Characterization of Agricultural Pump Discharge Quality in

Technical Publication SJ 90-1

Characterizationof Agricultural PumpDischarge Qualityin theUpper St. JohnsRiver Basin

St. Johns River Water Management District

Technical Publication SJ 90-1

CHARACTERIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL PUMPDISCHARGE QUALITY IN THE UPPER

ST . JOHNS RIVER BASIN

by

Carol Fall

Department of Surface Water ProgramsSt . Johns River Water Management District

Palatka , Florida

1990

NORTHWEST FLORIDA

WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT

ST. JOHNS RIVER


SUWANNEE RIVER


SOUTHWEST FLORIDA


SOUTH FLORIDA


THE ST. JOHNS RIVER WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT

The St. Johns River Water Management District (SJRWMD) was created by the FloridaLegislature in 1972 to be one of five water management districts in Florida. It includesall or parts of nineteen counties in northeast Florida. The mission of SJRWMD is to managewater resources to insure their continued availability while maximizing environmental andeconomic benefits. It accomplishes its mission through regulation; applied research; assistanceto federal, state, and local governments; operation and maintenance of water control works;and land acquisition and management. Technical reports are published to disseminateinformation collected by SJRWMD in pursuit of its mission.

CONTENTS

List of Figures vii

List of Tables ix

ABSTRACT 1

INTRODUCTION 3

Purpose 3

Background 3

METHODS OF INVESTIGATION 7

RESULTS 19

Comparison of Pump Discharge to Receiving Water Body and WaterQuality Standards 19

Dissolved Oxygen and Biochemical Oxygen Demand 19Suspended Solids and Turbidity 19Metals and Minerals 21Nutrients 21Pesticides 21

Comparisons Between Pumps 21

Comparison of Pump Discharge Quality to Regulatory ComplianceData 23

DISCUSSION 27

CONCLUSION 31

Literature Cited 33

Appendix A : Station Descriptions and Data 35

Appendix B: Statistical Summary 43

FIGURES

Figure Page

1 Location of the upper St . Johns River basin study area . . . A

2 Typical floodplain levee system 5

3 Pump sample stations in the upper St . Johns River basin . . 8

4 Stations selected to represent existing water quality inthe receiving water body 12

5 Comparison of pump discharge quality : ammonia , totalKjeldahl , and nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen 22

6 Comparison of pump discharge quality : orthophosphate andtotal phosphorus 24

7 Upper St . Johns River Basin Project map 30

-vii-

TABLES

Table Page

1 Pump sample stations in the upper St . Johns River basin . . 9

2 Summary of pump sample events 10

3 Stations selected to represent existing water quality inthe receiving water body 13

4 Techniques for chemical and physical analysis of watersamples 14

5 Pesticide analysis parameters 16

6 Comparison of upper St . Johns River basin pump dischargequality to the receiving water body 20

7 Comparison of upper St . Johns River basin pasture andcitrus/row crop pumps by median concentration 25

8 Comparison of pump discharge quality to FDER regulatorycompliance data 26

9 Agricul tural lands subject to pump drainage that will berestored to wetlands 28

-ix-

ABSTRACT

The St . Johns River Water Management District and Florida Institute ofTechnology collected 58 samples from 9 pumps in the upper St . JohnsRiver basin to characterize the water quality of agriculturaldischarges . Median dissolved oxygen levels in pump discharges were2 .8 mg/1 and violated state water quality standards 89 percent of thetime . The median suspended solids concentration was 10 .8 mg/1 in pumpdischarges, approximately three times higher than the median of thereceiving water body . No violations of the Class I water qualitystandard for chloride were observed in the pump discharges . Nutrientlevels in pump discharges were two to five times higher than levelsfound in the receiving water body. Nitrate-nitri te nitrogen was mostabundant in the pumps of Fellsmere Joint Ventures , with medianconcentrations from 0 .16 to 0 .69 mg/1 . Fellsmere Joint Ventures ' No .10 pump (Mary A) discharged the highest levels of total phosphorus(median=0 .54 m g / 1 ) . No violations of pesticide water qualitystandards were detected in the pump discharge or receiving water body .Regulatory compliance data provided by the pump owners producedresults similar to this study .

-1-

INTRODUCTION

PURPOSE

Discharges from agricultural pumps have been cited as a sourceof water quality problems in the upper St . Johns River basin (FDER ,1982). In 1982, the St. Johns River Water Management District(SJRWMD) began sampling pump events to provide information forregulatory and basin management purposes . This report documents pumpdischarge quality in terms of state water quality standards andbackground conditions .

BACKGROUND

To convert parts of the upper St . Johns River basin (Figure 1)to agricultural and urban use , landowners typically built a leveearound a portion of the floodplain , dug an interior drainage network ,and installed pumps to l if t excess water over the levee and dischargeinto the remaining f loodplain (Figure 2 ) . In this manner , 222 ,486acres of the total floodplain (approximately 62 percent) were isolated(Lowe et al . 1984) .

Most of the former floodplain is used for agriculture . In1980 , approximately 70 percent of the basin was rough or improvedpasture and 5 percent was row crop or citrus (SJRWMD 1980).Agricultural uses have intensified since then as pasture has beenconverted to row crops , such as corn and carrots . In some areas ,poorly maintained levee or pump systems allowed marsh vegetation torecolonize former pasture .

The reduced ability of the remaining floodplain to assimilatenutrients , combined with increased nutrient loads from formerfloodplain that has been converted to agricultural use , hasintensified water quality problems in the basin (Sullivan 1979) .Based on data collected by the Florida Department of EnvironmentalRegulation (FDER) and Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission (FGFWFC) ,Sullivan (1979) concluded that agricultural pumps caused lower thannormal dissolved oxygen levels. CH2M Hill (1979) also documented lowdissolved oxygen levels in pump discharges for Deseret Ranch butconcluded that the pumps had an insignificant impact on the waterquality of the receiving body. These divergent conclusions, based on

-3-

Figure 1. Location of upper St. Johns River basin study area withinthe St. Johns River Water Management District

>-^-A Y-B R A D F O R D . 1 (

LOWERST. JOHNS

RIVERBASIN

LEGEND

DISTRICT BOUNDARY

.x-~ •"•>—• "̂ x'" ^*—•

BASIN BOUNDARY

MIDDLEST. JOHNS

RIVERBASIN

Horary

UPPERST. JOHNS

RIVER ;BASIN

0 10 20 4O €0 80KILOMETERS

-4-

Figure 2. Typical floodplain levee system

i 'R--*--^-* ..-* i"-_^»:.:*:.--Hi?-vr*->*-"-*

- "I'i ' i ' i ' i ' i ' i ' iVi'iVi'i1 V ' ' ' ' ' 'I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I' I' I' I' I I I 1, 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 . 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 . 1 . 1 , 1 , 1 . 1 . I.I. 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 . 1 , 1

•«;**",'•". '̂-JV^- f/ ^r/^*^-.*-:v^-*:*rv;i~^C<*// %*s>Sfc -̂'i*i:&$&& i/&ym^•~ "«.•> ...-* -^ s.'f / I »:*• -f - •»--- .« i ^-<l:-. r -'

-5-

limited data , were presented by consultants on opposite sides of aregulatory dispute between the FDER and Deseret Ranches of Florida ,Inc. Lowe et al . (1984) concluded that the pumps discharged water ofpoorer quality than the receiving water body , based on 17 pump eventsmonitored by St . Johns River Water Management District and the FloridaInstitute of Technology .

-6-

METHODS OF INVESTIGATION

The St . Johns River Wate r Management District 's e f f o r t s to sample andcharacterize agricultural pump discharges began in 1982 and continueto the present . Nine pumps were selected for study (Figure 3 , Table1) and a total of 58 pump events were sampled (Table 2 , Appendix A ) .Pump sample collection from Apri l 1985 through January 1987 was fundedin part by the Environmental Protection Agency under Section 205 (j ) ofthe Clean Water A c t . During this per iod, 24 pump events were sampled,6 for pesticide analysis only (Table 2). Using funds provided by thegrant , pesticides were analyzed for 13 pump events and 71 receivingwater body samples .

The collection of water samples from agricultural pumps wascomplicated and unpredictable . Pumps were located in remote areaswith d i f f i cu l t access . Pumps were not operated on a fixed schedule ,but in response to storms (basinwide , localized , or merelyanticipated) and agricultural activities. An operating pump,available for sample collection , was identified by several means :inspection during a routine sampling run ; inspection during a specialsampling run when conditions were favorable for pump operation ;overflights by enforcement s taff ; and notification by fishermen , otheragency personnel , or pump operators.

Pumps generally discharged to an exterior borrow canal orfloodway . Depending on water levels in the basin , dischargescontinued to flow down the canal , sheetflowed through the marsh , orbackflowed up the canal. Of the nine pumps sampled, eight dischargedto canals or floodways downstream of another pump or agricul turaldischarge. Discharges from the remaining pump, Duda & Sons, seemed toflow upstream or sheetflow through the marsh due to backwaterconditions created by the Duda/Rockledge canal . Because of the pumpdischarge flow patterns , it was not possible to document backgroundconditions upstream of the pumps .

It was difficult also to document natural background waterquality in the basin . While some minimally a f fec ted areas remain inthe floodplain marsh and hardwood swamp tributaries , the water qualityin the river and lakes probably has changed substantially due tochanges in hydrology and land use . Marsh and tributary stations arenot representative of overall water quality in the basin , since waterquality varies between the d i f fe rent water body types (Lowe et al .1984) . For example, dissolved oxygen levels are generally higher inlakes than in marshes or swamps .

