Chapter SeventeenChapter Seventeen

The Romantic EraThe Romantic EraChapter SeventeenChapter Seventeen

The Romantic EraThe Romantic Era

Edgar Allen Poe, American

Romantic Author

Edgar Allen Poe, American

Romantic Author

This is as romantic as romantic gets.

Caspar David Friedrich’s “Mountianeer in a Misty Landscape”

This is as romantic as romantic gets.

Man alone, finding himself in the awesome world of nature

Caspar David Friedrich’s “Mountianeer in a Misty Landscape”

Industrial Development, Social Industrial Development, Social Progress, Scientific ProgressProgress, Scientific Progress

Industrial Development, Social Industrial Development, Social Progress, Scientific ProgressProgress, Scientific Progress

First era of Feminism and Workers’ Rights (Trade Unions, Socialism)Industrial Revolution: industry overtakes agriculture as source of national wealthUrbanization:More people living in cities than country for first time in human historySteam power, railroads, factories

“a wilderness of human beings”Scientific Discoveries

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) discovers source of disease in germs; proposes vaccination

Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882)Theory of evolution, natural selection“Social Darwinism”

First era of Feminism and Workers’ Rights (Trade Unions, Socialism)Industrial Revolution: industry overtakes agriculture as source of national wealthUrbanization:More people living in cities than country for first time in human historySteam power, railroads, factories

“a wilderness of human beings”Scientific Discoveries

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) discovers source of disease in germs; proposes vaccination

Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882)Theory of evolution, natural selection“Social Darwinism”

The Concerns of The Concerns of RomanticismRomanticism

The Concerns of The Concerns of RomanticismRomanticism

Exploration of oppositions and relations between thingsExpression of personal feelingsEmotionality, subjectivity (in place of intellectual concerns of Enlightenment era)Individual creative imagination (sometimes led to sense of artist’s alienation from society)Mystical attachment to nature, the wild, the unpredictable, and the unexploredLove of the fantastic and exoticAttempt to “re-humanize” urbanization, science, and the industrial revolutionOften very politicized

Exploration of oppositions and relations between thingsExpression of personal feelingsEmotionality, subjectivity (in place of intellectual concerns of Enlightenment era)Individual creative imagination (sometimes led to sense of artist’s alienation from society)Mystical attachment to nature, the wild, the unpredictable, and the unexploredLove of the fantastic and exoticAttempt to “re-humanize” urbanization, science, and the industrial revolutionOften very politicized

The Idealist Intellectual The Idealist Intellectual BackgroundBackground

The Idealist Intellectual The Idealist Intellectual BackgroundBackground

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)

Transcendental idealismCritique of Judgment (1790)

Art reconciles opposites; unites general with particular, reason with intellect

Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831)

Applies Aristotelian dialectic to working of material world itself: synthesis of thesis (pure infinite being), antithesis (world of nature)“World Spirit” the result of world’s synthesis of its own differences

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)

Transcendental idealismCritique of Judgment (1790)

Art reconciles opposites; unites general with particular, reason with intellect

Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831)

Applies Aristotelian dialectic to working of material world itself: synthesis of thesis (pure infinite being), antithesis (world of nature)“World Spirit” the result of world’s synthesis of its own differences

The Intellectual Background:The Intellectual Background:Thinking in Terms of Thinking in Terms of

InterrelationsInterrelations

The Intellectual Background:The Intellectual Background:Thinking in Terms of Thinking in Terms of

InterrelationsInterrelationsKarl Marx (1818-1883)

Universal proletariat, revolutionProgressive, materialist, dialectical sense of history; developed by ‘standing Hegel on his head’Artistic realism: social and politicalPro-worker

Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

Natural selection, dialectic of species and environmentOn the Origin of Species

Karl Marx (1818-1883)

Universal proletariat, revolutionProgressive, materialist, dialectical sense of history; developed by ‘standing Hegel on his head’Artistic realism: social and politicalPro-worker

Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

Natural selection, dialectic of species and environmentOn the Origin of Species

Nineteenth-Century Literature:Nineteenth-Century Literature:

British Romantic PoetryBritish Romantic PoetryNineteenth-Century Literature:Nineteenth-Century Literature:

British Romantic PoetryBritish Romantic PoetryWilliam Wordsworth (1770-1850)

Founded Romantic movement“Emotion recollected in tranquility”

Lord Byron (1788-1824)Tormented Romantic hero, ByronicPersonal liberty, freedom

William Wordsworth (1770-1850)

Founded Romantic movement“Emotion recollected in tranquility”

Lord Byron (1788-1824)Tormented Romantic hero, ByronicPersonal liberty, freedom

Nineteenth-Century Literature:Nineteenth-Century Literature:

Romantic PoetryRomantic PoetryNineteenth-Century Literature:Nineteenth-Century Literature:

Romantic PoetryRomantic Poetry

Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)

Atheism, anarchyPerfectability of humanityUnification of extreme emotions

John Keats (1795-1821)Tragedy of existence, peace of death

Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)

Atheism, anarchyPerfectability of humanityUnification of extreme emotions

John Keats (1795-1821)Tragedy of existence, peace of death

The Romantic Era in America:The Romantic Era in America:

