Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Chemical analyses of lignite from the Fort Union Formation,
McCone, Richland, Dawson, and Wibaux Counties, Montana,
and Golden Valley County, North Dakota
by
Ronald H. Affolter and Joseph R. Hatch
Open-File Report 80-179 1980
This report is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for conformity with U. S. Geological Survey standards
INTRODUCTION
As part of a continuing program by the U.S. Geological Survey to collect
and chemically analyze representative samples of U.S. coals, 57 lignite
samples were collected from 27 core holes in the Paleocene Fort Union
Formation in northeastern Montana and western North Dakota (fig« 1).
Analytical data obtained from these samples are summarized in this report.
Four core holes (nine lignite samples) are from McCone County, Montana; three
core holes (seven lignite samples) are from Richland County, Montana; four
core holes (eight lignite samples) are from Dawson County, Montana; ten core
holes (20 lignite samples) are from Wibaux County, Montana; and six core holes
(13 lignite samples) are from Golden Valley County, North Dakota. The 57
samples are listed in table 1 and the locations of the core holes are shown in
figure 2. Geophysical and lithologic logs for all US-75 core holes are in
U.S. Geological Survey and Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology (1976); for all
US-76 core holes, U.S. Geological Survey and Montana Bureau of Mines and
Geology (1977); and for all WB-77 core holes, Harksen (1978).
EXPLANATION OF TABLES
Proximate and ultimate analyses, heat-of-combustion, air-dried-loss,
forms-of-sulfur, and ash-fusion-temperature determinations on 55 single and
composite lignite samples from the Fort Union Formation, McCone, Richland,
Dawson, and Wibaux Counties, Montana, and Golden Valley County, North Dakota
are listed in table 2. These analyses were provided by the U.S. Department of
Energy, Pittsburgh, Pa. Analyses for ash content and 35 major and minor
oxides and trace elements in the laboratory ash (table 3) and analyses of nine
trace elements in whole lignite (table 4) for all 57 samples were provided by
the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colo. Analytical procedures used by the
U.S. Geological Survey are described in Swanson and Huffman (1976).
MONTAN t
50
II 25
NORTH DAKOTA
'
SOUTH DAKOTA
100 i
150
KIL
OM
ET
ER
S
I 50
I 7510
0 M
ILE
S
FO
RT
S?
RE
GIO
N
Figure 1. Map of northeastern Mo
ntan
a an
d western North
Dakota showing
locations
of McCone,
Richland,
Daws
on,
and
Wiba
ux Co
unti
es,
Montana, an
d Go
lden
Valley Co
unty
, North
Dakota,
and
an ou
tline
of the
Fort
Union
coal re
gion
. Map
modified fr
om Averitt (1
942)
.
Table 1. U«S« Geological Survey sample numbers, core-hole numbers, index maplocations, core-hole locations, and depth intervals represented for 57 lignitesamples from the Paleocene Fort Union Formation, McCone, Richland, Dawson, andWibaux Counties, Mont., and Golden Valley County, N. Dak.
[All samples are from cores. One meter = 3.28 feet. The first two the USGS core-hole numbers indicates year drilled]
USGS sample number
D188118 D188119 D188120 D188121 D188122 D188123 D188124 D188125 D188126
USGS Index core-hole map number location
US-762 do do US-768 do US-7616 do US- 76 17 do
1 1 1
25 25 2 2
26 26
McCone
SE */4 NE
NWV4NE
SE V4 SE
NEl/4 SE
Core hole location
County, Mont.
V4sec. 26, T. do -. do i/y Q O f"* * / T .. IQ OCL.* £- j X
. do !/4sec. 20, T. . do I// QPP. 30 T./A ocl_. J w , -L
__________/4 /-.____
21 N., R.
20 N., R.
20 N., R.
20 N., R.
digits in
Depth interval represented in meters
45 E.
45 E.
45 E.
45 E.
23.8-25.3 25.3-26.8 26.8-28.2 56.4-59.4 59.4-61.7 29.3-32.2 32.2-34.1 9.7-12.7 12.7-15.6
Richland County, Mont.
