57
3 3 Introduction to C Introduction to C++ ++ Programming Programming Watcharin Puangplia 01/07/2554

chapter3

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

แนะนำการเขียนด้วยโปรแกรม C++

Citation preview

Page 1: chapter3

����� ����� 33

������ ��������������������� ���������������

����� ����� 33

������ ��������������������� ��������������������������� ������������

Introduction to CIntroduction to C++++ ProgrammingProgrammingWatcharin Puangplia 01/07/2554

Page 2: chapter3

2

,����-./��,����-./��

1. �������2-��3� 4-�52. �������� �78-94��3. -3��;���� -�5�;�4. 2�7�-9,��� �3���4. 2�7�-9,��� �3���

Page 3: chapter3

3

1. �������2-��3� 4-�5����������� �!" #$"%&$!'(�)*+,�)-'./!0)12�����$3�,0�-� �0,)�4�14�1!" #$561741- (Programming) �() 4�1!" #$�����������,/#=�>��)-'./!0)12=�>�*�=�>�+$%�� !�?$ FORTRAN, COBOL, PASCAL, C, C++,C++, Java !6N$0,$ =�>�*�=�>�+$%�� !�?$ FORTRAN, COBOL, PASCAL, C, C++,C++, Java !6N$0,$ "�&$0)$����,�#OP0,)�- 4�176Q*+,!6N$=�>�� ��)-'./!0)12!",�*O!� #4?)$

Page 4: chapter3

4

*$=�>�R 'Q��'Q��OP!" #$561741-5�#4�1!1 #4*�,561741-#?)#70?QP��� � �!1 #4/?� ST�42��$ (Function)*$+$%��561741-)�O61P4)U�,/#+Q�#ST�42��$4V3�, 70?QPST�42��$OP0�&��(�)/?�)P314V

2. ���������������� �78-94��

*$+$%��561741-)�O61P4)U�,/#+Q�#ST�42��$4V3�, 70?QPST�42��$OP0�&��(�)/?�)P314V3�,561741-=�>�R 'Q��'Q��� ���-�1W�����$ (Execute) 3�,OP0,)�- )#?��$,)# 1 ST�42��$ �(�)/?� main

Page 5: chapter3

5

int main(void){

�=����>?9�5@�� main

int main(){

,�7-

{

return 0;}

.

..

,�� ,4;

{

return 0;}

.

..

- ST�42���$ main !6N$ST�42���$+Q�4� �0,)�- )#\?!�-)*$561741--.�� - !6N$���!",�")�561741- 7QP- +$,�� ������$0�-�������� �!" #$3/, +1()36!1 #4ST�42���$#?)#)(�$ ] (W,�- ) O�4$�&$7���^QQ�'_2))4-����O)=�' 7QP����,�#OP�($�?� 0 !'(�)U)4/?�561741-$ &3�,�����$!�1VO7Q,/ 561741-4VOPW\46̀�5�#)�05$-�0. - ST�42���$ main )#\?=�#*$")U!"0!�1(�)�+-�# { } - +$,�� �+Q�4*$4�1����������0?�� ] =�#*$")U!"0 !�?$ '.-'2",)�/�- !-(�)!�1VOST�42���$$ &7Q,/ OP�($�?� 0

Page 6: chapter3

1. ���9 Source File : - 3SQ2",)�/�- (Text File) � �W\4!" #$"%&$0�- Syntax ")�=�>�R 'Q��'Q��

6

��8�4-������9�����������������������

- 3SQ2",)�/�- (Text File) � �W\4!" #$"%&$0�- Syntax ")�=�>�R 'Q��'Q��- - $�-�4�Q!6N$ .cpp

Page 7: chapter3

7

�)-3'!Q)12=�>�R 'Q��'Q�� (C++ Compiler) OP76Q�",)�/�-� �)#\?*$ Source File *+,4Q�#!6N$1+��� �!�1(�)��)-'./!0)12!",�*O7QP!4VU3/,*$) 43SQ2+$%��!1 #4/?� Object File

2. ������� (Compile)

+$%��!1 #4/?� Object File

3. ���3925 (Link) 0�/!�(�)- (Linker) OP01/O�)UO�4 Object File /?�- 4�1!1 #4*�,ST�42��$-�01h�$� �)#\?*$ C++ Library +1()3-?1/-ST�42��$-�01h�$!+Q?�$�&$!",�4�U Object File1/-ST�42��$-�01h�$!+Q?�$�&$!",�4�U Object File^Q")�4�1Q.��2 OP3�,!6N$3SQ2� ������$3�, (Execute File)

