CHAPTER The Muscular System - libvolume6.xyzlibvolume6.xyz/.../muscularsystem/muscularsystemtutorial2.pdf · The Muscular System Overview: Muscular System Without the skeletal muscular

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C H A P T E R 3

The Muscular System

Overview: Muscular System

Without the skeletal muscular system, thebones that we learned in the previous unitwould be unable to move. Our bodies areequipped with some 600 skeletal muscles to notonly put those 206 bones into motion, but alsoto generate as much as 85% of our body heat,maintain our posture, control the openingsinvolved with the entrance and exit of materi-als, and to express our emotions and thoughtsthrough movements of our facial muscles.

Three important structural terms to under-stand as you begin your study of the skeletalmuscular system are a muscle’s origin,insertion, and belly. Most muscles areattached to different bones at each end. Thisassures that each muscle or its tendon will spanat least one joint. When a muscle contracts, itcauses movement where one bone remains rela-tively stationary and the other bone will move.The end of the muscle attached to the relativelystationary bone is called the origin, while theend of the muscle attached to the moving boneis called the insertion. One way to rememberthe difference is to think of your birthplace,your origin. No matter where you may movethroughout your life, your origin remains thesame – it doesn’t move! You may insert yourselfat several locations throughout your life—awayto college, a job in a different town, and so on.These require moving! Also, many muscles arenarrow at each end, their origin and insertion,and thick in the middle. This thicker middleregion is called the belly.

Animation: Skeletal MuscleBefore beginning the following exercises, view theAnatomy and Physiology Revealed animation coveringthe anatomy of skeletal muscle.

• Insert Anatomy and Physiology RevealedSkeletal / Muscular CD.

• Click on the ANIMATIONS button.

• In the Select topic menu, select Anatomy.

• From the Select animation menu, selectSkeletal muscle.

• Click the Play button and the animation will runin the window.

• When you are finished viewing the animation,click on the Dissection button at the bottom ofthe screen to begin the next exercises, or click onthe EXIT button at the bottom right of the screento exit Anatomy and PhysiologyRevealed.

Anatomy and Physiology Revealed has several ani-mations available to aid your study of different sys-tems. Watch for the Animation button at thebottom of the screen to be highlighted, which indi-cates that an animation is available for the specificstructure(s) you are viewing.

M U S C U L A R S Y S T E M : H E A D A N D N E C K

EXERCISE 3.1: Skeletal Muscle—Head andNeck, Anterior View

• Insert Anatomy and Physiology RevealedSkeletal / Muscular CD, or, if you are still in theAnimation section, click the Dissection

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C H A P T E R 3 The Muscular System

50

button at the bottom of thescreen, and skip the next step.

• In the Home screen, select theDissection button in the leftportion of the screen. You mayclick either on the Dissectionbutton or on the word itself.

• On the SELECT A VIEWwindow that appears, click on theSelect region button.

• Choose Head and neck fromthe menu.

• The Select view menu will nowbecome available. Click here andchoose the Anterior view.

• The GO button will now flashgreen. Click on it, and the screenat right will appear.

• Click on TAG 1, and the following screen willappear:

• Mouse-over the blue pins on the screen to find theinformation necessary to fill in the followingblanks:

A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

AA

B

C

A

B

CAA

B

C DE F

GH

I

A

B

C DE F

GH

I

C H E C K P O I N T :

Head and Neck, Anterior View

1. Name the ridge superior to each orbit on theanterior side.

2. What bone is that ridge part of?3. What is the name of the shallow midline

groove of the upper lip?

• Now click on TAG 2 and the followingimage will appear:

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• Mouse-over the blue pins on the screen tofind the information necessary to fill in thefollowing blanks:

A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

D._______________________________________

E. _______________________________________

F.________________________________________

G._______________________________________

H._______________________________________

I.________________________________________


Head and Neck, Anterior View, cont’d

4. Name the muscle that closes the eye whenwinking or blinking.

5. Name the muscle responsible for compres-sion of the cheek as in inflating a balloon orplaying a wind instrument.

6. Name the muscle that closes and protrudesthe lips.

• Now click on TAG 3, and the followingimage will appear:

AA BC

DE

F

A BC

DE

F


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

D._______________________________________

E. _______________________________________

F.________________________________________



7. Name two muscles whose insertion is thehyoid bone.

8. Name the muscle responsible for depressionof the angle of the mouth to grimace.

9. Name the muscle responsible for depressionof the lower lip while pouting.

• Now click on TAG 4, and the followingimage will appear:

AA

B

C

D E F

A

B

C

D E F

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A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

D._______________________________________

E. _______________________________________

F.________________________________________



10. The roots of the brachial plexus are locatedbetween the anterior and posterior__________ muscles.

11. Name a muscle responsible for elevation ofthe larynx and depression of the hyoidbone.

12. Name the four infrahyoid muscles.

Correlated Animations: Frontalis,Levator Labii Superioris AlaequeNasi, Orbicularis Oculi,Orbicularis Oris, andSternocleidomastoid

• Click on the ANIMATIONS button at the bottomof the screen.

• In the Select topic menu, select Muscleactions.

