Chapter1 Fundamentals of Microwave Engineering

Dr. Cuong HuynhTelecommunications DepartmentHCMUT

MICROWAVE INTERGRATED CIRCUITS

1

Huynh Phu Minh Cuong, PhD [email protected]

Department of Telecommunications

Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Ho Chi Minh city University of Technology

mailto:[email protected]

Dr. Cuong HuynhTelecommunications DepartmentHCMUT 2

Instructor: Cuong Huynh (PhD)

Office: 112 B3 , HCMUT

Office Hours: Friday 2:00-4:00 PM

E-mail: [email protected]

Textbook:

[1] David M. Pozar, “Microwave Engineering”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 4th ed.,

2012.

References:

[2] Gonzalez, “Microwave Transistor Amplifiers”, Prentice Hall, 2nd ed. 1997

[3] I.D. Robertson, S. Lucyszyn, “RFIC and MMIC Design and Technology”, The

Institution of Electrical Engineers, London, 2001

[4] Vũ Đình Thành, “Mạch Siêu Cao Tần”, NXB ĐHQG, 2006

[5] Vũ Đình Thành, “Kỹ Thuật Siêu Cao Tần”, NXB ĐHQG, 2004.


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[ơ1] Tai lieu chinh cua mon hoc ơ



Learning outcomes Understand effects of noise and nonlinearity distortion on microwave

systems and system parameters such as noise figure, input/output referred

noise, 1-dB compression point and third-order intercept point.

Analyze various microwave transceiver architectures and design system

parameters for microwave transceivers.

Analyze, design, fabricate and measure microwave passive components

such as power divider/combiner, directional coupler, hybrid coupler, circulator

and T/R switch.

Analyze, design, fabricate and measure microwave filters using distributed

elements.

Analyze, design, fabricate and measure microwave amplifiers including low

noise amplifier, broadband amplifier and power amplifier.

Analyze, design, fabricate and measure microwave mixers and oscillators.

Use microwave simulation soft-wares such as ADS, Cadence and SDH, and

equipments such as network analyzer, spectrum analyzer, synthesizer and noise

figure analyzer.



Grading

Homework 20% You are encouraged to work together with your classmates

on the homework. HW can be turned in via Email.

No late homework will be graded

Final Project 30% Report and PowerPoint presentation are required

Final Exams 50% Closed book

One single-sided A4 of notes is allowed



Outline

Chapter 1: Fundamentals of Microwave Engineering

Chapter 2: System Parameters and Transceiver

Architectures

Chapter 3: Power Dividers and Directional Couplers

Chapter 4: Microwave Amplifier

Chapter 5: Oscillators and Mixers

Chapter 6: Microwave Filters


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Mach chia va mach ghep


Huynh Phu Minh Cuong [email protected]

Department of Telecommunications

Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Ho Chi Minh city University of Technology

Chapter 1

Fundamentals of Microwave Engineering




Introduction

… and emerging applications !

Integrated Circuits (IC)

Is … the key driver behind the scene !

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Note

Tai sao phai họoc mon nay? Chu yeu khao sat va phan tich tan so co tan so 300MHz - 300GHz Ca huu tuyen va vo tuyen dieu can sieu cao tan, dt di dong, ve tinh, wifi.. rfid, radar, bluetood, cac he thong sensor xung quanh. Phan tich chu yeu dua vao ly thuyet anten va truyen song vi khi tan so len cao thi ly thuyet k con dung so voi tan so thap nua. Do tan so thap duoc ung dung boi 1 so dich vu nen can phai nghien cuu ve tan so cao. Tai sao phai dung sieu cao tan? Trong sieu cao tan co 1 vai linh kien khong the thuc hien va hoat dong tot nhu: cuon day (do cuon day co dien tro ton hao mat noi tiep dien cam, dac biet tan so cang cao thi dien tro cang lon do hieu ung da R = (r.l)/s. vd: Trong cac he thong dai truyen hinh dung so day cap rat lon truyen tu dai len anten, dac biet soi day rong va dua nuoc vao ong day de tan nhiet O tan so cao thi cuon day hinh thanh cac tu dien ky sinh luc do khong con la cuon day nua ma bien thanh tu dien, khi tang len cang cao tro khang ngo vao tuong duong vo cung Truoc the chien 2 sieu cao tan dung: cap dong truc, den ong chay va ong dan song.

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Completed set by Administrator

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Cancelled set by Administrator

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Accepted set by Administrator


Introduction


Introduction

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Den luc nay da co cac thiet bi sieu cao tan nen thiet bi vo tuyen tuong doi nho.


Introduction

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Oval

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Oval

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thiet bi cao tan


Introduction


Introduction

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lo vi song tan so 2.45 GHz

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Face radar hay con duoc goi la con mat cua may bay

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Hang nam co rat nhieu hoi nghi sieu cao tan va tap chi, tap chi tot nhat hien nay IEEE va T_MTT (Transitor on Microwave Theory and Technique), doctor phai co den 2 bai bao tren tap chi nay.


Introduction

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Hinh nay mo ta cau truc cua may sieu cao tan hien dai, BPF mach loc thong day. Thiet ke he thong va cac thanh phan mach: LNA, mach loc, Mixer...nghien cuu cau truc ben trong gom nhung thanh phan gi? Sieu cao tan mach roi va thiet ke vi mach.

