that
they
wer
eac
quai
nted
with
the
ASA
Spe
cifi
catio
ns, a
nd o
nly
143
indi
cate
d th
at th
ey h
ad c
onfo
rmed
to th
ose
spec
ific
atio
ns in
thei
r de
sign
.2.
Abo
ut 6
0 pe
rcen
t of
the
resp
ondi
ng a
rchi
-te
cts
wer
e fa
mili
ar w
ith th
e te
rms
"arc
hite
ctur
alba
rrie
rs"
and
"bar
rier
-fre
e de
sign
," m
ostly
due
to a
rtic
les
in p
rofe
ssio
nal j
ourn
als.
Onl
y a
smal
lpe
rcen
tage
of
arch
itect
s sp
ecif
ied
prof
essi
onal
educ
atio
n as
a s
ourc
e of
thei
r ex
posu
re to
this
subj
ect.
3. M
ost o
f th
e na
tiona
l spe
cial
inte
rest
gro
ups
are
awar
e of
the
acce
ssib
ility
pro
blem
s en
-
coun
tere
d oy
the
disa
bled
and
fee
l tha
t the
elim
i-na
tion
of a
rchi
tect
ural
bar
rier
s is
a w
orth
whi
leca
use.
Rel
ativ
ely
few
of
thes
e gr
oups
, how
ever
,ha
ve f
orm
ulat
ed a
pol
icy
on th
is m
atte
r an
d ev
enfe
wer
hav
e m
ade
an e
ffor
t to
info
rm th
eir
mem
-be
rs o
f m
obili
ty p
robl
ems
of th
e ph
ysic
ally
hand
icap
ped.
4. T
he m
ajor
ity o
f th
e sp
ecia
l int
eres
t org
ani-
zatio
ns f
eel t
hat t
he a
rchi
tect
ural
bar
rier
s m
ove-
men
t will
hav
e ei
ther
a b
enef
icia
l eff
ect,
or n
oef
fect
, on
thei
r in
tere
sts.
Con
side
rabl
e do
ubt
exis
ts, h
owev
er, c
once
rnin
g th
e co
st f
acto
r. T
hefu
ll su
ppor
t of
thes
e or
gani
zatio
ns th
eref
ore
de-
pend
s up
on a
cle
ar d
emon
stra
tion
that
adh
eren
ceto
bar
rier
-fre
e de
sign
cri
teri
a w
ill n
ot im
pose
an
addi
tiona
l bur
den
on th
eir
mem
bers
.5.
Leg
isla
tion
is th
e m
ost c
ontr
over
sial
asp
ect
of th
e ar
chite
ctur
al b
arri
ers
prci
blem
. The
ma-
jori
ty o
f ar
chite
cts
and
spec
ial i
nter
est g
roup
sre
cogn
ize
the
soci
al d
esir
abili
ry o
f le
gisl
atio
n th
atw
ould
elim
inat
e ar
chite
ctur
al b
arri
ers
to th
eha
ndic
appe
d. H
owev
er, t
hese
gro
ups
indi
cate
dde
ep c
once
rn th
at s
uch
legi
slat
ion
mig
ht in
crea
seco
sts
appr
ecia
bly,
inhi
bit c
reat
ivity
, or
be u
n-ne
cess
arily
res
tric
tive.
The
ir s
uppo
rt o
r op
posi
-tio
n to
suc
h le
gisl
atio
n w
ould
be
cont
inge
nt u
pon
thes
e fa
ctor
s.
Find
ings
Bas
ed U
pon
a M
ail S
urve
y of
Han
dica
pped
Int
eres
t Gro
ups
1. H
andi
capp
ed in
tere
st g
roup
s ha
ve n
ot b
een
as p
rom
inen
t in
the
arch
itect
ural
bar
rier
mov
e-m
ent a
s th
ey m
ight
hav
e be
en. T
he r
easo
n fo
rth
is is
that
bar
rier
elim
inat
ion
is o
nly
one
face
tof
the
com
preh
ensi
ve p
rogr
ams
mos
t of
thes
egr
oups
are
pro
mot
ing.
Em
phas
is o
n ot
her
item
sw
ith h
ighe
r pr
iori
ties
has
prec
lude
d in
crea
sed
effo
rts
inpr
omot
ing
aba
rrie
rel
imin
atio
npr
ogra
m.
2. V
irtu
ally
all
hand
icap
ped
inte
rest
gro
ups
are
in f
avor
of
arch
itect
ural
bar
rier
s le
gisl
atio
n,bu
t, as
sev
eral
poi
nted
out
, mer
e en
actm
ent o
fla
ws
is n
ot th
e fi
nal a
nsw
er. C
onst
ant v
igila
nce
wou
ld s
till b
e ne
cess
ary
in o
rder
to a
ssur
e co
m-
plia
nce.
3. M
ost o
f th
e ef
fort
s m
ade
in c
onne
ctio
n w
ithba
rrie
r el
imin
atio
n ap
pear
to h
ave
been
dir
ecte
din
war
d. T
he p
robl
em h
as b
een
the
subj
ect o
f di
s-cu
ssio
n w
ithin
han
dica
pped
gro
ups,
it h
as b
een
feat
ured
at m
eetin
gs a
nd c
onfe
renc
es, a
nd in
-fo
rmat
ion
has
been
dis
sem
inat
ed to
loca
l gro
ups
and
chap
ters
. Mor
e em
phas
is s
houl
d be
pla
ced
on c
onta
ctin
g ou
tsid
e gr
oups
(go
vern
men
tal,
so-
cial
, bus
ines
s) w
ith r
egar
d to
this
pro
blem
.
Find
ings
Bas
ed U
pon
an il
naly
sis
of C
osts
Invo
lved
in th
e C
onst
ruct
ion
of B
arri
er-F
ree
Bui
ldin
gs a
nd F
acili
ties
1. T
he p
rovi
sion
of
spec
ial o
r ad
ditio
nal f
ix-
ture
s, f
eatu
res,
or
spac
e ne
eded
to m
ake
build
ings
fully
acc
essi
ble
to a
nd u
sabl
e by
han
dica
pped
per
-so
ns w
ill in
crea
se c
osts
; how
ever
, cos
t ana
lysi
s of
asm
all s
ampl
e of
typi
cal b
uild
ings
indi
cate
s th
atth
e am
ount
of
such
incr
ease
is r
elat
ivel
y sm
all
subs
tant
ially
less
than
1 p
erce
nt o
f to
tal c
onst
ruc-
tion
cost
s un
less
an
elev
ator
mus
t be
adde
d to
the
stru
ctur
e. C
ost i
ncre
ases
attr
ibut
able
to th
e in
-st
alla
tion
of a
n el
evat
or f
or th
e sp
ecif
ic p
urpo
seof
mak
ing
build
ings
and
fac
ilitie
s ac
cess
ible
to,
and
usab
le 'b
y, th
e ha
ndic
appe
d m
ay b
e re
lativ
ely
few
in n
umbe
r. T
oday
, muc
h ne
w b
uild
ing
con-
stru
ctio
n is
eith
er s
ingl
e st
ory,
and
doe
s no
t re-
quir
e el
evat
or in
stal
latio
n fo
r ac
cess
ibili
ty, o
r is
in e
xces
s of
thre
e st
orie
s, a
nd e
leva
tor
cost
s sh
ould
be c
onsi
dere
d a
nece
ssar
y co
mpo
nent
of
conv
en-
tiona
l con
stru
ctio
n co
sts.
2. I
n vi
ew o
f th
e re
cogn
ized
soc
ial v
alue
toth
e ph
ysic
ally
han
dica
pped
, the
incr
ease
in s
afet
y
to p
eopl
e w
ithou
t suc
h ha
ndic
aps,
and
the
min
i-m
al in
crea
se in
con
stru
ctio
n co
sts,
loca
l and
Sta
tego
vern
men
ts s
houl
d m
ake
a vi
goro
us e
ffor
t to
in-
sure
that
all
build
ings
and
fac
ilitie
s co
nstr
ucte
dw
ith th
e us
e of
gov
ernm
ent f
unds
be
mad
e ac
-ce
ssib
le to
, and
usa
ble
by, t
he h
andi
capp
ed.
Find
ings
Bas
ed U
pon
Cas
e St
udy
Exa
min
a-tio
n of
Loc
al E
ffor
ts T
o E
limin
ate
iIrc
hite
c-tu
ral B
arri
ers
1. M
ajor
impe
tus
to lo
cal e
ffor
ts to
elim
inat
ear
chite
ctur
al b
arri
ers
to th
e ph
ysic
ally
han
di-
capp
ed h
as b
een
prov
ided
by
publ
ic a
nd p
riva
tehe
alth
and
wel
fare
age
ncie
s an
d or
gani
zatio
ns,
part
icul
arly
thos
e th
at r
epre
sent
or
are
mai
nly
conc
erne
d w
ith p
robl
ems
of th
e ha
ndic
appe
d,an
d by
pri
vate
indi
vidu
als.
For
emos
t am
ong
thes
e gr
oups
are
the
loca
l com
mitt
ees
for
empl
oy-
men
t of
the
hand
icap
ped
and
soci
etie
s fo
r cr
ip-
pled
chi
ldre
n an
d ad
ults
.2.
The
gre
at m
ajor
ity o
f lo
cal a
nd S
tate
law
san
d re
gula
tions
rel
ativ
e to
arc
hite
ctur
al b
arri
ers
appl
y so
lely
to g
over
nmen
tal b
uild
ings
and
fac
il-iti
es. S
uch
stru
ctur
es, a
lthou
gh o
f pr
imar
y im
-po
rtan
ce f
or th
e m
aint
enan
ce o
f co
mm
unity
heal
th, e
duca
tion,
and
wel
fare
, are
not
pla
ces
in w
hich
larg
e nu
mbe
rs o
f ph
ysic
ally
han
di-
capp
ed in
divi
dual
s ca
n fi
nd e
mpl
oym
ent a
ndth
us m
ake
a us
eful
con
trib
utio
n to
soc
iety
. The
grea
t maj
ority
of
the
build
ings
in w
hich
em
ploy
-m
ent o
ppor
tuni
ties
exis
t are
pri
vate
ly o
wne
d in
our
soci
ety.
As
a co
nseq
uenc
e, in
crea
sed
effo
rtm
ust b
e m
ade
to s
ecur
e th
e co
oper
atio
n an
dsu
ppor
t of
the
busi
ness
com
mun
ity, w
hich
to d
ate
has
give
n lit
tle s
uppo
rt in
mos
t are
as.
3. E
limin
atio
n of
arc
hite
ctur
al b
arri
ers
mus
tof
nec
essi
ty b
e a
long
-ter
m p
rogr
am. S
ubst
antia
lm
odif
icat
ion
of th
e ur
ban
envi
ronm
ent t
o fa
cili- 39
(
tate
the
mov
emen
t of
the
phys
ical
ly h
andi
capp
edca
nnot
be
achi
eved
ove
rnig
ht. E
limin
atio
n of
barr
iers
can
be
acco
mpl
ishe
d on
ly a
s ne
w b
uild
-in
gsar
eco
nstr
ucte
dor
old
build
ings
are
rem
odel
ed.
4. L
ocal
ass
ocia
tions
of
hand
icap
ped
pers
ons
have
pla
yed
prim
arily
a s
uppo
rtiv
e ro
le in
pro
-m
otin
g th
e el
imin
atio
n of
arch
itect
ural
bar
rier
s.M
ost o
f th
ese
asso
ciat
ions
hav
e be
en f
orm
ed f
orso
cial
and
rec
reat
iona
l rat
her
than
pol
itica
l pur
-po
ses.
In m
any
com
mun
ities
, the
han
dica
pped
have
left
prom
otio
n of
barr
ier
elim
inat
ion
thro
ugh
polit
ical
mea
ns to
the
publ
ican
d pr
ivat
ehe
alth
and
wel
fare
org
aniz
atio
ns a
nd a
genc
ies.
NA
TIO
NA
LPU
BL
IC O
PIN
ION
PO
LL
A r
epre
sent
ativ
e sa
mpl
e of
1,5
74 a
dults
in r
ural
and
urba
n co
mm
uniti
es a
cros
s th
e N
atio
n re
veal
ed th
at:
75%
are
aw
are
of th
e ph
ysic
al o
bsta
cles
that
res
tric
tth
e m
obili
ty o
f ha
ndic
appe
d pe
rson
s in
thei
rco
mm
uniti
es.
89%
are
not
aw
are
of a
ny e
ffor
ts to
elim
inat
e ba
rrie
rsin
thei
r co
mm
uniti
es.
63%
thou
ght t
hat m
ore
shou
ld b
e do
ne in
the
com
-m
unity
to o
verc
ome
obst
acle
s to
the
hand
icap
ped.
AR
CH
ITE
CT
S' L
EV
EL
OF
AW
AR
EN
ESS
A s
urve
y of
2,8
75 a
rchi
tect
s in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es(a
bout
10%
of
the
tota
l) in
dica
tes
that
:
60%
are
fam
iliar
with
the
term
s "a
rchi
tect
ural
bar
-ri
ers"
or
"bar
rier
-fre
e de
sign
."