Page 8: chapter3

8

C++ Program EnvironmentC++ Program Environment

Object File Computer Execute FileComputer

C++ Compiler Linker C++ Library

Source File

Page 9: chapter3

9

2���9���@;�2���9

2���9 (Statement)�() "�&$0)$*$4�1�����$+$%��"�&$0)$ ��4�������OP0,)�OU�,/#!�1(�)�+-�# ; !�?$�() "�&$0)$*$4�1�����$+$%��"�&$0)$ ��4�������OP0,)�OU�,/#!�1(�)�+-�# ; !�?$

cout<<"Hello World ! \n";

��;R�2���9 (Compound Statement) �() �������+Q�#] �������� �)#\?=�#*$!�1(�)�+-�#6j44� !�?$

int main(){

cout<<"Hello World ! \n"; return 0;

}

Page 10: chapter3

10

0�/761 �() �(�)� � \̂,!" #$561741-0�&�"%&$-� !'(�)*�,),��).�'(&$� �!4VU",)-\Q*$+$?/#�/�-O��

4����� (Variable)

+$?/#�/�-O��"$��")�0�/761OP"%&$)#\?4�U�$.�0�/761 !�?$ int, char, float, double 0�/761 0,)�)#\?����,�$"/�")�!�1(�)�+-�#!�?�4�U (=) !�-)

����� !"#$ $%#"&&'()*%+ '�,� (X�45)

char 0�/)�4>1 1 0�/ 1char 0�/)�4>1 1 0�/ 1

int O��$/$!0V- 4

float O��$/$O1.� (�n$.#- 6 0��7+$?�) 4

double O��$/$O1.� (�n$.#- 12 0��7+$?�) 8

Page 11: chapter3

11

@�3�4����� (Variable Type) (con.)

char -> !6N$0�/761� �*�,���+1�U!4VU",)-\Q� �!6N$0�/)�4>1"$�� 10�/)�4>1 5�#*�, char -> !6N$0�/761� �*�,���+1�U!4VU",)-\Q� �!6N$0�/)�4>1"$�� 10�/)�4>1 5�#*�, !$(&)� �*$4�1O��!4VU 1 3U02 0�/)#?��!�?$ rMt, rIt, rTt, r1t, r?tint -> !6N$0�/761� �*�,���+1�U4�1!4VU�?�")�0�/!Q"� �!6N$O��$/$!0V-� �- �?�1P+/?��-2147483648 W%� 2147483649 5�#*�,!$(&)� �*$4�1O��!4VU",)-\Q 4 3U02 0�/)#?��!�?$ -5,-10, 2000 , 24571 !6N$0,$long -> OP!6N$0�/761� �!4VU�?�!6N$O��$/$!0V-� �- O��$/$3U02!6N$ 2 !�?�")�O��$/$!�.- (-�4OP*�,!6N$���$��+$,�")�0�/761 !�?$ long int)!�.- (-�4OP*�,!6N$���$��+$,�")�0�/761 !�?$ long int)float -> !6N$0�/761� �*�,!4VU",)-\Q� �!6N$!Q"�n$.#- 5�#OP!4VU)#\?*$1\6")� a.b x 10^e *�,'(&$� �*$4�1O��!4VU",)-\Q 4 3U02 - �?�1P+/?�� 3.4E-38 W%� 3.4E+38 +1() 7���!6N$!Q"�n$.#-3�,3-?!4.$ 6 0��7+$?� 0�/)#?��0�/761�$.�$ & !�?$ 10.625, -6.67

Page 12: chapter3

12

Double -> !6N$0�/761� �!4VU",)-\Q� �!6N$!Q"�n$.#-!+-()$4�U float 70?OP*�,'(&$� �*$

@�3�4����� (Variable Type) (con.)

Double -> !6N$0�/761� �!4VU",)-\Q� �!6N$!Q"�n$.#-!+-()$4�U float 70?OP*�,'(&$� �*$4�1O��!4VU-�44/?�!�.- 2 !�?��() 8 3U02 - �?�1P+/?�� 1.7E-308 W%� 1.7E+308unsigned -> 7���/?�!6N$0�/761� �!4VU�?�!6N$O��$/$!0V-7UU3-?�.�!�1(�)�+-�# (OP- �?�!6N$U/4!�?�$�&$) -�4*�,!6N$���$��+$,�0�/761 0�/)#?��4�1*�,��$ !�?$ unsigned int $�&$) -�4OP*�,!6N$���$��+$,�0�/761 0�/)#?��4�1*�,��$ !�?$ unsigned intunsigned int