D188136 D188137 D188138 D188140 D188141 D188142 D188143
D188128 D188129 D188130 D188131 D188132 D188133 D188134 D188135
D188144 D188145 D196641 D196642 D196643 D196645 D196647 D196648DlQfifiAQ
US-75119 do US-76113 US-7695 do do do
US-75104 US- 75106 do US-75108 do do do US- 7597
US-76116 do WB-7783 do do WB-7740 do do
3 3 4
27 27 27 27
5 6 6 7 7 7 7 8
9 9
10 10 1011 11 111 1
NE x/4 SW
SW 1/4 SE SW !/4 SE
Dawson
NE V4 SE SE 1/4 SE
SW !/4 SE
NE 1/4 NE
Wibaux
NWV4 NW
NE !/4 NE
SW 1/4 SW
!/4sec. 30, T. do l/4sec. 22, T. 1/4 sec. 4, T. do do do
County, Mont.
V4sec. 8, T. 1/4 sec. 24, T. do !/4sec. 1, T. do do . do 1/4 sec. 14, T.
County, Mont.
V4sec. 18, T. . do 1/4 sec. 2, T.. do do 1/4 sec. 14, T. do do
j
22 N., R.
20 N., R. 20 N., R.
21 N., R. 20 N., R.
20 N., R.
21 N., R.
18 N., R.
15 N., R.
14 N., R.
54 E.
59 E. 59 E.
53 E. 52 E.
54 E.
55 E.
59 E.
59 E.
60 E.
28.7-30.9 30.9-31.7 33.5-35.4 45.7-46.0 46.2-50.8 66.4-67.4 67.4-68.7
11.0-13.4 20.1-22.6 22.6-25.0 53.9-56.4 56.4-58.9 58.9-61.4 61.4-64.2 20.7-22.6
18.8-20.1 45.7-48.2 13.1-14.3 14.3-14.9 22.6-26.8 14.0-19.5 33.2-34.7 35.5-36.8
Table 1. U.S. Geological Survey sample numbers, core-holelocations, core-hole locations, and depth
numbers , indexintervals represented for
samples from the Paleocene Fort Union Formation,Wibaux
usessample number
Counties, Mont. , and Golden
USGS Index core-hole map number location
Valley CountyMcCone,
, N. Dak.
map57 lignite
Rich land, Daws on, and. continued
Core hole location
Depth interval represented in meters
Wibaux County, Mont, (cont.)
D196650 D196651 D196652 D196653 D196654 D196655 D196657 D196658 D196659 D196661 D196662
WB-7731 do WB-7787 WB-7736 do WB-7758 do WB-776 do WB-7763 WB-7785
12 12 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 18
SE
NE NW
SW
NE
NW SW
V4NW
1/4 SE 1/4 SW
1/4 SW
1/4 NE
1/4 SW V4SE
Y4 sec.
1/4 sec. 1/4 sec.
1/4 sec.
1/4 sec.
1/4 sec. 1/4 sec.
10, T. do 34, T. 34, T. do 26, T. do-'20, T. do-20, T. 6, T.
Golden Valley County, N.
D196624 D196625 D196627 D196628 D196629 D196630 D196631 D196632 D196634 D196635 D196637 D196638 D196640
WB-773 do WB-77104 do WB-7755 do do do do WB-77107 WB-7714 do Wb-7724
19 19 20 20 21 21 21 21 21 22 23 23 24
SE
NE
NW
V4SE
!/4NW
1/4 NW
NW 1/4 NE
SE NE
NE
1/4 SE 1/4 NW
!/4NW
V4 sec.
1/4 sec.
1/4 sec.
1/4 sec.
1/4 sec. 1/4 sec.
1/4 sec.
10, T.