• In the Select animation menu, select and viewthe following animations:

– Frontalis– Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi– Orbicularis oculi– Orbicularis oris– Sternocleidomastoid

EXERCISE 3.2: Skeletal Muscle—Head andNeck, Lateral View

• Insert Anatomy and Physiology RevealedSkeletal / Muscular CD, or, if you are still inthe Animation section, click the Dissectionbutton at the bottom of the screen, and skip thenext step.

• In the Home screen, select the Dissectionbutton in the left portion of the screen. You mayclick either on the Dissection button or on theword itself.

• On the SELECT A VIEW window that appears,click on the Select region button.

• Choose Head and neck from the menu.

• The Select view menu will now become avail-able. Click here and choose the Lateral view.

• The GO button will now flash green. Click on it,and the head and neck lateral view screen willappear.

• Click on TAG 1 , and the following image willappear:

AA

B

A

B


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________


Head and Neck, Lateral View

1. What location on the mandible provides anattachment site for the masseter muscle?

2. What other muscle attaches at this point?

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AA

B

C

D

E

F

GH

I

J

K

A

B

C

D

E

F

GH

I

J

K

• Click on TAG 2, and the following screenwill appear:


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

D._______________________________________

E. _______________________________________

F.________________________________________

G._______________________________________

H._______________________________________

I.________________________________________

J.________________________________________

K. _______________________________________


Head and Neck, Lateral View, cont’d

3. Name the muscle responsible for elevation ofthe upper lip in a sneer.

4. Name the two muscles responsible for eleva-tion of the upper lip in a smile.

5. Name the muscle that elevates and creasesthe skin of the neck as well as depresses thelower lip and the angle of the mouth.


AA

B

C

D E

F G

H I

J

A

B

C

D E

F G

H I

J


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

D._______________________________________

E. _______________________________________

F.________________________________________

G._______________________________________

H._______________________________________

I.________________________________________

J.________________________________________

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AA BC

D EF G

HI

J KLM

NO PQ

A BC

D EF G

HI

J KLM

NO PQ


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

D._______________________________________

E. _______________________________________

F.________________________________________

G._______________________________________

H._______________________________________

I.________________________________________

J.________________________________________

K. _______________________________________

L. ______________________________________



6. Name a muscle with two bellies (superiorand inferior) joined by an intermediatetendon.

7. What is a raphe?8. What is the “kissing muscle”?


M. _____________________________________

N. _____________________________________

O. _____________________________________

P. ______________________________________

Q. _____________________________________



9. Name a muscle responsible for the protru-sion of the mandible.

10. Name a muscle responsible for the eleva-tion of the scapula, as in shrugging theshoulders.

11. Name the muscle involved in abduction ofthe eyeball.


AA

B

C

D

EF

G

A

B

C

D

EF

G


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

D._______________________________________

E. _______________________________________

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F.________________________________________

G._______________________________________



12. Name the muscle involved with adductionof the eyeball.

13. Name the muscle whose tendon passesthrough a trochlea.

14. Which muscle allows you to stick out yourtongue?

Correlated Animations: Frontalis,Levator Labii Superioris AlaequeNasi, Orbicularis Oculi,Orbicularis Oris, andSternocleidomastoid

• Click on the ANIMATIONS button at the bot-tom of the screen.



– Frontalis– Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi– Orbicularis oculi– Orbicularis oris– Sternocleidomastoid

EXERCISE 3.3: Skeletal Muscles—Head andNeck, mid-Sagittal view

• Insert Anatomy and Physiology RevealedSkeletal / Muscular CD, or, if you are still in theAnimation section, click the DISSECTIONbutton at the bottom of the screen, and skip thenext step.


• On the SELECT A VIEW window that appears,click on the Select region button.

• Choose Head and neck from the menu.

• The Select view menu will now become avail-able. Click here and choose the Mid-sagittalview.

• The GO button will now flash green. Click on it,and the mid-sagittal view will appear.


AA B

CD

EF

A B

CD

EF


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

D._______________________________________

E. _______________________________________

F.________________________________________


Mid-Sagittal View

1. Name the muscular structure that separatesthe oropharynx from the nasopharynx.

2. Name a muscle that blends with the muscula-ture of the tongue.

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A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

EXERCISE 3.4: Skeletal Muscle—Head andNeck, Posterior View

• Insert Anatomy and Physiology RevealedSkeletal / Muscular CD, or, if you are already inthe Dissection section, click the CHANGEVIEW at the top of the screen, and skip the nextstep.


• In the SELECT A VIEW window that appears,click on the Select region button.

• Choose Head and neck from the menu, if it’snot already selected.

• The Select view menu will now become avail-able. Click here and choose the Posterior view.

• The GO button will now flash green. Click on it,and the posterior view will appear.