Page 13: chapter3

13

��4�89@7�-4�����

)�4>10�/714OP0,)�!6N$0�/)�4>1=�>�)��4{> +1()!�1(�)�+-�# _ (under scroll )�4>10�/714OP0,)�!6N$0�/)�4>1=�>�)��4{> +1()!�1(�)�+-�# _ (under scroll character)��-�1W0�&��(�)0�/7615�#*�,0�/!Q"1?/-4�U0�/)�4>1=�>�)��4{>3�, 70?+,�-*�,0�/!Q"!6N$0�/)�4>10�/714=�>� C++ OP!6N$61P!=� Case sensitive 0�/)�4>1=�>�)��4{>0�/'.-'2!QV47QP0�/'.-'2*+}?W()!6N$�$QP0�/4�$ !�?$ name 4�U NAME0�/'.-'2*+}?W()!6N$�$QP0�/4�$ !�?$ name 4�U NAME

Page 14: chapter3

14

��4�89@7�-4�����

auto default float register struct volatile void+,�-0�&��(�)R&��4�U�����/$ (Keywords) R%��!6N$���� �- )#\?7Q,/*$=�>�R 'Q��'Q�� !�?$auto default float register struct volatile voidbreak do for return switch while static case double goto short typedef char longelse if signed union const enum externint sizeof unsigned continue

0�/)#?��!�?$0�/)#?��!�?$ number student_id

2value floatgrade1 _score

Page 15: chapter3

15

������.4�����

4?)$� �OP*�,��$0�/761*�] OP0,)�- 4�161P4�n0�/761��4�1�&�1\67UU4�161P4�n0�/761:1\67UU4�161P4�n0�/761:

type identifier;

5�#� � type �() �$.�",)-\Q� �0�/761$�&$OP!4VU3/,*$+$?/#�/�-O���)-'./!0)12 identifier �() �(�)0�/761

4��-�R9 @R�4��-�R9 @R�int number;char grade;

Page 16: chapter3

16

������.4����� (4R-)

+�40,)�4�161P4�n0�/761� �- �$.�!� #/4�$+Q�#] 0�/ ��-�1W!" #$3�,*$�������!� #/5�#*�,!�1(�)�+-�# , ���$1P+/?��0�/761 !�?$5�#*�,!�1(�)�+-�# , ���$1P+/?��0�/761 !�?$

type identifier1, identifier2, `;

int width;int high;

+1() int width, high ;+1() int width, high ;

Page 17: chapter3

17

���,��2Ra,����4�����

*�,!�1(�)�+-�# = 0�/)#?��!�?$0�/)#?��!�?$

int score;score = 80;

+-�#W%� 4��+$�*+,0�/761 score - �?�!�?�4�U 80O�4�������0?)36$ &

int a,b,c;int a,b,c;a = 2;b = 3;c = a + b;

O�+��?�")�0�/761 c C = C = 55

Page 18: chapter3

18

O�4�������0?)36$ & O�4�������0?)36$ &

4��-�R9���,��2Ra,����4�����

O�4�������0?)36$ &int a,b;a = 2;a = 5;b = a + 4;

O�4�������0?)36$ &int a;a = 2;a = a + 3;

b=b=66

oror

b=b=99

a=a=22

oror

a=a=55

O�+��?�")�0�/761 b O�+��?�")�0�/761 a

Page 19: chapter3

19

4��-�R9���,��2Ra,����4�����

int a;▫ �/�-+-�#�() 61P4�n0�/761 a !6N$0�/761� �*�,���+1�U!4VU�?�� �!6N$!Q"O��$/$▫ �/�-+-�#�() 61P4�n0�/761 a !6N$0�/761� �*�,���+1�U!4VU�?�� �!6N$!Q"O��$/$!0V-� �- �?�)#\?1P+/?�� -2147483648 W%� 2147483649

int a, b, c, d ;▫ �/�-+-�#�() 61P4�n0�/761 a, b, c, d !6N$0�/761� �*�,���+1�U!4VU�?�� �0�/!Q"O��$/$!0V-� �- �?�)#\?1P+/?�� -2147483648 W%� 2147483649 !1���-�1W61P4�n0�/761 �$.�!� #/4�$3�,+Q�#] 0�/*$4�161P4�n0�/761�1�&�+$%��]

unsigned M;▫ �/�-+-�#�() 61P4�n0�/761 M *+,!6N$0�/761�$.� unsigned intunsigned M;▫ �/�-+-�#�() 61P4�n0�/761 M *+,!6N$0�/761�$.� unsigned intint num1=8;▫ �/�-+-�#�() 61P4�n0�/761 num1 !6N$0�/761� �!4VU�?�0�/!Q"O��$/$!0V- 5�#*+,- �?�!1.�-0,$!�?�4�U 8