65%
are
not
fam
iliar
with
the
USA
SI S
peci
fica
tions
for
"Mak
ing
Bui
ldin
gs a
nd F
acili
ties
Acc
essi
ble
to a
nd U
sabl
e by
the
Phys
ical
ly H
andi
capp
ed."
34%
are
aw
are
of th
e le
gal r
equi
rem
ents
of
thei
r St
ate
and
loca
l gov
ernm
ents
to p
rovi
de a
cces
sibi
lity
toth
e ha
ndic
appe
d in
pub
lic b
uild
ings
.
CIT
Y A
CT
ION
In r
espo
nse
to q
uest
ionn
aire
s on
arc
hite
ctur
al b
arri
ers
sent
to 3
79 c
ities
:
278
resp
onde
d.95
rep
orte
d ef
fort
s to
rem
ove
arch
itect
ural
bar
rier
s:
56 o
ffic
ial a
ctio
n.'
39 in
form
al a
ctio
n.
CO
UN
TY
AC
TIO
N
In r
espo
nse
to q
uest
ionn
aire
s on
arc
hite
ctur
al b
arri
ers
sent
to 2
72 c
ount
ies
:
124
resp
onde
d.42
rep
orte
d ef
fort
s to
rem
ove
arch
itect
ural
bar
rier
s:
28 o
ffic
ial a
ctio
n.'
14 in
form
al a
ctio
n.
1 26
juri
sdic
tions
rep
orte
d le
gal a
ctio
n; 3
0 to
ok a
d-m
inis
trat
ive
actio
n.°
7 ju
risd
ictio
ns r
epor
ted
lega
l act
ion;
21
took
ad-
min
istr
ativ
e ac
tion.
Sour
ce :
"Sta
te a
nd L
ocal
Eff
orts
to E
limin
ate
Arc
hi-
tect
ural
Bar
rier
s to
the
Han
dica
pped
,1 N
atio
nal L
eagu
eof
Citi
es, D
epar
tmen
t of
Urb
an S
tudi
es, N
ovem
ber
1967
.
Com
pari
son
of th
e Fo
ur M
ajor
Nat
iona
lB
uild
ing
Cod
es w
ith th
e A
mer
ican
Stan
dard
s A
ssoc
iatio
n Sp
ecif
icat
ions
'O
ver
3,50
0 lo
cal g
over
nmen
tal u
nits
in th
eU
nite
d St
ates
sub
scri
be to
one
of
the
four
maj
orna
tiona
l bui
ldin
g co
des:
The
Sou
ther
n St
anda
rdB
uild
ing
Cod
e of
the
Sout
hern
Bui
ldin
g C
ode
Con
gres
s; th
e U
nifo
rm B
uild
ing
Cod
e of
the
Inte
rnat
iona
l Con
fere
nce
of B
uild
ing
Off
icia
ls;
the
Nat
iona
l Bui
ldin
g C
ode
of th
e A
mer
ican
Insu
ranc
e A
ssoc
iatio
n; o
r th
e B
asic
Bui
ldin
gC
ode
of th
e B
uild
ing
Off
icia
ls C
onfe
renc
e of
Am
eric
a.G
ener
ally
, the
cod
es a
re r
emed
ial r
egul
atio
nsth
at a
re d
irec
ted
tow
ard
thre
e ar
eas:
(1)
sta-
bilit
y an
d st
urdi
ness
of
cons
truc
tion,
(2)
fire
safe
ty, a
nd (
3) h
ealth
and
san
itatio
n. A
ll th
eco
des
set f
orth
sta
ndar
ds th
at a
re s
peci
fica
llypr
omul
gate
d ac
cord
ing
to th
e ty
pe o
f oc
cupa
ncy
for
whi
ch a
bui
ldin
g is
des
igne
d. A
lthou
gh th
ere
are
min
or v
aria
tions
am
ong
the
code
s on
oc-
cupa
ncy
type
s, n
ine
prin
cipa
l occ
upan
cycl
assi
-
fica
tions
are
dis
cern
ible
. The
se a
re :
a. A
ssem
blyc
hurc
hes,
thea
ters
,au
dito
rium
s,st
adiu
ms,
libr
arie
s, m
useu
ms.
b. B
usin
essb
anks
, mar
kets
, res
taur
ants
, de-
part
men
t sto
res,
off
ice
build
ings
.c.
Edu
catio
nals
choo
ls, a
cade
mie
s,co
llege
s,un
iver
sitie
s.d.
Ins
titut
iona
lhos
pita
ls, a
sylu
ms,
orp
han-
ages
, hom
es f
or th
e ag
ed, p
riso
ns.
e. H
azar
dous
dryc
lean
ing
shop
s, c
hem
istr
yla
bs, g
rain
ele
vato
rs.
The
Am
eric
an S
tand
ards
Mso
ciat
ion
is n
ow th
eU
nite
d St
ates
of
Am
eric
a St
anda
rds
Inst
itute
.
f. I
ndus
tria
lman
ufac
turi
ng p
lant
s, f
acto
ries
,m
ills.
g. S
tora
gew
areh
ouse
s, d
epot
s, s
uppl
y ar
eas,
gara
ges,
air
plan
e ha
ngar
s.h.
Res
iden
tials
ingl
e an
d m
ultip
le d
wel
lings
,ho
tels
, con
vent
s, d
orm
itori
es, r
oom
ingh
ouse
s.i.
Mix
edbu
ildin
gs in
whi
ch tw
o or
mor
e of
the
abov
e oc
cupa
ncy
type
s ar
e fo
und.
Non
e of
the
code
s ha
ve e
x po
st f
acto
app
lica-
tion;
thei
r pr
ovis
ions
do
not a
pply
ret
roac
tivel
yto
bui
ldin
gs c
onst
ruct
ed b
efor
e th
e co
de w
asad
opte
d. G
ener
al p
rovi
sion
has
bee
n m
ade,
how
-ev
er, f
or f
orci
ng c
ompl
ianc
e in
pre
viou
sly
exis
t-in
g bu
ildin
gs u
nder
thes
e ci
rcum
stan
ces:
1. I
f th
e pr
evio
usly
exi
stin
g bu
ildin
g is
alte
red
or r
epai
red
to a
n ex
tent
cos
ting
in e
xces
s of
50 p
erce
nt o
f its
val
ue, t
hen
the
build
ing
shal
lco
mpl
y w
ith th
e co
de.
2. I
f th
e pr
evio
usly
exi
stin
g bu
ildin
g is
alte
red
or r
epai
red
to a
n ex
tent
cos
ting
betw
een
25 a
nd50
per
cent
of
its v
alue
, the
n th
e bu
ildin
g sh
all
com
ply
with
the
code
in th
e af
fect
ed p
arts
toan
ext
ent d
eter
min
ed b
y th
e bu
ildin
g of
fici
al.
Rep
airs
or
alte
ratio
ns in
volv
ing
less
than
25
perc
ent o
f th
e va
lue
of th
e bu
ildin
g do
not
nec
es-
sita
te c
ompl
ianc
e w
ith th
e co
de.
It is
sig
nifi
cant
to n
ote
that
eac
h of
the
four
code
s ha
s a
stat
emen
t of
purp
ose
pert
aini
ng to
publ
ic s
afet
y, h
ealth
, and
gen
eral
wel
fare
that
coul
d be
inte
rpre
ted
as a
dequ
ate
just
ific
atio
n fo
rel
imin
atin
g, o
r m
inim
izin
g th
e ef
fect
s of
, arc
hi-
tect
ural
bar
rier
s to
the
'phy
sica
lly h
andi
capp
ed.
The
fou
r ba
sic
code
s ar
e on
ly "
mod
el"
code
s.
APP
EN
DIX
IV
Ver
y fe
w m
unic
ipal
ities
em
brac
e a
code
in to
to.
Adm
inis
trat
ive
prov
isio
ns in
the
code
s m
ust
usua
lly b
e al
tere
d to
com
ply
with
Sta
te o
r lo
cal
law
. Eng
inee
ring
sta
ndar
ds a
re u
sual
ly le
ft u
n-to
uche
d, b
ut th
e pr
actic
e of
alte
ring
bui
ldin
gsp
ecif
icat
ions
of
code
s by
pas
sing
lo,;a
1 or
dina
nces
is s
o co
mm
on th
at it
is th
e ru
le r
athe
r th
an th
eex
cept
ion.
Thu
s, it
is e
rron
eous
to th
ink
that
whe
na
loca
lity
adop
ts a
cod
e by
ord
inan
ce th
at a
ll th
epr
ovis
ions
of
that
cod
e w
ill b
e m
anda
tory
in th
atju
risd
ictio
n. T
he lo
calit
y is
fre
e to
acc
ept o
r re
-je
ct, b
y or
dina
nce,
any
spe
difi
catio
ns o
r st
and-
ards
with
whi
ch it
doe
s no
t wis
h to
com
ply.
On
the
posi
tive
side
, the
loca
l gov
ernm
ent i
s eq
ually
free
to a
dopt
mor
e st
ring
ent s
tand
ards
(su
ch a
sth
e A
SA S
peci
fica
tions
)fo
r in
clus
ion
inits
build
ing
code
.T
he im
port
of
the
abov
e, f
or th
e pu
rpos
e of
elim
inat
ing
arch
itect
ural
bar
rier
s, is
that
eve
n if
all f
our
code
s di
d ac
cept
incl
usio
n of
the
ASA
Spec
ific
atio
ns, i
t wou
ld n
ot n
eces
sari
ly r
esul
t in
the
appl
icat
ion
of th
ese
spec
ific
atio
ns in
thos
eju
rdis
dict
ions
sub
scri
bing
to th
e co
des.
r A
%)
eV
......
7ty,
,t,V
Itft Ail\
AA
AW
,
V11
1,Il.
t
APP
EN
DIX
V
Bar
rier
-Fre
e A
rch
itect
ure
42
A r
epor
t to
the
Reh
abili
tatio
n Se
rvic
esA
dmin
-is
trat
ion,
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
, Edu
catio
n,an
dW
elfa
re, b
y th
e A
mer
ican
Ins
titut
e of
Arc
hite
cts,
Poto
mac
Val
ley
Cha
pter
, AIA
, Tas
k Fo
rce.
Fore
wor
d
Lat
e in
196
5 th
e C
ongr
ess
esta
blis
hed
the
Na-
tiona
l Com
mis
sion
on
Arc
hite
ctur
alB
arri
ers
and
desi
gnat
ed th
e V
ocat
iona
l Reh
abili
tatio
nA
dmin
-is
trat
ion,
HE
W, t
o pr
ovid
e st
aff
and
adm
inis
tra-
tion.
In
Apr
il 19
66, t
he S
ecre
tary
appo
inte
d th
em
embe
rs o
f th
is C
omm
issi
on w
ith L
eon
Cha
te-
lain
, FA
IA, a
s its
cha
irm
an.
The
Am
eric
an I
nstit
ute
of A
rchi
tect
sof
fere
dto
ass
ist i
n th
e w
ork
of th
eC
omm
issi
on, a
nd in
Dec
embe
r 19
66 a
gree
men
t was
rea
ched
on
aw
ork
pros
pect
us a
nd a
gra
nt in
the
amou
ntof
$58,
775
was
mad
e to
the
inst
itute
by th
e V
oca-
tiona
l Reh
abili
tatio
n A
dmin
istr
atio
n.1
The
Pot
omac
Val
ley
Cha
pter
of
the
Inst
itute
was
des
igna
ted
topr
ovid
e th
e ta
sk f
orce
to".
..
expl
ore
the
reas
ons
why
the
ASA
Sta
nd-
, ards
hav
e no
t bee
n im
plem
ente
d,an
d to
ex-
plor
e an
d te
st o
ne o
r m
ore
mea
nsfo
r re
achi
ngth
e ar
chite
ct a
nd o
ther
s w
ho a
ffec
tbui
ldin
g de
ci-
sion
s w
ith c
once
pts
and
usea
ble
mat
eria
lsw
hich
can
be tr
ansl
ated
into
dec
isio
ns f
or b
arri
er-f
ree
arch
itect
ure.
"T
he c
hapt
er g
rate
fully
ack
now
ledg
es th
e as
-si
stan
ce in
the
perf
orm
ance
of
its ta
sk,
of th
em
any
indi
vidu
als
and
orga
niza
tions
wor
king
inth
e fi
eld;
in p
artic
ular
, tho
se a
ssoc
iate
dw
ith th
eR
ehab
ilita
tion
Serv
ices
Adm
inis
trat
ion,
the
Na-
tiona
l Com
mis
sion
on
Arc
hite
ctur
al B
arri
ers,
the
Nat
iona
l Soc
iety
for
Cri
pple
d C
hild
ren
and
Adu
lts, t
he N
atio
nal C
ounc
il on
the
Agi
ng,
and
the
Am
eric
an I
nstit
ute
of A
rchi
tect
s.
Poto
mac
Val
ley
Cha
pter
, AIA
,T
ask
Forc
e,
ED
WA
RD
H. N
OA
KE
S, A
IA,
Proj
ect D
irec
tor.
Com
mitt
ee o
n A
rchi
tect
ural
Bar
rier
s,
RO
BE
RT
M. D
ILL
ON
, AIA
, Cha
irm
an,
ED
WIN
F. B
AL
L, A
IA,
JAM
ES
F. H
ILL
EA
RY
, AIA
.