AA BA B


Head and Neck, Posterior View

1. Name the three muscles that attach to themastoid process.

2. What is the attachment point for the nuchalligament to the skull?


AA

B C

D

A

B C

D


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

D._______________________________________


Head and Neck, Posterior View, cont’d

3. Name two muscles attached to the nuchalligament.

4. Name the two origins and the one insertionfor the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

5. Name the large superficial muscle locatedfrom the posterior neck to the shoulders andthe posterior midline.

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AA

B C

A

B C


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________


AAA

• Mouse-over the blue pin on the screen to find theinformation necessary to fill in the followingblank:

A. _______________________________________


AA BA B


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________


Head and Neck, Posterior View, cont’d

6. Name a muscle responsible for elevation ofthe pharynx during swallowing.

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I N R E V I E W

Self-Test• From the opening screen or the present screen, click

on the SELF-TEST button.• From the Select test topic menu, select Muscles.• From the Select region menu, select Head and

neck.• From the Select test type menu, select Multiple

choice.• Answer the questions listed, and when finished, click

on the END TEST button.• You can save your results to document your progress

as you learn the structures in Anatomy and Physi-

ology Revealed by clicking the SAVE RESULTSbutton.

• Now click Take new test and clear results ,and select Muscles.

• Again, click Head and neck.• Click Structure identification.• Answer the questions listed, and when finished, click

on the END TEST button.• Again, you can save your results to document your

progress as you learn the structures in Anatomy andPhysiology Revealed by clicking the SAVERESULTS button.

I N R E V I E W

What Have I Learned?

The following questions cover the material thatyou have just learned: the muscles of the headand neck. Use the STRUCTURE INFORMA-

TION to answer these questions:

1. Name a muscle responsible for elevation of thelarynx.

2. Name the muscle that flares the nostrils.

3. The scapula is elevated by which muscles?

4. When this muscle contracts, the head rotates sothat the face turns downward and to the oppo-site side.

5. Name three muscles responsible for closing themouth.

6. Name three muscles responsible for depressionof the hyoid bone.

7. What muscle is responsible for flexion of thehead to look downward?

8. Name the group of muscles responsible for theperistaltic waves of swallowing.

9. Name three muscles involved in moving thetongue.

10. Name the muscle involved in elevating the eye-brow and creasing the skin of the forehead.

11. Name a muscle responsible for depression of thelarynx.

12. There is a muscle complex that lies deep to thescalp from the forehead to the posterior skull.What is the name of that complex, and the twomuscles that it is made of?

13. List all of the muscles involved with eye move-ment, and describe the movement involvedwith each muscle.

14. Name the anatomical structure commonlycalled the “chin.”


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M U S C U L A R S Y S T E M :

Trunk, Shoulder Girdle, and Upper Limb

EXERCISE 3.5: Skeletal Muscle—Thorax,Anterior View

• Insert Anatomy and Physiology RevealedSkeletal / Muscular CD, or, if you are still in theDissection section, click the CHANGE VIEWbutton at the top of the screen, and skip the nextstep.

• In the Home screen, select theDissection button in the leftportion of the screen. You mayclick either on the Dissectionbutton or on the word itself.

• In the SELECT A VIEWwindow that appears, click on theSelect region button.

• Choose Thorax from the menu.

• The Select view menu willnow show Anterior view.

• The GO button will flash green.Click on it, and the screen atright will appear.

• Click on TAG 1 and the following screen willappear:

AA

B C

A

B C

DD


A._______________________________________

B._______________________________________

C. ______________________________________

D. ______________________________________


Thorax, Anterior View

1. What is the name for the inferior border ofcostal cartilages 7–10?

2. What structures attach to this location?3. What are the two names for the shallow

notch in the superior border of themanubrium, visible superficially?

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• Click on TAG 2 and the following screenwill appear:


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

D._______________________________________

E. _______________________________________


AA

B

C

D

E

A

B

C

D

E


Thorax, Anterior View, cont’d

4. Name the muscle involved with adduction,extension, and medial rotation of thehumerus.

5. Name the muscle involved with abduction,flexion, extension, lateral, and medial rota-tion of the humerus.

6. What is the name for the fibrous compart-ment enclosing the rectus abdominis muscle?


AA

BC

D

A

BC

D


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

D._______________________________________


Thorax, Anterior View, cont’d

7. Name the muscle that consists of three to four bellies, separated by tendinous intersections.

8. Name the muscle with its origin at themedial clavicle and the manubrium of thesternum and its insertion at the mastoidprocess.

9. Name the muscle that stabilizes the scapulaand is involved in its lateral rotation.

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AA

B

A

B


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

Correlated Animations: Deltoid,Rectus Abdominis, andSternocleidomastoid




– Deltoid– Rectus abdominis– Sternocleidomastoid

• Click on the Dissection button at the bottom ofthe IMAGE AREA to return to the Dissectionsection.

I N R E V I E W


The following questions cover the material thatyou have just learned—the muscles of the tho-rax. Use the STRUCTURE INFORMATION

for the muscles you have learned in answering thesequestions:

1. Name the structure formed by the tendons ofthree abdominal muscles.

2. Name the three primary muscles of respiration.

3. Name the muscle responsible for the adduction,extension, and medial rotation of the humerus.

4. Name the two muscles that stabilize the scapula.

5. Name the muscle that is the site of intramuscu-lar injections of the arm.

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62

EXERCISE 3.6: Skeletal Muscle—Abdomen,Anterior View

• Insert Anatomy and Physiology RevealedSkeletal / Muscular CD, or, if you are still inthe Dissection section, click the CHANGEVIEW button at the top of the screen, and skipthe next step.



• Choose Abdomen from the menu.

• The Select view menu will now showAnterior view.