Page 20: chapter3

20

4��-�R9���,��2Ra,����4�����

float money, price ;▫ �/�-+-�#�() 61P4�n0�/761 money 7QP price *+,!6N$0�/761� �*�,���+1�U!4VU▫ �/�-+-�#�() 61P4�n0�/761 money 7QP price *+,!6N$0�/761� �*�,���+1�U!4VU�?�� �!6N$!Q"�n$.#-3�,3-?!4.$ 6 +Q�4

char ch=tAt;▫ �/�-+-�#�() 61P4�n0�/761 ch !6N$0�/761� �!4VU�?�0�/)�4>1!' #� 1 0�/ �() 0�/)�4>1 rAt

unsigned long int test;▫ �/�-+-�#�() 61P4�n0�/761 test !6N$0�/761� �*�,���+1�U!4VU�?�� �!6N$!Q"O��$/$!0V-7UU#�/� �3-?- 4�1�.�!�1(�)�+-�#�/�-+-�#�() 61P4�n0�/761 test !6N$0�/761� �*�,���+1�U!4VU�?�� �!6N$!Q"O��$/$!0V-7UU#�/� �3-?- 4�1�.�!�1(�)�+-�#

Page 21: chapter3

21

4�14��+$�0�/7615�#4�1�U�?� ��-�1W���3�, 2 7UU �()1. Global Variable OP!6N$4�14��+$�0�/7613/,$)44Q�?-")��������+1()ST�42���$ R%��OP

����b�a����,��4�����

1. Global Variable OP!6N$4�14��+$�0�/7613/,$)44Q�?-")��������+1()ST�42���$ R%��OP���*+,��-�1W!1 #4*�,��$0�/7613�,��&�561741- !'1�P!6N$4�161P4�n0�/7617UU��_�1�P (Public) W,�3-?- 4�14��+$��?�!1.�-0,$")�0�/761!)�3/,OP- �?�!1.�-0,$!6N$ 02. Local Variable OP!6N$4�14��+$�0�/7613/,!�'�P=�#*$4Q�?-�������*��������+$%��+1()ST�42���$*�ST�42���$+$%�� R%��OP��-�1W!1 #4*�,��$0�/7613�,!�'�P=�#*$4Q�?-�������+1()ST�42���$!�?�$�&$ ST�42���$)(�$OP3-?��-�1W$��36*�,��$3�,!'1�P61P4�n*$Q�4>�P+1()ST�42���$!�?�$�&$ ST�42���$)(�$OP3-?��-�1W$��36*�,��$3�,!'1�P61P4�n*$Q�4>�P�?/$0�/ (Private) +1()!�'�P� �

,�� ,4; : 41� �(�)0�/761 Global 7QP Local R&��4�$ OPW()!6N$�$QP0�/4�$ !$(�)�O�44�1*�,'(&$� �+$?/#�/�-O��0��7+$?�� �0?��4�$ *$ C++ OP$��0�/76161P!=� Local -�*�,4?)$!�-)

Page 22: chapter3

22

�3�c�5 (Expression)

$.'O$2 �() 4�1$��",)-\Q-�41P���0?)4�$0�&�70?+$%��O��$/$"%&$36 R%��)�O!6N$",)-\Q!� #/ +1()+Q�# ] ",)-\Q4V3�, !�?$ �?���� � 0�/761 !-(�)$��",)-\Q-�41P���4�$OP3�,

Operator Operator

!� #/ +1()+Q�# ] ",)-\Q4V3�, !�?$ �?���� � 0�/761 !-(�)$��",)-\Q-�41P���4�$OP3�,^QQ�'_2*+-? R%��^QQ�'_2$�&$OP"%&$)#\?4�U0�/41P���61P4)U�,/# 0�/41P��� (Operators) 7QP 0�/W\441P��� (Operands)��}Q�4>�2� �*�,*$4�141P���4�U",)-\Q !�?$ +, -, *, /

2 + 3 a - b

Operands

2 + 3 a - b

Operands

((3 3 + + 55))

Operator

Page 23: chapter3

23

4��������g��R-� (Preprocessor)

�?/$� ��)-3'!Q)12OP0,)����4?)$� �OP!1.�-�)-3'Q2561741-$��+$,��,/#!�1(�)�+-�# #$��+$,��,/#!�1(�)�+-�# #0�/)#?��!�?$▫ #include <iostream.h> ()#\?=�#*$!�1(�)�+-�# <>) OP!6N$4�1*�,3SQ23QU1�1 iostream R%��!6N$3SQ23QU1�1 -�01h�$ 7QP- ST�42��$4�11�U�?�).$'��(cin) 7QP4�17���^Q!)��2'�0(cout)▫ #define *�,4��+$��(�)"%&$-�*+-? $��-�*�,4��+$��?���� � !�?$ #define PI 3.14 R%��!6N$4�14��+$��?�*+,4�U PI !�?�4�U 3.14

