Characters Tic of Charge Controller

8/8/2019 Characters Tic of Charge Controller

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Sky Resources Solar Technology Co., LTD ----projects Management Training document


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Clarification of the Solar Energy

Power GeneratingFollowing two type of the solar energy power generating

y Grid-off solar energy power generatingMain used in the area where is no electricity supply or the

telecommunication station which is faraway from the electricity net orthe wireless places.

Key componentssolar panelbatteryintelligent controllerinverterelectricity distribution and anti-lighting system. (electricity distribution is close to theactive load).

Advantagesoffer the independent electricity net which will not restricted by the

local public electricity net.Disadvantagesmuch waste of the energy resources or can controller the use of the

solar energy resources. the electricity use is high restricted by the weather condition, thelow efficiency of use and high investment, a little low system life span (especially say thebatters life span).


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y Grid-On PV System

Main use in the place where the city electricity distribution net. It isthe lead direction of New energy from home and all over the world.

Key components: solar panelgrid-on inverter electricity distribution andanti-lighting systemmuch simple ).

Advantageshigh efficient use of the systemlong life spanthe investmentcost is some lowerthe use of the electricity will not restricted by the system itself andthe weather condition influence.

Disadvantagesthe return of the electricity powered by solar will be restrictedby the local public electricity net.


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The Independent Grid-off Solar Energy Power Generating SystemDetailed Introduction


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Solar Panel/ModuleSolar Panel is a generating equipment which

can transfer the solar light energy to the DC

electricity energy. It is made as a single

panel when use according to the different

requirements on the power output and its

voltage. It also can be used as several solar

panel connected in series (which is to meet

the demands on voltage) and connected in

parallel (which is to meet the demands on

current). this way can make as the

panel/modules arrays to supply much higher

electricity demands. the solar panel/modules

has many advantages such as high powerefficiency on arealong life span, and high

reliabilityduring the use period, the loss of

the output power is less than 20%.


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The features ofVolt-Ampere for PV solar

panel

Generally speakingthe solarpanel electricity generating is

increased in percentage with

the intensity of the sunlight.

With the surface temperature

increased of the solar panel

slightly decreased.

The so-called general of the

solar panels that power is in

the sunlight intensity of 1000

W/M2, components, surface

temperature is 20, Imax *

Umax value.


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Photovoltaic module installation angle

Photovoltaic module installed inclination should be guaranteed to receive themaximum sunlight exposure, in normal circumstances components and thehorizontal direction for the local latitude 5to 10. That is, when thereduction in the summer, when the increase in the winter. If a fixed angle

brackets, the use of local latitude tilt angle. For example, the city of Shantou to23.42latitude.


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Battery discharge curves

y 10 hour rate (0.1 CA), 5 hour rate (0.17 CA), 3 hours rate (0.25 CA) dischargetermination voltage: 10.8 V /set; 1 hour rate (0.55 CA) discharge terminationvoltage: 10.5 V / set

y

Termination of battery discharge voltage minimum not more than 9.6 V / only to

ensure that the battery will not over-discharge.


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Block diagram of the solar controller


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Small PV power Intelligent Controller

Characteristics

1. Solar protection reverse: solar + and - to the anti-polarity, after correct, it can continue to use.

2. Battery Open circuit protection: If the battery breaks, andbatteries can be rechargeable normally, the controllerwill be limited at both ends of load voltage, to ensurethat the load is not injury, if at night or solar battery not

be chartered, the controller due to its own access toelectricity, will not have any action;

3. Overcharge protection: protection of charge voltagehigher than the voltage, automatic shutdown ofrechargeable batteries. When the voltage then swap tomaintain voltage, battery enter Float state, when less

than restoring voltage Float closed, are sufficient toenter the state. Have sufficient voltage protection andrestoration of both temperature compensation voltageFloat;

4. When the battery voltage is lower than the protection ofvoltage, the controller automatically shut down outputin order to protect the battery from damage;

5. Over voltage protection: When high voltage, output shutdown automatically to protect against electrical damage.A charge, the release of over-voltage protection aredelayed action to prevent the disoperation.