'Rec
ently
red
esig
nate
d as
the
Reh
abili
tatio
n Se
rvic
esA
dmin
istr
atio
n.
Intr
oduc
tion
The
stu
dy u
pon
whi
ch th
is r
epor
t is
base
d w
asun
dert
aken
with
the
follo
win
g pr
inci
pal o
bjec
-tiv
es in
vie
w:
To
asce
rtai
n, th
roug
h a
pilo
t stu
dy, r
easo
ns f
orfa
ilure
by
arch
itect
s, b
uild
ing
owne
rs, a
ndot
hers
to in
clud
e pr
ovis
ion
for
the
hand
icap
ped
in b
uild
ings
.T
o de
vise
new
mat
eria
ls a
nd m
etho
ds o
f pr
es-
enta
tion
to r
each
the
arch
itect
ural
and
bui
ld-
ing
com
mun
ities
with
a v
iew
to e
ncou
ragi
ngba
rrie
r-fr
ee a
rchi
tect
ure.
To
deve
lop
and
test
a pr
otot
ype
pack
age
of il
lust
rativ
e an
d/or
othe
rpr
oble
m-d
efin
ing
and
inst
ruct
iona
lm
ater
ials
.T
o ou
tline
a lo
ng-r
ange
pro
gram
of
impl
emen
-ta
tion
of th
e de
vise
d pl
an, a
nd m
eans
for
stim
u-la
ting
and
cond
uctin
g co
ntin
ued
rese
arch
.
In s
eeki
ng th
ese
obje
ctiv
es, t
he c
omm
ittee
en-
tere
d in
to c
ontr
act w
ith W
alte
r G
erso
n &
As-
soci
ates
, Inc
., to
con
duct
an
opin
ion
and
attit
ude
surv
ey a
mon
g a
smal
l but
repr
esen
tativ
e sa
mpl
eof
thos
e w
ho e
ffec
t bui
ldin
g de
cisi
ons
for
orag
ains
t bar
rier
-fre
e ar
chite
ctur
e in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es; i
.e.,
arch
itect
s, th
ose
who
con
stitu
te th
ebu
ildin
g ow
ner
grou
p, a
rchi
tect
ural
edu
cato
rs,
and
thos
e w
ho f
inan
ce b
uild
ing
activ
ity. A
de-
taile
d qu
estio
nnai
re f
or u
se in
per
sona
l int
er-
view
s w
as d
evel
oped
, pilo
t tes
ted,
and
fin
ally
em
-pl
oyed
in54
inte
rvie
ws
geog
raph
ical
ly a
ndcl
imat
ical
ly d
istr
ibut
ed a
cros
s th
e N
atio
n.O
n th
e ba
sis
of th
e pi
lot s
urve
y re
sults
the
com
mitt
ee d
ecid
ed th
at tw
o ph
iloso
phic
al a
p-
proa
ches
to th
e en
cour
agem
ent o
f ba
rrie
r-fr
eear
chite
ctur
e ne
eded
to b
e te
sted
for
eff
ectiv
enes
s;na
mel
y, (
a) d
esig
ning
and
bui
ldin
g fo
r th
e re
alra
ther
than
the
assu
med
ave
rage
phy
sica
l and
men
tal c
hara
cter
istic
s of
the
popu
latio
n, a
nd(b
) de
sign
ing
and
build
ing
for
the
"phy
sica
llyha
ndic
appe
d" w
ith it
s at
tend
ant e
mot
iona
l ap-
peal
. Thi
s w
as a
ccom
plis
heda
lthou
gh in
a li
m-
ited
way
by p
rese
ntin
g bo
th c
once
pts
to tw
o as
-se
mbl
ages
of
arch
itect
s at
reg
ular
mee
tings
of
thei
r re
spec
tive
AIA
cha
pter
s.A
s a
resu
lt of
the
abov
e ci
ted
opin
ion
on a
tti-
tude
sur
vey,
it w
as a
lso
clea
r th
at a
n ef
fect
ive
desi
gn g
uide
was
nee
ded
by th
e ar
chite
cts
totr
ansl
ate
the
ASA
Sta
ndar
d an
d ot
her
info
rma-
tion
into
an
effe
ctiv
e to
ol f
or p
rofe
ssio
nal o
ffic
eus
e. B
ever
idge
Ass
ocia
tes
was
ret
aine
d to
deve
lop
the
grap
hic
desi
gn a
nd c
omm
unic
atio
ns m
edia
to p
repa
re th
e la
ngua
ge o
f a
draf
t of
such
a g
uide
for
pret
estin
g at
the
AIA
Con
vent
ion
in N
ewY
ork
City
in J
une
1967
.It
was
then
dec
ided
that
reg
ular
mee
tings
of
arch
itect
s at
reg
iona
l and
cha
pter
leve
ls p
rese
nted
oppo
rtun
ities
for
arc
hite
ct e
duca
tion
as w
ell a
sth
e de
velo
pmen
t of
a pu
blic
clim
ate
with
in w
hich
the
arch
itece
s ef
fort
s w
ould
be
favo
rabl
y re
-ce
ived
.It
was
ther
efor
e de
cide
d th
at a
pro
toty
pe c
on-
fere
nce
cont
aini
ng e
lem
ents
use
able
at b
oth
chap
-te
r lu
nche
on m
eetin
gs a
nd r
egio
nal m
eetin
gs o
fth
e A
IA, s
houl
d be
str
uctu
red,
test
ed a
nd a
mee
t-in
g gu
ide
asse
mbl
ed f
or d
isse
min
atio
n to
all
AIA
chap
ters
.T
he L
obse
nz P
ublic
atio
ns C
o. w
as r
etai
ned
toco
nduc
t the
pro
toty
pe m
eetin
g an
d de
velo
p th
em
eetin
g gu
ide.
Wilf
red
S. R
owe
was
ret
aine
d to
deve
lop
a so
und
film
str
ip to
be
an in
tegr
al p
art
of th
e m
eetin
g. T
his
prot
otyp
e m
eetin
g w
as h
eld
in W
ashi
ngto
n as
a m
eetin
g of
the
Mid
dle
At-
lant
ic R
egio
n of
the
AIA
, Oct
ober
31,
196
7.
43
It w
as th
en d
eter
min
ed th
atth
e Po
tom
ac V
al-
ley
Arc
hite
ct, t
he o
ffic
ial
publ
icat
ion
of th
e Po
-to
mac
Val
ley
Cha
pter
,AIA
, wou
ld f
orm
an
idea
l
vehi
cle
for
tran
smitt
ing
the
prot
otyp
em
eetin
g
guid
elin
es to
indi
vidu
alch
apte
rs. S
ome
450
copi
es w
ere
dist
ribu
ted
toth
e th
ree
gras
sroo
tsm
eetin
gs o
f ne
wly
ele
cted
chap
ter
pres
iden
tsac
ross
the
coun
try.
Fina
lly, t
he d
esig
n m
anua
l in
its f
inal
rec
om-
men
ded
form
is in
tend
ed to
be d
istr
ibut
ed to
ever
y ch
apte
rfo
r re
view
and
sug
gest
ions
.T
he s
urve
y, to
geth
er w
ithth
e co
nfer
ence
s an
d
addi
tiona
l int
ervi
ews
held
,ha
ve e
nabl
ed th
eco
mm
ittee
to a
sses
s th
e cu
rren
t aw
aren
ess
of
and
attit
udes
tow
ard
barr
ier-
free
arc
hite
ctur
e in
Am
eric
a, a
nd to
rec
omm
end
apo
sitiv
e pr
ogra
m
of a
ctio
n fo
r th
e bu
ildin
gco
mm
unity
with
sub
-
stan
tive
supp
ort f
or it
s pr
obab
leef
fect
iven
ess.
Wha
t fol
low
s, th
en, a
re th
eco
mm
ittee
s co
n-
clus
ions
and
rec
omm
enda
tions
,an
d su
ppor
ting
disc
ussi
on, t
oget
her
with
the
cite
d re
port
san
d
mat
eria
ls u
sed.
Con
clus
ions
and
Rec
omm
enda
tions
The
pri
ncip
al f
indi
ngs,
and
ther
efor
e co
nclu
-
sion
s, o
f th
e co
mm
ittee
are
as
follo
ws
:
1. T
here
is g
ood
unde
rsta
ndin
gof
the
conc
ept
and
desi
rabi
lity
of b
arri
er-f
ree
arch
itect
ure
byar
chite
cts,
but
not
by
thei
r cl
ient
s or
othe
r m
em-
bers
of
the
build
ing
com
mun
ity.
2. T
here
is li
ttle
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
the
true
phys
ical
cha
ract
eris
tics
of th
e po
pula
tion
by a
ll
mem
bers
of
the
build
ing
com
mun
ity.
3. T
here
is g
reat
nee
d fo
r co
ncis
e in
stru
ctio
nal
and
refe
renc
e m
ater
ials
prin
cipa
lly a
guid
e to
desi
gnad
dres
sed
to a
rchi
tect
s.
44
4. T
here
is g
reat
nee
d fo
r en
cour
agin
g cl
ient
acce
ptan
ce o
f ba
rrie
r-fr
ee d
esig
n, b
oth
as a
mat
ter
of p
ublic
res
pons
ibili
ty a
nd a
s a
serv
ice
to th
e re
al m
arke
t, th
roug
hde
velo
pmen
t of
a
clim
ate
of c
once
rn a
nd u
nder
stan
ding
.T
here
fore
,th
e co
mm
ittee
rec
omm
ends
as
follo
ws:
1. T
he N
atio
nal C
omm
issi
on s
houl
d en
cour
age
and
reco
mm
end
fina
ncia
l sup
port
oft
he f
inal
iza-
tion
and
impl
emen
tatio
n of
educ
atio
nal t
ools
and
prog
ram
s; in
par
ticul
ar :
a. T
he p
roto
type
desi
gn g
uide
sho
uld
bere
view
ed f
or a
dequ
acy
of c
over
age
and
ac-
cura
cy o
f co
nten
t,an
d th
en b
e pr
inte
d an
ddi
ssem
inat
ed a
t lea
st to
the
offi
ces
of a
llpr
actic
ing
arch
itect
s an
d sc
hool
sof
arc
hi-
tect
ure,
and
pre
fera
bly
toke
y al
lied
pro-
fess
iona
ls s
uch
as la
ndsc
ape
arch
itect
san
din
dust
rial
des
igne
rs, a
nd f
inan
cial
,bu
ilder
and
build
ing
inst
itutio
ns a
ndor
gani
zatio
ns
as w
ell;
i.e.,
ato
tal d
istr
ibut
ion
of p
erha
ps
50,0
00 c
opie
s.b.
Bec
ause
of
budg
etlim
itatio
ns,
the
soun
d fi
lmst
rip
cont
ains
a la
rge
prop
ortio
n
of s
econ
d an
d th
ird
gene
ratio
nsl
ides
of
dubi
ous
qual
ity. F
urth
er, t
here
have
bee
n
a nu
mbe
r of
sugg
estio
ns r
egar
ding
the
scri
pt
and
back
grou
nd m
usic
. For
thes
e re
ason
s
it is
rec
omm
ende
d th
at a
new
soun
d fi
lm-
stri
p, b
ased
on
the
prot
otyp
e,bu
t ref
ined
cons
ider
ably
, be
prep
ared
and
giv
enw
ide
dist
ribu
tion
to a
rchi
tect
s an
d no
narc
hite
cts
alik
e. O
f th
e ed
ucat
iona
l too
lsde
velo
ped
by
this
task
for
ce, t
his
is th
e m
ost
prom
isin
gan
d ef
fect
ive
and
it is
fel
t eve
ryef
fort
sho
uld
be m
ade
to ta
ke a
dvan
tage
of
its f
ull p
o-te
ntia
l.
c. E
very
cha
pter
pres
iden
t now
has
a c
opy
of th
e sp
ecia
l edi
tion
of th
e Po
tom
acV
alle
y
Arc
hite
ct. T
he c
omm
ittee
fel
tth
at th
isw
ould
be
a go
od f
irst
ste
p in
the
effo
rt to
have
eve
ry c
hapt
er p
ut o
n its
ow
nm
eetin
g.It
is f
elt h
owev
er th
at s
uch
depe
nden
ce u
pon
loca
l ini
tiativ
e w
ould
pro
duce
une
ven
re-
sults
. It i
s re
com
men
ded
ther
efor
e,th
at a
prof
essi
onal
orga
niza
tion
orin
divi
dual
,ex
peri
ence
d in
the
way
s an
d m
eans
of
orga
nizi
ng s
uch
mee
tings
and
get
ting
the
best
adv
anta
ge f
rom
them
in a
ll re
gard
s,be
avai
labl
e to
ass
ist c
hapt
ers
upon
req
uest
.Su
ch e
xper
dse
coul
d be
nat
iona
l or
loca
lbu
t wou
ld n
orm
ally
be
beyo
nd th
e m
eans
of th
e av
erag
e ch
apte
r. I
t is
fund
ing
for
such
act
iviti
es th
at th
e ta
sk f
orce
rec
om-
men
ds f
or th
e co
nsid
erat
ion
of th
eN
atio
nal
Com
mis
sion
.T
he A
IA s
houl
d be
con
side
red
as th
eve
hicl
e
for
the
abov
e.2.