10, T. do 20, T. do 20, T. do do 20, T. 34, T. do 22, T.
13 N.,
16 N., 14 N.,
15 N.,
12 N.,
15 N., 15 N.,
Dak.
138 N.,
138 N.,
141 N.,
141 N.,
141 N., 139 N.,
139 N.,
R.
R. R.
R.
R.
R. R.
R.
R.
R.
R.
R. R.
R.
60 E.
59 E. 60 E.
60 E.
61 E.
60 E. 60 E.
106 W.
106 W.
105 W.
105 W.
105 W. 106 W.
106 W.
30. 40. 73. 16. 29. 17. 25. 14. 16. 15. 23.
14. 22. 14. 17. 10. 14. 23. 28. 36. 44. 15. 17. 13.
8-40.2 5-41.1 2-75.9 4-29.2 2-29.5 7-22.1 0-28.9 1-14.7 6-19.4 6-17.0 8-26.1
5-14.8 7-26.2 9-15.5 7-21.0 7-12.3 5-14.8 4-24.0 0-34.4 3-36.5 8-52.1 2-17.7 7-22.3 3-19.8
M C CONE
.2
.26
L______.,
u
I_______,
R
I C
H L A N D
.s
,-J.27 .4
D A W S 0 N
J 3°
, z -
._J_,
-VG
0
.12
V A
L D
E
L L
E
is. i
-'120
0
10
20
30
40
SO KILOMETERS
I I
I I
I I
Figure 2. Index map showing co
re hole locations in
McCone, Richland, Dawson, and Wibaux Counties, Montana, and
Golden Valley County, North Dakota.
Detailed location descriptions are
in table 1.
Table 5 contains the data listed in table 3 converted to a whole-lignite
basis plus for completeness, the whole-lignite analyses listed in table 4.
Twenty-four additional elements not listed in tables 3, 4, and 5 were looked
for but not found in amounts greater than their lower limits of detection
(table 6). Unweighted statistical summaries of analytical data in tables 2,
3, and 5 are listed in tables 7, 8, and 9. For comparison, data summaries for
32 other Fort Union region lignite samples (table 7) and 80 other Fort Union
region lignite samples (tables 8 and 9) are included. Statistical summaries
for ?2^5 contents in lignite ash and Ag, Cd, Ge, and La contents in whole
lignite were not included in tables 7 and 9 because these variables were
detected in an insufficient number of samples to calculate meaningful
statistics.
^2®5 contents for all samples were determined by X-ray-fluorescence
spectroscopy. However, due to a change in technique the lower detection limit
for samples D188118-D188126, D188128-D188138, and D188140-D188145 is 1.0
percent in ash; for the other 31 samples it is 0.01 percent in whole coal.
To be consistent with the precision of the semiquantitative emission
spectrographic technique, arithmetic and geometric means of elements
determined by this method are reported as the midpoint of the enclosing six-
step brackets (see headnote of table 3, or Swanson and Huffman, 1976, p. 6 for
an explanation of six-step brackets.)
EXPLANATION OF STATISTICAL TERMS USED IN SUMMARY TABLES
In this report the geometric mean (GM) is used as the estimate of the
most probable concentration (mode); the geometric mean is calculated by taking
the logarithm of each analytical value, summing the logarithms, dividing the
sum by the total number of values, and obtaining the antilogarithm of the
result. The measure of scatter about the mode used here is the geometric
deviation (GD), which is the antilog of the standard deviation of the
logarithms of the analytical values. These statistics are used because the
quantities of trace elements in natural materials commonly exhibit positively
skewed frequency distributions; such distributions are normalized by analyzing
and summarizing trace-element data on a logarithmic basis.
If the frequency distributions are lognormal, the geometric mean is the
best estimate of the mode, and the estimated range of the central two-thirds
of the observed distribution has a lower limit equal to GM/GD and an upper
limit equal to GM-GD. The estimated range of the central 95 percent of the
oobserved distribution has a lower limit equal to GM/GD and an upper limit
equal to GM-GD 2 (Connor and others, 1976).