Figure 3. Pump sample stations in the upper St. Johns River basin

-8-

Table 1. Pump sample stations in the upper St. Johns River basin

SJRWMDSTATIONNAME

ZZP

ZZPX

LMP

MAP

TUP

BDP

BDPX

OWNER

FELLSMEREJoint Ventures




TUCKER & SONFar Reach Ranch

DESERET RANCHESOf Florida

DESERET RANCHESOf Florida

OWNERDESIGNATION LAND USE

#6

#5

#4

#10

OG12

P8

Citrus

Pasture& Citrus

Row Crop

Row Crop& Pasture

Pasture

Citrus

Pasture

SOIL TYPE

Gator, Canova andTerra Ceia Muck,W/Oldsmar, Riviera& Winder Fine Sand

Same as above

Gator, Terra Ceia &Canova Muck

Monteverde & MiccoPeat

Felda, FloridanaSand w/Micco Peat

Felda, Pineda,Holopaw, Malabar,Eau Gallie & MyakkaSand

Felda, Winder &Floridana Sandw/Micco andMonteverde Peat

NMP

DDP

DESERET RANCHESof Florida

DUDA AND SONS

P5 Pasture

Pasture

Unknown, PresumedSand

Tomoka & Terra CeiaMuck w/FloridanaSand

-9-

Table 2. Summary of pump sample events

Pump SJRWMD SJRWMD - EPAOwner Name Section 205 (J*) FIT Pesticide Only

FELLSMERE ZZP 7 (3) 5ZZPX 5 (2)LMP 6 (2) (1)MAP '2 (2) ' 3 (2)

TUCKER TUP 4 (3)DESERET BDP 1 ( 1 ) 6 (2)

BDPX 4 (4) 1NMP 3 (1)

DUDA DDP 5 (1)

37 (18) 15 (6)

'Numbers in parenthesis indicate number of samplesanalyzed for pesticides.

-10-

For comparison , stations from SJRWMD 's water qualitymonitoring network were selected to represent existing conditions inthe receiving water body . Selected stations (Figure 4 , Table 3)exclude areas immediately downstream of a pump discharge or otherlocal influence and represent a variety of areas and water body types .Comparisons of the quality of agricultural discharges to that of thereceiving waters are for illustrative purposes and do not imply thatthe existing water quality is desirable or representative of naturalbackground quality .

During the study period (1982-1987), the parameters sampled,analytical techniques, and equipment changed (Table 4 ) . The number ofparameters analyzed per sample varied due to the short notice beforepump sample collection , changes in the district 's laboratorycapabilities and the periodic availability of EPA grants whichexpanded parametric analysis . From 1982 to September 1985 , stationsin the receiving water body were sampled quarterly . Since October1985 , the stations were sampled bimonthly .

Grab samples were collected by the SJRWMD at 0.5m depth. Pumpsamples were collected as close to the discharge pipe as possible tominimize dilution e f f e c t s . High density polyethylene bottles wereused for non-pesticide sample collection . Non-pesticide bottles andcaps were rinsed with ambient water before sample collection . Sampleswere stored in iced coolers and transported to the laboratory within24 hours . Metal and nutrient samples were preserved with nitric andsulfuric acid , respectively , to a pH less than 2 . Metals anddissolved nutrient samples were f i l tered through a .45 micron membranef i l ter on site, using a Geofi l ter peristaltic pump and acrylic f i l terholder .

Pesticide samples were collected in one gallon glasscontainers provided by Flowers Chemical Laboratories , which performedthe analyses (Table 5 ) . Containers were washed by rinsing with thelast solvent used , tap water , then glass-distilled w a t e r . Glasscontainers were heated to 400 degrees Centigrade for 15-30 minutes .A f t e r drying and cooling, bott les were capped with aluminum foil andteflon-lined caps .

Measurements for dissolved oxygen (D .0 .) , temperature, pH , andspecific conductance were made in situ with a Hydrolab 4041, a YSIModel 33 SCT me te r , YSI Model 57 D .0 . m e t e r , or Cole-Parmer DigisensepH m e t e r . Instruments were calibrated before and a f t e r each dailysampling period. The pH meters were calibrated with two pH b u f f e r s .D .0 . meters were calibrated in saturated air chambers . Conductivitymeasurements were calibrated with a 1413 umhos/cm standard .Calibration results were recorded on the Field Calibration Check Sheetand reviewed by the project manager .

SJRWMD samples were identified by a 14-character code whichincorporates the three-letter station name , a comment code , the datecollected (YYMMDD) , and time collected. For a more detailed

-11-

Figure 4. Stations selected to represent existing waterquality in the receiving water body

-12-

Table 3. Stations selected to represent existing water quality in thereceiving water body

NAMESTATION LOCATION

CENTER OF BLUE CYPRESS LAKE

BLUE CYPRESS MARSH

FORT DRUM CREEK

BLUE CYPRESS CREEK

SOUTH MORMON OUTSIDE CANAL

CANAL FORTY

OUTLET OF LAKE HELL'N BLAZES

JANE GREEN SWAMP

JANE GREEN MARSH

ST. JOHNS RIVER AT US 192

LAKE WASHINGTON AT WEIR

ST. JOHNS RIVER SOUTH OFNORTH MORMON OUTSIDE CANAL

OUTLET OF LAKE WINDER

ST. JOHNS RIVER SOUTH OFDUDA/ROCKLEDGE CANAL

LAKE POINSETT MARSH

TAYLOR CREEK

OUTLET OF LAKE POINSETT

PESTICIDE SAMPLING STATIONS ARE

ZIGZAG MARSH ZZM

THREE FORKS MARSH TFM

BULL CREEK BCR

INLET OF LAKE HELL'N BLAZES HBI

TEN MILE CREEK TMC

LAT/LONG WATER BODY TYPE

BCL *

BCT *

FDM *

BCC *

SMO *

CFO *

HBO *

JGS

JGM *

USH *

LWW

SNM

LWO

SDC

LPM *

TCB *

LPO *

274336/804512

274133/804325

274147/804432

274421/804639

275917/804732

275834/804614

280132/804756

280427/805318

280308/804811

280503/804511

280956/804555

281255/805118

281605/804951

281709/804914

281937/805105

282106/805544

282131/805223

LAKE

MARSH

MARSH TRIBUTARY

SWAMP TRIBUTARY

CHANNELIZED RIVER

CHANNELIZED RIVER

LAKE

SWAMP TRIBUTARY

MARSH TRIBUTARY

RIVER

LAKE

RIVER

LAKE

RIVER

MARSH

SWAMP TRIBUTARY

LAKE

THOSE DESIGNATED *

274149/804030

275950 804713

280143/810222

280039/804744

275624/804811

ABOVE AND:

MARSH

MARSH

TRIBUTARY

RIVER

TRIBUTARY

-13-

Table 4. Techniques for chemical and physical analysis of water samples

PARAMETER STORET#

WATER TEMPERATURE (deg C) 10

SECCHI DEPTH (in)

TRUE COLOR (CPU)

CONDUCTANCE (micromhos/cm)

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (mg/1)

BOD, 5 DAY (mg/1)

pH (S.U.)

ALKALINITY, TOTAL (mg/1)

TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS (mg/1)(RESIDUE, NONFILTERABLE)

AMMONIA NITROGEN, DISSOLVED(mg/l) 608

AMMONIA NITROGEN, TOTAL (mg/1) 610

TOTAL KJELDAHL NITROGEN,DISSOLVED (mg/1)

SAMPLEDBY (*)

METHOD OF ANALYSIS OR FIELDEQUIPMENT USED

77

80

94

299

310

400

410

530

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

,2

,2

,2

,2

,2

,2

,2

,2

1,2 IN SITU, HYDROLAB 4041(1),Y.S.I. MODEL 57 D.O. METER(l)OR Y.S.I. MODEL 33 SCT METER(2)

IN SITU, PLASTIC DISK WITH ALTERNA-TING BLACK AND WHITE QUADRANTS

VISUAL COMPARISON, STD. METHODS15TH ED., SECTION 204A, P.61(1)OR SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD,STD. METHODS, 14TH ED., P.66(2)DIRECT MEASUREMENT, EPA 120.1-1

MEMBRANE ELECTRODE, STD. METHODS,15TH ED., SECTION 421F(1) ORLEEDS & NORTHRUP 7932 (2)

INCUBATION, 5 DAY, EPA 405.1

IN SITU, HYDROLAB 4041 OR COLE-PARMER DIGISENSE pH METER

POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATION, EPA 310.1

GRAVIMETRIC 180 C, EPA 160.2

1 AUTOMATED PHENATE METHOD, EPA 350.1

1,2 AUTOMATED PHENATE METHOD, EPA 350.1

623 1 COLORIMETRIC, SEMI-AUTOMATED, EPA 351.2

TOTAL KJELDAHL NITROGEN (mg/1) 625 1,2 COLORIMETRIC, SEMI-AUTOMATED, EPA 351.2

1. SJRWMD2. FIT

-14-

Table 4. (Cont.)