The
Nat
iona
l Com
mis
sion
sho
uld
enco
urag
ean
d re
com
men
d su
ppor
t of
:a.
A lo
ng-r
ange
pro
gram
of r
esea
rch
into
the
true
phy
sica
l cha
ract
eris
tics
of th
e po
p-ul
atio
n w
hich
con
stitu
tes
the
real
mar
ket
for
barr
ier-
free
arc
hite
ctur
e, a
nd a
pro
gram
for
diss
emin
atin
g su
ch in
form
atio
n,i.e
.,
dem
ogra
phic
dat
a hi
ghlig
htin
g th
ose
char
-ac
teri
stic
s w
hich
are
exp
ress
ive
of th
e to
tal
rang
e of
phy
sica
lim
pair
men
t as
rela
ted
toen
viro
nmen
t.b.
A lo
ng-r
ange
pro
gram
of
rese
arch
into
the
kind
of
barr
ier-
free
des
ign
feat
ures
whi
ch w
ill b
est p
rovi
de f
ull u
se a
nd e
njoy
-m
ent o
f th
e m
anm
ade
phys
ical
env
iron
-m
ent;
e.g.
,th
ede
sira
ble
perf
orm
ance
char
acte
rist
ics
ofsp
ace,
prod
ucts
,an
dco
mpo
nent
s.
Supp
ortin
g D
iscu
ssio
nT
he u
npre
cede
nted
am
ount
of
build
ing
and
rebu
ildin
g to
com
e in
the
deca
des
imm
edia
tely
ahea
drea
dily
pro
ject
able
as
bein
g eq
ual b
y th
een
d of
this
cen
tury
to th
e to
tal o
f al
l con
stru
ctio
nno
w in
pla
cepr
ovid
es a
nop
port
unity
to m
ake
maj
or n
ear-
term
inro
ads
on th
e ac
cess
ibili
ty a
ndus
eabi
lity
of th
e m
anm
ade
envi
ronm
ent a
nd it
sac
cess
orie
s to
all
peop
le.
Nei
ther
the
cost
nor
the
mea
ns a
re th
e re
alde
terr
ents
to r
ealiz
atio
n of
suc
h a
sign
ific
ant t
ran-
sitio
nlac
k of
und
erst
andi
ng is
.T
he c
omm
ittee
mad
e ev
ery
effo
rt to
obj
ectiv
e-ly
ass
ess
the
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
and
clim
ate
for
barr
ier-
free
arc
hite
ctur
e be
fore
dec
idin
g up
onth
e be
st p
hilo
soph
ical
app
roac
h to
ach
ievi
ngpo
sitiv
e de
cisi
ons
for
barr
ier-
free
arc
hite
ctur
e,an
d be
fore
dev
isin
g in
stru
ctio
nal a
nd r
efer
ence
mat
eria
ls.
Con
clus
ions
:
Spec
ific
ally
, the
com
mitt
ee's
con
clus
ions
are
supp
orte
d by
the
surv
ey f
indi
ngs
as f
ollo
ws:
1. T
here
is g
ood
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
the
con-
cept
and
des
irab
ility
of
barr
ier-
free
arc
hite
ctur
eby
arc
hite
cts,
but
not
by
thei
r cl
ient
s or
oth
erm
embe
rs o
f th
e bu
ildin
g co
mm
unity
.A
rchi
tect
s an
d ar
chite
ctur
al e
duca
tors
are
awar
e of
the
conc
ept a
nd d
esir
abili
ty o
fba
rrie
r-fr
ee d
esig
n. T
his
is d
emon
stra
ted
by th
eir
use
ofso
me,
if n
ot m
any,
bar
rier
-fre
e de
sign
con
cept
san
d fe
atur
es. T
he G
erso
n su
rvey
rep
orts
24
of 3
4ar
chite
cts
and
arch
itect
ural
edu
cato
rs h
ave
in-
corp
orat
ed a
t lea
st s
ome
of th
e ne
w b
arri
er-f
ree
desi
gn c
once
pts
and
feat
ures
in th
eir
build
ings
(or
into
bui
ldin
g de
sign
pro
blem
s fo
r st
uden
ts).
a
The
ir u
nder
stan
ding
and
use
of th
ese
conc
epts
and
feat
ures
der
ives
prim
arily
fro
mex
peri
ence
with
a k
now
ledg
e of
publ
ic b
uild
ing
prog
ram
s.
Vir
tual
ly a
ll of
the
arch
itect
s an
d ed
ucat
ors
surv
eyed
dis
agre
edw
ith th
e st
atem
entw
hich
in-
dica
ted
that
".
..
gene
rally
, the
re is
no
real
need
for
bar
rier
-fre
ear
chite
ctur
e."
Mos
t of
thos
e
in th
e pr
ofes
sion
al g
roup
belie
ved
that
at l
east
publ
ic b
uild
ings
shou
ld b
e re
adily
acce
ssib
le to
all
peop
le, o
r th
at th
ere
was
need
to s
erve
thos
e
hand
icap
ped.
Bot
h th
eai
ent a
nd f
inan
cial
gro
ups
inte
r-
view
ed o
n th
e ot
her
hand
, kne
w a
nd/o
rca
red
little
abo
ut b
arri
er-f
ree
desi
gn. O
nly
five
of
twen
ty in
this
cat
egor
yha
d oc
casi
on to
inco
rpo-
rate
bar
rier
-fre
ede
sign
con
cept
s or
feat
ures
in
thei
r pr
ogra
ms.
Whe
n ba
rrie
r-fr
eede
sign
con
-
cept
s or
fea
ture
s w
ere
inco
rpor
ated
, it w
as d
ue
prin
cipa
lly to
spe
cifi
catio
ns o
rre
quir
emen
ts p
re-
scri
bed
by g
over
nmen
tbui
ldin
g re
gula
tions
.Non
e
of th
e cl
ient
s sa
w a
nyre
al n
eed
for
barr
ier-
free
desi
gn.
2. T
here
is li
ttle
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
the
true
phys
ical
cha
ract
eris
tics
of th
e po
pula
tion
by a
ll
mem
bers
of
the
build
ing
com
mun
ity.
The
re a
re tw
o di
stin
ctat
titud
es to
war
d ba
r-
rier
-fre
e ar
chite
ctur
ehe
ld b
y th
ose
mos
tcl
osel
y
rela
ted
to d
esig
ning
and
initi
atin
g th
eN
atio
n's
build
ing
activ
ity. T
hese
are
:1.
A p
erso
n m
ustf
ind
it im
poss
ible
, not
mer
ely
diff
icul
t, to
use
exis
ting
build
ings
befo
re h
e is
cons
ider
ed to
be
hand
icap
ped.
2. T
here
are
sim
ply
not
enou
gh h
andi
capp
ed
peop
le to
war
rant
the
inst
alla
tion
of b
arri
er-f
ree
desi
gn c
once
pts
and
feat
ures
.T
he g
ener
al v
iew
of
hand
icap
s or
infi
rmiti
es
by a
rchi
tect
s, e
duca
tors
and
clie
nts,
are
thos
eha
ving
hig
h vi
sibi
lity.
The
whe
elch
air,
lost
lim
b,
the
blin
d, r
epre
sent
thos
ein
firm
ities
ran
king
hig
h
in th
e co
nsci
ousn
ess
ofth
e bu
ildin
g pr
ofes
sion
al.
Pers
ons
havi
ng h
eart
dis
ease
or
ane
rvou
s di
s-
orde
r, o
r th
ose
who
sim
ply
are
of a
dvan
ced
age
are
only
rar
ely
cons
ider
ed to
be
amon
g th
ose
who
wou
ld b
enef
it fr
omba
rrie
r-fr
ee d
esig
n.
It is
impo
rtan
t to
note
,ho
wev
er, t
hat i
ndic
a-
tions
are
that
whe
re p
erso
nspo
sses
sing
any
for
m
of h
andi
cap
or in
firm
ityre
ach
an a
bove
ave
rage
prop
ortio
n of
the
popu
latio
n, o
r ar
eth
e su
bjec
t
of s
igni
fica
nt c
omm
unity
inte
rest
, bar
rier
-fre
e de
-
sign
is in
corp
orat
edin
to b
uild
ing
prog
ram
s.T
he
Tam
pa-S
t. Pe
ters
burg
are
ais
not
ed f
or it
s ge
n-
eral
ly o
lder
/ret
irem
ent
popu
latio
n, a
nd in
this
area
ther
eis
a h
ighe
r pe
rcen
tage
of b
arri
er-f
ree
build
ings
than
usu
al.
To
furt
her
indi
cate
the
lack
of
awar
enes
s,
amon
gbu
ildin
g pr
ofes
sion
als,
abou
t a q
uart
er o
f
thos
e re
spon
ding
toth
e su
rvey
wou
ld n
ot e
ven
vent
ure
a gu
ess
as to
the
perc
enta
ge o
fha
ndi-
capp
ed in
the
popu
latio
n.3.
The
re is
gre
atne
ed f
or c
onci
sein
stru
ctio
nal
and
refe
renc
em
ater
ials
prin
cipa
lly a
gui
de to
desi
gnad
dres
sed
to a
rchi
tect
s.T
he s
urve
y re
quir
edal
l bui
ldin
g in
dust
ry r
e-
spon
dent
s to
foc
us o
n.m
ajor
pro
blem
sin
hibi
ting
the
deve
lopm
ent o
fto
tal b
arri
er-f
ree
desi
gn. O
f
thre
e m
ajor
pro
blem
sci
ted,
two
rela
ted
tola
ck
of k
now
ledg
e as
tow
hat a
nd h
ow to
des
ign
bar-
rier
-fre
e bu
ildin
gs.
Lac
k of
kno
wle
dge
inhe
rent
ly r
equi
res
educ
a-
tion,
and
the
resp
onde
nts
reco
gniz
e th
is r
equi
re-
men
t. W
hen
quer
ied
abou
t how
arch
itect
s an
d
clie
nts
coul
d be
stac
quir
e th
is e
duca
tion,
alm
ost
all a
gree
d th
atdi
ssem
inat
ion
of in
form
atio
nth
roug
h pa
mph
lets
and
tech
nica
l pre
sent
atio
ns
wou
ld b
e th
e be
stap
proa
ch. G
ener
ally
,se
mi-
nars
ran
ked
thir
d in
term
s of
effe
ctiv
enes
s in
pro
-
vidi
ng th
e bu
ildin
gpr
ofes
sion
al w
ith in
form
atio
n.
4. T
here
is g
reat
need
for
enc
oura
ging
clie
nt
acce
ptan
ce o
fba
rrie
r-fr
ee d
esig
n, b
oth
as a
mat
ter
of p
ublic
resp
onsi
bilit
y an
d as
ase
rvic
e
to th
e re
alm
arke
t, th
roug
hde
velo
pmen
t of
a
clim
ate
of c
once
rn a
ndun
ders
tand
ing.
A m
ajor
pro
blem
, as
view
ed b
y cl
ient
s in
ter-
view
ed, i
s th
e ge
nera
lla
ck o
f de
man
d in
the
priv
ate
mar
ketp
lace
for
barr
ier-
free
des
ign.
Mos
t
clie
nts
seri
ousl
y do
ubt a
nyde
man
d fo
r ba
rrie
r-
free
des
ign
can
bede
mon
stra
ted.
Clie
nts,
at p
res-
ent,
pay
little
heed
to w
hat m
ight
be
desc
ribe
d
as th
eir
publ
icre
spon
sibi
lity
to p
rovi
deba
rrie
r-
free
fac
ilitie
s, p
artic
ular
lyif
it s
erve
s on
ly a
few
peop
le. T
he v
ast m
ajor
ityha
ve n
ot b
uilt
with
the
hand
icap
ped
in m
ind,
unle
ss it
ser
ved
thei
r
self
-int
eres
t or
unle
ss it
was
requ
ired
by
law
.
The
arc
hite
ct a
ppea
rs to
be th
e lo
gica
l per
son
to s
ugge
st th
ein
clus
ion
of b
arri
er-f
ree
desi
gn
feat
ures
to h
is c
lient
s. H
owev
er, a
tle
ast i
n pa
rt,
the
arch
itect
's e
ffor
ts h
ave
min
imal
eff
ect d
ue
to th
e la
ck o
fun
ders
tand
ing
and
initi
ativ
e on
the
part
of
the
clie
nt.
Dis
cuss
ion
of R
ecom
men
datio
ns:
In m
akin
g its
rec
omm
enda
tions
,th
e co
mm
ittee
has
cons
ider
ed b
oth
imm
edia
tean
d lo
ng-r
ange
need
s. B
y re
com
men
ding
rese
arch
into
pop
ulat
ion
char
acte
rist
ics
as r
elat
ed to
envi
ronm
ent,
it is
inte
nded
that
it w
ill b
epo
ssib
le in
the
futu
re to
publ
ish
data
on
phys
ical
char
acte
rist
ics
by n
um-
bers
of
indi
vidu
als
and
thei
r m
icro
- an
d m
acro
-
geog
raph
ic d
igri
butio
n.In
so
doin
g al
l arc
hite
ctur
alde
sign
will
be
impr
oved
, but
, in
part
icul
ar,
both
mar
ket a
ndpu
blic
res
pons
ibili
ty w
ill b
ede
mon
stra
tabl
e fo
r
that
app
aren
tly in
crea
sing
par
tof
the
popu
latio
nw
hich
mus
t liv
e w
ith p
hysi
cal
impa
irm
ents
.T
hese
dat
a w
ill a
lso
aid
in th
e es
tabl
ishm
ent
of im
prov
ed p
erfo
rman
cech
arac
teri
stic
s fo
r th
e
desi
gn o
f sp
ace,
pro
duct
san
d co
mpo
nent
s, a
ndth
e w
hole
of
build
ings
.T
he s
urve
y re
veal
ed th
atth
e gu
ide
to d
esig
nw
ould
per
haps
be
the
mos
tsi
gnif
ican
t ins
truc
-
tiona
l aid
, fol
low
ed b
yco
nfer
ence
pre
sent
atio
ns.
