Introductory Psychology Chapters 10-12 Review

Chapter 101. Define Personality2. Describe the psychodynamic perspective and how it contributed to the study

of personality. a. Describe the psychodynamic perspectiveb. Freud’s theory of psychosexual developmentc. Define the Id, Ego, and Superego and how they work in personalityd. Stages of psychosexual development, including: Oral, Anal, Phallic,

Latency, and Genital phases and what the key conflict is in each phasee. Understand what neo-Freudians, including Jung, Adler, Horney, and

Erikson, thought of Freud’s theory and how they adapted it.3. Explain the trait perspective and the “Big Five” trait model.

a. Hippocrates 4 “humors” / bodily fluids (yellow bile, blood, phlegm, & black bile) and how they relate to personality

b. Eysenk’s trait theory: Introversion vs Extraversion and Emotional Stability vs Instability (neuroticism)

c. The “Big Five” \ Five Factor Model: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.

d. Biolology and Traits (heritability)e. Positive Psychology and Trait Theory

4. Identify the contributions of learning theory to understanding personality. a. John Watson and Skinner and Behaviorist perspectiveb. Social Cognitive Theory: Personal Variables and Situational Variables

i. The impact of expectancies, self-efficacy, and observational learning

ii. Gender Typing and Gender-Schema theory5. Describe the humanistic-existential perspective on personality.

a. Define what the humanistic-existential perspective focuses onb. Self-Awareness, and how people are capable of free choice, self-

fulfillment, and ethical behaviorc. Abraham Maslow and self-actualizationd. Carl Rogers’ Self-theory: Impact of our values, including self-concepts

and frames of reference.i. Unconditional Positive Regard

6. Describe the sociocultural perspective on personality. a. Individualism vs. Collectivismb. Acculturation, adjustment, and self-esteem

7. Describe the different kinds of tests psychologists use to measure personality.a. Reliability and Validity in personality testsb. Objective tests, such as the MMPI, and its strengthsc. Define Projective tests, such as the Rorschach and the Thematic

Apperception Test (TAT)

Chapter 118. Define stress and identify various sources of stress.

a. Health Psychology and what it studiesb. What is stress? Is it all bad?c. Daily Hassles and Life Changesd. Blake and Colleagues: Life Change Unitse. Stress in America: the APA survey on what stress reactions Americans

have, how they cope with them, and what causes them the most stressf. Conflict: What is it? Define the four types of conflict: Approach-

Approach, Avoidance-Avoidance, Approach-Avoidance, and Multiple Approach-Avoidance

g. Alfred Ellis: Irrational Beliefs and the A (Activating Event) B (Belief) C (Consequence) approach

h. Differences between Type A and Type B Behavior Patterns9. Identify the psychological moderators of stress.

a. Identify and understand the importance of psychological factors, such as self-efficacy, psychological hardiness, sense of humor, predictability and control, and social support.

10. Describe the impact of stress on the body. a. General Adaptation Syndrome

i. How the body activates and reacts to stress, including the fight-or-flight reaction, and what happens to the body over time when the stress isn’t removed

ii. Three phases: Alarm Reaction, Adaptation/Resistance Phase, & Exhaustion

b. Effects of Stress on the Immune Systemi. What psychological factors can help mitigate the effects?

ii. How stress negatively impacts the immune system.11. Explain the relationships between psychology and health.

a. Define the Bio-psycho-social approach and how it stresses there is no one easy answer

b. Coronary Heart Disease (CHD): What are the risk factors? c. Cancer: What are the risk factors?

Chapter 1212. Define psychological disorders and describe their prevalence.

a. What is a psychological disorder?b. What are the general criteria for a disorder?c. What various perspectives have explained disorders throughout the years?

(Especially the bio-psycho-social and diathesis stress model)d. Classifying psychological disorders

i. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) of Mental Disorders, currently in the 5th Edition (DSM-5) (Remember, this new edition was just recently published, after your book was printed).

ii. What are the Reliability and Validity of the DSM?e. What is the general prevalence of psychological disorders?

13. Describe the symptoms and possible origins of anxiety disorders.a. What are the features of anxiety disorders (psychological and physical)?b. Types of anxiety disorders: Specific Phobias, Panic Disorder, Generalized

Anxiety Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Stress Disorders (Post-Traumatic Stress & Acute Stress Disorders)

c. Biological, psychological, and social perspectives on explaining anxiety disorders

14. Describe the symptoms and possible origins of dissociative disorders. a. What is a dissociative disorder?b. Types of dissociative disorders: Dissociative Amnesia, Dissociative

Fugue, Dissociative Identity Disorder, and Depersonalization.c. Biopsychosocial explanations of dissociative disorders

15. Describe the symptoms and possible origins of somatoform disorders. a. Define somatoform disordersb. Types of somatoform disorders: Conversion Disorder, Hypochondriasis, &

Body Dysmorphic Disorder.c. How somatoform disorders are explained. What are common features of

people with these disorders? 16. Describe the symptoms and possible origins of mood disorders.

a. What is a mood disorder?b. Types of Mood Disorders: Major Depression vs Bipolar Disorderc. Biological & Psychological factors contributing to depression & bipolar

disorderd. Women and Depression e. Suicide: risk factors, sociocultural factors, and myths about it.

17. Describe the symptoms and possible origins of schizophrenia. a. Define schizophreniab. Positive vs. Negative symptomsc. Types of Schizophrenia: Paranoid Type, Disorganized Type, Catatonic

Typed. Biological and sociocultural factors that contribute to the development of

schizophreniae. The Insanity plea: factors involved in its use

18. Describe the symptoms and possible origins of personality disorders.

a. What is a personality disorder? How are they different from other disorders?

b. Types of Personality Disorders: Paranoid Personality Disorder, Schizotypal Personality Disorder, Schizoid Personality Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, Antisocial Personality Disorder, and Avoidant Personality Disorder.

c. Biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors in the development of personality disorders.