• The GO button will now flash green. Click on it.

• When the superficial abdomen screen appears,click on TAG 2 and the following screen willappear:


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

D._______________________________________

AB

C

D EF

AB

C

D EF


Abdomen, Anterior View

1. Name the common site for male inguinalhernias.

2. Opening the abdominal wall by incisionthrough the ____________ avoids cuttingmuscle fibers.

3. What abdominal muscle has its fibers run-ning at right angles to the internal abdomi-nal oblique?


AB

C

AB

C

E. _______________________________________

F.________________________________________


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

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Abdomen, Anterior View, cont’d

4. Name the structures that subdivide the rectusabdominis muscle into three to four bellies.

5. What abdominal muscle has its fibers run-ning at right angles to the external abdomi-nal oblique?

6. Name the abdominal muscles in this viewimportant in straining and abdominalbreathing.


AA

B

A

B


A._______________________________________

B._______________________________________



7. Name the abdominal muscle whose fibersrun in a transverse plane.

8. What is the anatomical term for “flat ten-dons”?

9. What two structures come together to formthe linea alba?

AA

B

C

A

B

C



A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________



10. Name a muscle of the posterior abdominalwall involved in respiration.

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I N R E V I E W


The following questions cover the material thatyou have just learned, the muscles of the thorax.Use the STRUCTURE INFORMATION to

answer these questions:

1. Name the abdominal wall muscles responsiblefor abdominal breathing.

2. What is the term for a “seam” where two struc-tures meet?

3. Two individual muscles of the abdomen unite toform a single muscle, the most powerful flexorof the hip. Name those two individual musclesand the muscle they unite to form.

4. Two abdominal wall muscles have their struc-tures running at right angles to each other.What are those two muscles?

5. Name the abdominal wall muscles important instraining, such as while lifting.

Correlated Animation: Rectus Abdominis



• In the Select animation menu, select and viewthe following animation:

– Rectus abdominis

EXERCISE 3.7: Skeletal Muscle—Pelvis,Superior View

• Insert Anatomy and Physiology RevealedSkeletal / Muscular CD, or, if you are alreadyin the Dissection section, click the CHANGEVIEW button at the top of the screen, and skipthe next step.



• Choose Pelvis from the menu.

• The Select view menu will show Superiorview.

• The GO button will now flash green. Click on it.

• When the anterior abdomen screen appears, clickon TAG 1, and the following screen will appear:

AAB

C

D

EF

GA

BC

D

EF

G


A._______________________________________

B._______________________________________

C. ______________________________________

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D. ______________________________________

E. _______________________________________

F. _______________________________________

G. ______________________________________

EXERCISE 3.8: Skeletal Muscle—Back, Posterior View

• Insert Anatomy and Physiology RevealedSkeletal / Muscular CD, or if you are alreadyin the Dissection section, click the CHANGEVIEW button at the top of the screen, and skipthe next step.



• Choose Back from the menu.

• The Select view menu will now showPosterior view.

• The GO button will flash green. Click on it.

• When the back screen appears, click on TAG 1,and the screen at right will appear.

I N R E V I E W


The following questions cover the material thatyou have just learned: the muscles of the pelvis.Use the STRUCTURE INFORMATION for the

muscles you have learned to answer these questions:

1. Name the pelvic muscle involved with lateralrotation of the femur and that exits the pelvisthrough the greater sciatic foramen.

2. Name the two muscles that make up the pelvicdiaphragm. What are their functions?

3. Name the structure that serves as the origin forpart of the levator ani muscle.

A

B C

A

B C


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

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A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________


Back, Posterior View, cont’d

4. Name the superficial “kite-shaped” muscle ofthe back that spans from the nuchal line ofthe occipital bone to vertebra T12.

A

B

C

A

B

C

5. Name the deep fascia whose attached struc-tures include the latissimus dorsi and erectorspinae muscles.

6. Name the superficial muscle whose namedescribes its location as it spans from theback to the side of the body.




7. Name two muscles involved in the retractionand elevation of the scapula.

8. Name a muscle that allows the shrugging ofthe shoulders.

AA

BC

D

A

BC

D


A._______________________________________

B._______________________________________

C. ______________________________________

D. ______________________________________


Back, Posterior View

1. Name the landmark for intramuscular injec-tions of the hip.

2. The shallow skin depression (dimple) in thelower back marks what point?

3. What is the name for the prominent surfaceprojection produced by the spinous processof vertebra C7?


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AA

B

A

B



A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________


AA

B

C D

A

B

C D


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

D._______________________________________



9. Name the muscle known as the “antigrav-ity muscle.”

10. The muscle in Check Point consists ofthree separate muscles. What are they?

Correlated Animation: Rectus Abdominis




– Rectus abdominis

EXERCISE 3.9: Skeletal Muscle—Shoulderand Arm, Anterior View

• Insert Anatomy and Physiology RevealedSkeletal / Muscular CD, or, if you are alreadyin the Animation section, click theDissection button at the bottom of the screen,and skip the next step.



• Choose Shoulder and arm from the menu.

• From the Select view menu, select Anteriorview.