6. With temperature compensation function

7. Variety of control options functions: general charge anddischarge mode, light is turned off mode, the opening ofthe shutdown mode

Small PV power

Intelligent Controller

5A10A


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Mi - r t v ltaic tr ll r

1.LCD display: LCD shows Users Display System importantinformation such as the battery voltage, the chargeCurrent and discharge Current, the operation mode and thesystem parameters, system status by the digital and English

2. Automatic / manual / night features: Programmable Load ControlWays to automatically or manually. Manual, manual loadOpen or closed. At this time, the evening function invalid. Whenchoosing night function, the controller closed in the daytime loaddetection evening,Automatically after a period of time delayed opening load, regulartime, it has been Dynamic load shut down. Regular time and delaytime based programmable Determined;

3. Protection features: over-charged, over-discharged, output overload,

over -Pressure, high temperature protection;

4. Float voltage with the temperature compensation function;5 fast charging functions: the battery voltage falls below a certain

value, rapid Start charging automatically, the controller willincrease battery power Pressure, when the battery voltage achievethe desired value, started fast charging When Countdownprocedures, regular time, with rapid charging state. Therefore, Fulluse of solar energy.

6. Automatic identification functions: the first power, in accordancewith electrical storage controller Pool automatic identificationterminal voltage is 12 V or 24 V system;

7. Mode: normal charge-discharge mode, light is turned off mode,- The opening of the shutdown mode.

Mid-Power Photovoltaic Controller

20A30A


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High-Power Photovoltaic Controller


50A-100A

Standard 4U Cabinets


150A-200A

Standard 6U Cabinets


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Waterproof OutdoorMount

250A-400A

1200 Standard Cabinets

100A-200A


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The characteristics of the High-Power Photovoltaic Controller (1)

y DSP chip microcomputer control, the charge and discharge parameters,temperature compensation coefficient programmable arbitrary , can adaptto the special requirements of different occasions.

y LCD dot matrix modules that operate in both English and Chinese menu, users canswitch choice;

y Various LED indicator to display photovoltaic charge state and load-off state;

y 9 touch buttons;

y Control circuit totally isolated from the main circuit, high anti-jamming capability;

y

1-18 Road solar input control;y Real-time display battery voltage, load current, the total current

photovoltaic, Each PV current, battery temperature, the total number ofhours photovoltaic power generation, the cumulative load of electricity, andsome like several dozen parameters;


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The characteristics of the High-Power Photovoltaic Controller (2)

y the historical data and Statistics show: the number of charge cycles, the number of discharges,the number of overload, short-circuit number;Programmable voltage generator start-up and shutdown, secondary load-off voltage, wind generatorunloading and recovery voltage, street photosensitive parameters such as voltage switch;

y Users can set up a rechargeable battery discharge protection and the protection of the load-off state;

y With the Second ability to control, that is the main load and secondary load in different batteryvoltage electrical point of control;

y Various charge pressure of a "backlash" control functions, to prevent oscillation switch into the state;y Protection features: with a rechargeable battery, a discharge, output overload, short-circuit, surge,

solar or battery against a short circuit to the anti-battery at night and a series of anti-anti-sufficientwarning and protection;

y RS232/485 interfaces can be allocated to facilitate long-distance remote, remote control; PC controlsoftware can be measured real-time data, alarm information, change control parameters, read the

daily 30 days maximum battery voltage, battery voltage minimum daily PV and the total volume ofelectricity consumed by the daily load accumulated historical data;y Parameter settings and the ability to password-protect users may modify password;


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The characteristics of the High-Power Photovoltaic Controller (3)y Warning: over-voltage, under-voltage, overload, short-circuit protection, such as alarm;

y Multi-channel output report to the police or passive control contact: a rechargeable battery, a batterydischarge, Diesel boot control, load disconnect, controller fault; other user-selectable backup alarmcontact, such as f lood alarm;

y Work step by step-ladder pattern of limited mode, PWM mode, the opening of the off-model-turned-

down mode, the clock control mode, the light is turned off early-model, which is the model for thefirst two occasions common load, After four model load occasions against the lights, all the lengthand timing clock delay can be set up;

y Users can also set up parameters including: are charging pressure, Float voltage, voltage absorptionlaunched voltage regulator dynamic coefficient of static coefficient Regulators are filling state timeand state absorption time.

y Do not brown-out real-time clock function, display and set the clock;y Lightning: According to system requirements, install different levels of mine devices;

y A temperature compensation function;

y Portfolio ingenious: alone, but also complementary components scenery, inverter control integrationmodels


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Block diagram of the inverter


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On the load configurationy Equipment (or other electrical appliances used) on the plate are

generally rated current, voltage data, they are multiplied together toreceive VA value corresponding power. Users must use carefully inspectthe load power in order to avoid overload. With the general operationof electrical appliances in the state, especially in the standby powerthan the actual state of the mark on some low power users to be used inthe use of electrical appliances and of the nominal power, is starting atthe same time consider the impact of current, best left 30 % of thepower cushion to ensure reliable power supply;

y The load should be considered motor-5 ~ 7 times thecushion to impact current.