Although the geometric mean is, in general, an adequate estimate of the
most common analytical value, it is, nevertheless, a biased estimate of the
arithmetic mean. The estimates of the arithmetic means listed in the summary
tables are Sichel's _t_ statistic (Miesch, 1967).
A common problem in statistical summaries of trace-element data arises
when the element content of one or more of the samples is below the limit of
analytical detection. This results in a "censored" distribution. Procedures
developed by Cohen (1959) were used to compute unbiased estimates of the
geometric mean, geometric deviation, and arithmetic mean when the data are
censored.
DISCUSSION
The apparent ranks of all 55 single and composite lignite samples from
the Fort Union Formation, McCone, Richland, Dawson, and Wibaux Counties,
Montana, and Golden Valley County, North Dakota were calculated using the data
in table 2 and the formulas in ASTM designation D-388-77 (American Society for
Testing and Materials, 1978). The apparent ranks of these samples range from
lignite B (two samples) to lignite A (53 samples)
A statistical comparison (Student's t test, 95-percent confidence level)
of the geometric mean contents of the U.S. Department of Energy data for 55
lignite core samples from the Fort Union Formation listed in this report with
means for 32 other Fort Union region lignite samples from mines (Swanson,
Huffman, and Hamilton, 1974) shows that the lignite core samples have
significantly higher contents of moisture, ash, sulfate and pyritic sulfur,
significantly lower contents of volatile matter, fixed carbon, and carbon, and
a significantly lower heat of combustion. The contents of hydrogen, nitrogen,
oxygen, total sulfur, and organic sulfur are not significantly different.
When compared at the 99-percent confidence level the contents of moisture,
fixed carbon, sulfate and pyritic sulfur are not significantly different.
A statistical comparison of the geometric mean contents of ash and
contents of nine major and minor oxides in the ash from 57 lignite core
samples listed in this report with means for 80 other Fort Union region mine
and core lignite samples listed in Hatch and Swanson (1977) shows that the
lignite core samples have significantly higher ash contents, higher SiC^,
K20, Fe20^ and Ti02 contents in the ash, and significantly lower CaO, MgO, and
SOg contents in the ash. The contents of A^O^ and Na2^ in ash are not
significantly different. When compared at the 99-percent confidence level the
contents of f&2^3 and TiC^ in ash are not significantly different.
A statistical comparison of the geometric means of the contents of 35
elements in 57 lignite core samples listed in this report with means for 80
other Fort Union region mine and core samples listed in Hatch and Swanson
(1977) shows that the lignite core samples have significantly higher contents
of Si, Al, Mg, K, Fe, Ti, As, Be, Cu, F, Ga, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sb, U, V, Y, Yb,
Zn, and Zr and significantly lower contents of Ba, Co, Cr, Sr, and Th. The
contents of Ca, Na, B, Hg, Nb, Pb, Sc, and Se are not significantly
different. When compared at the 99-percent confidence level the contents of
As, Ba, F, Ni, and Th are not significantly different.
Differences in the oxide composition of lignite ashes and the elemental
contents of lignite result from differences in the total and relative amounts
of the various inorganic minerals, the elemental composition of these
minerals, and the total and relative amounts of any organically bound
elements. The chemical form and distribution of a given element are dependent
on the geologic history of the lignite bed. A partial listing of the factors
that influence element distributions would include chemical composition of
original plants; amounts and compositions of the various detrital, diagenetic,
and epigenetic minerals; chemical characteristics of the ground waters that
come in contact with the bed; temperatures and pressures during burial; and
extent of weathering. No evaluation of these factors has been made for any of
the Fort Union Formation lignite samples listed in this report.