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68

AA B

C

A B

C

• When the Shoulder and arm screen appears,click on TAG 1, and the following screen willappear:


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________


Shoulder and Arm, Anterior View

1. Name the structure referred to as the collarbone.

2. Name the structure that is the flattened, lat-eral part of the scapular spine.

3. What is the name for the triangular concavityof the anterior elbow?


AA

B

CD

A

B

CD


A._______________________________________

B._______________________________________

C. ______________________________________

D. ______________________________________


Shoulder and Arm, Anterior View, cont’d

4. Name the superficial muscle of the chest.5. Name the muscle that contributes to the

roundness of the shoulder.6. Name the mostly posterior muscle that has

its insertion at the clavicle and scapula.

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AA

B

C

D

E

A

B

C

D

E



A._______________________________________

B._______________________________________

C. ______________________________________

D. ______________________________________

E. _______________________________________



7. Name the muscle of the arm that has twoheads.

8. Name the tough fibrous envelope that sur-rounds the joint where the arm attaches tothe pectoral girdle.

9. Name the two muscles referred to as the“pecs.”


AA

B

CD

E

F

G

H

A

B

CD

E

F

G

H


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

D._______________________________________

E. _______________________________________

F.________________________________________

G._______________________________________

H._______________________________________



10. Name the four rotator cuff muscles.11. What is the function of the rotator cuff

muscles?12. Name the muscle that is deep to the biceps

brachii.

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AAA

• Mouse-over the blue pin on the screen to findthe information necessary to fill in the fol-lowing blank:

A. _______________________________________

Correlated Animations: Biceps Brachii and Deltoid




– Biceps brachii– Deltoid

EXERCISE 3.10: Skeletal Muscle—Shoulderand Arm, Posterior View

• Insert Anatomy and Physiology RevealedSkeletal / Muscular CD, or, if you are alreadyin the Animation section, click theDISSECTION button at the bottom of thescreen, and skip the next step.




• Choose Shoulder and arm from the menu.

• From the Select view menu, select Posteriorview.


• When the Shoulder and arm screen appears,click on TAG 1, and the following screen willappear:

A

B

A

B


A._______________________________________

B._______________________________________


Shoulder and Arm, Posterior View

1. What is the name for the point of the elbow?2. What specific structure of what bone consti-

tutes the point of the elbow?3. Name the prominent ridge on the posterior

surface of the scapula.

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A

B

C

A

B

C



A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________


Shoulder and Arm, Posterior View, cont’d

4. Name the triangle-shaped muscle of theshoulder.

5. Name the large lateral muscle responsible foradduction, extension, and medial rotation ofthe humerus.

6. Name the muscle responsible for the eleva-tion, medial rotation, adduction, and depres-sion of the scapula.

• Click on TAG 3, and the screen at top rightwill appear.


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

D._______________________________________

E. _______________________________________

F.________________________________________

G._______________________________________

H._______________________________________

I.________________________________________

J.________________________________________

AA

B

C

D

E

FG

H

I

J

A

B

C

D

E

FG

H

I

J



7. Name the muscle of the arm with threeheads.

8. Name the muscle found in the infraspinousfossa of the scapula.

9. Name two muscles with their insertions onthe medial border of the scapula.

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10. Name the muscle located in thesupraspinous fossa of the scapula.

11. Name a muscle that holds the head of thehumerus in the glenoid cavity.

AA

B

A

B


A._______________________________________

B._______________________________________


I N R E V I E W


The following questions cover the material thatyou have just learned—the muscles of the shoul-der and arm. Use the STRUCTURE INFORMA-

TION for the muscles you have learned to answerthese questions:

1. Name the landmark for intramuscular injectionsof the hip.

2. Name the superficial “kite-shaped” muscle of theback that spans from the nuchal line of theoccipital bone to vertebra T12.

3. Name the superficial muscle whose namedescribes its location as it spans from the back tothe side of the body.

4. Name two muscles involved in the retractionand elevation of the scapula.

5. Name a muscle that allows the shrugging of theshoulders.

6. Name the muscle known as the “antigravitymuscle”. What three muscles combine to formthis muscle?

7. Name the superficial muscle of the chest.

8. Name the muscle of the arm that has two heads.

9. Name the muscle of the arm that has threeheads.

10. Name the four rotator cuff muscles. What is thefunction of the these muscles?

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EXERCISE 3.11: Skeletal Muscles—Forearmand Hand, Anterior View

• Insert Anatomy and Physiology RevealedSkeletal / Muscular CD, or, if you are still inthe Animation section, click the Dissectionbutton at the bottom of the screen, and skip thenext step.



• Choose Forearm and hand from the menu.



• When the Forearm and hand screen appears,click on TAG 1 and the screen at right willappear.

I N R E V I E W Continued

11. Name the large lateral muscle responsible foradduction, extension and medial rotation of thehumerus.

12. Name the muscle responsible for the elevation,medial rotation, adduction and depression ofthe scapula.

13. Name a muscle that holds the head of thehumerus in the glenoid cavity.

AA

B C

A

B C


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

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AA

B

CD

E

F

G

A

B

CD

E

F

G



A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

D._______________________________________

E. _______________________________________

F.________________________________________

G._______________________________________


Forearm and Hand, Anterior View

1. Name three muscles that flex the wrist.2. Name two muscles that flex the elbow.3. Name the structure that forms the carpal

tunnel.