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Inverter Power protectionprotection instruction remarks

Output Over-load

protectionPower load more than 150%, 10 seconds

after the shutdown output delayNeed to be resetshutdownShort circuit

protection If the output short circuit, inverter power will be

shut down automatically

To protect

against the

importation

Input DC voltage inverter to the anti-polarity, the

inverter will be automatically protected

Automatically

reset, that is, afterthe failure to

eliminate the

output will

automatically

resume

Under-voltage Input DC voltage is lower than the under voltage

point, inverter power will be shut downautomatically

Over voltageInput DC voltage is higher than the pressure point,

inverter power will be shut down automatically

Over heating

protectionInverter Power Supply chassis temperature over

75, the output will be shut down automatically


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The discharged protection and recoveryy Protection of the over-discharged, the battery voltage required to return to work at 226 V or

above can start again. Backlash is set up in order to prevent voltage under voltage system in

the near oscillations, as shown in Figure 6.1.

y Power attention when booting the first time if the battery voltage is in the release point andresume work between power will be in the state and show under voltage shutdown.

y Over-discharged protection value and the restoration of working voltage values for the

default settings (subject to user requirements set), general without adjustment. If and whereadjustments, in the PC board (SNMC) found on the potential for VR2 (Figure 7.3 Position6), such as lowering the release point, then clockwise adjustment; such as raising the releasepoint, the anti-clockwise adjustment. Potentiometer adjustment semi-circle, thecorresponding change in value of the release point about 7 V, for reference purposes only.

Picture 6.1Picture 6.1


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the Maintainability of Photovoltaic power

systems componentsActually in photovoltaic power system , some components can be maintained but some can not be.

Such as solar panels, maintenance-free batteries, they are difficult to repair after the failure, whichis called as the non-maintenance components, which are directly dealt with a narrow reliability index,the main reliability, failure rate, the average life expectancy of three indicators, reliability, R (t) refersto products (or parts) under the conditions set forth in that time to complete the function of the

probability of failure rate (t) refers to the moment t work has not yet Failure products, in themoment unit time in the probability of failure; average life expectancy refers to the use of products fromthe beginning until failure occurred experienced by time.

The controller, inverter power supply can be maintained, such as products or components, and itsmain indicators reliability, failure rate and the average time between failures (MTBF) and mean time torepair faults (MTTR).

The components can be maintained and by the maintenance of the components of PV systems, in

general, should be understood as products can be maintained.


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The designing of the PV Grid-Off systemCasey Requirements: computers, lighting, radar (emotional) of load, time

uncertain, the daily power consumption about 200 KWH batteries topower for three days cloudy.

1. Battery configuration (in accordance with the allocation of work for three rainy days):

Battery groups voltage: 220VCapacity needs:(daily needed electricity rainy days 1000) / (battery voltage discharge capacity)

Discharge capacity:In the process of battery usage, the battery capacity released by the percentage of its

rated capacity, known as the discharge capacity. Discharge capacity to the protection ofsmall batteries, the election is generally recommended 0.5

(200 3 1000) / (220 * 0.5 * 0.9) = 5754 AHchoose 2 V1000AH battery of a total of five groups of110pcs, a total of 550pcs.


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The designing of the PV Grid-Off system

y 2. Solar array configurations:Need to configure the maximum power to maintain voltage in the vicinity of220V , Selection of 85 Wp (or other specifications): open-circuit voltage of 22 V,maximum power point voltage of17.5, short-circuit current of 545 A.

Configured 220/12 = 18pcs connected in series. Each series power is 18 85 =1530Wp. Each series in accordance with the full power operation of 3.2 hours,each providing 3.2 1530 = 4896 KWH electricity.

Need solar parallel: the daily consumption / (n = array electricity efficiency)

At: 200 / (4.9 * 0.85) = 48 Unit: 0.85 controller for solar and other conductors,such as the efficiency losses.

The total need to configure 48 18 = 864pcs 85 Wp solar panel


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The designing of the PV Grid-Off system

y 3. Solar controller configurationAccording to the trade unions and arrays: configuration 9pcs SD22100 solar

controller. Each four-way controller solar arrays.

y 4. Inverter configurationBecause users do not have to provide the power size of the load, in

accordance with the working day to 10 hours to estimate, about 30 KW.

