Upload
yonas-yg
View
226
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Chapter- One
Classification of Motor vehicles
Functions of subunits in Motor Vehicle
Transmission of Motion to Wheels
INTRODUCTION
Motor Vehicles –used for transporting
goods and/or passengers
fullling specic operations on land.
Motor vehicles are supported by the ground,
compared with aircraft and marine are
supported by air and water.
Classification of Motor vehicles
Type of roads Guided Motor vehicles and Nonguided motor
vehicles
Guided Motor vehicles
Move along a !ed path "guide way#, such as railway
vehicles
Nonguided motor vehicles
can move, by choice, in various directions on the
ground, such as road vehicles and o$road vehicles.
Classification of Motor vehicles%unning gear
&ingleTrac' motor vehicles and MultiTrac' motor vehicles
&ingleTrac' motor vehiclesMotor vehicles with ( wheels with or without sidecar.
)!amples
Motorcycle *ny twowheeled vehicle with or without
sidecar.
Moped Motor cycle with pedals and a petrol engine of
low power.
motorcycle Moped
Classification of Motor vehicles&ingleTrac' motor vehicles
Scooter Motorcycle with sidecar
Scooter
- Light motor cycle, usually with small wheels, a low
seat and a metal shield protecting the driver's legs.
Classification of Motor vehiclesMultiTrac' motor vehicles
Motor vehicles with three or more wheels.
&alooncar "sedan# motor car where the area for
the driver and passengers is closed o$ from the
luggage and engine areas " + bo! #.
atchbac' car with a hatched bac', doors hinged
at the top that opens" ( bo!# .
Saloon-car (sedan) Hatchbac! wheels Motorcycle
Classification of Motor vehiclesMultiTrac' motor vehicles
Motor vehicles with three or more wheels.
-ic' up "also -ic'up truc'# small van or truc',
used by builders, farmers etc, for load carrying.
an covered vehicle, for transporting goods or
people.
0orry "1& Truc'# large strong motor vehicle for
transporting goods, soldiers, etc by road.
"ic - up
("ic-up truc) #anLorry ($S %ruc)
Classification of Motor vehicles
2aterpillar tractor "o$ road vehicles#
Tractor tted with the chain belt passing round the
wheels of a tractor enabling it to travel o$ road .
Classification of Motor vehicles31&)&
3uses are used to transport people.
The capacity of buses is more for passengers and luggage.
3uses fall into one of the following categories, depending upon the use.
Microbus The capacity of microbuses is appro!. (4
passengers.
2ity buses " 1rban buses # 5 6esigned and e7uipped for
driving regularly scheduled incity and suburban routes.
Tour buses " 0ongdistance coach # 5 are designed to provide a
comfortable ride over long distances. Tour buses have large
luggage compartments from front to rear below the
passanger 8oor.
Classification of Motor vehicles
5) Buses
Microbus
%our bus &rticulated bus
ouble-decer public bus
$SS
Classification of Motor vehiclesTransport Vehicles: Transport vehicles are further classied
*ccording to the type of body5
Generalpurpose cargo truc's 5 with an open dropsided body used for
carrying bul' and pac'aged goods.
&pecialpurpose truc's 5 with bodies adapted for a certain 'ind of
wor', e.g. dump truc's with tiltable bodies used to carry viscous and bul'
materials, or with bodies specially adapted for transporting peat, cement,
mi!ed fodder, grain, cotton, cattle, gasoline, mil', etc.
*ccording to the load capacity 5
)!tralight duty truc's 5 up to 9.:4 t , built on the chassis of passenger
cars and used for deliveries of light loads in the communication and
communal services and in trade.
0ightduty vehicles 5 from 9.:4 to (.4 t , that wor' in trade, at industrial
enterprises and in agriculture, hauling light loads. They also serves as cargo
ta!is.
Classification of Motor vehicles
*ccording to the load capacity 5
Medium-duty trucks 5 from (.4 to 4.9 t , mostly
carrying loads for organi;ations and enterprises with a
moderate cargo tra<c.
Heavy-duty trucks 5 from 4.9 t to =9.9 t , used on hard
surface roads for carrying building materials, fuel, and
products manufactured by large industrial enterprises.
Extra-heavy-duty vehicles 5 above =9.9 t , for wor' in
ore and coal mines and at big construction pro>ects with
a large amount of steady cargo tra<c. *s a rule, these
vehicles are diverted from public highways.
Classification of Motor vehicles
*lat bed %ruc
+-road deep %ruc
ump %ruc
%ractor-trailer rig
%ransport #ehicles
IO Classification?&@+A++ classies ground vehicles in : groups5
Motorcycles
-assenger cars
3usses
Truc's
*gricultural tractors
-assenger cars with trailer
Truc' trailer/semi trailer road trains
!utomobiles "stems
The basic systems / -arts of automobiles
-ower source
)ngine
6rive train
2lutch, gear 3o!, &haft and 6i$erential
)lectrical &ystem
?gnition, &tarting 0ighting and battery
Bheels and tires
&uspension &ystem
&teering &ystem
3ra'ing &ystem
#o$er TransmissionMechanical energy is converted into Motion
*ny *utomobile consists of -owertrain and Non
powertrain components.
-owerTrain components
-arts involved in the process of generating
power to converting it to Motion
Non -owerTrain components
-arts li'e 3ody, Crame
Drive Train?ndicates the power 8ow of motor vehicle from
engine to driving wheels
The main components of drive train5
)ngine2lutchTransmission6riveshaft6i$erential
Bheels
Drive Train Confi%urations Two wheels 6rive "(B6#
Cront engine rear wheel drive
Cront engine front wheel drive
)ngine transmission cross mounted
)ngine behind transmission
)ngine in front of transmission
%ear engine rear wheel drive
Cour wheel drive "DB6#
Drive Train Confi%urationsCront engine front wheel drive
)ngine transmission cross mounted
)ngine behind transmission
Drive Train Confi%urations
Cront engine front wheel drive
)ngine in front of transmission
%ear engine rear wheel drive
Characteristics of &roun' Vehicle
The main ob>ective of studying mechanics "6ynamics#
of Ground vehicle is to establish guiding principles for
%ational 6evelopment
6esign
&election of vehicles
?n general, the characteristics of a ground vehicle may
be described in terms of its
-erformance
andling
%ide
Characteristics of &roun' Vehicle
-erformance 2haracteristics
%efers to the ability of the vehicle to accelerate, to
drawbar pull, to overcome obstacles and to decelerate
andling Eualities
*re concerned with response of the vehicle to the
driverFs commands and its ability to stabili;e its motion
against e!ternal disturbances
%ide 2haracteristics
*re related to the vibration of the vehicle e!cited by
surface irregularities and its e$ects on passengers and
goods