AA B

C D

E

A B

C D

E


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

D._______________________________________

E. _______________________________________


Forearm and Hand, Anterior View, cont’d

4. Name a muscle involved in the pronation ofthe forearm.

5. Name a muscle involved in the supination ofthe forearm.

6. Name a muscle involved with the extensionof the elbow.


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AA BA B


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________



7. Name the only muscle that flexes the distalinterphalangeal joint.

8. Name the only muscle that flexes the distalphalanx of the thumb.

9. What is the anatomical name for the thumb?

AA

B

A

B


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________



10. Name the thick sheet of connective tissuebetween the ulna and the radius.

11. What is its function?

EXERCISE 3.12: Skeletal Muscles—Forearmand Hand, Posterior View





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A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________


76

AA

B

A

B


• Choose Forearm and hand from the menu.



• When the Forearm and hand screen appears,click on TAG 1, and the following screen willappear:

AAA


A. _______________________________________


Forearm and Hand, Posterior View

1. What is the relationship between the retinac-ulum and the extensor tendons of theforearm?


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AA

B

CD

E

F

A

B

CD

E

F


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

D._______________________________________

E. _______________________________________

F.________________________________________


Forearm and Hand, Posterior View, cont’d

2. Name three muscles that extend the wrist.3. Name a muscle that assists in both pronation

and supination of the forearm.4. Name a muscle that extends the fifth finger.

AA

BCD E

A

BCD E


A._______________________________________

B._______________________________________

C. ______________________________________

D. ______________________________________

E. _______________________________________


Forearm and Hand, Posterior View, cont’d

5. Name a muscle that both extends andabducts the thumb.

6. Name two muscles that extend the thumb.7. Name a muscle that extends the second

finger.



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I N R E V I E W


The following questions cover the material thatyou have just learned—the muscles of the fore-arm and hand. Use the STRUCTURE INFOR-

MATION for the muscles you have learned to answerthese questions:

1. Name three muscles that flex the wrist.

2. Name two muscles that flex the elbow.

3. Name the structure that forms the carpal tunnel.

4. Name a muscle involved in the pronation of theforearm.

5. Name a muscle involved in the supination ofthe forearm.

6. What is the anatomical name for the thumb?

7. Name the thick sheet of connective tissuebetween the ulna and the radius. What is itsfunction?

8. Name three muscles that extend the wrist.

9. Name a muscle that both extends and abductsthe thumb.

EXERCISE 3.13: Skeletal Muscles - Wrist andHand, Anterior View




• Choose Wrist and hand from the menu.



• When the Wrist and hand screen appears,click on TAG 1 and the screen at right willappear.

AA

B

A

B


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

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Wrist and Hand, Anterior View

1. Name the thick, fleshy eminence at the baseof the first digit.

2. Name the thick, fleshy eminence at the baseof the fifth digit.


AA

B

C

A

B

C


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________


Wrist and Hand, Anterior View, cont’d

3. Name a muscle often missing on one or bothforearms.

A

B

C

D

E

F G

A

B

C

D

E

F G


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

D._______________________________________

E. _______________________________________

F.________________________________________

G._______________________________________



4. Name the three thenar muscles.5. Name the three hypothenar muscles.6. Which digits do each of the above muscles

act upon?


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A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

D._______________________________________

E. _______________________________________



10. Name the only muscle that flexes the distalphalanx of the first digit.

11. Name the only muscle that flexes the distalinterphalangeal joint of digits 2–5.

12. Name the distal pronator of the forearm.


80


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

D._______________________________________

E. _______________________________________



7. Name the muscles that both flex the metacar-pophalangeal joint and extend the interpha-langeal joints.

8. Name the muscle that allows the fifth fingerto touch the tip of the first finger.

9. Name the muscle that allows the tip of thefirst finger to touch the tips of the otherfingers.

A

B

C

D

E

A

B

C

D

E

A

B

C

D

E

A

B

C

D

E



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EXERCISE 3.14: Skeletal Muscles—Wrist andHand, Posterior View

• Insert Anatomy and Physiology RevealedSkeletal/Muscular CD, or, if you are alreadyin the Dissection section, click the CHANGEVIEW button at the top of the screen, and skipthe next step.



• Choose Wrist and hand from the menu.



• When the Wrist and hand screen appears,click on TAG 1, and the following screen willappear:

A

B

A

B


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________


Wrist and Hand, Posterior View

1. Flexion of which joint makes the knucklesprominent?

2. What structures are visible as the knuckles?



A. _______________________________________


Wrist and Hand, Posterior View, cont’d


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A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

D._______________________________________

E. _______________________________________

F.________________________________________

G._______________________________________

H._______________________________________

I.________________________________________

J.________________________________________

AB

C

D

EFG

H

I

J

AB

C

D

EFG

H

I

J

I N R E V I E W


The following questions cover the material thatyou have just learned—the muscles of the wristand hand. Use the STRUCTURE INFORMA-


1. Name the thick, fleshy eminence at the base ofthe first digit.

2. Name the thick, fleshy eminence at the base ofthe fifth digit.


4. Name the only muscle that flexes the distal pha-lanx of the first digit.

5. Flexion of which joint makes the knucklesprominent?

6. What structures are visible as the knuckles?


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EXERCISE 3.15: Skeletal Muscles—Hip andThigh, Anterior View




• Choose Hip and thigh from the menu.