PARAMETER STORET#

NITRATE-NITRITE NITROGEN (mg/1) 630(NOX)

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS (mg/1) 665

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS, DISSOLVED(mg/1) 666

HARDNESS (mg/1) 900

CALCIUM, DISSOLVED (microg/1) 915

MAGNESIUM, DISSOLVED (microg/1) 925

SODIUM, DISSOLVED (microg/1) 930

POTASSIUM, DISSOLVED (microg/1) 935

SAMPLEDBY (*)

METHOD OF ANALYSIS OR FIELDEQUIPMENT USED

1,2 AUTOMATED CADMIUM REDUCTION, EPA 353.2

TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS (mg/1)(RESIDUE, FILTERABLE)

1,2

1

1,2

1,2

1,2

1,2

1,2

CHLORIDE (mg/1) 940 1,2

SULFATE (mg/1) 945 1,2

IRON, DISSOLVED (microg/1) 1046 1,2

CHLOROPHYLL A, UNCORRECTED 32210 1,2CHLOROPHYLL A, CORRECTED 32211CHLOROPHYLL B, UNCORRECTED 32212CHLOROPHYLL C, UNCORRECTED 32214PHEOPHYTIN, UNCORRECTED 32218 1CHLOROPHYLL/PHEOPHYTIN RATIO 32219

ORTHOPHOSPHATE PHOSPHORUS (mg/1) 70507 1,2

TURBIDITY (NTU) 82079 1,2

COLORIMETRIC, SEMI-AUTOMATED, EPA 365.4

COLORIMETRIC, SEMI-AUTOMATED, EPA 365.4

EDTA TITRATION, EPA 140.2

ATOMIC ABSORPTION, EPA 215.1

ATOMIC ABSORPTION, EPA 242.1-1

ATOMIC ABSORPTION, EPA 273.1

ATOMIC ABSORPTION, EPA 258.1(1)OR FLAME PHOTOMETRIC METHOD,STD. METHODS, 14TH ED. (2)

AUTOMATED FERRICYANIDE, EPA 325.2

TURBIDIMETRIC, EPA 375.4

ATOMIC ABSORPTION, EPA 236.1-1

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD,STD. METHODS,SECTION 1002G, PG 950(all in microg/1)

70300 1,2 GRAVIMETRIC 180 C, EPA 160.1

SINGLE REAGENT METHOD, EPA 365.2

NEPHELOMETRIC, EPA 180.1

1. SJRWMD2. FIT

-15-

Table 5. Pesticide analysis parameters

PARAMETER

ALDRINCHLORDANEDDTDEMETONENDOSULFAN 1ENDRINGUTHIONHEPTACHLORLINDANEMALATHIONMETHOXYCHLORMIREXPARATHIONTOXAPHENE

STORETNUMBER

CLASS 1STANDARD(microg/1)

3933039350399003956034361393903958039410393403953039480397553960039400

00000000000000

.003

.01

.001

.1

.003

.004

.01

.001

.01

.1

.03

.03

.04

.005

MDLPROPOSED*(microg/1 )

0.0030.010.0010.10.0030.0010.010.0010.00050.020.010.0010.020.01

MDLACHIEVED(microg/1)

0.0040.010.010.010.010.0010.010.0030.00050.010.010.0010.010.1

* METHOD 608 MINIMUM DETECTION LIMITS

-16-

description of sample collection techniques , re fer to the SJRWMD WaterQuality Monitoring Field Manual (Fall and Osburn 1985 ) .

In the work performed by Florida Institute of Technology( F I T ) , one gallon grab samples were collected as close to the pumpdischarge as possible . Chemical analysis of all samples was performedin accordance with EPA recommended procedures as described in EPAdocument EPA/600-4-79-020 (Table 4 ) . One sample from each site wasanalyzed in duplicate and EPA reference samples were routinelyanalyzed .

Compliance data provided to FDER by Deseret Ranches ofFlorida, Inc . , Rollins Blue Cypress Ranch, Fellsmere Joint Ventures,I n c . , and Berry Groves , I n c . , were tabulated for comparison. Noquality assurance information was provided with the data . Sampleanalysis was performed for Deseret by Bionomics Analytical Laboratory ,for Rollins Ranch by Flowers Chemical Laboratories , and for BerryGroves and Fellsmere Joint Ventures by Flowers, Pioneer Laboratories,or Agri-Business Cooperative . One hundred f i f ty- two samples werecollected from 12 different pumps from 1981 to 1986 . According to thepermit conditions , compliance samples should be collected at the pumpintake. Samples were generally analyzed for pH , specific conductance,dissolved oxygen , five day biochemical oxygen demand , total suspendedsolids, total dissolved solids, chloride, sulfate , total Kje ldahlnitrogen, nitrate and/or nitrite nitrogen, total phosphorus, andselected pesticides .

-17-

RESULTS

COMPARISON OF PUMP DISCHARGE TO RECEIVING WATER BODY AND WATER QUALITYSTANDARDS

Dissolved Oxygen and Biochemical Oxygen Demand

Median dissolved oxygen concentration in pump discharges was2.8 mg/1 and ranged from 0.0 to 9.5 mg/1 (Table 6 ) . Only 11 percentof the discharges met the minimum state water quality standard of 5mg/1 (Chapter 17-3, Florida Administrative C o d e ) . In comparison,median dissolved oxygen in the receiving water body was 3 .5 mg/1 andranged from 0 to 11 .8 mg/1 . Thirty-nine percent of the measurementsexceeded 5 mg/1 .

Pump discharges contained a slightly higher BOD (median = 2 .7mg/1) than the receiving water body (median = 1.6 m g / 1 ) .

Suspended Solids and Turbidity

The median suspended solids concentration of pump discharges ,10 .8 mg/1 , was four times higher than that of the receiving waterbody , at 2 .7 mg/1 . Values exceeding 100 mg/1 were observed atFellsmere 's N o . 10 and N o . 6 pumps (MAP, ZZP ; see Table 1, Figure 3for pump designations). High suspended solid levels in the receivingwater body were recorded at marsh sites and ref lect the d i f f icul ty ofcollecting water samples in a shallow marsh .

Median turbidity levels in pump discharges were 4 .2 NTU andranged from 1 .1 to 73 .0 NTU . Violations of state water qualitystandards were observed twice, at Fellsmere 's N o . 10 (MAP) and N o . 5(ZZPX ) pumps. Turbidity levels in the receiving water body were muchlower , with a median concentration of 1 .3 mg/1 . In 314 measurements ,no violations of Chapter 17-3 standards were observed in the receivingwater body .

-19-

Table 6. Comparison of upper St. Johns River basin pump discharge qualityto the receiving water body

PUMP DISCHARGE RECEIVING WATER BODY

PARAMETER

WATER TEMP (Deg C)SECCHI (in)COLOR (CPU)COND.(micromhos/cm)D.O. (mg/1)B.O.D. (mg/1)pH (S.U.)ALKALINITY (mg/1)SUSP.SOL.(mg/1)DISS.NH4 (mg/1)TOT. NH4 (mg/1)DISS.TKN (mg/1)TOT. TKN (mg/1)NOX (mg/1)TOT. PHOS (mg/1)DISS.PHOS (mg/1)HARDNESS (mg/1)CALCIUM (microg/1)MAGNESIUM (microg/1)SODIUM (microg/1)POTASSIUM (microg/1)CHLORIDE (mg/1)SULFATE (mg/1)CHL A (microg/1)CHL A/C (microg/1)T.D.S. (mg/1)ORTHOPHOS (mg/1)TURBIDITY (NTU)

MEDIAN MIN-MAX, NUMBER MEDIAN MIN-MAX, NUMBER

2618243660226

123100022.000

2438226214924564

52804

.4

.0

.0

.0

.8

.7

.8

.0

.8

.32

.17

.42

.22

.08

.15

.15

.0

.0

.0

.4

.4

.0

.0

.9

.3

.0

.09

.2

15 .0-3110-36

.5,9

68-833,75-1550,

2510010000

005.........

.0-9.

.4-6.

.8-7.0-2370-18705-0.01-1.40-5.90-5.00-2.04-1.03-0.

5,7,5,.0,.0,89,84,78,93,36,16,49,

27-510,34

2

121

.7,

2,

.

00

0-129.7-390-162.1-9.0-3240-290

.0,

.0,

.0,4,.0,.0,

.7-198,

.0-178,108-1085,0101-0..1-73

84,.0,

4517654344564060621152115464621356308303064605226576364

2430175360

316

512001100098266322701542

27001

.0

.0

.0

.0

.5

.6

.7

.0

.7

.04

.05

.48

.51

.02

.08

.06

.0

.0

.6

.0

.2

.0

.0

.3

.4

.0

.04

.3

10

0

4.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.

5.1

6.08.0

00

.0-33.5,3-72,40-1100,60-3150,.0-11.8,0.1-7.6,5.0-9.6,5-153.0,1-145.0,00-0.47,00-1.10,77-4.27,59-4.71,00-1.51,01-0.80,00-0.58,24-1100,7-106.0,.2-65.0,6-310.0,.06-7.6,0-627.0,.0-1000,0.0-250,0.0-242,74-2340,.0-0.56,.1-35.0,

4012263113454013103143083117715070

147312289127224129129128129314310293228305314314

-20-

Metals and Minerals

For pumps which discharged to Class I wa te r s , no violations ofthe chloride standard were observed. The highest chlorideconcentrations (192-199 tng/1) were observed at Fellsmere 's N o . 10(MAP) and Deseret 's OG12 (BDP) pumps. During the study per iod,chloride levels in the Class I receiving water body exceeded 250 mg/1on four occasions, each at Station SMO . Since this station is locatedin a canal upstream of most of the pump discharges and the violationsoccurred in February 1982, May 1984, and May 1986, the high chloridelevels are probably due to bank seepage and evaporation, notagricultural pump discharge . The instantaneous water quality standardfor total dissolved solids (less than 1000 mg/1) was violated once atFel lsmere 's N o . 4 pump ( IMP) .