Compared to other U.S. coals (Swanson and others, 1976; Hatch and
Swanson, 1977), Fort Union Formation lignites are characterized by relatively
low ash, low sulfur, low heat of combustion, and a high moisture content. The
contents of elements of environmental concern such as As, Be, Hg, Mo, Sb, and
Se are low in Fort Union Formation lignite when compared to most other U.S.
coals.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Fundamental to this paper is the contribution of the team of chemical
laboratory personnel in the U.S. Geological Survey under the direction of
Claude Huffman, Jr. and Joseph H. Christie: James W. Baker, Ardith J. Bartel,
Candy Bliss, Nancy M. Conklin, James G. Crock, Celeste M. Ellis, Patricia G.
Guest, John C. Hamilton, Raymond G. Havens, Roy J. Knight, Cindy McFee, Violet
M. Merritt, Hugh T. Millard, Jr., Harriet G. Neiman, George 0. Riddle, Gaylord
D. Shipley, Vertie C. Smith, James A. Thomas, Michele L. Tuttle, Richard E.
VanLoenen, James S. Wahlberg. In connection with the acknowledgment to the
above staff of chemical analysts, the invaluable contribution of the chemists
in the Coal Analysis Section (Forrest E. Walker, Chemist in Charge), U.S.
Department of Energy, Pittsburgh, Pa., is also gratefully acknowledged. We
also appreciate Rick T. Hildebrand's help in preparing the data tables and
Betty L. Arnone's drafting of the illustrations.
10
REFERENCES CITED
American Society for Testing and Materials, 1978, Standard specifications for
classification of coals by rank (ASTM designation D-388-77): 1978 Annual
book of ASTM standards, pt, 26, p. 220-224.
Averitt, Paul, 1942, Coal fields of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey
map, scale 1:2,500,000.
Cohen, A. C., 1959, Simplified estimators for the normal distribution when
samples are singly censored or truncated: Technometrics, v. 1, no. 3, p.
217-237.
Connor, J. J., Keith, J. R., and Anderson, B. M., 1976, Trace-metal variation
in soils and sagebrush in the Powder River basin, Wyoming and Montana:
U.S. Geological Survey Journal of Research, v. 4, no. 1, p. 49-59.
Harksen, J. C., 1978, Geophysical and lithologic logs for the 1977 coal
drilling in Wibaux County, Montana and Golden Valley County, North
Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-251, 185 p.
Hatch, J. R., and Swanson, V. E., 1977, Trace elements in Rocky Mountain
coals, JLn_ Murray, D. K., ed., Geology of Rocky Mountain Coal A
symposium: Colorado Geological Survey Resources Series 1, p. 143-165.
Miesch, A. T., 1967, Methods of computation for estimating geochemical
abundances: U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 574-B, 15 p.
Swanson, V. E., and Huffman, Claude, Jr., 1976, Guidelines for sample
collecting and analytical methods used in the U.S. Geological Survey for
determining chemical composition of coal: U.S. Geological Survey
Circular 735, 11 p.
11
Swanson, V. E., Huffman, Claude, Jr., and Hamilton, J. C., 1974, Composition
and trace-element content of coal, Northern Great Plains area, in
Northern Great Plains Resource Program, Mineral Resources Work Group
Report, February, 1974: U.S. Department of the Interior Open-File
Report, p. 52-83 (includes 2 fig., 8 tables).
Swanson, V. E., Medlin, J. H., Hatch, J. R., Coleman, S. L., Wood, G. H., Jr.,
Woodruff, S. D., and Hildebrand, R. T., 1976, Collection, chemical
analysis, and evaluations of coal samples in 1975: U.S. Geological
Survey Open-File Report 76-468, 503 p.
U.S. Geological Survey and Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, 1976,
Preliminary report of coal drill-hole data and chemical analyses of coal
beds in Campbell, Converse, and Sheridan Counties, Wyoming, and Big Horn,
Richland and Dawson Counties, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File
Report 76-450, 382 p.