#include #define #if #program#endif #error #ifndef #undef#elif #else #ifdef

R%��!6N$4�14��+$��?�*+,4�U PI !�?�4�U 3.14

Page 24: chapter3

24

#include <filename> - searches standard library for file (use

#include

!6N$4�17O,�*+,�)-3'!Q)12$��3SQ2)(�$!",�-1?/-*$4�1�)-3'Q2

#include <filename> - searches standard library for file (use for standard library files)

#include “filename” - searches current directory, then standard library (use for user-defined files)

+-�#!+0�+-�#!+0�▫ W,�������� #include <> ()#\?*$!�1(�)�+-�# <>) OP*�,3SQ23QU1�1 -�01h�$▫ 70?W,�0�-�,/# #include � � OP*�,3SQ2!��!�,)� ��1,��"%&$-�!)�

Page 25: chapter3

25

#include

#include <iostream.h>▫ *+,$��3SQ2 stdio.h -�O�43�!14�)1 � �3�,4��+$�3/,7Q,/ (/usr/include) !",�▫ *+,$��3SQ2 stdio.h -�O�43�!14�)1 � �3�,4��+$�3/,7Q,/ (/usr/include) !",�-�1?/-*$4�1�)-3'Q2

#include "sample.h"▫ *+,$��3SQ2 �sample.h� O�43�!14�)1 6TOO�U�$+1()3�!14�)1 � �4��+$�3/,7Q,/ !",�-�1?/-*$4�1�)-3'Q2▫ *�,*$41� � �- 4�1�1,��3SQ2 .h "%&$-�!)�

Page 26: chapter3

26

#define

*�,*$4�14��+$��?���� � !'(�)�/�-�P�/4*$4�1!" #$561741-0�/)#?��!�?$0�/)#?��!�?$

▫ #define PI 3.14159

+-�#W%� 4��+$��?���� ��(�) PI ���+1�U*�,7�$�?� 3.14159

▫ #define START_STR "Welcome to my program."

+-�#W%� 4��+$��?���� ��(�) START_STR ���+1�U*�,7�$",)�/�-/?� Welcome to my program.+-�#W%� 4��+$��?���� ��(�) START_STR ���+1�U*�,7�$",)�/�-/?� Welcome to my program.

Page 27: chapter3

27

�� ����2-i3��(Comment)

- 2 /._ �()▫ /*.............*/ : long comment▫ /*.............*/ : long comment▫ //............. : short comment*�,*$4�1)_.U�#561741-",)�/�-� �W\4 comment �)-3'!Q)12OP3-?$��-�1?/-*$4�1�)-3'Q2

Page 28: chapter3

28

4�14��+$��?���� �

4�1!" #$���)_.U�# (comment)

4�14��+$��?���� �

Page 29: chapter3

29

3. -3��;���� -�5�;� (Input and Output)).$'�� (Input)▫ 4�11�U�?�",)-\QO�4 \̂,*�,!",�36*$!�1(�)��)-'./!0)12▫ )�641�2).$'��-�01h�$ (Standard Input) :- � #2U)12�, !-��2▫ )�641�2).$'��-�01h�$ (Standard Input) :- � #2U)12�, !-��20�/)#?��!�?$▫ 4�17���",)�/�- +1()�?�0�/761*�] *+, \̂,*�,3�,1�U1\,▫ )�641�2!)��2'��-�01h�$ (Standard Output) :- +$,�O), !�1(�)�'.-'2, Q��5'�

Page 30: chapter3

30

>?9�5@��a������9g���-�=�

cout0,)� include 3SQ2 iostream.h0,)� include 3SQ2 iostream.h0�/)#?��!�?$

���/8�������a,�R

g����i5Hello World !

Page 31: chapter3

31

OP!6N$4�17O,� C++ preprocessor 4?)$4�1�)-3'Q2/?�*$561741-$ &OP- 4�17���",)-\QU$+$,�O)+1() 1�U",)-\QO�4���� U)12�

������������ �������� ����������������������������� �������� �����������������

(return) ���������� �!�"#� (integer)

Prints the string of characters contained between the quotation marks. quotation marks.

The entire line, including cout , the << insertion operator, the string "Welcome to C++!\n" and the semicolon (; ), is called a statement

All statements must end with a semicolon.

return is a way to exit a function from a function.

return 0, in this case, means that the program terminated normally.

Page 32: chapter3

32

Printing a Line of Text

cout▫ Standard output stream object▫ Standard output stream object▫ �Connected� to the screen<<▫ Insertion operator ▫ Value to the right of the operator (right operand) inserted into output stream (which is connected to the screen)▫ cout << “Welcome to C++! \ n”;▫ cout << “Welcome to C++! \ n”;\▫ Escape character ▫ Indicates that a �special� character is to be output

Page 33: chapter3

33

Printing a Line of Text

Escape Sequence

DescriptionSequence

\n Newline. Position the screen cursor to the beginning of the next line.