Pump discharges were generally more mineralized than thereceiving water body. Mean calcium, magnesium, potassium, sulfate ,and alkalinity levels in pump discharges were twice those found in thereceiving water body (Table 6 ) .

Nutrients

Nutrient levels in pump discharges were generally two to fivetimes higher than levels found in the receiving water body . The pumpstypically discharged high levels of inorganic nitrogen , exhibitingmedian concentrations of 0 .08 mg/1 for nitrate-nitrite nitrogen and0.17 mg/1 for ammonia nitrogen , compared to 0 .02 mg/1 and 0 .03 mg/1 ,respectively, in the receiving water body (Table 6 ) . Median totalphosphorus and orthophosphate concentrations in the pump dischargeswere 0 .15 mg/1 and 0 .09 mg/1 , respectively , compared to 0 .08 mg/1 and0.04 mg/1 in the receiving water body .

Pumps discharged nutrients primarily in a dissolved form . Anaverage 67 percent of the total phosphorus, 75 percent of the ammonia,and 94 percent of the total Kjeldahl nitrogen were not removed byfiltering .

Pesticides

Concentrations of 14 selected pesticides (Table 5) were belowminimum detection limits for 13 pump discharge samples and 71 ambientwater quality samples .

COMPARISONS BETWEEN PUMPS

Water quality varied considerably among pumps (Appendix B ) .Fellsmere 's pumps, Nos . 5 /6 , 10, and 4 ( Z Z P / Z Z P X , MAP , and LMP )discharged nitrate-nitrite concentrations much higher than theremaining pumps (Figure 5 ) , ranging from 0 .32 to 0.81 mg/1. Median

-21-

Figure 5. Comparison of pump discharge quality: ammonia, total Kjeldahland nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen

t .

fl

NITRATE + NITRITE

l i l t~|

1 I

c0NCENTRATI0N

M6

L

N

5 .

4 .

3 .

2 .

TOTAL KJELDAHL NITROGENAMMONIA NITROGEN

77,

BDPX NMP DDP TUP BDP IIP

PUMP STATIONS

MAP LMP

-22-

ammonia and total Kje ldahl nitrogen concentrations were highest forFellsmere 's pump No . 4 (LMP ) , at 0 .27 mg/1 and 5 .91 mg/1 ,respectively. Tucker ' s Far Reach Ranch pump (TUP) and Fellsmere 's N o .10 (MAP) pump discharged the highest levels of total phosphorus,exhibiting median concentrations of 0 .35 and 0 .54 mg/1 , respectively(Figure 6 ) . Deseret pumps Nos . P5 and OG12 (NMP and BDP) consistentlyexhibited the lowest nutrient levels of the nine pumps sampled .

The predominant form of agr icul ture within a pump 's drainagearea is correlated to the water quality of its e f f luen t (Table 7 ) .Pumps which drain pasture and lands of livestock production exhibithigher color and phosphorus concentrations . The relatively moreintensive land uses of citrus and row crops exhibit a higher degree ofmineralization (higher specific conductance, total dissolved solids,sulfa te , chloride, total alkal ini ty, calcium, and magnesium) moresuspended material (total suspended solids and tu rb id i ty ) , and agreater amount of nitrogen in the mineral form (nitrate-nitri te,dissolved ammonia, and dissolved total Kjeldahl n i t rogen) .

COMPARISON OF PUMP DISCHARGE QUALITY TO REGULATORY COMPLIANCEDATA

Data supplied by the landowners depicted pump dischargequality similar to that documented by SJRWMD and F I T , with theexception of suspended solids (Table 8 ) . Median total suspendedsolids was 197 .5 mg/1 at the Berry Groves and Fellsmere Joint Venturespumps . When these samples were deleted from the compliance data set ,the median of total suspended solids for the remaining samples (n = 81)was 7.0 mg/1, similar to the median of 10.8 mg/1 observed through theSJRWMD sampling program . According to the compliance data , waterquality standards for dissolved oxygen were violated 79 percent of thetime . No violations of the Class I water quality standards for totaldissolved solids were observed. Two samples, out of 92 col lec ted ,exceeded the 250 mg/1 chloride standard, measuring 255 and 280 mg/1 .One violation of the water quality standard for the pesticide Lindanewas observed at Rollins Blue Cypress Ranch .

-23-

Figure 6. Comparison of pump discharge quality: orthophosphate andtotal phosphorus

c0NCENTRATI0N

MG

L

P

048

0,7

8.6

0.5

0.4 _

0.2 .

0.1 -

8

TOTAL PHOSPHORUSORTHOPHOSPHATE

m

7777,

w,.BDPX

\NMP

IDDP

ITUP

IBDP 2ZP

PUMP STATIONS

IMAP

IIMP

-24-

Table 7. Comparison of upper St. Johns River basin pasture and citrus/rowcrop pumps by median concentration

PASTURE PUMPS

PARAMETER MEDIAN

WATER TEMP (Deg C) 26.5COLOR (CPU) 300.0COND. (micromhos/cm) 450.0D.O. (mg/1) 1.1B.O.D. (mg/1) 3.2PH (S.U.) 6.5ALKALINITY (mg/1) 56.0SUSP.SOL. (mg/1) 6.0DISS. NH4 (mg/1) 0.23TOT. NH4 (mg/1) 0.12DISS. TKN (mg/1) 2.03TOT. TKN (mg/1) 2.14NOX (mg/1) 0.03TOT.PHOS.(mg/1) 0.23DISS. PHOS. (mg/1) 0.14HARDNESS (mg/1) 137.0CALCIUM (micg/1) 34.4MAGNESIUM (micg/1) 13.9SODIUM (micg/1) 6.0POTASSIUM (micg/1) 3.5CHLORIDE (mg/1) 64.0SULFATE (mg/1) 23.0CHLOROPHYLL A (micg/ 1) 5.5T.D.S. (mg/1) 304.0ORTHOPHOSPHATE (mg/1) 0.17TURBIDITY (NTU) 2.8

MIN-MAX, NUMBER

CIRUS/ROW CROP PUMPS

MEDIAN MIN-MAX, NUMBER

15120

52510.0.1.0.0.0.0.273068.

1210

.0-31.5

.0-550.75-15500.0-8.81.1-6.1.8-7.35.0-169..0-28.008-0.6301-1.8457-2.4295-5.2100-0.3406-0.7512-0.24.0-446..0-107..0-37.03-162.92.1-9.2.0-324..0-290..7-35.8

,o,9

9

,

9

o,9

y

,

9

9

9

,

9

o,0,9

9

9

o,o,9

108-1085,01.01-0.51,.1-14.0 9

16191516171317184

144

1619184155455191716171818

26200800326

150130032000

280842921498618

55405

.2

.0

.0

.8

.6

.9

.0

.0

.58

.18

.20

.40

.25

.16

.12

.0

.1

.0

.4

.5

.0

.5

.2

.0

.09

.5

20.68.

5-30.0-833

0,.0,

77-1450,0.0.6.75.1.0.0.1.0.0.0.0.29.36.1322

38.14.1.

5-9.54-6.72-7.50-2375-18705-0.02-1.40-5.90-5.00-2.04-1.03-0.2-5100-129.0-39.0-72.5-9.0-1990-2091-197

»*

,.0,.0,89,50,78,93,36,16,49,.0,.0,.0,-0,4,.0,.0,.8,

284-1042,0.101-0..4-73

84,.0,

24352423302332337

287

2734339

311951919343226303435

-25-

Table 8. Comparison of pump discharge quality to FDER regulatory compliance data

PARAMETER

COND. (micromhos/cm)D.O. (mg/1)B.O.D. (mg/1)pH (S.U.)SUSP.SOL. (mg/1)NOX (mg/1)TOT. TKN (mg/1)TOT. PHOS.(mg/l)CHLORIDE (mg/1)SULFATE (mg/1)T.D.S. (mg/1)TURBIDITY (NTU)

SJRWMD/FIT DATA


FDER COMPLIANCE DATA


6602261002092455284

.0

.8

.7

.8

.8

.08

.22

.15

.0

.0

.0

.2

75-1550,0051

0.0.0.12.1.1081

.0-9.

.4-6.

.8-7.

5,7,5,

.0-187,00-2.90-5.04-1.0-3240-290

36,93,16,.0,.0,

.0-1085,

.1-73 .0,

434456406264546264605764

740337

39020

3569963

.0

.1

.0

.2

.0

.14

.12

.10

.0

.0

.0

.1

200-2000,00.0-13.0-376.3-8

.1,

.5,

.2,1.0-720,

0.0.0.18.1.1981

00-3.30-1200-5.0-4850-922

20,.0,10,.0,.8,

.0-1210,

.1-22•0,

1941771681921941941941941941938712

-26-

DISCUSSION

Much of the variation in water quality among pump discharges ref lectsvariation in soil type and land use . Drainage and oxidation of highlyorganic peat and muck soils produces large amounts of nitrogen , whileperiodic reflooding releases high levels of phosphorus (Steward 1987) .Pumps which exhibited the highest nitrate-nitrite and high totalKjeldahl nitrogen concentrations (Fellsmere 's pumps, Nos . 5, 6, 10,and 4) drained row crops or citrus on predominantly peat or mucksoils. Duda & Sons pump (DDP) , which drained pasture on muck soils,had high levels of total Kjeldahl nitrogen , but low levels of nitrate-nitrite . Since lands in pasture undergo less water table variationthan those under irrigation and drainage , and less aeration throughcultivation , they are less prone to the conversion of organic nitrogento nitrate and subsequent leaching .