Consider cushion and load activated impact of the proposed configurationSN22050KS power inverter.

Meanwhile, in order to protect key equipment, such as radar and work normally.Recommends that users load individually configured as the key low-powerinverter power, the inverter and battery SN22050KS common DC bus power, thespecific size can be agreed with the users. The low-power inverter can bepurchased as spared machine.


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Grid-connected PV systemRenewable energy grid-connected power generating applications


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Grid-connected PV inverter introduction1HZHVWGHYHORSHG.....NN*ULGFRQQHFWHG,QYHUWHU


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the comparative advantages and disadvantages of the structure and

topology of the common grid-connected inverter

direct inverter systemdirect inverter system

Low-frequencyfrequency

transformertransformer

isolation systemisolation system


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the comparative advantages and disadvantages of the structure

and topology of the common grid-connected inverter

the highthe high--frequencyfrequencyisolation systemisolation system

MultiMulti-- More DCMore DC--DCDC(MPPT), single inverter(MPPT), single inverter

systemsystem

the highthe high--frequencyfrequencynonnon-- isolation systemisolation system


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The advantages and disadvantages of direct inverter

system

Advantages:Advantages:Eliminates cumbersome Frequency Transformer: high efficiency (96 %), light weight,Eliminates cumbersome Frequency Transformer: high efficiency (96 %), light weight,

simple structure.simple structure.

Disadvantages:Disadvantages:(1)(1) solar panels and electrical power grids not isolation, solar panels have bipolarsolar panels and electrical power grids not isolation, solar panels have bipolarvoltage power grids, adverse safety.voltage power grids, adverse safety.

(2) DC type solar panels voltage is more than 350 V. This solar components, and(2) DC type solar panels voltage is more than 350 V. This solar components, and

even the entire system of higher insulation requirements prone to leakageeven the entire system of higher insulation requirements prone to leakage

phenomenon.phenomenon.


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The advantages and disadvantages of the Lowe frequency Transformerisolation system

Advantages:Advantages:Using the frequency transformer to change the voltage and isolate the electricity, itUsing the frequency transformer to change the voltage and isolate the electricity, ithas the following advantages: simple structure, high reliability, impact resistance,has the following advantages: simple structure, high reliability, impact resistance,and good safety performance, MPPT DC voltage 200 V rating in the generaland good safety performance, MPPT DC voltage 200 V rating in the general--750V.750V.

Disadvantages:Disadvantages:(1) relatively low system efficiency.(1) relatively low system efficiency.(2) heavy(2) heavy


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The advantages and disadvantages of high-frequency

isolation system

Advantages:Having the advantage of electrical isolation as well as light weight, system efficiency 93%.

Disadvantages:(1) As isolated DC / AC / DC power hierarchy generally smaller, so this topological

structure concentrated in the following 5 KW;(2) high-frequency DC / AC / DC the work of a high frequency, usually dozens

KHz, or higher, it is more difficult for EMC system design;

(3) the impactof poor system.


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The advantages and disadvantages of the high-frequency

isolation system

Advantages:Advantages:

Same as the first topology structure, eliminating cumbersome frequency transformer, we can bring theSame as the first topology structure, eliminating cumbersome frequency transformer, we can bring the

following advantages: high efficiency, light weight. At the same time joined the BOOST circuit for DC /following advantages: high efficiency, light weight. At the same time joined the BOOST circuit for DC /

DC input voltage DC upgrade, solar array DC input voltage range can be very wide (70 VDC input voltage DC upgrade, solar array DC input voltage range can be very wide (70 V--750V).750V).

Disadvantages:Disadvantages:

(1) Similarly, the solar panels and electrical power grids not isolation, solar panels have bipolar voltage(1) Similarly, the solar panels and electrical power grids not isolation, solar panels have bipolar voltage

power grids.power grids.

(2) The use of high frequency DC / DC, EMC become even more difficult.(2) The use of high frequency DC / DC, EMC become even more difficult.

(3) Lower reliability.(3) Lower reliability.


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Multi- More DC-DC (MPPT), single

inverter system

Advantages:y Same as the advantage of the high-frequency isolation systemy Due to a number of DC-DC circuit for a number of different tilt array of

access, that is, 1 ~ n arrays can have different MPPT voltage, verysuitable for photovoltaic building.

