Upload
roderick-wilkins
View
221
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Characteristics of the Characteristics of the Antebellum SouthAntebellum South
Characteristics of the Characteristics of the Antebellum SouthAntebellum South
1.1. Primarily agrarian.Primarily agrarian.
2.2. Economic power shifted from the Economic power shifted from the ““upper Southupper South”” to the to the ““lower South.lower South.””
3.3. ““Cotton Is King!Cotton Is King!”” * 1860 * 1860 5 mil. bales a yr. 5 mil. bales a yr. (57% of total US exports). (57% of total US exports).
4.4. Lack of industrialization - Lack of industrialization - De BowDe Bow’’s s ReviewReview..
5.5. Rudimentary (basic) financial system Rudimentary (basic) financial system - - ““factorsfactors””..
6.6. Inadequate transportation system.Inadequate transportation system.
Southern Society Southern Society (1850)(1850)
Southern Society Southern Society (1850)(1850)““SlavocracySlavocracy””
[plantation owners][plantation owners]““SlavocracySlavocracy””
[plantation owners][plantation owners]
The The ““Plain FolkPlain Folk””[white yeoman farmers][white yeoman farmers]
Poor Whites - 500,000Poor Whites - 500,000
The The ““Plain FolkPlain Folk””[white yeoman farmers][white yeoman farmers]
Poor Whites - 500,000Poor Whites - 500,000
6,000,0006,000,000
Black FreemenBlack FreemenBlack FreemenBlack Freemen
Black SlavesBlack Slaves3,200,000 3,200,000
(up from 1 mil. in 1800)(up from 1 mil. in 1800)
Black SlavesBlack Slaves3,200,000 3,200,000
(up from 1 mil. in 1800)(up from 1 mil. in 1800)
250,000250,000
Total US Population Total US Population 23,000,000 23,000,000[9,250,000 in the South = 40%][9,250,000 in the South = 40%]
“Cavalier Image”
Poor White TrashPoor White Trashof the South of the South ““CrackersCrackers”” ““Clay EatersClay Eaters””
““Sand HillersSand Hillers””Why were they often the most intent on Why were they often the most intent on
preserving slavery even though they owned no slaves?preserving slavery even though they owned no slaves?
Southern PopulationSouthern PopulationSouthern PopulationSouthern Population
Southern Southern AgricultureAgricultureSouthern Southern
AgricultureAgriculture
Changes in Cotton Changes in Cotton ProductionProduction
Changes in Cotton Changes in Cotton ProductionProduction
18201820
18601860
Value of Cotton Exports Value of Cotton Exports As % of All US ExportsAs % of All US Exports
Value of Cotton Exports Value of Cotton Exports As % of All US ExportsAs % of All US Exports
Graniteville Textile Graniteville Textile Co.Co.
Graniteville Textile Graniteville Textile Co.Co.
Founded in 1845, it was the South’s first attempt at industrialization in
Richmond, VAThe South had 15% of nation’s
manufactured goods by the 1850s
Slave-Owning Population Slave-Owning Population (1850)(1850)
Slave-Owning Population Slave-Owning Population (1850)(1850)
The Culture of SlaveryThe Culture of SlaveryThe Culture of SlaveryThe Culture of Slavery1. Black Christianity [Baptists or
Methodists]: * more emotional worship services. * negro spirituals.
2. “Pidgin” or Gullah languages.
3. Nuclear family with extended kin links,where possible.
4. Importance of music in their lives. [esp. spirituals].
Emancipation in the Emancipation in the NorthNorth
Emancipation in the Emancipation in the NorthNorth
But these dates are misleading - PA law freed newborns at 28 - some slaves in 1830s - NJ 1860s.
Southern Slavery--> An Southern Slavery--> An Aberration?Aberration?
Southern Slavery--> An Southern Slavery--> An Aberration?Aberration?
1780s: 1st antislavery society created in Phila.
By 1804: emancipation laws (some gradual) for each northern state.