\t Horizontal tab. Move the screen cursor to the next tab stop

\r Carriage return. Position the screen cursor to the beginning of the current line; do not advance to the next line.the next line.

\a Alert. Sound the system bell.

\\ Backslash. Used to print a backslash character.

\" Double quote. Used to print a double quote character.

Page 34: chapter3

34

4��-�R9

g����i5The volume of the box is 24

Page 35: chapter3

35

2��������i5��,�R9cout ���4��������float

4�17����?�")�0�/7617UU float $�&$ OP7����?�3�,3-?!4.$ 6 digits+�40,)�4�17����?�")�0�/761 *+,-�44/?� 6 digits 0,)�*�,�������+�40,)�4�17����?�")�0�/761 *+,-�44/?� 6 digits 0,)�*�,�������setprecision(digit_number) 7QP0,)� include<iomanip>

9 9 digitsdigits

f =123.4f1=123.456f2=123.457f3=1.23457e+08

6 6 digits => digits => 2+'3445,+ 62+'3445,+ 6

Page 36: chapter3

36

#include <iostream.h>#include <conio.h>#include<iomanip>int main()int main(){

float f=123.4,f1=123.456,f2=123.456789,f3=123456789 ;cout<< setprecision(8) <<f<<“\n”);cout<< setprecision(8) <<f1<<“\n”);cout<< setprecision(8) <<f2<<“\n”);cout<< setprecision(8) <<f3<<“\n”);getch();return 0;

}g����i5

f=123.4f1=123.456f2=123.45679f3=1.2345679e+08

Page 37: chapter3

37

�4�39 (String)

4Q�?-",)-\Q� �61P4)U�,/#0�/)�4"1P!" #$!1 #�4�$36 5�#OP- !�1(�)�+-�# "" ()�}61P4�n +1() Double Quote) Q,)-1)U)#\?!�-)()�}61P4�n +1() Double Quote) Q,)-1)U)#\?!�-)*�,0�/761�$.� char *$4�1!4VU",)-\Q 70?0,)�- 4�14��+$�O��$/$0�/)�4>1�,/# !�?$▫ char name[10];▫ !6N$61P4�n0�/761�(�) name !6N$ string � �!4VU0�/)�4"1P3�, 9 0�/ 1/-4�U0�/)�4"1P6`��,�#) 4 1 0�/�() '\0' 1/-!6N$ 10 0�/

Page 38: chapter3

38

4��-�R9��a@�4�������� string

g����i5My name is Mallika

Page 39: chapter3

39

>?9�5@��a������2R��-�=�

cin0,)� include 3SQ2 iostream.h0,)� include 3SQ2 iostream.h0�/)#?��!�?$

Page 40: chapter3

40

2�7�-9,��� �3��� (Operators)

0�/���!$.$4�1�����.0n��012 (Arithmetic Operators) 0�/���!$.$4�1��-'�$_2 (Relational Operators)0�/���!$.$4�1��-'�$_2 (Relational Operators)0�/���!$.$4�10114P (Logical Operators)0�/���!$.$4�161P4)U (Compound Operators)0�/���!$.$4�1U)4"$�� (Sizeof Operator)0�/���!$.$4�17UU- !�(�)$3" (Conditional Operator)

Page 41: chapter3

41

4��� �3����92b34.�4�5 (Arithmetic Operator)

@7�- ,����� �=������a@� 4��-�R9 g����i5* �\� $.'O$2714 * $.'O$2�)� 5 * 3 15* �\� $.'O$2714 * $.'O$2�)� 5 * 3 15/ +�1!)�!n> $.'O$2714 / $.'O$2�)� 5 / 3 1% +�1!)��?/$ $.'O$2714 % $.'O$2�)� 5 % 3 2+ U/4 $.'O$2714 + $.'O$2�)� 5 + 3 8- QU $.'O$2714 - $.'O$2�)� 5 - 3 2QU $.'O$2714 - $.'O$2�)� 5 - 3 2

Page 42: chapter3

42

�����-94��� �3���

@7�- ,�����() R,�#36"/�() R,�#36"/�

* / % R,�#36"/�+ - R,�#36"/�

4��-�R9 O�+��?�")�$.'O$20?)36$ &

4410 + 2 * 3 * - 1 _________44

--55

1515

5 * 3

10 + 2 * 3 * - 1 _________

2 * 5 % 8 + -7 _________

(3 + 5/2)*(7 - 3 - 5%2) _________

Page 43: chapter3

43

4��-�R9

c9,2R�-9�3�c�54R-X���8�,��a,� �,��a,�

int a = 50, b = 30, c = 5, d = 3, e = 10;float f = 3.75, g = 1.5, h = 40, x;