The
com
mitt
ee, t
here
fore
,ha
s (o
r w
ill h
ave)
expe
rim
ente
d w
ith b
oth
med
iaan
d ha
s re
com
-m
ende
d sp
ecif
ic a
ctio
n.In
con
clus
ion,
the
com
mitt
eefe
els
that
a c
on-
cert
ed n
ear-
term
eff
ort t
o cr
eate
an
awar
enes
sof
the
need
and
the
mat
eria
ls to
tran
slat
e aw
are-
ness
into
deci
sion
s fo
r ba
rrie
r-fr
eear
chite
ctur
e,
will
be
effe
ctiv
e. A
nd, i
ffo
llow
ed b
y im
prov
ed
data
and
per
form
ance
crite
ria
in th
e ye
ars
toco
me,
the
vast
am
ount
of n
ew b
uild
ing
and
re-
build
ing
activ
ity w
hich
lies
ahea
d w
ill p
rodu
ce
an e
nvir
onm
ent
that
can
be
enjo
yed
byal
l our
citiz
ens.
NA
TIO
NA
L S
OC
IET
Y F
OR
CR
IPPL
ED
CH
ILD
RE
N A
ND
AD
UL
TS
A C
heck
list o
fPu
blic
atio
ns R
elat
ing
toA
rchi
tect
ural
Pla
nnin
gfo
r th
e Ph
ysic
ally
Han
dica
pped
The
pub
licat
ions
giv
en b
elow
are
bel
ieve
d to
be
in p
rint
and
ava
ilabl
efr
om th
e di
stri
butin
g ag
enci
es, w
hose
add
ress
es a
rein
clud
ed in
the
refe
r-
ence
s. T
hese
hav
ebe
en s
elec
ted
beca
use
of th
eir
rela
tive
acce
ssib
ility
and
thei
r po
ssib
le u
sefu
lnes
s to
thos
e w
ho a
re in
itiat
ing
a st
udy
of th
e su
bjec
t.Fo
r a
mor
e sy
stem
atic
rev
iew
of
publ
ishe
d lit
erat
ure,
incl
udin
gjo
urna
lar
ticle
s, th
e re
ader
is r
efer
red
toR
ehab
ilita
tion
Lite
ratu
re, t
he m
onth
lyjo
urna
l pub
lishe
d by
the
Lib
rary
of th
e N
atio
nal S
ocie
ty f
or C
ripp
led
Chi
ldre
n an
d A
dults
.
GE
NE
RA
LA
ME
RIC
AN
ST
AN
DA
RD
SIN
STIT
UT
EA
mer
ican
Sta
ndar
d sp
ecif
icat
ions
for
mak
ing
build
ings
and
fac
ilitie
s ac
cess
i-bl
e to
, and
usa
ble
by, t
he p
hysi
cally
hand
icap
ped.
196
1. 1
1 p.
fig
s. S
ingl
eco
pies
fre
e fr
om th
e A
rchi
tect
ural
Bar
-ri
ers
Proj
ect,
Nat
iona
l Soc
iety
for
Cri
pple
d C
hild
ren
and
Adu
lts, 2
023
Wes
t Ogd
en A
ve.,
Chi
cago
, Ill.
CA
NA
DA
. NA
TIO
NA
L R
ESE
AR
CH
CO
UN
CIL
Bui
ldin
g st
anda
rds
for
the
hand
i-ca
pped
, 196
5, b
y th
e A
ssoc
iate
Com
-m
ittee
onth
eN
atio
nal
Bui
ldin
gC
ode.
196
5. 2
0 p.
figs
. (N
RC
No.
8333
; Sup
pl. N
o. 7
, Nat
l. B
uild
ing
Cod
e of
Can
ada)
Ava
ilabl
e fr
om: T
heSe
cret
ary,
Ass
ocia
te C
omm
ittee
on
the
Nat
iona
l Bui
ldin
g C
ode,
Nat
iona
l Re-
sear
ch C
ounc
il, O
ttaw
a, C
anad
a.A
gui
de to
the
desi
gn a
nd c
onst
ruc-
tion
of b
uild
ings
with
pro
visi
ons
for
mak
ing
them
acc
essi
ble
to th
e ph
ys-
ical
ly h
andi
capp
ed w
ithou
t ass
ista
nce.
NA
TIO
NA
L S
TE
EL
PR
OD
IWIT
SC
OM
PAN
YB
athr
oom
layo
uts
for
hosp
itals
,ho
mes
for
the
aged
, and
rel
ated
inst
i-tu
tions
, com
pile
d by
Rie
ner
C. N
iels
enan
d G
ene
E. M
offa
tt. 1
962.
35
p. il
lus.
Off
ered
to a
ll ar
chite
cts
as a
pub
licse
rvic
e by
Nat
iona
l Ste
el P
rodu
cts
Co.
,61
7 So
uth
La
Bre
a A
ve.,
Los
Ang
eles
,C
alif
.
APP
EN
DIX
VI
Als
oav
aila
ble:
Bod
ym
echa
nics
man
ual f
or th
e gu
idan
ce o
f ar
chite
cts,
hosp
ital a
dmin
istr
ator
s, d
octo
rs, n
urse
s,an
d th
erap
ists
in th
e pl
acem
ent a
ndus
e of
Rea
ch G
rab
Bar
s fo
r pa
tient
man
euve
rabi
lity
and
supp
ort.
1962
. 84
p.ill
us. C
onta
ins
desi
gns,
dra
win
gs,
and
desc
ript
ive
text
.
RE
HA
BIL
ITA
TIO
NFA
CIL
ITIE
SA
LL
AN
, W. S
CO
TT
Reh
abili
tatio
n; a
com
mun
ity c
hal-
leng
e. 1
958.
247
p. I
llus.
Joh
n W
iley
&So
ns, 6
05 T
hird
Ave
., N
ew Y
ork,
N.Y
.10
016.
See
chap
ter
8, "
The
Reh
abili
tatio
nC
ente
r,"
p. 4
5-66
.
AM
ER
ICA
N H
OSP
ITA
L A
SSO
CIA
-T
ION
Phys
ical
ther
apy
serv
ice;
a g
uide
toor
gani
satio
n an
d m
anag
emen
t. 19
65.
48 p
. tab
., fo
rm, f
loor
pla
ns. (
Rev
. ed.
)A
mer
ican
Hos
pita
l Ass
ocia
tion,
840
Nor
th L
ake
Shor
e D
r., C
hica
go, I
ll.60
611.
AM
ER
ICA
N O
CC
UPA
TIO
NA
LT
HE
RA
PY A
SSO
CIA
TIO
NO
ccup
atio
nal t
hera
py; m
anua
l on
adm
inis
trat
ion.
1965
. 97
p.Pa
per-
boun
d. S
pira
l bin
ding
. Am
eric
an O
c-cu
patio
nal T
hera
py A
ssoc
iatio
n, 2
51Pa
rk A
ve. S
., N
ew Y
ork,
N.Y
. 100
10.
Incl
udes
guid
elin
eson
plan
ning
phys
ical
fac
ilitie
s; th
e bi
blio
grap
hies
and
lists
of
pert
inen
t mat
eria
ls s
houl
dbe
use
ful a
s a
reso
urce
for
fur
ther
stud
y. The
reh
abili
tatio
n ce
nter
. 195
6. 3
5p.
illu
s.,
floo
r pl
ans.
Pub
lishe
d by
the
Reh
abili
tatio
n In
stitu
te o
f M
ontr
eal
and
avai
labl
e fr
om I
nter
natio
nal S
o-ci
ety
for
Reh
abili
tatio
n of
the
Dis
able
d,21
9 E
ast 4
4th
St.,
New
Yor
k, N
.Y.
1001
7.Pi
ctur
es, d
iagr
ams,
and
des
crip
tions
show
ing
the
func
tion
and
cons
truc
tion
of a
mod
ern
reha
bilit
atio
n ce
nter
, with
data
on
adm
inis
trat
ive
and
pers
onne
las
pect
s of
ope
ratio
n.
SAL
MO
N, F
. CU
TH
BE
RT
The
blin
d; s
pace
nee
ds f
or r
ehab
ili-
tatio
n, b
y F.
Cut
hber
t Sal
mon
and
Chr
istin
e F.
Sal
mon
. 196
4. 8
2 p.
dia
gs.,
floo
r pl
ans,
cha
rts.
Pap
erbo
und.
Spi
ral
bind
ing.
Off
ice
of E
ngin
eeri
ng R
e-se
arch
, Okl
ahom
a St
ate
Uni
vers
ity,
Still
wat
er, O
kla.
740
75.
A g
uide
to th
e de
sign
ing
of r
ehab
ili-
tatio
n ce
nter
s se
rvin
g th
e bl
ind
and
part
ially
sig
hted
, bas
ed o
nob
serv
atio
nsm
ade
by th
e pr
ojec
t sta
ff in
vis
its to
14
cent
ers
and
inst
itutio
ns.
SAL
MO
N,
F.C
UT
HB
ER
T, a
ndC
HR
IST
INE
F. S
AL
MO
NR
ehab
ilita
tion
cent
er p
lann
ing;
an
arch
itect
ural
gui
de. 1
959.
192
p. i
llus.
,fi
gs.,
floo
r pl
ans.
Pen
nsyl
vani
aSt
ate
Uni
vers
ityPr
ess,
Uni
vers
ityPr
ess
Bld
g., U
nive
rsity
Par
k, P
a.16
802.
SAL
MO
N, F
. CU
TH
BE
RT
Shel
tere
d w
orks
hops
; an
arch
itec-
tura
l gui
de, b
y F.
Cut
hber
t Sal
mon
and
Chr
istin
e F.
Sal
mon
. 196
6. 1
33 p
. illu
s.,
char
ts, d
iags
., fl
oor
plan
s. P
aper
boun
d.O
ffic
e of
Eng
inee
ring
Res
earc
h, O
kla-
hom
aSt
ate
Uni
vers
ity,
Still
wat
er,
Okl
a. 7
4075
.D
escr
ibes
the
role
of
the
shel
tere
dw
orks
hop
in th
e co
mm
unity
and
pro
-vi
des
prog
ram
ing
and
plan
ning
info
r-m
atio
n sp
ecif
ic to
this
type
of
build
ing.
UN
ITE
DN
AT
ION
S.D
EPA
RT
-M
EN
T O
F E
CO
NO
MIC
AN
DSO
CIA
L A
FFA
IRS
Bas
ic e
quip
men
t for
reh
abili
tatio
nce
nter
s: P
art I
. Art
ific
ial l
imbs
and
brac
es.
1962
.22
p.fl
oor
plan
s.(S
T/S
OA
/47)
.C
over
s fl
oor
plan
s an
d eq
uipm
ent f
orth
e op
erat
ion
of w
orks
hops
for
art
ific
ial
limbs
and
bra
ces;
flo
or p
lans
wer
e co
n-
trib
uted
by
the
Inst
itute
of
Phys
ical
Med
icin
e an
d R
ehab
ilita
tion.
Als
o av
aila
ble:
Part
II.
Phy
sica
lth
erap
y.19
62.
20p.
floo
rpl
ans.
(ST
/SO
A/4
8). C
over
s bu
ildin
g re
-qu
irem
ents
, arc
hite
ctur
al p
lann
ing,
and
basi
c eq
uipm
ent;
2 fl
oor
plan
s ar
ein
clud
ed.
Part
III.
Occ
upat
iona
lth
erap
y.19
64. 3
3 p.
flo
or p
lans
. (ST
/SO
A/5
5).
Con
tain
s su
gges
tions
on
plan
nir4
spa
cean
d eq
uipm
ent f
or o
ccup
atio
nal t
her-
apy
depa
rtm
ents
; sam
ple
floo
r pl
ans
ofde
part
men
ts in
fiv
e di
ffer
ent c
ount
ries
are
incl
uded
.A
ll m
ay b
e ob
tain
ed f
rom
the
Re-
habi
litat
ion
Uni
t,U
nite
dN
atio
ns,
Uni
ted
Nat
ions
Bld
g., N
ew Y
ork,
N.Y
.
U.S
. PU
BL
IC H
EA
LT
H S
ER
VIC
E.