1807: the legal termination of the slave trade, enforced by the British Royal Navy.
1820s: newly independent. Republics of Central & S. America freed slaves free.
1833: slavery abolished throughout the British Empire.
1844: slavery abolished in the French colonies.
US Laws Regarding US Laws Regarding SlaverySlavery
US Laws Regarding US Laws Regarding SlaverySlavery
1. U. S. Constitution: * 3/5s compromise [I.2] * Article IV Section 2 - fugitive
slave clause
2. 1793 Fugitive Slave Act - illegal to assist escaped slaves - fugitives for life - slave catching industry
3. 1850 stronger Fugitive Slave Act - stronger punishment and slaves couldn’t testify - rewards.
Missouri Compromise, Missouri Compromise, 18201820
Missouri Compromise, Missouri Compromise, 18201820
Slaves Using the Cotton Slaves Using the Cotton GinGin
Slaves Using the Cotton Slaves Using the Cotton GinGin
Slaves WorkingSlaves Workingin a Sugar-Boiling House, in a Sugar-Boiling House,
18231823
Slaves WorkingSlaves Workingin a Sugar-Boiling House, in a Sugar-Boiling House,
18231823
Who were typically used for the most dangerousJobs in the South?
Slave Auction Notice, Slave Auction Notice, 18231823
Slave Auction Notice, Slave Auction Notice, 18231823
Slave Auction: Charleston, SC-Slave Auction: Charleston, SC-18561856
Slave Auction: Charleston, SC-Slave Auction: Charleston, SC-18561856
Slave tag, SC
Tools of SlaveryTools of SlaveryTools of SlaveryTools of Slavery
Slave leg irons
Slave shoes
Slave MasterBrands
Tools of SlaveryTools of SlaveryTools of SlaveryTools of Slavery
Slave muzzle
Anti-Slave PamphletAnti-Slave PamphletAnti-Slave PamphletAnti-Slave Pamphlet
The High Cost of The High Cost of SlaverySlavery
The High Cost of The High Cost of SlaverySlavery
High cost of keeping slaves fromescaping.
Slave patrols - bloodhounds, bounty hunters
Slave Codes
Punishment: whipping, beating
- Getting “Sold Down the River”
““Sold Down the RiverSold Down the River””• Upper South - years of Upper South - years of
tobacco had exhausted tobacco had exhausted soil in Virginia, Maryland, soil in Virginia, Maryland, & NC& NC
• Expanding demand for Expanding demand for slaves in Deep South for slaves in Deep South for cottoncotton
• ““Breeding plantationsBreeding plantations””• 1790-1860 1 million slaves 1790-1860 1 million slaves
sold sold ““down the riverdown the river”” - also - also used as punishmentused as punishment
• 250,000 slaves shipped in 250,000 slaves shipped in 1850s alone1850s alone
Slave ResistanceSlave ResistanceSlave ResistanceSlave Resistance1. “Sambo” - slaves playing up to
stereotypes around owners
2. Defiance - Refusal to work hard.
3. Theft & isolated acts of sabotage.
4. Escape via the Underground Railroad.
Runaway Slave AdsRunaway Slave AdsRunaway Slave AdsRunaway Slave Ads
5. Revolt - Slave Rebellions 5. Revolt - Slave Rebellions
in the Antebellum Southin the Antebellum South
5. Revolt - Slave Rebellions 5. Revolt - Slave Rebellions
in the Antebellum Southin the Antebellum South
1822
Gabriel Prosser
1800
Slave Rebellions in the Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South:Antebellum South:
Nat Turner, Nat Turner, 18311831
Slave Rebellions in the Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South:Antebellum South:
Nat Turner, Nat Turner, 18311831
What were the most significant results of this revolt?
The Southern The Southern ““BelleBelle””The Southern The Southern ““BelleBelle””
Southern Pro-SlaverySouthern Pro-SlaveryPropagandaPropaganda
Southern Pro-SlaverySouthern Pro-SlaveryPropagandaPropaganda
What is the message?