American LiteratureAmerican LiteratureThe Romantic Era in America:The Romantic Era in America:

American LiteratureAmerican LiteratureEuropean influences+individualityTranscendentalists

Unity of humans with natureEmerson, Thoreau

Walt Whitman (1819-1892)Importance of the individual, freedomHumanity united with the universe

European influences+individualityTranscendentalists

Unity of humans with natureEmerson, Thoreau

Walt Whitman (1819-1892)Importance of the individual, freedomHumanity united with the universe

The Romantic Era in America:The Romantic Era in America:

American LiteratureAmerican LiteratureThe Romantic Era in America:The Romantic Era in America:

American LiteratureAmerican LiteratureEdgar Allan Poe invents the short story formEmily Dickinson (1830-1881)

Balance of passion, reasonPsychology, faith, skepticism

Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter (1850)

Evil in society

Melville’s Moby Dick (1851)

Profound moral issuesSearch for truth, self-discovery

Edgar Allan Poe invents the short story formEmily Dickinson (1830-1881)

Balance of passion, reasonPsychology, faith, skepticism

Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter (1850)

Evil in society

Melville’s Moby Dick (1851)

Profound moral issuesSearch for truth, self-discovery

Romantic Art:Romantic Art:Painting at the Turn of the CenturyPainting at the Turn of the Century

Romantic Art:Romantic Art:Painting at the Turn of the CenturyPainting at the Turn of the Century

Francisco Goya, romantic extraordinaire (1746-1828)

The Third of May, 1808 Execution of the Madrileños No idealization Persuasive emotionality Personal commitment, vision

Francisco Goya, romantic extraordinaire (1746-1828)

The Third of May, 1808 Execution of the Madrileños No idealization Persuasive emotionality Personal commitment, vision

Goya’s “Saturn Devouring One of His Sons”

Romantic Art:Romantic Art:Painting in FrancePainting in France

Romantic Art:Romantic Art:Painting in FrancePainting in France

Géricault’s Raft of the Medusa (1818)

Romantic art of Delacroix (1798-1863)

Use of color to create formViolent, emotional scenesThe Death of Sardanapalus (1826)

Géricault’s Raft of the Medusa (1818)

Romantic art of Delacroix (1798-1863)

Use of color to create formViolent, emotional scenesThe Death of Sardanapalus (1826)

Romantic Art:Romantic Art:

Realist Realist Painting in FrancePainting in FranceRomantic Art:Romantic Art:

Realist Realist Painting in FrancePainting in France

Another art movement of this time that didn’t attempt to romanticize the world but to represent how it really is. However, those realistic representations are also very individualistic statements.French Realists

Honoré Daumier (1808-1879)

Another art movement of this time that didn’t attempt to romanticize the world but to represent how it really is. However, those realistic representations are also very individualistic statements.French Realists

Honoré Daumier (1808-1879)

Daumier’s realist “Third Class”

Daumier’s “The Legislative Belly.” What reality is this commenting on?

Romantic Art:Romantic Art:Painting in Germany and Painting in Germany and

EnglandEngland

Romantic Art:Romantic Art:Painting in Germany and Painting in Germany and

EnglandEnglandLandscape as Romantic device

Friedrich’s Sea of Ice (1810)Constable’s Hay Wain (1821)Turner’s Slave Ship (1840)

Landscape as Romantic deviceFriedrich’s Sea of Ice (1810)Constable’s Hay Wain (1821)Turner’s Slave Ship (1840)

Friedrich’s “Sea of Ice.” How is this romantic?

Constable’s Hay Wain (1821)

The Romantic Era in America:The Romantic Era in America:

American PaintingAmerican PaintingThe Romantic Era in America:The Romantic Era in America:

American PaintingAmerican Painting

Significance of landscape paintingNatural beauty=moral beautyHudson River School (Thomas Cole), Luminists (Martin Johnson Heade)

Winslow Homer (1836-1910)

Realism, naturalism, drama

Thomas Eakins (1844-1916)

Scientific accuracy, objective truth

Significance of landscape paintingNatural beauty=moral beautyHudson River School (Thomas Cole), Luminists (Martin Johnson Heade)

Winslow Homer (1836-1910)

Realism, naturalism, drama

Thomas Eakins (1844-1916)

Scientific accuracy, objective truth

American romantic painters such as Thomas Cole in his “Landscape with Figures” celebrated the virgin land of the young nation. How is this a romantic landscape? (do you see the figures?)

Another work of Thomas Cole. What is he saying about America?

Heade uses oils to remove all trace of brushstroke from his painting of Lake George in New York. The result is luminous and almost photographic.

Winslow Homer’s “Gulf Stream,” a very powerful American romantic vision. What does this seemingly terrifying image represent?

Eakins’ Miss Van Buren (1889)

The angle of the subject’s head and the position of the chair make us approach the subject as a person.

We wonder: what is she thinking? Looking at?

Edgar Allan Poe, “The Pit and the Pendulum.”

American Romanticism. What is romantic about this?