DIV
ISIO
NO
FH
OSP
ITA
LA
ND
ME
DIC
AL
FA
CIL
ITIE
SC
ompi
latio
n of
stu
dies
on
plan
ning
mul
tiple
dis
abili
ty r
ehab
ilita
tion
faci
li-tie
s.19
63. 4
8 p.
illus
.,fl
oor
plan
s.(P
ublic
Hea
lth S
erv.
pub
l. N
o.93
0D
-6)
U.S
. Sup
erin
tend
ent o
f D
ocu-
men
ts, G
over
nmen
t Pri
ntin
gO
ffic
e,W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C. 2
0402
. 350
.A
dapt
atio
ns o
far
ticle
spu
blis
hed
earl
ier
in H
ospi
tals
, Jou
rnal
of
the
Am
eric
an H
ospi
tal A
ssoc
iatio
n. T
his
com
pila
tion
appe
ared
p r
e vi
ousl
y(1
960)
as
an u
nnum
bere
d pu
blic
atio
nun
der
the
sam
e tit
le; t
he b
iblio
grap
hyha
s be
en b
roug
ht u
p to
dat
e in
this
prin
ting.
WA
SHIN
GT
ON
ST
AT
E D
EPA
RT
-M
EN
T O
F H
EA
LT
HG
uide
to p
lann
ing
and
equi
ppin
ga
hand
icra
ft f
acili
tyfo
r a
nurs
ing
hom
e ac
tivity
pro
gram
; pre
pare
d by
Eve
lyn
M. B
engs
on. 1
964.
vi,
88 p
.di
ags.
, flo
or p
lans
. Pap
erbo
und.
Spi
ral
bind
ing.
Was
hing
ton
Stat
e D
ept.
ofH
ealth
, Pub
lic H
ealth
Bld
g., O
lym
pia,
Was
h. 9
8501
. (A
ddre
ss o
rder
s to
: Mrs
.V
era
H. M
cCor
d, C
oord
inat
or, R
eha-
bilit
atio
nE
duca
tion
Serv
ice
Uni
t,W
ashi
ngto
n St
ate
Dep
t. of
Hea
lth.
e- HO
USI
NG
AM
ER
ICA
N H
EA
RT
ASS
OC
IA-
TIO
NT
he h
eart
of
the
hom
e. 1
950.
27
p.ill
us. A
vaila
ble
from
loca
l Hea
rt A
sso-
ciat
ions
or
the
Am
eric
an H
eart
Ass
o-ci
atio
n, 4
4 E
ast 2
3d S
t., N
ew Y
ork,
N.Y
. 100
10.
CE
NT
RA
LC
OM
MIT
TE
EFO
RT
HE
WE
LFA
RE
OF
CR
IPPL
ES
IN S
WE
DE
N (
SVC
K)
The
phy
sica
lly h
andi
capp
ed h
ouse
-w
ife.
195
9. 6
8 p.
illu
s. (
SVC
K's
pub
l.se
r. N
o. 6
) Pu
blis
hed
by S
VC
K a
nddi
stri
bute
d in
the
U.S
. by
Inte
rnat
iona
lSo
ciet
y fo
r R
ehab
ilita
tion
of th
e D
is-
able
d, 2
19 E
ast 4
4th
St.,
New
Yor
k,N
.Y. 1
0017
.
CO
NN
EC
TIC
UT
, UN
IVE
RSI
TY
OF
SCH
OO
L O
F H
OM
E E
CO
-N
OM
ICS
Bib
liogr
aphy
on
hom
e m
anag
emen
t,w
ith e
mph
asis
on
wor
k si
mpl
ific
atio
nfo
rha
ndic
appe
dho
mem
aker
s,pr
e-pa
red
by M
ary
C. C
alkn
der
and
Susa
nPi
ke C
orco
ran
unde
r th
e di
rect
ion
ofM
ary
Bet
h M
inde
n. 1
960.
86
p. M
imeo
.Pa
perb
ound
.H
andi
capp
edH
ome-
mak
er R
esea
rch
Cen
ter,
Uni
vers
ity o
fC
onne
ctic
ut, S
torr
s, C
onn.
062
68.
DO
NA
HU
E, W
ILM
A, E
D.
Hou
sing
the
agin
g; w
ith a
for
ewor
dby
Eve
rett
J. S
oop.
195
4. 2
80 p
. Uni
-ve
rsity
of
Mic
higa
n Pr
ess,
Ann
Arb
or,
Mic
h. 4
8106
.
GO
LD
SMIT
H, S
EL
WY
ND
esig
ning
for
the
disa
bled
; a m
anua
lof
tech
nica
l inf
orm
atio
n. 1
963.
236
p.
49
diag
s. P
ublis
hed
by th
e R
oyal
Ins
titut
eof
Bri
tish
Arc
hite
cts,
Tec
hnic
al I
nfor
-m
atio
n Se
rvic
e, a
nd a
vaila
ble
in th
eU
.S. f
rom
Int
erna
tiona
l Soc
iety
for
Re-
habi
litat
ion
of th
e D
isab
led,
219
Eas
t44
th S
t., N
ew Y
ork,
N.Y
. 100
17.
A b
asic
ref
eren
ce b
ook
for
arch
i-te
cts
and
desi
gner
s, p
roba
bly
the
mos
tel
abor
ate
trea
tmen
t of
the
subj
ect p
ub-
lishe
d to
dat
e. M
ajor
em
phas
is is
on
prob
lem
s in
the
hom
e. T
he g
ener
alch
eck
list i
s va
luab
le in
pla
nnin
g ho
us-
ing
alte
ratio
ns, t
o ac
com
mod
ate
a di
s-ab
led
pers
on.
ILL
INO
IS,
UN
IVE
RSI
TY
OF
SMA
LL
HO
ME
S C
OU
NC
ILA
che
ck-l
ist f
or r
etir
emen
t hom
es, b
y
50
H.A
. Ste
inbe
rg. 1
958.
12
p. il
lus.
Sm
all
Hom
es C
ounc
il, U
nive
rsity
of
Illin
ois,
Urb
ana,
Ill.
618
03.
INT
ER
NA
TIO
NA
L S
OC
IET
Y F
OR
RE
HA
BIL
ITA
TIO
N O
F T
HE
DIS
AB
LE
DIS
RD
Con
fere
nces
: "T
he p
hysi
cally
disa
bled
and
thei
ren
viro
nmen
t,"St
ockh
olm
, Oct
. 12-
18, 1
961;
rep
ort
of th
e pr
ocee
ding
s. 1
962.
208
p. i
llus.
,fl
oor
plan
s,ta
bs.
Pape
rbou
nd. D
is-
trib
uted
by
Inte
rnat
iona
l Soc
iety
for
Reh
abili
tatio
n of
the
Dis
able
d, 2
19E
ast 4
4th
St.,
New
Yor
k, N
.Y. 1
0017
.
(Als
o av
aila
ble
from
ISR
D T
echn
ical
Sect
ion,
c/o
SV
CK
, Ibs
enga
tan
8-14
.B
rom
ma
3, S
wed
en.)
Con
tain
s co
nfer
ence
dis
cuss
ions
on
arch
itect
ural
pla
nnin
g of
hom
es f
or th
edi
sabl
ed, h
omem
akin
g m
etho
ds, a
ndte
chni
cal a
ids
in la
unde
ring
, coo
king
,an
d cl
othe
s an
d th
eir
care
, with
ad-
ditio
nal i
nfor
mat
ion
in a
ppen
dice
s on
hous
e de
sign
and
fin
anci
ng o
f ho
usin
g.
KIR
A, A
LE
XA
ND
ER
The
bat
hroo
m; c
rite
ria
for
desi
gn.
1966
. ix,
116
p. f
igs.
, tab
s. P
aper
boun
d.(C
ente
r fo
r H
ousi
ng a
nd E
nvir
on-
men
tal S
tudi
es, R
esea
rch
rep.
No.
7)
Cor
nell
Uni
vers
ity, C
ente
r fo
r H
ousi
ngan
d E
nvir
onm
enta
lSt
udie
s,It
haca
,N
.Y. 1
4850
.
KIR
A, A
LE
XA
ND
ER
Hou
sing
nee
ds o
f th
e ag
ed, w
ith a
guid
e to
fun
ctio
nal p
lann
ing
for
the
elde
rly
and
hand
icap
ped.
196
0. 9
p.
(Rep
rint
fro
m:
Reh
ab.
Lit.
,D
ec.
1960
) N
atio
nal S
ocie
ty f
or C
ripp
led
Chi
ldre
n an
d A
dults
, 202
3 W
est O
gden
Ave
., C
hica
go,
Ill.
6061
2. F
ree
onre
ques
t.D
iscu
sses
type
s of
hou
sing
nee
ded
and
incl
udes
des
ign
and
plan
ning
cri
-te
ria
for
hous
ing
for
the
aged
.
LA
GIN
G, B
AR
BA
RA
Furn
iture
des
ign
for
the
elde
rly.
1966
. 11
p.(R
epri
nt f
rom
: Reh
ab.
Lit.
, May
, 196
6) N
atio
nal S
ocie
ty f
orC
ripp
led
Chi
ldre
n an
d A
dults
,20
23W
est O
gden
Ave
., C
hica
go, I
ll. 6
0612
.(R
epri
nt D
R-3
6)
LO
WM
AN
, ED
WA
RD
W.
The
hel
ping
han
d; s
elf-
help
dev
ices
,by
Edw
ard
W. L
owm
an a
nd H
owar
dA
. Rus
k. (
1963
) 18
p. i
llus.
Ins
titut
eof
Reh
abili
tatio
n M
edic
ine,
400
Eas
t34
th S
t., N
ew Y
ork,
N.Y
. 100
16.
McC
UL
LO
UG
H, H
EL
EN
E.
Kitc
hens
for
Wom
en in
Whe
elch
airs
,
by H
elen
E. M
cCul
loug
h an
d M
ary
B.
Farn
ham
. 196
1. 3
1 p.
illu
s.,
plan
s.(E
xten
sion
Ser
v. in
Agr
icul
ture
and
Hom
e E
cono
mic
s, c
irc.
No.
841
)A
lso
by th
e sa
me
auth
ors
: Spa
ce a
ndde
sign
requ
irem
ents
for
whe
elch
air
kitc
hens
. 196
0. 4
7 p.
illu
s., t
abs.
, flo
orpl
ans.
(B
ull.
661)
. Bot
h bu
lletin
s ar
eav
aila
ble
on r
eque
st to
Inf
orm
atio
nO
ffic
e, C
olle
ge o
f A
gric
ultu
re, M
um-
ford
Hal
l, U
nive
rsity
of
Illin
ois,
Ur-
bana
, IlL
618
03.
MA
TH
IASE
N, G
EN
EV
A A
ND
ED
WA
RD
H. N
OA
KE
SPl
anni
ng h
omes
for
the
aged
. 195
9.11
3 p.
arc
hite
ctur
al d
raw
ings
. Pub
-lis
hed
by F
. W. D
odge
Cor
p., a
ndav
aila
ble
from
McG
raw
-Hill
Boo
k C
o.,
330
Wes
t 42d
St.,
New
Yor
k, N
.Y.
1003
6, o
r fr
om N
atio
nal C
ounc
il on
the
Agi
ng, P
ublic
atio
ns O
ffic
e,10
4E
ast 2
5th
St.,
New
Yor
k, N
.Y. 1
0010
.
MA
Y, E
LIZ
AB
ET
H E
CK
HA
RD
TH
omem
akin
g fo
r th
e ha
ndic
appe
d;a
reso
urce
boo
k in
hom
e m
anag
emen
tfo
r th
e ph
ysic
ally
han
dica
pped
and
thei
r fa
mili
es a
nd f
or p
rofe
ssio
nal p
er-
sonn
el c
once
rned
with
reh
abili
tatio
n,by
Eliz
abet
h E
ckha
rdt M
ay,
Nev
a R
.W
aggo
ner,
and
Ele
anor
M. B
oettk
e.19
66. x
v, 2
06 p
. illu
s., d
iags
. Dod
d,M
ead
& C
o., 7
9 M
adis
on A
ve.,
New
Yor
k, N
.Y. 1
0016
.
MU
SSO
N, N
OV
ER
RE
Bui
ldin
gs f
or th
e el
derl
y, b
y N
ov-
erre
Mus
son
and
Hel
enH
eusi
nkve
ld.
1963
. 216
p.
illus
.,pl
ans.
Rei
nhol
dPu
blis
hing
Cor
p., 4
30 P
ark
Ave
., N
ewY
ork,
N.Y
. 100
22. $
15.
Aut
hore
d by
an
arch
itect
and
am
embe
r of
the
Nat
iona
l Cou
ncil
onth
e A
ging
, thi
s bo
ok is
wri
tten
mai
nly
for
arch
itect
s an
d bu
ilder
s, la
ymen
,an
d co
mm
unity
lead
ers
inte
rest
ed in
prov
idin
g ad
equa
te, s
atis
fyin
g ho
usin
gfo
rol
der
peop
le, a
nd th
eel
derl
ypl
anni
ng to
bui
ld o
r re
settl
e.
NA
TIO
NA
L C
OU
NC
IL O
NT
HE
AG
ING
A n
atio
nal d
irec
tory
on
hous
ing
for
olde
r pe
ople
, inc
ludi
ng a
gui
de f
orse
lect
ion.
1965
. 260
p. P
aper
boun
d.N
atio
nal C
ounc
il on
the
Agi
ng, P
ubli-
catio
ns O
ffic
e, 1
04 E
ast 2
5th
St.,
New
Yor
k, N
.Y. 1
0010
.