• When the Hip and thigh screen appears, clickon TAG 1 and the following screen will appear:

AA

B

CD

A

B

CD


A._______________________________________

B._______________________________________

C. ______________________________________

D. ______________________________________


Hip and Thigh, Anterior View

1. Name the superficially visible anterior subcu-taneous end of the iliac crest.

2. Name the point of attachment for thequadriceps femoris muscles by way of thepatellar ligament.

3. Name the ligament that connects the patellato the tuberosity of the tibia.


AA

B

C

D

A

B

C

D


A._______________________________________

B._______________________________________

C. ______________________________________

D. ______________________________________

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Hip and Thigh, Anterior View, cont’d

4. Name the muscle whose origin is the anteriorsuperior iliac spine of the ilium and whoseinsertion is the proximal medial shaft of thetibia.

5. Name the four muscles of the quadricepsfemoris.

6. Name the most powerful flexor of the hipjoint.



A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________



7. Name the muscle of the thigh that is weak inhumans and used in muscle transplants.

8. Name the muscle often involved in a “pulledgroin.”


84

AAB

C

AB

C

AA

B

A

B



A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________


AA B

C

A B

C

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A._______________________________________

B._______________________________________

C. ______________________________________



9. Name the strongest ligament around thehip joint.

10. Name the ligament that resists excessiveabduction of the hip.

11. Name the ligament that resists hyperexten-sion of the hip joint.

Correlated Animations:Quadriceps Femoris




– Quadriceps femoris

EXERCISE 3.16: Skeletal Muscles—Hip andThigh, Posterior View

• Insert Anatomy and Physiology RevealedSkeletal/Muscular CD, or, if you are still inthe Animation section, click the Dissectionbutton at the bottom of the screen, click changeview and skip the next step.



• Choose Hip and thigh from the menu.

AAB

AB



• When the Hip and thigh screen appears, clickon TAG 1, and the following screen will appear:


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________


Hip and Thigh, Posterior View

1. Name the muscle whose tendon is the lateralhamstring.

2. Name the muscles whose tendons are themedial hamstring.

3. Name the structure that provides attachmentfor the fibular collateral ligament of the kneeand the biceps femoris muscle.

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AA

B

A

B


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________


Hip and Thigh, Posterior View, cont’d

4. Name a muscle of the posterior thigh that isnot important in walking.

5. Name a muscle of the posterior thigh that isimportant for powerful extension of thefemur as in running, climbing stairs, and ris-ing from the seated position.

6. Name the structure that provides attachmentfor the tensor fascia lata and gluteus max-imus muscles.

AA

BC

DE

A

BC

DE


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

D._______________________________________

E. _______________________________________



7. Name the two muscles that allow the non-weight-bearing limb to swing forward duringwalking.

8. Name the two heads of the biceps femoris.9. Name the largest nerve in the body.


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AA B

C D

E

F

GH

I J

A B

C D

E

F

GH

I J


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

D._______________________________________

E. _______________________________________

F.________________________________________

G._______________________________________

H._______________________________________

I.________________________________________

J.________________________________________



10. Name the structure that is an importantanchor of the sacrum to the hip bone.

11. Name the two components of the sciaticnerve.

AAA


A. _______________________________________



12. Name the thick fibrous band fused to theposterior surface of the hip joint capsule.

13. Name the ligament that resists hyperflexionof the hip.



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EXERCISE 3.17: Skeletal Muscles—Leg andFoot, Anterior View




• Choose Leg and foot from the menu.



• When the Leg and foot screen appears, click onTAG 1, and the screen at right will appear.

A

B

A

B

I N R E V I E W


The following questions cover the material thatyou have just learned—the muscles of the hipand thigh. Use the STRUCTURE INFORMA-


1. Name the four muscles of the quadricepsfemoris.

2. Name the most powerful flexor of the hip joint.

3. Name the muscle of the thigh that is weak inhumans and used in muscle transplants.

4. Name the muscle often involved in a “pulledgroin”.

5. Name the strongest ligament around the hipjoint.

6. Name a muscle of the posterior thigh that isimportant for powerful extension of the femuras in running, climbing stairs, and rising fromthe seated position.

7. Name the two muscles that allow the nonweight-bearing limb to swing forward duringwalking.

8. Name the two heads of the biceps femoris.

9. Name the thick fibrous band fused to the poste-rior surface of the hip joint capsule.


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

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Leg and Foot, Anterior View

1. Name the bony elevation of the anteriorproximal tibia.

2. Name the lateral subcutaneous projectionthat contributes to the ankle joint.


AA B

CD

E

F G

A B

CD

E

F G


A._______________________________________

B._______________________________________

C. ______________________________________

D. ______________________________________

E. _______________________________________

F. _______________________________________

G. ______________________________________


Leg and Foot, Anterior View, cont’d

3. What is the anatomical term for the first toe?4. The tendons of which muscles are subcuta-

neous on the dorsum of the foot?5. Name the structure that serves to bind in

place the tendons from the anterior compart-ment of the leg as they cross the ankle joint.