1. x = a / c + h – e * g;

2. x = (f * b) – a % c + d * h;2. x = (f * b) – a % c + d * h;

3. x = ((g * h)+a)- e % d * f + b – c;

Page 44: chapter3

44

@7�- ,����� �=������a@� 4��-�R9 g����i5

�- �-�5 � 4-�5�� �3��2R�����2R

@7�- ,����� �=������a@� 4��-�R9 g����i5

++ �3����,��9 lvalue++ x=1; x++; x=1

-- ����,��9 lvalue-- x=1; x--; x=1

++ �3���R-� ++lvalue x=1; ++x; x=2

-- ���R-� --lvalue x=1; --x; x=0-- ���R-� --lvalue x=1; --x; x=0

,�� ,4; 5�#640.7Q,/ 4�1!" #$ x++ +1() ++x OP- �/�-+-�#!�?�4�U4�1!'.�-�?�36+$%�� 70?W,�5)!6)12!1!0)12 ++ /��)#\?+Q��0�/761 +-�#W%� ^QQ�'_2OP!6N$�?�")� x 4?)$� ��?�*$ x OPW\4!'.�-36) 4 1

Page 45: chapter3

45

4��-�R9 c9 ����g����i5�-9�������4R-X���8

g����i5a= 2 b= 4 c=1b= 3 a=3b= 4 a=3

Page 46: chapter3

46

5)!6)12!1!0)12�$.�$ &*�,4�U4�1!61 #U!� #U�?�/?� !6N$O1.� (True) +1()!�VO (False) 7QPW\4O��/?�!6N$5)!6)12!1!0)123U$�1 ���$�&$ OP0,)�*�,�)�$.'O$2!'(�)!61 #U!� #U�?�

�- �-�5 � 4-�5�� �R��� (Equality Operator)

7QPW\4O��/?�!6N$5)!6)12!1!0)123U$�1 ���$�&$ OP0,)�*�,�)�$.'O$2!'(�)!61 #U!� #U�?�

@7�-�- �-�5- � 4-�5

,����� �=������a@� 4��-�R9 g����i5

== !61 #U!� #U/?�0,)�!�?�4�$ $.'O$2714 == $.'O$2�)� 5 == 5 true

!= !61 #U!� #U/?�0,)�3-? $.'O$2714 != $.'O$2�)� 5 != 5 false!= !61 #U!� #U/?�0,)�3-?!�?�4�$

$.'O$2714 != $.'O$2�)� 5 != 5 false

Page 47: chapter3

47

�- �-�5 � 4-�5�� ����� ����(Relational Operator)

5)!6)12!1!0)12�$.�$ &*�,4�U4�1!61 #U!� #U�?�-�44/?� $,)#4/?� +1()!�?�4�U 7QPW\4O��!6N$5)!6)12!1!0)123U$�1 ���$�&$OP0,)�*�,�)�$.'O$2!'(�)!61 #U!� #U�?� W\4O��!6N$5)!6)12!1!0)123U$�1 ���$�&$OP0,)�*�,�)�$.'O$2!'(�)!61 #U!� #U�?�

@7�-�- �-�5- � 4-�5

,����� �=������a@�4��-�R9

a=5; b=3;g����i5

< $,)#4/?� $.'O$2714 < $.'O$2�)� a<b false

<= $,)#4/?�+1()!�?�4�U $.'O$2714 <= $.'O$2�)� a<=b false<= $,)#4/?�+1()!�?�4�U $.'O$2714 <= $.'O$2�)� a<=b false

> -�44/?� $.'O$2714 > $.'O$2�)� a>b true

>= -�44/?�+1()!�?�4�U $.'O$2714 >= $.'O$2�)� a>=b true

Page 48: chapter3

48

�- �-�5 � 4-�54���.�4�5(Logical Operator)

5)!6)12!1!0)12�$.�$ &*�,!61 #U!� #U4�U�?�U\QQ $ (Boolean) R%��OP- �?�O1.�+1()!�VO!�?�$�&$ 3-?��-�1W*�,�$.�",)-\Q)(�$ ] 3�,

�- �-�5 � 4-�5 @7�- ���� �=������a@�

! not !$.'O$2

&& and $.'O$2714 && $.'O$2�)�

|| or $.'O$2714 || $.'O$2�)�

!�?�$�&$ 3-?��-�1W*�,�$.�",)-\Q)(�$ ] 3�,

|| or $.'O$2714 || $.'O$2�)�

Page 49: chapter3

49

�- �-�5 � 4-�5 and (&&)

1. 5)!6)12!1!0)12 and (&&) OP!6N$O1.�4V0?)!-(�)$.'O$27144�U$.'O$2� ��)�!6N$O1.���&��\? $)4$�&$^QQ�'_2OP!6N$!�VO+-�$)4$�&$^QQ�'_2OP!6N$!�VO+-�

2R�3�c�5��� 2R�3�c�5�-9 g����i5

true true true

true false false

false true falsefalse true false

false false false

Page 50: chapter3

50

�- �-�5 � 4-�5 or (||)

2. 5)!6)12!1!0)12 or (||) OP!6N$!�VO4V0?)!-(�)$.'O$27144�U$.'O$2� ��)�!6N$!�VO��&��\? $)4$�&$^QQ�'_2OP!6N$O1.�+-�$)4$�&$^QQ�'_2OP!6N$O1.�+-�

2R�3�c�5��� 2R�3�c�5�-9 g����i5

true true true

true false true

false true truefalse true true

false false false

Page 51: chapter3

51

�- �-�5 � 4-�5 not (!)

3. 5)!6)12!1!0)12 not (!) *�,4Q�U�?�O�4O1.�!6N$!�VO +1()O�4!�VO!6N$O1.�

2R�3�c�5 g����i5

!true false

!false true

Page 52: chapter3

52

�����-94��� �3���

2�7�-9,�� �3.���9� 2�7�-9,�� �3.���9�

() R,�#36"/�* / % R,�#36"/�

+ - R,�#36"/�< > <= >= == != R,�#36"/�

&& || R,�#36"/�&& || R,�#36"/�

Page 53: chapter3

53

4��� �3�������-� (Compound Operator)

!6N$1\6#?)")�0�/���!$.$4�17QP0�/761� �W\4���!$.$4�10�/)#?��!�?$

x = x + 1; !" #$7�$3�,�,/# x += 1;a = a - b; !" #$7�$3�,�,/# a -= b;x = x * 2; !" #$7�$3�,�,/# x *= 2;y = y / 5; !" #$7�$3�,�,/# y /= 5;

4��-�R9 @R� O�4�������0?)36$ &

0�/)#?��!�?$

4��-�R9 @R� O�4�������0?)36$ &int num1 = 3, num2 = 1;num1 *= 4;num2 += num1 - 2;

O�+��?�")�0�/761 num2

g����i5num = 11

Page 54: chapter3

54

�� ���������92Rg����i5 �t�@�3�4�����a,�R (Casting)

1\67UU▫ (�$.�0�/761) 0�/761+1()$.'O$2+1()�?���� �▫ (�$.�0�/761) 0�/761+1()$.'O$2+1()�?���� �0�/)#?��!�?$

float div;int a = 1, b = 2;div = (float)a/b;

g����i50.5

Page 55: chapter3

55

1. !" #$561741-=�>�R *$4�11�U",)-\Q R%��61P4)U�,/# �(�) $&��+$�4 �/�-�\� 7QP"$��1)�!�,�")�$�4n%4>� 5�#*�,ST�42���$ cout '.-'2�?�))4� �+$,�O) 5�#'.-'2

���uv�,��

"$��1)�!�,�")�$�4n%4>� 5�#*�,ST�42���$ cout '.-'2�?�))4� �+$,�O) 5�#'.-'2",)�/�-(string) !'(�))_.U�#�?�")�",)-\Q0?��] '1,)-��&�*�, Conversion Character Modifier *$4�1O��1\67UU*+,3�,���0�/)#?��4�11�$561741-0?)36$ &

4��-�R9������������

Please enter your name: AjanO Jaidee

Weight: 52.5Weight: 52.5

Height: 158.5

Shoes Size: 40

____________________________________________

NAME WEIGHT HEIGHT SIZE

AjonO Jaidee 52.5 158.5 40

____________________________________________

Page 56: chapter3

56

2. !" #$561741-!'(�)1�U�?�0�/!Q"O��$/$!0V- 2 �?�O�4 \̂,*�, 7Q,/!4VU3/,� �0�/761 A 7QP B 0�-Q����U7Q,/'.-'2�?� A 7QP B ))4���O)=�' O�4$�&$�Q�U�?�0�/761 A 7QP B5�#*�,0�/761 C *$4�1O��4�1 7Q,/'.-'2^QQ�'_2�?� A 7QP B ))4���O)=�') 4�1�&�

4��-�R9������������

A: 18B: 7Before swapping A = 18, B = 7After swapping A = 7, B = 18After swapping A = 7, B = 18

Page 57: chapter3

57

4��-�R9������������

Please enter your name: __________Input 1: __

Input 2 : __Cal(Input 1 + Input 2) : __Cal(Input 1 - Input 2) : __Cal(Input 1 * Input 2) : __Cal(Input 1 / Input 2) : __Cal(Input 1 / Input 2) : __Cal(Input 1 % Input 2) : __