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1.1 Fundamentals of microwave engineering

Transmission lines

. .( ) . .x xV x V e V e

0

1 ( )( )

1 ( )

xZ x Z

x

2( ) ( ). dx l e

0

0

( ) L

L

Z Zl

Z Z

00

0

. . ( )( )

. . ( )

L

L

Z j R tg dZ x R

R j Z tg d

. .

0 0

( ) l lV VI l e e

Z Z

1

1S VSWR

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Duong day truyen song no khong don gian la ten cua duong truyen ma no con la ly thuyet dung de hien thuc cac thanh phan nhu L hay C hay mach loc, con duoc dung de tao coupler, bo chia cong suat, mach phoi hop tro khang gom cac phan tu phan bo (khac phan tu tap trung).

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He so phan xa tai Zl tai

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He so phan xa tai 1 diem bat ky

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He so song dung



Smith chart

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Do thi Smitch duoc dung rat nhieu trong sieu cao tan co 3 loai: tro khang, dan nap, tro khang va dan nap. thuong dung do thi co tro khang va dan nap. On lai cac mach phoi hop tro khang (tat ca cac mach khuech dai khac nhau o mach phoi hop tro khang)

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Typewriter

Can tim hieu ky ve cac loai mach phoi hop tro khang



Impedance Matching

Using lump elements

Using transmission line

ADS Smith chart tool

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Mach phoi hop tro khang



Scattering Parameters

At microwave regime: S-parameters

matrix, defined in terms of traveling

waves, is used instead.

The scattering matrix represents the

relation between the voltage incident

waves on the ports to voltage reflected

wave from the ports.

S-parameters are measured with

matched loads rather than open- or

short-circuits.

At microwave frequencies, matched

loads are relatively easy to realize.

S-parameters are measured using

Vector Network Analyzer (VNA).

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Note

thong so S (ma tran tan xa): dung de bieu dien moi quan he giua song toi va song phan xa trong mach dien sieu cao tan. Ho mach trong cao tan thuong k ly tuong do ngay tạai diem dau cuoi ho mach thuong co H va E nen tuong duong C Thuong tin Z dung ho mach, I thuong ngan mach nhung trong sieu cao tan tinh bang cach gan them z tai tai thuong cho do 9 xac hon


S-Parametter Definition

V+n is the incident voltage wave on port n

V− n is the reflected voltage wave from port n.

The scattering matrix, or [S] matrix, is defined in relation to these incident

and reflected voltage waves.

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Thanh phan dien ap toi bao gom: cua chinh nguon va nguon tu nhung cua khac

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Rectangle

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Rectangle

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Arrow


S-Parametter Definition

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Tinh duoc S11 chịinh la he so phan xa ngo vao voi dieu kien ngo ra co phoi hop tro khang Z0 bang cach ket thuc tai bang Z0 de dam bao rang khong co song phan xa nguoc tro ve, luc do V2+ = 0


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S11 vao 1 ra 1 =0 tin hieu vao cua so 1 ra 1 bang 0 S21 vao 1 ra 2 = 1 tin hieu vao cua so 1 ra het cua so 2 S31 vao 1 ra 3 = 0 tin hieu vao 1 nhung ra cua 3 Day la mach CIR vao 1 ra 2 ra 3 khong ra 1 Ung dung trong radar de biet chuong ngay vat o cach chung ta bao nhieu khi tin hieu vao may thu



Example: Find [S]


1.2 Technology and device for microwave integrated circuits

Target: smaller size, lighter weight, lower power requirements, lower cost,

and increased complexity.

Microwave integrated circuits (MICs) Technology replace bulky and

expensive waveguide and coaxial components with small and inexpensive planar

components.

MIC technology has advanced to the point where complete microwave

subsystems, such as receiver front ends and radar transmit/receive modules, can be

integrated on a chip that is only a few square millimeters in size.

Hybrid MICs

MIC

MMIC/RFIC Hybrid Microwave Integrated Circuits

Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits

Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits



Hybrid MICs MMIC/RFIC


The metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect

transistor (MOSFET) was first patented

by Julius Edgar Lilienfeld in 1925, well before

the invention of BJT.

Due to the fabrication limitation, MOSFET

has not been used until the early years of 1960s.

CMOS (Complementary MOS p- and n-type

device) was patented by Frank Wanlass in 1967,

initiating a revolution in the semiconductor

industry.

CMOS initially dominates in the digital

circuit/systems while others for analog.

Why CMOS now ? Low cost, high integration

and solution for SOC.


Technology CMOS

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Edgar_Lilienfeld





http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Wanlass





CMOS Technology

CMOS Transistors

Interconnect

Diodes

Resistors

Capacitors

Inductors

Bipolar Transistors



CMOS Technology Intel 45 nm CMOS Process



Microwave Devices

DIODES

BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS

FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS

Capacitor

Inductor


Microwave devices



NMOS Transistor



PMOS Transistor



Interconnect



Diode



Resistor



Capacitor



Inductor



Circuit Simulator: ADS, Cadence

EM simulator: Momentum, HFSS,IE3D, CST, SONET

1.3 Microwave simulation tools

Documents

Chapter1 Fundamentals of Microwave Engineering