Disadvantages:y Not with the high-frequency isolation system


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Using the low frequency transformer High power three-

chase High Power grid-connected Inverter system

Using the low frequency transformer High power threeUsing the low frequency transformer High power three--chasechase

High Power gridHigh Power grid--connected Inverter systemconnected Inverter system 1010--500KW500KW


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multi-level transformation of the High power three-

phase Grid-connected inverter system


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The advantages and disadvantages of single machine connecting

to the Grid

Advantages:y Easy centralized control

y Relatively low cost

y Easy electromagnetic Compatibility

y The better ability of the anti-island effect

Disadvantages:y

Low reliability, high cost of redundancy to achievey As all components of PV series-parallel, the relatively

low efficiency of power generation

y Reduce the relative safety of


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The Way Of Distribution of power, multi-branch Grid-connected

inverter


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the single-phase grid-connected inverterB

y, Low-frequency transformerisolation


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the single-phase grid-connected inverterB

y DC boost, high-frequencytransformer isolation


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The advantages and disadvantages distribution of power, multi-

branch Grid-connected inverter

y Advantages:y Each array independent of each other, and easy to maintain;y Higher reliability of the whole system;y

Installation flexibility, adaptability good;y Better safety performance;

y Higher utilization of photovoltaic array

y Disadvantages:y Relatively high costy Can be difficult to achieve electromagnetic compatibilityy Require careful design and verification of the ability of anti-island effect


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The way of the grid-connected multi-inverterParallel


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the advantages and disadvantages of Parallel grid-connected

multi-inverter

y Advantages:y The whole system reliability;

y Installation of a relatively flexible,

y

Applicability good;y Better safety performance;

y High utilization of photovoltaic arrays;

y Algorithm flexible, centralized control;

y Disadvantages:y

Relatively high cost;y Electromagnetic Compatibility difficult to achieve;

y Require careful design and verification of the ability of anti-island effect


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SG series PV Grid-connected Inverter

**GridGrid--connected PV system includes the PV modules, Gridconnected PV system includes the PV modules, Grid--connectedconnected

inverter and network measurement devices and distribution system.inverter and network measurement devices and distribution system.

**Solar cells can generate DC powerSolar cells can generate DC powerelectricity

**The power is changed to the sameThe power is changed to the same-- phase, sine wave current through thephase, sine wave current through the

PV GridPV Grid--connected inverter directly and enters into the power grids.connected inverter directly and enters into the power grids.


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Existing product models and specifications SG1K5TLSG1K5TLSG2K5TLSG2K5TLNonNon--isolatedisolated

SG3KSG3KSG5KSG5KSG6KSG6K

SG10K3SG10K3SG20K3SG20K3SG30K3SG30K3SG50K3SG50K3SG100K3SG100K3

SG200K3SG200K3SG500K3SG500K3


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SG Products Characteristicsy using U.S.A. TI Companys 32 DSP microprocessor control

y using the fifth generation Intelligent Power Module from Mitsubishi.

y maximum power tracking technology (MPPT)

y night zero power technology (single-phase)

y perfect protection (island effect, over-current, over-temperature, etc.)

y stainless steel shell, all enclosed installationSG3K,SG5K,SG6K

y monitoring capabilities improved, through RS485, Ethernet, and othermeans of communication


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SG series PV Grid-connected inverter monitoring software

Interface


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SG series PV grid-connected inverter products pictures

SG1.5KTL PV gridPV grid--connected inverterconnected inverter SG3K PV gridPV grid--connected inverterconnected inverter SG5k,6K indoors typePV gridPV grid--connected inverterconnected inverter

SG5k,6K outdoors typePV gridPV grid--connected inverterconnected inverter

SG30K3SG50K3 three-chasePV gridPV grid--connected inverterconnected inverter

100KW three-chasePV gridPV grid--connected inverterconnected inverter

SG500K large-scale

PV gridPV grid--connected inverterconnected inverter


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Cases

3kw Grid-connected Solar

PV system forModel


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100KWGrid-connected Roof Solar PV system


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12KW Grid-connected Solar PV system


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Design for the Grid-connected Solar Power System

y The designing of PV Grid-connected system is very

random, can be big, also be small.

y Guangdong region: 1 KWP photovoltaic arrays(conditions: abundant sunshine)Daily 3.2 ~ 3.5 KWH of electricity;

yAnd PV Grid-connect devices and photovoltaic arraysinverter Matching 1:1


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Characters Tic of Charge Controller