The contribution of inorganic nitrogen by drained organicsoils is illustrated by comparing similar land uses on d i f fe ren tsoils. Median nitrate-nitrite was 0.02 mg/1 at Deseret 's OG12 pump(citrus on sandy soil) compared to 0.35 mg/1 at Fellsmere 's N o . 6 pump(citrus on muck soi l ) . The pattern of median total nitrogenconcentrations for pumps which drain pasture (Duda & Sons > DeseretN o . P8 > Tucker > Deseret N o . P5) ref lects the decreasing amount ofpeat or muck soils contributing to each pump .

There is evidence to suggest that soil type has an influenceon phosphorus concentration in pump e f f luen t . Median total phosphoruslevels were 0 .54 mg/1 and 0 .16 mg/1 , respect ively, for Fellsmere 'sNos . 10 and 4 pumps , which both drain row crops with some pasture .Extractable phosphorus levels for Terra Ceia and Gator Muck , whichdominate the area drained by pump No . 4 , are low (Huckle 1 9 7 4 ) .However , extractable phosphorus levels are approximately five timeshigher for Monteverde and Micco pea ts , which dominate the Mary A Farm(No . 10 pump ) .

Nutrient loads contributed by Fellsmere 's Nos . 10 and 4 pumpsand Tucker 's Far Reach Ranch pump should be reduced by the Upper St .Johns River Basin Project . Large portions of their contributingfloodplain agricultural lands will be restored as wetlands for floodcontrol , wi ldl i fe habitat , and water quality improvement (U .S . Corpsof Engineers 1985). Approximately 24 ,300 acres of agricultural landsdrained by pumps have been purchased by SJRWMD for this purpose (Table9 ) . Pumps which drain Lake Miami Ranch, Tucker ' s Far Reach Ranch, theD . C . Scott property , and Fellsmere 's Mary A Farm west of the 'Q 'Levee (No . 12 pump) have been or will be eliminated complete ly .

-27-

Table 9. Agricultural lands subject to pump drainage that willbe restored to wetlands

LANDOWNER ACRES

Fellsmere Joint VenturesFarm 13 3680Mary A 6100

D. C. Scott 4122

G. A. Tucker and Sons 2089Far Reach Ranch

J. A. SartoriWillowbrook Farms East 2803Willowbrook Farms West 2705

Lake Miami Ranch 2818

LAND USE

Row crop, pasture, woodsRow crop

Row crop, pasture

Pasture

Row cropPasture

Citrus, pasture

24,317 Acres

-28-

Fellsmere 's No . A pump has been dismantled and approximately 3 ,680acres of row crop and pasture are being reflooded .

In addition to reducing the acreage drained by pumps in thebasin , the project will segregate and detain some agricultural runoffin Water Management Areas (Figure 7 ) . Fellsmere 's Nos . 5 and 6 pumps,a relocated No . 4 pump , and Berry Groves pump will discharge to theSt . Johns Water Management Area (SJWMA ) . The long retention times(minimum of 38 days) provided by the SJWMA are expected to reducesuspended solids, BOD, and inorganic nitrogen levels. However ,Fellsmere Joint Ventures plans to convert approximately 8 ,000 acres ofimproved pasture to c i t rus , row c rop , watercress , and sod. Thisintensification of land use will occur on predominantly organic soils(Gator , Canova , and Terra Ceia m u c k ) and should increase the net

nitrogen load discharged by Fellsmere 's pumps . The net e f fec t on thereceiving water body will depend on the nutrient removal ability ofthe SJWMA .

Large agricultural detention reservoirs in the upper St . JohnsRiver basin reduced inorganic nitrogen concentrations by 85 to 89percent (Fall and Hendrickson 1988), part ly through conversion toorganic nitrogen . Typically , total nitrogen and phosphorusconcentrations were reduced by less than 50 percent . Dissolved oxygenlevels increased by about one-third in the St . Johns Water ControlDistrict reservoir . Reductions in chloride and total dissolved solidsconcentrations were not significant , statistically . Therefore , thereservoirs seem to be an appropriate method to reduce nutrient levels,particularly inorganic nitrogen , discharged by agricul turaloperations. However , the reservoirs are less effect ive at addressingthe mineralization and dissolved oxygen problems which beset the upperSt . Johns River basin unless they reduce the volume discharged and ,thereby , reduce pollutant loads .

Pesticide samples were analyzed for species listed in Chapter17-3 F A .C . (Table 3 ) . It is not known whether these pesticides wereapplied in the study area . In addition , the sampling intervals werenot designed to match the recommended application times for theanalyzed pesticides . Although one can conclude that the analyzedpesticides are not persistently present in the receiving water body ,fur ther conclusions regarding the source or presence of additionalpesticide species are unwarranted .

-29-

Figure. 7« Upper St, Johus Rlv?.;,' bae:!n project map

|P3) TAYLOR CREFIK

LEVEE

WATER CONTROL STRUCTURE

CULVERT OR WEIR STRUCTURE

LOW BERM

DISTRICT FEE TITLE

AOU1SITION

DISTRICT FLOWAGE ORSTORAGE EASEMENT

TRUSTEE INTERNALIMPROVEMENT FUND

WATER MANAGEMENT AREA

MARSH CONSERVATION AREA

CANAL NUMBER

ELEVATED ROADGRADE

-30-

CONCLUSION

Agricul tural pumps in the upper St . Johns River basin discharged waterof poorer quality than that of the receiving water body . Nutrient ,suspended solid, and mineral levels were two to five times higher inpump discharges compared to the receiving water body . Dissolvedoxygen levels in pump discharges were generally below state waterquality standards and the levels found in the receiving water body .Regulatory compliance data submitted to FDER documented resultssimilar to the SJRWMD monitoring program .

Differences in water quality discharged by individual pumpswere due primarily to soil type and land use . Intensive drainage oforganic soils , which produced the poorest water quality , should bediscouraged or treatment before discharge be required . The Upper St .Johns River Basin Project will eliminate selected pumps and reduce thedrainage area of others .

-31-

LITERATURE CITED

Belanger , T . V . , S . D . Van Vonderen , and T . J . Carberry . 1983 .Analysis of selected water quality factors in the upper St . JohnsRiver basin . Report to the St . Johns River Water ManagementDistrict . Melbourne , Fla . : Florida Institute of Technology .

CH2M H i l l . 1979. Assessment of water quality . Report for DeseretRanches of Florida . Gainesville , Fla .

Fall , C . J . and W . L . Osburn . 1985 . Water quality monitoring fieldmanual . Pa la tka , F l a . : St . Johns River Water Management Distr ict .

Fall , C . J . and J . C . Hendrickson . 1988 . An investigation of theSt . Johns Water Control District : Reservoir water quality and farmpractices . Technical Publication SJ 88-5 . Palatka , Fla . : St . JohnsRiver Water Management District .

Florida Department of Environmental Regulation . 1982 . St . JohnsRiver—Water Quality . February , 1982. Orlando, F l a . : S t . JohnsRiver District .

Buckle , H . F . , H . D . Dollar , and R . F . Pendleton . 1974 . Soil surveyof Brevard County , Florida . Washington, D .C . : Soil ConservationService , U . S . Department of Agriculture .

Lowe , E . F . , J . E . Brooks , C . J . Fall , L . R . Gerry , and G . B . Hal l .1984 . Diagnostic study . U . S . EPA Clean Lakes Program, Phase I ,diagnostic-feasibility study of the upper St . Johns River chain oflakes . V o l . I . Technical Publication SJ 84-15. Pa la tka , F l a . : S t .Johns River Water Management District .

St . Johns River Water Management District . 1980 . Upper St . JohnsRiver basin surface water management plan , vo l . 2 . Pala tka , Fla .

Steward, J. S. 1987. Potential nutrient loss from drained andflooded peat soils in the upper St . Johns River basin ( D r a f t ) .Palatka , Fla . : St . Johns River Water Management District .

Sull ivan, J . H. 1979. E f f e c t s of Agricultural Discharges in theUpper St . Johns River . Gainesville , Fla . : Water and Air Research .

-33-

U .S . Army Corps of Engineers. 1985. Spt . 2, Upper St . Johns andrelated areas . General design memorandum ; Upper St . Johns Riverbasin . Pt . 3 , Central and southern Florida project for floodcontrol and other purposes . Jacksonville , Fla . : JacksonvilleDistrict .