NE
TH
ER
LA
ND
S C
EN
TR
AL
SO
-C
IET
Y F
OR
TH
E C
AR
E O
FD
ISA
BL
ED
Hou
sing
for
the
disa
bled
. 196
0. 4
6 p.
illus
.,fi
gs. P
ublis
hed
by th
e N
ethe
r-la
nds
Cen
tral
Soc
iety
and
ava
ilabl
e in
an E
nglis
h tr
ansl
atio
n fr
om I
nter
na-
tiona
l Soc
iety
for
Reh
abili
tatio
n of
the
Dis
able
d, 2
19 E
ast 4
4th
Stre
et,
New
Yor
k, N
.Y. 1
0017
.
N E
WY
OR
KU
NIV
ER
SIT
YM
ED
ICA
L C
EN
TE
R. I
nstit
ute
ofPh
ysic
al M
edic
ine
and
Reh
abili
tatio
nA
fun
ctio
nal h
ome
for
easi
er li
ving
,de
sign
ed f
or th
e ph
ysic
ally
dis
able
d th
eca
rdia
c, a
nd th
e el
derl
y, b
y H
owar
d A
.R
usk
(and
oth
ers)
. 195
9. 1
2 p.
illu
s.(T
oget
her
with
: Bro
chur
e on
Flo
rida
Ret
irem
ent
Vill
age:
The
Hor
izon
Hom
e.)
Ava
ilabl
e fr
om th
e In
stitu
te o
fR
ehab
ilita
tion
Med
icin
e,40
0E
ast
34th
St.,
New
Yor
k, N
.Y. 1
0016
.
N E
WY
OR
KU
NIV
ER
SIT
YM
ED
ICA
L C
EN
TE
R. I
nstit
ute
ofPh
ysic
al M
edic
ine
and
Reh
abili
tatio
n.A
man
ual f
or tr
aini
ng th
e di
sabl
edho
mem
aker
, by
How
ard
A. R
usk
(and
othe
rs).
195
5. 1
67 p
. illu
s.(R
ehab
.m
onog
raph
VII
I) P
aper
boun
d. R
e-ha
bilit
atio
n M
onog
raph
s, I
nstit
ute
ofPh
ysic
al M
edic
ine
and
Reh
abili
tatio
n,40
0 E
ast 3
4th
St.,
New
Yor
k, N
.Y.
1001
6.
NE
W Y
OR
K U
NIV
ER
SIT
Y M
ED
I-C
AL
CE
NT
ER
. Ins
titut
e of
Med
-ic
ine
Plan
ning
kitc
hens
for
han
dica
pped
hom
emak
ers,
byV
irgi
nia
Har
tW
heel
er. 1
965.
82
p. il
lus.
, dia
gs.,
floo
rpl
ans.
(R
ehab
. mon
ogra
ph X
XV
II.)
Pape
rbou
nd. S
pira
l bin
ding
. Pub
lica-
tions
Uni
t, In
stitu
te o
f R
ehab
ilita
tion
Med
icin
e, 4
00 E
ast 3
4th
St.,
New
Yor
k, N
.Y. 1
0016
.
NE
W Y
OR
K U
NIV
ER
SIT
Y M
ED
I-C
AL
CE
NT
ER
. Ins
titut
e of
Re-
habi
litat
ion
Med
icin
eSe
lf-h
elp
devi
ces
for
the
arth
ritic
, by
Edw
ard
W. L
owm
an. 1
960.
149
p.
illus
.(R
ehab
. mon
ogra
ph V
I, r
ev.)
Reh
abili
tatio
n M
onog
raph
s, I
nstit
ute
of R
ehab
ilita
tion
Med
icin
e, 4
00 E
ast
34th
St.,
New
Yor
k, N
.Y. 1
0016
.
NE
W Y
OR
K U
NIV
ER
SIT
Y M
ED
I-C
AL
CE
NT
ER
. Ins
titut
e of
Re-
habi
litat
ion
Med
icin
eSe
lf-h
elp
devi
ces
for
reha
bilit
atio
n.2
part
s.ill
us.
Phot
o-of
fset
. Wm
. C.
Bro
wn
Co.
, Pub
lishe
rs, 1
35 S
outh
Lo-
cust
St.,
Dub
uque
, Iow
a 52
002.
Par
t I(1
958)
, Par
t II
(196
5).
PAR
AL
YZ
ED
VE
TE
RA
NS
OF
AM
ER
ICA
Whe
elch
air
hous
es. 1
959.
16
p. il
lus.
,fl
oor
plan
s.Pa
raly
zed
Vet
eran
sof
Am
eric
a, I
nc.,
3636
16t
h St
. NW
.,W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.
2001
0.Fr
ee o
nre
ques
t.A
lso
dist
ribu
ted
by th
e sa
me
orga
ni-
zatio
n. H
ousi
ng f
or th
e ch
airb
orne
.3
p. M
imeo
. Cov
ers
gene
ral c
onsi
dera
-tio
ns in
des
ign
in h
ousi
ng f
or th
ose
inw
heel
chai
rs.
RE
AD
APT
AT
ION
. Dec
., 19
64. N
o.11
5. A
vaila
ble
from
Int
erna
tiona
lSo
ciet
y fo
r R
ehab
ilita
tion
of th
eD
isab
led,
219
Eas
t 44t
h St
., N
ewY
ork,
N.Y
. 100
17.
A s
peci
alis
sue
prep
ared
by
the
Fren
ch N
atio
nal C
omm
ittee
of
Coo
r-di
natio
n fo
r R
ehab
ilita
tion
of th
e D
is-
able
d in
coo
pera
tion
with
the
Wor
ldV
eter
ans
Fede
ratio
n. D
escr
ibes
, and
pict
ures
in s
ome
inst
ance
s, e
quip
men
tan
dse
lf-h
elp
devi
ces,
arch
itect
ural
spec
ific
atio
ns in
side
and
out
side
the
hom
e.
RU
SK, H
OW
AR
D A
. AN
D E
UG
EN
EJ.
TA
YL
OR
Liv
ing
with
a d
isab
ility
. 195
3. 2
07p.
illu
s. P
ublis
hed
by B
laki
ston
Div
i-si
on, M
cGra
w-H
illB
ook
Co.
,an
dav
aila
ble
from
Int
erna
tiona
l Soc
iety
for
Reh
abili
tatio
n of
the
Dis
able
d, 2
19E
ast 4
4th
St.,
New
Yor
k, N
.Y. 1
0017
.
U.S
. PR
ESI
DE
NT
'S C
OU
NC
IL O
NA
GIN
GH
omes
for
the
aged
in S
wed
en o
ffer
idea
s fo
r A
mer
ican
s. 1
963.
(32
p. i
llus.
U.S
. Sup
erin
tend
ent o
f D
ocum
ents
,G
over
nmen
t Pri
ntin
g O
ffic
e, W
ashi
ng-
ton,
D.C
. 204
02.
WIN
STO
N, J
AC
K A
.C
once
pts
ofre
side
ntia
lca
re; a
nar
chite
ctur
al g
uide
. 196
0. 4
9 p.
illu
s.U
nite
d C
ereb
ral P
alsy
Ass
ocia
tions
of
New
Yor
k St
ate,
220
Wes
t 42d
St.,
New
Yor
k, N
.Y. 1
0036
.
SCH
OO
LS
BR
YA
NT
, DA
NIE
L C
.D
esig
ning
for
the
men
tally
han
di-
capp
ed. 1
964.
3 p
.(R
epri
nt f
rom
:R
ehab
.L
it.,
Nov
.,19
64)
Nat
iona
lSo
ciet
yfo
rC
ripp
led
Chi
ldre
n an
dA
dults
,20
23W
est
Ogd
enA
ve.,
Chi
cago
, Ill.
606
12.
Des
ign
elem
ents
tr b
e co
nsid
ered
inpl
anni
ng a
sch
ool o
r tr
aini
ng c
ente
rfo
r th
e m
enta
lly r
etar
ded,
spe
cifi
cally
thos
e pl
ar,n
ed in
to th
e Sh
ore
Scho
olan
d T
rain
ing
Cen
ter
in E
vans
ton,
Ill.
,a
tota
l tra
inin
g an
d vo
catio
nal a
djus
t-m
ent c
ente
r op
ened
in 1
962.
CO
NN
EC
TIC
UT
, ST
AT
E D
EPA
RT
-M
EN
T O
F E
DU
CA
TIO
NPl
an f
or m
e. 1
955.
15
p. il
lus.
(B
ull.
No.
63)
Con
nect
icut
Sta
te D
ept.
ofE
duca
tion,
600
Asy
lum
St.,
Har
tfor
d,C
onn.
061
15.
HA
TH
AW
AY
, WIN
IFR
ED
Edu
catio
n an
d he
alth
of
the
par-
tially
see
ing
child
; rev
ised
by
Fran
klin
M. F
oote
, Dor
othy
Bry
an, a
nd H
elen
Gib
bons
. 195
9. 2
01 p
. illu
s., t
abs.
(4t
hed
.) P
ublis
hed
for
the
Nat
iona
l Soc
iety
for
the
Prev
entio
n of
Blin
dnes
s by
Col
umbi
aU
nive
rsity
Pres
s,29
60B
road
way
, New
Yor
k, N
.Y. 1
0027
.C
hapt
ers
11,
12, a
nd a
ppen
dix
2in
clud
e di
scus
sion
s of
phy
sica
l fea
ture
sof
the
spec
ial c
lass
room
, its
equ
ipm
ent
and
faci
litie
s.
SCH
OE
NB
OH
M, W
ILC
O B
.Pl
anni
ng a
nd o
pera
ting
faci
litie
s fo
rcr
ippl
ed c
hild
ren.
196
2. 3
11 p
. illu
s.,
figs
.,fl
oor
plan
s,di
ags.
Cha
rles
C.
Tho
mas
, Pub
lishe
r, 3
01 E
ast L
awre
nce
Ave
., Sp
ring
fiel
d, I
ll. 6
2703
.
U.S
. OFF
ICE
OF
ED
UC
AT
ION
Scho
ol h
ousi
ng f
or p
hysi
cally
han
di-
capp
edch
ildre
n,by
Rom
aine
P.M
acki
e. 1
951.
26
p. il
lus.
(B
ull.
1951
,N
o. 1
7) U
.S. S
uper
inte
nden
t of
Doc
u-m
ents
, Gov
ernm
ent P
rint
ing
Off
ice,
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
. 204
02.
RE
CR
EA
TIO
NA
LFA
CIL
ITIE
SA
TH
LE
TIC
IN
STIT
UT
EPl
anni
ng a
reas
and
fac
ilitie
sfo
rhe
alth
, phy
sica
l edu
catio
n, a
nd r
ecre
a-tio
n, b
y pa
rtic
ipan
ts in
Nat
iona
l Fac
ili-
ties
Con
fere
nce.
Rev
. 196
5. v
iii, 2
72 p
.fi
gs.,
tabs
. Pap
erbo
und.
The
Ath
letic
Inst
itute
, Mer
chan
dise
Mar
t, C
hica
go,
III.
606
54.
UN
ITE
D C
HU
RC
H P
RE
SSSi
tese
lect
ion
and
deve
lopm
ent;
cam
ps, c
onfe
renc
es, r
etre
ats.
196
5. 1
74p.
illus
.,di
ags.
,fl
oor
plan
s. P
aper
-bo
und.
Spi
ral b
indi
ng. U
nite
d C
hurc
hPr
ess,
150
5 R
ace
St.,
Phila
delp
hia,
Pa.
1910
2.
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arri
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Arc
hite
ctur
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illus
.R
epor
t of
a ta
sk f
orce
. Ass
ignm
ent:
to e
xplo
rean
d te
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eans
of
reac
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arc
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cts
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rs w
ho in
flue
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s), w
ithco
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seab
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ater
ials
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ch c
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or b
arri
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ree
arch
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DE
PAR
TM
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LT
H, E
DU
CA
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ION
, AN
D W
EL
FAR
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NA
Dir
ecto
ry: S
ome
Col
lege
s an
d U
nive
rsiti
esw
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peci
al F
acili
ties
to A
ccom
mod
ate
Han
di-
capp
ed S
tude
nts,
196
7. 1
0 p.
, com
pile
d by
Rob
ert
E. H
all a
nd E
ileen
F. L
ehm
an.
A g
uide
for
han
dica
pped
stu
dent
s in
sel
ectin
ga
scho
ol o
f hi
gher
edu
catio
n.
DE
PAR
TM
EN
T O
F IN
TE
RIO
R, B
UR
EA
UO
F O
UT
DO
OR
RE
CR
EA
TIO
NO
utdo
or R
ecre
atio
n Pl
anni
ng f
or th
e H
andi
-ca
pped
, 196
7. 3
4 p.
illu
s. F
or s
ale
by S
upt.
ofD
ocum
ents
, U.S
. Gov
t. Pr
intin
g O
ffic
e, W
ash-
ingt
on D
.C. 2
0402
.Pr
epar
ed in
coo
pert
ion
with
the
Nat
iona
l Rec
-re
atio
n an
d Pa
rk A
ssoc
iatio
n, th
is te
chni
cal a
s-si
stan
ce p
amph
let i
s de
sign
ed to
pro
vide
hel
pful
prac
tical
info
rmat
ion
to p
lann
ers,
adm
inis
trat
ors
and
othe
r in
tere
sted
indi
vidu
als.