AA

BC D

E

F

GH

A

BC D

E

F

GH


A._______________________________________

B._______________________________________

C. ______________________________________

D. ______________________________________

E. _______________________________________

F. _______________________________________

G. ______________________________________

H. ______________________________________

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A

B

CD

E

A

B

CD

E


A._______________________________________

B._______________________________________

C. ______________________________________

D. ______________________________________

E. _______________________________________


Leg and Foot, Posterior View

1. Name the strongest tendon in the body.2. Give an example of this tendon’s strength

from the STRUCTURE INFORMATIONwindow.

3. Name the tendon also known as the“Achilles” tendon.


AA

B

A

B


Leg and Foot, Anterior View, cont’d

6. Name the thick sheet of connective tissuebetween the tibia and fibula.

7. What is the function of this sheet of connec-tive tissue?

8. Name the structures referred to as the“unhappy triad.”

EXERCISE 3.18: Skeletal Muscles—Leg andFoot, Posterior View




• Choose Leg and foot from the menu.



• When the Leg and foot screen appears, click onTAG 1 and the following screen will appear:


A._______________________________________

B._______________________________________

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Leg and Foot, Posterior View, cont’d

4. The tendons of which two muscles con-tribute to the calcaneal tendon?

5. Name the calf muscle that consists of amedial and a lateral belly.

6. Name the superficial calf muscle.


AA

B

A

B


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________



7. Name the calf muscle deep to the gastrocne-mius.

8. Name the long thin tendon that is a commonsource for tendon transplants.

AA

B

A

B

CD

E

CD

E


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________

D._______________________________________

E. _______________________________________



9. Name the muscle that helps “unlock” theknee joint from full extension.

10. Name the two structures that maintain theposition of the femur on the tibia in fullknee flexion such as squatting.

11. Name the powerful muscle for “push-off” ofthe foot during walking or running.


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AAB C

D E

F

G

AB C

D E

F

G


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

I N R E V I E W


The following questions cover the material thatyou have just learned—the muscles of the legand foot. Use the STRUCTURE INFORMA-


1. What is the anatomical term for the first toe?

2. Name the thick sheet of connective tissuebetween the tibia and fibula. 2. What is its func-tion?

3. Name the structure that serves to bind the ten-dons from the anterior compartment of the legin place as they cross the ankle joint.

4. Name the strongest tendon in the body.

5. The tendons of which two muscles contribute tothe calcaneal tendon?

6. Name the long thin tendon that is a commonsource for tendon transplants.

7. Name the powerful muscle for “push-off” of footduring walking or running.

8. Name the cruciate ligaments. Which of the twois thinner and weaker?




12. Name the thinner and weaker of the cruci-ate ligaments.

13. Name the cartilaginous structure on thetibia that articulates with the medialcondyle of the femur.

14. Name the structure that limits rotationbetween the femur and the tibia.

Correlated Animation:Gastrocnemius




– Gastrocnemius

C. _______________________________________

D._______________________________________

E. _______________________________________

F.________________________________________

G._______________________________________

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AAA

EXERCISE 3.19: Skeletal Muscles—Foot,Plantar View




• Choose Foot from the menu.

• Plantar view will then appear in the Selectview menu.


• When the Foot screen appears, click on TAG 1,and the following screen will appear:


A. _______________________________________


Foot, Plantar View

1. Name the structures that serve as contactpoints of the foot for weight bearing.


AAA


A. _______________________________________


Foot, Plantar View, cont’d

2. Name the structure that protects the muscles,vessels, and nerves of plantar foot.

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A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________



3. What is the anatomical term for the first toe?4. Name the muscle responsible for flexion of

toes 2–5.5. Name the muscle that supports the medial

longitudinal arch of the foot during weightbearing.

AA B CA B C


AAB

C

D

AB

C

D


A._______________________________________

B._______________________________________

C. ______________________________________

D. ______________________________________



6. Name two muscles located on the posteriorleg whose tendons run along the plantar foot.

7. Name a muscle of the foot that uses thetendons of another muscle to produce toeflexion.


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AA

B

C

A

B

C


A. _______________________________________

B. _______________________________________

C. _______________________________________



8. Name a muscle that resists separation(“spreading”) of the metatarsals duringweight bearing.

9. Name two muscles of the lateral leg whosemuscles run along the plantar foot.

10. Name a muscle responsible for adduction ofthe first toe.

I N R E V I E W


The following questions cover the material thatyou have just learned—the muscles of the plan-tar foot. Use the STRUCTURE INFORMATION

for the muscles you have learned to answer these ques-tions:

1. Name the structures that serve as contact pointsof the foot for weight bearing.

2. Name the structure that protects the muscles,vessels and nerves of plantar foot.

3. Name the muscle that supports the medial lon-gitudinal arch of the foot during weight-bearing.

4. Name a muscle that resists separation (“spread-ing”) of the metatarsals during Weight-bearing.


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CHAPTER The Muscular System - libvolume6.xyzlibvolume6.xyz/.../muscularsystem/muscularsystemtutorial2.pdf · The Muscular System Overview: Muscular System Without the skeletal muscular