-34-

Appendix A

STATION DESCRIPTIONS AND DATA

-35-

NAME: ZZP STATION CODE: 4 LAT: 274156 LONG: 804030 STATION ID: 1

COUNTY: 61 TOPO QUAD: FELLSMERE 4 NW STATION NUMBER: SSJ52010 SOURCE OF DATA: SJRUMD

COMMENTS: ZIGZAG PUMP IN FLOODWAY, DUE WEST OF SR 512

02/08/1982 - 10/01/1986

16 SAMPLES

415 TOTAL MEASUREMENTS

NAME: ZZPX STATION CODE: 4 LAT: 274255 LONG: 804235 STATION ID: 1

COUNTY: 61 TOPO QUAD: FELLSMERE 4 NU STATION NUMBER: SSJ91070 SOURCE OF DATA: SJRWMD

COMMENTS: GRAB SAMPLE AT PUMP ON ZIG/ZAG CANAL

08/28/1984 - 08/28/1984

1 SAMPLES


NAME: LMP STATION CODE: 4 LAT: 274637 LONG: 804437 STATION ID: 1

COUNTY: 61 TOPO QUAD: FELLSMERE SW STATION NUMBER: SSJ52090 SOURCE OF DATA: SJRWMD

COMMENTS: FELLSMERE PUMP ON LATERAL M NORTH OF ZIGZAG CANAL

05/03/1982 - 10/18/1985

7 SAMPLES


NAME: MAP STATION CODE: 4 LAT: 275159

COUNTY: 9 TOPO QUAD: KENANSVILLE SE STATION NUMBER:

COMMENTS: MARY A PUMP (FELLSMERE JOINT VENTURE)

07/22/1982 - 08/09/1985

7 SAMPLES


LONG: 8049 7 STATION ID: 1

SSJ53010 SOURCE OF DATA: SJRWMD

NAME: TUP STATION CODE: 4 LAT: 275155 LONG: 8048 5 STATION ID: 1

COUNTY: 9 TOPO QUAD: KENANSVILLE SE STATION NUMBER: SSJ53015 SOURCE OF DATA: SJRUMD

COMMENTS: TUCKER PUMP- NE CORNER OF FAR REACH RANCH

07/30/1984 - 09/24/1985

4 SAMPLES


NAME: BDP STATION CODE: 4 LAT: 275950 LONG: 804938 STATION ID: 1

COUNTY: 9 TOPO QUAD: KENANSVILLE NE STATION NUMBER: SSJ53100 SOURCE OF DATA: SJRUMD

COMMENTS: BULLDOZER CANAL PUMP OG11-12, DRAINS CITRUS AREA

05/26/1982 - 01/06/1987

14 SAMPLES


NAME: NMP STATION CODE: 4 LAT: 281254 LONG: 805147 STATION ID: 1

COUNTY: 9 TOPO QUAD: DEER PARK NE STATION NUMBER: SSJ55025 SOURCE OF DATA: SJRWMD

COMMENTS: NORTH MORMON OUTSIDE CANAL AT DESERET PUMP #P5

05/05/1982 - 01/06/1987

3 SAMPLES


NAME: DDP STATION CODE: 4

COUNTY: 9 TOPO QUAD: L POINSETT

COMMENTS: DUDA PUMP NORTH OF LAKE WINDER

11/03/1983 - 10/16/1985

6 SAMPLES


LAT: 281615 LONG: 804926 STATION ID: 1

STATION NUMBER: SSJ55185 SOURCE OF DATA: SJRWMD

-36-

F I E L D

S A M P L E

ZZPA8202081400ZZPF8206181600ZZPF8206240840ZZPF8206251630ZZPA8305021611ZZPA8306011051ZZPX8310311616ZZPX8408021235

ZZPA8408281010ZZPX841 1061007ZZPA8505010935ZZPX8507251320ZZPA8507251335ZZPA8610011155

ZZPX8408281025

LMPA8205031458LMPA821 101 1318LMPA8310311330

LMPA8408021150LMPA8507251250LMPA85091 10850LHPA85 101 80907

MAPA8507250941

TUPA8407301630

TUPA8507250833TUPA8509200947TUPA8509241601

BDPF8205270000BDPF82071 20000

BDPX82071 20001BDPX8507251032BDPX8509200909BDPX8509241410BDPX8701 061025

NMPA8205051418NMPA8701061515

DDPA8311031356

DDPA8408011055

DDPA8410011340

DDPA8510031117

DDPA8510161003

SAMPLE

DEPTH

3/98

FT/MT

0.5 MT

0.2 MT0.5 MT

0.5 MT

0.5 MT

0.5 MT

0.5 MT

0.5 MT

5.0 MT

0.5 MT

0.5 MT

0.5 MT

0.5 MT0.5 MT0.5 MT0.5 MT

0.5 MT

0.5 MT

0.5 MT0.5 MT

0.5 MT

0.5 MT

0.5 MT

0.5 MT

0.3 MT

0.1 MT

0.5 MT

0.5 MT

0.5 MT

0.5 MT

0.5 MT

STREAM WATER

DEPTH TEMP

97/198 10

FT/MT DEG C

2.2 MT 22.026.726.428.4

0.7 MT 23.226.023.526.027.0

0.5 MT 23.5

28.027.027.0

28.0

0.5 MT 24.50.8 MT 20.51.0 MT 22.5

26.026.028.027.0

25.0

29.525.0

29.0

26.430.131.325.0

29.0

1.0 MT 15.0

0.3 MT 24.51.0 MT 15.0

22.528.0

2.0 MT 25.027.026.0

AIR TEMP

20DEG C

23.0

31.5

31.0

17.5

30.030.031.0

26.0

31.030.030.029.0

30.0

29.030.0

31.0

30.0

31.020.0

24.520.0

31.032.0

CLOUD

COVER

32%

100.

50.30.

10.

0.

10.10.40.

100.

100.100.10.10.

40.50.

10.

100.10.

40.

10.

40.20.

30.20.

40.100.40.60.

WIND DIR

36DEG

345.0

180.0270.0

90.0

350.0

0.00.010.0

90.0

45.0

90.00.095.090.0

0.0

90.00.0

360.0

0.0

360.025.0

45.025.0

90.0

185.0

WIND

SPEED

35

MPH

7.

3.

10.

6.

25.

0.0.2.

6.2.10.6.0.4.5.

0.

10.0.

8.

0.

8.15.

2.15.

6.

10.

SECCHI

77

IN

30.0

36.0

30.0

10.024.0

12.0

18.0

10.0

36.018.024.0

18.0

16.0

12.0

FLOW COND DO PH

61 94/95 299/300 400

CFS UMHOS/CM MG/L STD UNIT

725.

575.

750.880.550.1150.660.1100.600.800.600.600.

77.

650.

1150.1050.850.

1450.800.1000.800.

800.

650.600.222.165.

1150.650.290.450.368.

350.

900.400.

1100.1200.1550.700.260.

3.20

4.60

2.50

4.60

1.10

0.50

4.80

2.10

4.30

1.50

4.80

4.30

6.00

4.10

9.50

2.20

3.30

4.70

1.10

3.75

5.20

3.00

1.90

0.05

3.70

1.40

4.35

2.00

0.60

8.80

4.00

1.00

1.10

0.20

2.00

0.05

0.10

7.20

7.20

6.90

6.90

6.20

7.50

6.70

6.90

7.22

7.40

6.90

7.10

6.80

7.21

7.30

6.50

6.80

6.70

6.50

6.70

6.90

7.35

6.80

6.20

6.80

7.10

6.65

7.20

6.60

6.20

6.40

6.90

6.50

6.00

-37-

L A B O R A T O

S A M P L E

ZZPA8202081400ZZPF8206181600ZZPF8206240840ZZPF8206250000ZZPF8206251630ZZPF82081 60000ZZPA8305021611ZZPA8306011051ZZPX8310311616

ZZPX8408021235ZZPA8408281010ZZPX841 1061007ZZPA8505010935ZZPX8507251320ZZPA8507251335ZZPA8610011155

R Y DTURB82079

NTU

2.27.33.35.63.64.64.4

6.619.03.64.07.11.5

73.03.78.1

A T AALK410MG/L

150.0109.0151.0161.0119.0186.0102.0118.0123.0

150.0112.0140.099.0

150.0

S U M MHARD

900MG/L

260.0

202.0262.0306.0272.029.2176.0150.0234.0

320.0188.0280.0210.0

A R YCOLOR

80/81

PT-CO

100.

120.284.286.342.498.175.

175.200.300.100.140.125.180.140.150.

(MINERALS AND BIOLOGICAL)

SULFATE

945

MG/L

62.056.072.090.078.068.314.0

21.025.0

128.035.094.061.038.0

CHLORIDE

940/941MG/L

110.0

100.0110.0

97.0112.0110.080.0

75.086.0

90.0

76.0120.071.068.0

151.0

BOD310MG/L

2.42.11.42.63.02.76.3

4.02.82.1

1.61.93.21.4

2.3

RES DISS

70300

MG/L

542.

443.547.

593.560.546.381.

438.

575.418.529.437.

473.

RES SUS TOC

530 680

MG/L MG/L

3.0

13.2

5.8

20.85.62.4

114.023.078.08.0

29.51.599.011.02.0

CHL A

32210

UG/L

2.301 .103.608.701.605.90

197.8533.009.97

5.47

PHEO A

32218UG/L

1.80

30.636.899.57

0.08

ZZPX8408281025 5.5 140. 90.0

LMPA8205031458LMPA8211011318LMPA831 031 1330LMPA8408021150LMPA8507251250LMPA85091 10850

MAPF8207220000MAPF82081 20000MAPF8209010000MAPA8507250941MAPA8508091210

TUPA8407301630TUPA8507250833TUPA8509200947TUPA8509241601

BDPF8205260000BDPF8205270000BDPF8207 120000BDPX82071 20001BDPF8207200000BDPF8208030000BDPF8208310000BDPX8507251032BDPA8508091300BDPX8509200909

BDPX8509241410

BDPX8701061025

NMPA8205051418

NMPA8403061400

7.34.616.25.65.52.0

33.016.05.33.73.4

6.33.82.4

3.0

1.41.7

15.014.07.47.98.84.014.03.52.03.0

1.8

210.0187.0220.0171.0102.0192.0

123.078.0237.0192.0202.0

150.0169.050.055.0

173.0147.075.036.089.0183.0

135.0140.0171.085.061.073.0

67.0

450.0372.054.0510.0370.0500.0

192.0126.0352.0345.0380.0

214.0245.074.067.0

352.0322.0

238.0120.0296.0288.0

224.0210.0310.0137.094.0

250.0

160.200.400.350.350.450.

