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The periodic table is a map of the elements.

SECTIONOUTLINE

metal

reactive

The periodic table has distinct regions.

7.3

CHAPTERRESOURCES

nonmetal

metalloid

radioactivity

half-lifeThree regions are metals, metalloids, and nonmetals.

VISUALIZATION

Watch how a radioactive element decays over time.

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Elements make up the periodic table.

SECTIONOUTLINE

periodic table

atomic mass

Elements in a period have varying properties.

Elements can be organized by similarities.

Groups of elements have similar properties.

7.2

CHAPTERRESOURCES

group

period

SECTION OUTLINE

neutron

proton

Atoms are the smallest form of elements.

electron

nucleus

atomic number

7.1

CHAPTERRESOURCES

atomic mass number

isotope

ion

All matter is made of the atoms of approximately 100 elements.

Atoms of elements contain protons, neutrons,

and electrons.

nucleus

electron cloud

neutron

proton

SIMULATION

Build a model of an atom.CLASSZONE.COM

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SECTIONOUTLINE

Chemical reactions involve energy changes.

exothermic reaction

bond energy

endothermic reaction

• In an endothermic reaction, more energy is added than released.

• Different bonds contain different amounts of energy.• In an exothermic reaction, more energy is released than

added.

photosynthesis

9.3

VISUALIZATION

View examples of endothermic and exothermic reactions.

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Carbon-based molecules are life’s building blocks.

carbohydrate

SECTIONOUTLINE

lipid

protein

enzyme

nucleic acid

11.3

CHAPTERRESOURCES

There are four main types of carbon-based molecules in living things.

Carbohydrates•sugars and starches

•energy for cells

•plant cell walls

Lipids•fats and oils

•energy for cells

•cell membranes

Proteins•strings of amino acids

• used for structure, transport, immune system, enzymes

Nucleic Acids•DNA and RNA

•genetic code

•code for amino acids

Carbon-based molecules have many structures.

SECTIONOUTLINE

11.2

CHAPTERRESOURCES

inorganic compound

polymer

organic compound

isomer

Carbon can form chains and rings.

VISUALIZATION

Observe and rotate three-dimensional models of carbon-based molecules.

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Chemical bonds hold compounds together.

SECTIONOUTLINE

• Chemical bonds give all materials their structure.

• Chemical bonds between atoms involve electrons.

• Atoms can transfer electrons.

• Atoms can share electrons.

ionic bond

molecule

polar covalent bond

covalent bond

8.2

CHAPTERRESOURCES

VISUALIZATON

Examine how electrons move in a polar covalent molecule.

VISUALIZATION

Watch an animation showing ionic and covalent bonding.

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Earth rotates on a tilted axis and orbits the Sun.

SECTION OUTLINE

revolution

axis of rotationEarth’s rotation in sunlight causes day and night.

The changing angles of sunlight on Earth cause seasons.

season

equinox

solstice

12.2

VISUALIZATION

Find out how sunlight affects the temperature in different places at different times of year.

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CHAPTERRESOURCES

reference point

motion

position

An object in motion changes position.

SECTION OUTLINE

Position is measured from a reference point.

Motion is measured relative to an observer.

1.1

VISUALIZATION

Learn how your motion makes a difference in what you observe.

CHAPTERRESOURCES

Newton's first law Objects at rest remain at rest, and objects in motion remain in motion with the same velocity, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

Forces change motion.

SECTION OUTLINE

net force

force

Newton's first law

inertia

2.1

SIMULATION

Change the sizes and directions of forces on an object and predict how it will move.

CHAPTERRESOURCES

Newton's second lawNewton's second lawThe acceleration of an object increases with increased force and decreases with increased mass, and is in the same direction as the force. centripetal force

Force and mass determine acceleration.

SECTIONOUTLINE

2.2

SIMULATION

Explore Newton’s second law.

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• Speed is how fast positions change with time.

velocity

vector

speed

Speed measures how fast position changes.

SECTIONOUTLINE

distance

00:00 00:02Speed =

distance

time

1.2

CHAPTERRESOURCES

Acceleration measures how fast velocity changes.

acceleration

SECTIONOUTLINE

1.3

VISUALIZATION

Explore how changing the acceleration of an object changes its motion.

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6.2

SECTION OUTLINE

Temperature depends on particle movement.

temperature

kinetic theory of matter

thermometer

• Temperature is commonly measured on the Fahrenheit or Celsius scales.

• All particles in matter have kinetic energy.• Temperature is the measurement of the average kinetic

energy of particles in an object.

• Particles in a warmer substance have a greater average kinetic energy than particles in a cooler substance.

VISUALIZATION

Explore how temperature affects the speed of particles.

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