KA
NSA
S. K
AN
SAS
STA
TE
TE
AC
HE
RS
CO
LL
EG
EH
ighe
r E
duca
tion
and
Han
dica
pped
Stu
-de
ntsA
Adm
inis
trat
ive
Han
dboo
k, e
dite
d by
Will
iam
V. T
ucke
r, M
.S.;
Proj
ect D
irec
tor
Har
ry J
. Wat
ers,
Ed.
D.,
1964
, 91
p., i
llus.
A g
uide
for
uni
vers
ity p
erso
nnel
in d
evel
opin
gpl
ans
and
proc
edur
es f
or a
ccom
mod
atin
g ha
ndi-
capp
ed c
olle
ge s
tude
nts.
A s
urve
y of
spe
cial
fac
ilitie
s at
sch
ools
of
high
er e
duca
tion
thro
ugho
ut th
e na
tion.
NA
TIO
NA
L L
EA
GU
E O
F C
ITIE
S, D
E-
PAR
TM
EN
T O
F U
RB
AN
ST
UD
IES,
WA
SHIN
GT
ON
, D.C
.St
ate
and
Loc
al E
ffor
ts to
Elim
inat
e A
rchi
-te
ctur
al B
arri
ers
to th
e H
andi
capp
ed, 1
967.
162
p., i
llus.
, by
Mad
elen
e B
aker
, Mic
hael
A. F
is-
chet
ti, L
awre
nce
A. W
illia
ms,
Edd
ie M
. You
ng.
STA
TE
OF
NE
W Y
OR
K, D
EPA
RT
ME
NT
OF
CO
NSE
RV
AT
ION
, ST
AT
E C
OU
N-
CIL
OF
PAR
KS
AN
D O
UT
DO
OR
RE
C-
RE
AT
ION
, AL
BA
NY
, N.Y
.O
utdo
or R
ecre
atio
n fo
r th
e Ph
ysic
ally
Han
di-
capp
edA
Han
dboo
k of
Des
ign
Stan
dard
s,19
67. 1
6 p.
, illu
s.
APP
EN
DIX
VII
.
Con
tain
s he
lpfu
l inf
orm
atio
n fo
r pl
anne
rs a
ndad
min
istr
ator
s co
ncer
ned
with
the
serv
ices
for
disa
bled
chi
ldre
n an
d ad
ults
.
TH
E W
OO
DR
OW
WIL
SON
RE
HA
BIL
ITA
-T
ION
CE
NT
ER
FO
UN
DA
TIO
NA
Rep
ort o
n th
e D
evel
opm
ent o
f A
n A
ctiv
ities
Bui
ldin
g fo
r th
e W
oodr
ow W
ilson
Reh
abili
ta-
tion
Cen
ter,
Fis
herv
ille,
Va.
, 196
7. 2
2 p.
, illu
s.Pr
esen
ts s
peci
fica
tions
and
flo
or p
lans
for
an
activ
ities
bui
ldin
g de
sign
ed to
pro
vide
are
as f
ora
vari
ety
of s
ocia
l and
recr
eatio
nal a
ctiv
ities
.
UN
ITE
D S
TA
TE
S SE
NA
TE
, CO
MM
ITT
EE
ON
PU
BL
IC W
OR
KS,
WA
SHIN
GT
ON
,D
.C.
Acc
essi
bilit
y of
Pub
lic B
uild
itgs
to th
e Ph
ysi-
cally
Han
dica
pped
, Hea
ring
s, 9
0th
Con
gres
s,fi
rst s
essi
on o
n S-
222"
A B
ill T
o In
sure
Tha
tPu
blic
Bui
ldin
gs F
inan
ced
with
Fed
eral
Fun
dsA
re S
o D
esig
ned
and
Con
stru
cted
As
To
Be
Ac-
cess
ible
to th
e Ph
ysic
ally
Han
dica
pped
", J
uly
1967
. 96
p., c
hart
s, ta
bles
.
MIN
NE
SOT
A S
OC
IET
Y F
OR
CR
IPPL
ED
CH
ILD
RE
N A
ND
AD
UL
TS,
MIN
NE
-A
POL
IS, M
INN
."S
ound
The
Tru
mpe
ts"A
22-
min
ute
colo
rfi
lm w
hich
dep
icts
how
ker
yday
thou
ghtle
ssne
ssin
bui
ldin
g co
nstr
uctio
n af
fect
s m
illio
ns o
f ha
ndi-
capp
ed a
nd a
ged,
as
wel
l as
non-
hand
icap
ped
pers
ons.
It e
mph
asiz
es h
ow s
ensi
ble
plan
ning
and
cons
truc
tion
can
brin
g sa
ving
s an
d be
nefi
t to
the
com
mun
ity a
nd it
s ci
tizen
s in
eve
ryth
ing
from
in-
crea
sed
chur
ch a
ttend
ance
and
ret
ail s
ales
to 53
low
ered
wel
fare
cos
ts a
nd b
uild
ing
insu
ranc
e an
dm
aint
enan
ce c
osts
.
DA
NT
ON
A, R
OB
ER
TA
rchi
tect
ural
bar
rier
s fo
r th
e ha
ndic
appe
d;a
surv
ey o
f th
e la
w in
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es, b
y R
ober
t1D
anto
na a
nd B
enja
min
Tes
sler
. 196
7. 1
0P.
(R
e-pr
inte
d fr
om :
Reh
ab. L
it., F
eb. 1
967.
) A
vaila
ble
free
fro
m N
atio
nal S
ocie
ty f
or C
ripp
led
Chi
ldre
nan
d A
dults
, 202
3 W
est O
gden
Ave
., C
hica
go, I
ll.60
612.
FED
ER
AT
ION
IN
TE
RN
AT
ION
AL
E D
ES
MU
TIL
ES
ET
IN
VA
LID
ES
DU
TR
A-
VA
IL E
T D
ES
INV
AL
IDE
S C
IVIL
SG
li in
valid
i e le
bar
rier
e ar
chite
ttoni
che,
by
..
.w
ith th
e co
oper
atio
n of
the
Ital
ian
Nat
iona
lA
ssoc
iatio
n of
Dis
able
d W
orke
rs a
nd th
e It
alia
nA
ssoc
iatio
n fo
r A
ssis
tanc
e to
the
Spas
tics.
196
6.40
8 p.
Pape
rbou
nd.
Publ
ishe
d by
AN
MIL
(Ita
lian
Nat
l. A
ssn.
of
Dis
able
d W
orke
rs)
,Pa
l-az
zo d
ella
Civ
ilta
de L
avor
o, Q
uadr
ato
della
Con
cord
ia (
EU
R) ,
Rom
e, I
taly
. For
ava
ilabi
lity
of th
e re
port
, wri
te to
Int
erna
tion
al S
ocie
ty f
orR
ehab
ilita
tion
of th
e D
isab
led,
219
Eas
t 44t
hSt
., N
ew Y
ork,
N.Y
. 100
17.
HO
FST
RA
UN
IVE
RSI
TY
The
dev
elop
men
t and
eff
ects
of
an in
expe
n-si
ve e
leva
tor
for
elim
inat
ing
arch
itect
ural
bar
rier
sin
pub
lic b
uild
ings
, pre
pare
d by
Har
old
E. Y
uker
,A
lfre
d C
ohn,
and
Mar
tin A
. Fel
dman
. 196
6. 1
12p.
illus
.Pa
perb
ound
. (V
RA
Dem
onst
ratio
nG
rant
No.
RD
-165
1G)
Dis
trib
uted
by
Hof
stra
Uni
vers
ity, P
rogr
am f
or H
ighe
r E
duca
tion
of
54
the
Dis
able
d, H
emps
tead
, Lon
g Is
land
, N.Y
.11
550.
NA
TIO
NA
L S
OC
IET
Y F
OR
CR
IPPL
ED
CH
ILD
RE
N A
ND
AD
UL
TS
Proc
eedi
ngs
of th
e N
atio
nal I
nstit
ute
on M
ak-
ing
Bui
ldin
gs a
nd F
acili
ties
Acc
essi
ble
To
and
Usa
ble
By
the
Phys
ical
ly H
andi
capp
ed;
a na
-tio
nal i
nstit
ute
on a
rchi
tect
ural
bar
rier
s,sp
on-
sore
d by
the
..
.N
ov. 2
1-24
, 196
5, C
hica
go, I
ll.(1
966)
86
p. S
pira
l bin
ding
. Dis
trib
uted
fre
eby
the
Arc
hite
ctur
al B
arri
ers
Proj
ect o
f th
eN
a-tio
nal S
ocie
ty f
or C
ripp
led
Chi
ldre
n an
d A
dults
,20
23 W
est O
gden
Ave
., C
hica
go, I
ll. 6
0612
.Pa
pers
cov
ered
suc
h su
bjec
tsas
the
prob
lem
san
d pr
ogre
ss in
elim
inat
ion
of a
rchi
tect
ural
bar
-ri
ers
and
the
prev
entio
n of
bar
rier
s th
roug
hde
sign
.
NE
W Y
OR
K S
TA
TE
UN
IVE
RSI
TY
CO
N-
STR
UC
TIO
N F
UN
DM
akin
g fa
cilit
ies
acce
ssib
le to
the
phys
ical
lyha
ndic
appe
d; p
erfo
rman
ce c
rite
ria.
196
7. 4
0p.
illus
., di
ags.
Sta
te U
nive
rsity
Con
stru
ctio
n Fu
nd,
194
Was
hing
ton
Ave
., A
lban
y, N
.Y. 1
2210
.
NU
GE
NT
, TIM
OT
HY
J.
Des
ign
of b
uild
ings
to p
erm
it th
eir
use
by th
eph
ysic
ally
han
dica
pped
. (19
60)
(16)
p. il
lus.
(Rep
rint
ed f
rom
New
Bui
ldin
g R
esea
rch,
Fal
l,19
60; P
ubl.
910,
Bui
ldin
g R
esea
rch
Inst
itute
,N
atl.
Aca
dem
y of
Sci
ence
s-N
atl.
Res
earc
h C
oun-
cil)
Dis
trib
uted
fre
e of
cha
rge
by th
e N
atio
nal
Soci
ety
for
Cri
pple
d C
hild
ren
and
Adu
lts, 2
023
W. O
gden
Ave
., C
hica
go, I
ll. 6
0612
,or
by
the
1
Pres
iden
t's C
omm
ittee
on
Em
ploy
men
t of
the
Han
dica
pped
, 713
1 D
ept.
of L
abor
Bld
g. W
ash-
ingt
on, D
.C. 2
0210
.
RE
HA
BIL
ITA
TIO
N R
EC
OR
D. N
ov.D
ec.
19C
6. 7
6 : 1
1-25
. Sin
gle
copi
es o
f th
is p
ub-
licat
ion
are
avai
labl
e fr
om S
uper
inte
nden
tof
Doc
umen
ts, U
.S. G
over
nmen
t Pri
ntin
gO
ffic
e, W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C. 2
0402
.A
spe
cial
sec
tion
of th
is is
sue,
title
d "A
ccen
ton
Acc
ess,
" co
ntai
ns b
rief
pap
ers
pert
aini
ng to
arch
itect
ural
bar
rier
s an
d so
me
resu
lts o
f re
sear
chef
fort
s to
ove
rcom
e th
em.
U.S
. PR
ESI
DE
NT
'S C
OM
MIT
TE
E O
N E
M-
PLO
YM
EN
T O
F T
HE
HA
ND
ICA
PPE
DG
uide
to th
e na
tiona
l par
ks a
nd m
Onu
men
tsfo
r ha
ndic
appe
d to
uris
ts. 1
966.
x, 8
1 p.
illu
s.D
istr
ibut
ed b
y th
e Pr
esid
ent's
Com
mitt
eeon
Em
-pl
oym
ent o
f th
e H
andi
capp
ed, 7
131
Dep
t. of
Lab
or B
ldg.
, Was
hing
ton,
D.C
. 202
10.
Inte
nded
as
an a
id in
pla
nnin
g tr
ips,
the
guid
eco
ntai
ns in
form
atio
n ob
tain
ed f
rom
a qu
estio
n-na
ire
surv
ey o
f m
ore
than
200
uni
ts o
f th
e N
a-tio
nal P
ark
Serv
ice.
U.S
. PU
BL
IC H
EA
LT
H S
ER
VIC
E. D
IVI-
SIO
N O
F H
OSP
ITA
L A
ND
ME
DIC
AL
FAC
ILIT
IES
Des
ign
of f
acili
ties
for
the
men
tally
ret
arde
d;di
agno
sis
and
eval
uatio
n, e
duca
tion
and
trai
ning
,liv
ing
units
. 196
6. v
i, 46
p. il
lus.
, tab
s., f
loor
pla
ns.
Ava
ilabl
e fr
om S
uper
inte
nden
t of
Doc
umen
ts,
U.S
. Gov
ernm
ent P
rint
ing
Off
ice,
Was
hing
ton,
D.C
. 204
02.
U.S
. GO
VE
RN
ME
NT
PR
INT
ING
OF
FIC
E:1
968
0-29
3-86
2