833.479.265.140.225.

150.120.350.

350.

75.68.

432.472.244.267 .

243.140.75.300.450.125.

240.120.

180.032.0205.0209.0

191.0207.0

27.415.841.365.065.0

12.019.06.0

9.0

76.095.020.79.358.747.131.232.054.029.023.039.0

76.0

150.0124.095.0105.082.092.0

52.038.0175.0156.0192.0

80.0116.035.0

22.0

199.0199.062.021.0113.0110.083.061.092.038.023.032.0

120.0200.0

5.72.53.43.33.02.5

6.76.63.12.6

6.1L2.51.44.3L

2.52.02.44.2

0.43.32.7

1 .73.01.1

3.6

896.722.898.1042.757.905.

404.284.700.697.791.

406.492.215.180.

681.

632.

242.

542.

528.

439.

422.

571.

284.

217.

218.

659.

23.0

18.0

41 .1

17.0

26.0

12.0

187.0

56.0

10.0

13.0

8.0

17.0

28.0

7.011.0

4.06.812.0

10.0

10.8

6.823.3

19.0

33.0

8.0

3.0

1.0

20.1

20.408.502.2832.10

6.53

23.4029.407.30

32.77

35.80

2.115.18

3.401.907.9010.905.20

13.3019.40

14.715.812.303.63

24.00

3.004.403.7410.10

4.22

7.78

11.90

1.281.52

5.162.651 .661.18

4.40

-38-

L A B O R A T O R Y D A T A S U M M A R Y (MINERALS A N D BIOLOGICAL)

S A M P L E

NMPA8701061515

DDPA8311031356

DDPA8407301300

DDPA8408011055

OOPASA10011340

DDPA8510031117

TURB

82079

NTU

2.5

6.7

1.7

1.3

3.9

ALK HARD COLOR SULFATE CHLORIDE

410 900 80/81 945 940/941

MG/L MG/L PT-CO MG/L MG/L

42.0

36.0 446.0

61.0 242.0

52.0 243.0

150. 45.0

300. 290.0

300.

250. 44.0

280.

450. 97.0

168.0

250.0

255.0

324.0

169.0

BOD RES DISS RES SUS TOC

310 70300 530 680

MG/L MG/L MG/L MG/L

1.1 414.

3.2 1085.

3.5

2.6 811.

4.0 664.

3.0

13.8

1.0

2.0

3.0

CHL A PHEO A

32210 32218

UG/L UG/L

1.22 1.15

10.72 4.33

10.10 8.30

2.24 2.8310.64 1.34

-39-

(NUTRIENTS AND METALS)

S A M P L E

ZZPA8202081400ZZPF8206181600ZZPF8206240840ZZPF8206250000ZZPF8206251630ZZPF82081 60000ZZPA8305021611ZZPA8306011051ZZPX8310311616

ZZPX8408021235ZZPA8408281010ZZPX8411061007ZZPA8505010935ZZPX8507251320ZZPA8507251335ZZPA8610011155

P ORTHO

70507

MG/L

0.0700.2300.0500.1000.0900.1000.055

0.131

0.0880.1070.0690.0460.1720.1140.010

P TOTAL

665

MG/L

0.120

0.240

0.080

0.1700.1200.1400.1840.349

0.1190.1670.0710.0660.4670.2020.037

TKN625MG/L

2.3002.3001.8002.4003.400

5.0501.9903.1801.3404.7701.9001.500

NH3N

610

MG/L

0.150

0.240

0.070

0.110

0.180

1.5000.1750.6030.0580.8620.8910.025

NOX

630MG/L

0.4100.3900.5801.0800.8300.3200.016

0.3200.2110.1480.5830.0211.0601.3300.005

NITRATE POT

620 935

MG/L MG/L

6.60

7.00

7.10

9.402.48

4.90

MAG

925MG/L

13.00

IRON CALCIUM SODIUM

1046 915 930

UG/L MG/L MG/L

0.90 62.50 11.201.00 75.30 18.000.80 91.30 19.001.00 73.70 21.401.02 100.10 10.20

ZZPX8408281025 0.040 0.102 2.860 0.196 0.285

LMPA8205031458LMPA8211011318

LMPA831 031 1330LMPA8408021150LMPA8507251250LMPA85091 10850

MAPF8207220000

MAPF8208120000MAP F820901 0000MAPA8507250941MAPA8508091210

TUPA8407301630

TUPA8507250833TUPA8509200947TUPA8509241601

BDPF8205260000BDPF8205270000BDPF8207120000BDPX82071 20001BDPF8207200000BDPF 8208030000BDPF8208310000BDPX8507251032

BDPA8508091300

BDPX8509200909BDPX8509241410BDPX8701061025

NMPA8205051418

NMPA8403061400

0.030

0.052

0.1520.0840.2200.122

0.6200.8400.1000.3650.207

0.507

0.1230.3280.413

0.0100.0100.2300.0600.0700.0900.0600.2900.0490.0480.0620.009

0.060

0.1400.126

0.1920.4330.155

1 .0301 .1600.1900.5370.283

0.7150.3060.3790.754

0.0600.0500.2700.1400.1100.1400.2900.4730.1270.0710.1190.059

0.1800.104

5.9305.890

4.2004.4003.0003.2402.330

2.950

2.2401.6502.960

0.9001.2002.4002.7001.7002.2002.5002.1601.9202.0502.1201 .310

0.2701.4400.191

0.3500.4200.1700.8620.094

0.0261.8400.0530.312

0.0500.0400.1800.1900.1000.1000.090

0.1180.3930.1860.048

0.010K0.1950.7670.9112.3600.607

0.7200.6700.0600.1640.008

0.005K0.0640.0950.077

0.0200.0200.020K0.020K0.0500.0800.0400.2670.005K0.1480.3170.343

0.010K0.007

444

4

433

3442423

4

.40

.60

.70

.50

.40

.85

.72

.60

.80

.93

.14

.06

.83

.49

.40

39.00 200.0022.00 540.0029.00 1020

32.00 551.

29201590520.

0000.000

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.10

.20

.84

.96

.61

.41

.84

20.00 300.00

124.0078.00

100.00

129.00

60.1036.00104.90

100.9084.9064.1034.4084.1080.1088.90

61.00

72.0069.0059.00

59.00

10.208.7021.90

24.3026.7019.008.3020.9021.402.00

78.00

-40-

L A B O R A T O R Y D A T A S U M M A R Y (NUTRIENTS A N D METALS)

P ORTHO P TOTAL TKN NH3N NOX NITRATE POT MAG IRON CALCIUM SODIUM

70507 665 625 610 630 620 935 925 1046 915 930

S A M P L E M6/L MG/L MG/L MG/L MG/L MG/L MG/L MG/L UG/L MG/L MG/L

NMPA8701061515 0.037 0.099 1.650 0.051 0.029

DDPA8311031356 0.232 0.040 9.20 37.00 1045.00 107.00 162.00

DDPA8407301300 0.213 0.005K

DDPA8408011055 0.215 0.277 4.390 0.529 0.005

DDPA8410011340 0.313 5.210

DDPA8510031117 0.123 0.173 2.790 0.266 0.013 3.50 7.70 415.00 34.00 36.00

-41-

Appendix B

STATISTICAL SUMMARY

-A3-

STATISTICAL SUMMARY FOR FELLSMERE JOINT VENTURES PUMPS #5 & #6STATION NAME:ZZP & ZZPX

123456789

10111213141516171819202122232425262728424344

STORETNUMBER

10778094299310400410530608610623625630665666900915925930935940945104632210322113221832219703007050782079

DATAMEAN

25.9123.67203.24694.073.462.657.01

133.5727.790.350.392.482.680.470.160.11

222.2578.3213.0022.306.2596.6260.1623.7926.9554.399.791.47

498.620.099.59

DATAMEDIAN

26.5527.00175.00655.004.202.407.00

131.5011.000.360.182.592.300.350.130.11

234.0074.5013.0018.506.8093.5061.501.005.6817.376.891.56

529.000.094.60

DATASTD DEV

2.0310.54106.13258.381.651.230.3325.5537.390.300.450.891.160.410.110.0777.4014.50—

16.152.3421.8131.8855.9560.7783.5812.260.2069.190.0516.80

DATAMINIMUM

22.0010.00100.0077.000.501.406.2099.001.500.050.021.401.340.000.040.0329.2062.5013.0010.202.4868.0014.000.801.104.280.081.22

