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CHC2D
BACKGROUND TO BACKGROUND TO TRENCH WARFARETRENCH WARFARE
Trench warfare is a form of war in which Trench warfare is a form of war in which both opposing armies have static lines of both opposing armies have static lines of
defense. defense.
Trench warfare arose when there was a Trench warfare arose when there was a revolution in firepower without similar revolution in firepower without similar
advances in mobility and communicationsadvances in mobility and communications
DIAGRAM – HOW TO BUILD A DIAGRAM – HOW TO BUILD A TRENCHTRENCH
THE REALITIES OF THE THE REALITIES OF THE TRENCHESTRENCHES
GERMAN TRENCHESGERMAN TRENCHES
ARIEL VIEW OF THE TRENCHESARIEL VIEW OF THE TRENCHES
LIFE IN THE LIFE IN THE TRENCHESTRENCHES
An individual soldier's An individual soldier's time in the front-line time in the front-line trench varied; from as trench varied; from as little as one day to as little as one day to as much as two weeks at a much as two weeks at a time before being time before being relieved. relieved.
53 days straight by an Australian battalion was the longest recorded during WWI
Soldiers were expected to carry all of their equipment with them at all times.
They were supposed to keep it clean and in good condition – they were members of the British Army after all.
How the uniform and equipment changed after just three weeks in the
trenches…
FIELD KITCHENFIELD KITCHEN
FIELD RATIONSFIELD RATIONS
No smiling and relaxed faces…
No clean uniforms…
Their equipment is scattered everywhere…
Boredom and sleep are obvious…
Posters always showed men ready and willing to fight.
They never showed the boredom of the trenches or actual fighting taking place.
Why do you think the government showed no fighting?
DISEASEDISEASE►World War I's greatest killer was disease. World War I's greatest killer was disease. ►Sanitary conditions in the trenches were quite Sanitary conditions in the trenches were quite
poor,. poor,. ►Poor hygiene also and common infections Poor hygiene also and common infections
included dysentery, typhus, and cholera led to included dysentery, typhus, and cholera led to fungal conditions, such as trench foot. fungal conditions, such as trench foot.
LICELICE
The soldiers had very little decent food, and what food they had was often attacked by rats.
These rats were the size of small rabbits and badgers because they had fed on the decomposing bodies of dead soldiers.
SHELL SHELL SHOCKSHOCK
ATTACKING AN ATTACKING AN ENEMY TRENCHENEMY TRENCH
The Canadian government wanted to encourage men to enlist for war.
They said the war would be safe, hardly any fighting, a good lark and over by Christmas.
They used advertising posters to encourage this idea!A picture of soldiers going
‘Over the Top’
The reality of ‘going over the top’ was very different!
GOING OVER THE TOPGOING OVER THE TOP
BARBED WIREBARBED WIRE
WHAT DANGERS ARE WHAT DANGERS ARE REPRESENTED IN THIS REPRESENTED IN THIS
PHOTOGRAPH?PHOTOGRAPH?
BURIALBURIAL►Burial of the dead was usually a luxury Burial of the dead was usually a luxury
that neither side could easily afford. that neither side could easily afford. ►The bodies would lie in no man's land The bodies would lie in no man's land
until the front line moved, by which until the front line moved, by which time the bodies were often time the bodies were often unidentifiable. On some battlefields, unidentifiable. On some battlefields, such as at the Nek in Gallipoli, the such as at the Nek in Gallipoli, the bodies were not buried until after the bodies were not buried until after the war. war.
►On the Western Front, bodies continue On the Western Front, bodies continue to be found as fields are ploughed and to be found as fields are ploughed and building foundations dug.building foundations dug.