381.000.011.50

DATAMAXIMUM

28.4036.00498.001150.00

6.006.307.50

186.00114.000.631.503.355.051.330.470.19

320.00100.1013.0054.009.40

151.00128.00138.00197.85178.5530.631.68

593.000.2373.00

COUNT

146

171414151414154

134

1316165

136166

16146

10455

131617

-44-

STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF FELLSMERE JOINT VENTURES PUMP // 4STATION NAME: LMP

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728424344

STORETNUMBER

10778094299310400410530608610623625630665666900915925930935940945104632210322113221832219703007050782079

DATAMEAN

24.9314.00318.331014.29

4.093.406.75

180.3322.850.470.634.875.910.810.210.17

376.00107.7530.5064.754.55

108.00170.67577.7513.9610.045.091.35

870.000.116.87

DATAMEDIAN

26.0014.00350.001000.00

3.533.156.70

189.5020.500.470.274.875.910.690.160.12

411.00112.0030.5064.004.55

100.00198.00545.508.504.014.221.34

897.000.105.55

DATASTD DEV

2.645.66

114.09234.012.931.190.2942.0910.180.400.701.280.030.830.130.15

168.8523.537.056.750.1325.0268.84336.8612.1614.062.850.23

115.710.074.89

DATAMINIMUM

20.5010.00160.00800.001.102.506.50

102.0012.000.190.193.975.890.010.130.0454.0078.0022.0059.004.4082.0032.00200.002.280.003.001.00

722.000.032.00

DATAMAXIMUM

28.0018.00450.001450.00

9.505.707.30

220.0041.100.751.445.785.932.360.430.33

510.00129.0039.0072.004.70

150.00209.001020.0032.1026.1010.101.60

1042.000.2216.20

COUNT

7267666662322653644446645355666

-45-

STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF FELLSMERE JOINT VENTURES PUMP # 10STATION NAME: MAP

13456789

101112131415161718202122232425262728424344

STORETNUMBER

108094299310400410530608610623625630665666900915930935940945104632210322113221832219703007050782079

DATAMEAN

25.00388.40800.005.204.756.90

166.4054.800.890.383.203.430.320.640.49

279.0067.0013.603.99

122.6042.90

1676.6723.2228.337.781.55

575.200.4312.28

DATAMEDIAN

25.00265.00800.005.204.856.90

192.0013.000.890.353.203.240.160.540.49

345.0060.1010.203.85

156.0041.30

1590.0026.4028.337.781.55

697.000.375.30

DATASTD DEV

—278.17——2.20—

64.4376.52—0.30—0.860.340.44—

112.7734.967.230.3672.1422.10

1202.3411.30———

218.570.3012.69

DATAMINIMUM

25.00140.00800.005.202.606.9078.008.000.890.093.202.330.010.190.49

126.0036.008.703.7238.0015.80520.00

7.3028.337.781.55

284.000.103.40

DATAMAXIMUM

25.00833.00800.005.206.706.90

237.00187.000.890.863.204.400.721.160.49

380.00104.9021.904.40

192.0065.00

2920.0032.7728.337.781.55

791.000.8433.00

COUNT

15114155151555153335534111555

-46-

STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF TUCKER AND SONS FAR REACH RANCH PUMPSTATION NAME: TUP

13456789

1011121314151617222325262728424344

STORETNUMBER

108094299310400410530608610623625630665666900940945

32210322113221832219703007050782079

DATAMEAN

28.37311.67372.501.423.626.54

84.1711.580.630.382.422.020.050.460.15

119.5049.509.339.017.263.031.57

268.330.313.03

DATAMEDIAN

29.25350.00382.50

1.333.806.5055.509.000.630.052.421.940.050.350.1582.0033.509.002.111.341.281.50

212.000.282.70

DATASTD DEV

2.29157.53294.581.301.790.6859.749.65—0.72—0.840.040.22—

88.2440.086.0215.0812.125.000.25

147.550.141.87

DATAMINIMUM

25.00120.0075.000.051.405.8025.001.500.630.012.420.950.000.270.15

27.0012.001.000.660.800.001.36

108.000.121.10

DATAMAXIMUM

30.00550.00650.003.006.107.35

169.0028.000.631.842.422.960.090.750.15

245.00116.0019.0035.8028.8011.902.00

492.000.516.30

COUNT

4644546616166616665555666

-47-

STATIONSTATISTICAL SUMMARY OF DESERET RANCHES OF FLA PUMP //OG12

NAME: BDP

1234567891113141517182021222324252627404142

STORETNUMBER

107780942993104004105306106256306659009159309359409451046322103221132219703007050782079

DATAMEAN

28.2527.00200.57900.002.552.136.95

139.0013.810.101.830.030.15

290.0083.8319.053.95

122.5754.670.509.4011.491.48

565.500.078.03

DATAMEDIAN

28.2527.00243.00900.002.552.406.95

147.0010.800.101.920.020.13

296.0084.5021.153.83

110.0054.000.517.90

11.491.48

556.500.067.90

DATASTD DEV

2.6212.73135.87353.551,631.080.2142.4110.530.050.610.030.1045.4012.018.780.8154.9325.360.326.53——

84.560.075.31

DATAMINIMUM

26.4018.0068.00650.001.400.406.8075.004.000.040.900.000.05

224.0064.102.002.8362.0020.700.101.9011.491.48

439.000.011.40

DATAMAXIMUM

30.1036.00432.001150.00

3.703.307.10

183.0033.000.182.500.080.29

352.00100.9026.704.93

199.0095.000.8419.4011.491.48

681.000.2315.00

COUNT

22722527777777666776711677

-48-

STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF DESERET RANCHES OF FLA PUMP #P8STATION NAME: BDPX

123456789

101112131415161718202122232425262728424344

STORETNUMBER

10778094299310400410530608610623625630665666900915930935940945104632210322113221832219703007050782079

DATAMEAN

25.0724.00297.40363.333.942.546.8279.008.200.320.201.572.070.220.170.24

140.2534.408.302.1435.0026.460.965.662.851.831.41

276.600.095.30

DATAMEDIAN

27.0024.00300.00350.003.182.706.6573.008.000.320.191.572.120.270.120.24

128.5034.408.302.1432.0029.000.964.722.941.661.43

242.000.063.50

DATASTD DEV

7.20—

164.5380.833.591.200.3338.627.05—0.14—0.500.130.17—

49.75———

16.0811.19—3.781.470.750.0985.700.114.92

DATAMINIMUM

15.0024.00125.00290.000.601.106.6036.001.000.320.051.571.310.020.060.2494.0034.408.302.1421.009.300.962.301.341.181.31

217.000.012.00

DATAMAXIMUM

31.3024.00472.00450.008.804.207.20

140.0019.000.320.391.572.700.340.470.24

210.0034.408.302.1461.0039.000.9610.904.282.651.50

422.000.2914.00

COUNT

415345355141555141115514333555

-49-

STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF DESERET RANCHES OF FLA PUMP #P5STATION NAME: NMP

123456789

11131415171819202122232425262728424344

STORETNUMBER

10778094

299310400410530610625630665900915925930935940945104632210322113221832219703007050782079

DATAMEAN

19.7518.00170.00650.002.502.356.2054.5011.550.051.650.020.13

250.0061.0020.0078.004.40

162.6760.50300.0012.610.532.771.36

536.500.052.15

DATAMEDIAN

19.7518.00150.00650.002.502.356.2054.5011.550.051.650.010.10

250.0061.0020.0078.004.40

168.0060.50300.0012.610.532.771.36

536.500.052.15

DATASTD DEV

6.72—

62.45353.552.121.77—

17.6812.09——0.010.05—————

40.2721.92—

16.11—2.300.20

173.240.020.49

DATAMINIMUM

15.0018.00120.00400.001.001.106.2042.003.000.051.650.010.10

250.0061.0020.0078.004.40

120.0045.00300.001.220.531.151.22

414.000.041.80

DATAMAXIMUM

24.5018.00240.00900.004.003.606.2067.0020.100.051.650.030.18

250.0061.0020.0078.004.40

200.0076.00300.0024.000.534.401.50

659.000.062.50

COUNT

2132221221133111113212122222

-50-

STATISTICAL SUMMARY FOR DUDA AND SONS PUMP (COCOA RANCH)STATION NAME: DDP

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728424344

STORETNUMBER

10778094299310400410530608610623625630665666900915925930935940945104632210322113221832219703007050782079

DATAMEAN

25.7014.00325.00962.000.693.326.4549.674.950.140.402.214.130.020.250.13

310.3370.5022.3599.006.35

249.50143.67730.008.425.954.201.36

853.330.203.40

DATAMEDIAN

26.0014.00300.001100.00

0.203.356.4552.002.500.140.402.214.390.010.280.13

243.0070.5022.3599.006.35

252.5097.00730.0010.376.683.581.36

811.000.212.80

DATASTD DEV

2.112.8386.60495.700.850.590.3712.665.96—0.19—1.230.020.07—

117.4951.6220.7289.104.0363.41129.47445.484.134.062.990.22

213.670.052.48

DATAMINIMUM

22.5012.00250.00260.000.052.606.0036.001.000.140.272.212.790.000.170.13

242.0034.007.7036.003.50

169.0044.00415.002.240.531.341.11

664.000.121.30

DATAMAXIMUM

28.0016.00450.001550.00

2.004.006.9061.0013.800.140.532.215.210.040.310.13

446.00107.0037.00162.009.20

324.00290.001045.0010.729.898.301.62

1085.000.236.70

COUNT

5245544341213431322224324444344

-51-

Documents

Characterization of Agricultural Pump Discharge Quality in