_____1977, Preliminary report on 1976 drilling of coals in Campbell and
Sheridan Counties, Wyoming; and Big Horn, Dawson, McCone, Richland,
Roosevelt, Rosebud, Sheridan, and Wibaux Counties, Montana: U.S.
Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-283, 403 p.
12
Table
2. Proximate and
ulti
mate
an
alys
es,
and
heat
-of-
comb
usti
on,
form
s-of
-sul
fur,
and
ash-
fusi
on-t
empe
ratu
re determinations for
55 li
gnit
e sa
mple
s from the
Fort
Un
ion
Formation. Mc
Cone
, Richland.
Daws
on.
and
Wiba
ux Co
unti
es,
Mont., and
Gold
en Valley
Coun
ty.
N. Da
k.
[All
an
alys
es in
pe
rcen
t ex
cept
heat of
combustion and
ash-fusion te
mper
atur
es.
For
each sa
mple
nu
mber
, th
e analyses are
repo
rted
th
ree
ways:
First, as received;
seco
nd,
moisture free;
and
third, moisture an
d as
h fr
ee.
Kcal
/kg
« 0.
556
(Btu/lb);
°F =
(°C
x 1.8) + 32;
L, less than the
valu
e sh
own,
B, not
dete
rmin
ed.
Sample D188118* is
a
comp
osit
e of
sa
mple
s D1
8811
8 and
D188119; D188142* is
a
comp
osit
e of D1
8814
2 and
D188
143.
J
Pro
xim
ate
analy
sis
Sam
ple
num
ber
D18
8118
*
D18
8120
D18
8121
D18
8122
D18
8123
D18
8124
D18
8125
D18
8126
D18
8136
D18
8137
D18
8138
D18
8140
Mo
istu
re
36
.4
38.1
37.2
_
38
.0
34
.9
35.5
42.4
_
37.1
39.6
40.6
41
.0
37
.9
Vola
tile
m
att
er
25.1
39.5
44.6
24.8
40.1
44.4
13
.321.2
23.2
15
.124.4
26.8
15.8
24.3
28.5
16.0
24.8
28.0
24.6
42.7
45.6
16.2
25.8
' 27.6
25.3
41
.949.5
26.5
44.6
48.6
27
.045.8
51
.8
26.6
42.8
49
.3
Fix
ed
carb
on
31.2
49.1
55.4
31.0
50.1
55.6
44.0
70.1
76.8
41.3
66.6
73.2
39.7
61.0
71.5
41.1
63.7
72.0
29.4
51.0
54.4
42.5
67.6
72.4
25.9
42.9
50.7
28.0
47.1
51.4
25.1
42.5
48.2
27.4
44.1
50.7
Ash
7.3
11.5
6.1
9.9
5.5
8.8
5.6
9.0
9.6
14.7
7.4
11.5
3.6
6.2
4.2 6.7
9.3
15.4
4.9
8.2
6-9
11.7
8.1
13.0
Hyd
roge
n
6.4
3.7
4.2 6.6
3.8
4.2
6.6
3.9
4.3
6.5
3.7
4.0
6.6
4.2
4.9
6.6
4.1
4.7
6.7
3.5
3.7
6.8
4.3
4.6 B B B B B B 7.1
4.3
4.9
6.9
4.3
5.0
Ult
imat
e analy
sis
Car
bon
40.1
63.1
71.2
39.7
64.1
71.1
41.5
66.1
72.4
40.7
65.6
72.2
40.0
61.4
72.1
41.4
64.2
72.5
37.3
64.8
69.1
41.9
66.6
71.4 B B B B B B
36.9
62.5
70.8
38.8
62.5
71.9
Nit
rogen
0.6 .9
1.1 .6
1.0
1.1 .6
1.0
1.0 .6 1.0
1.1 .6 .9
1.1 .6 .9
1.1 .6 1.0
1.1 .6 1.0
1.0 B B B B B B .7 1.2
1.3 .6 1.0
1.1
Oxy
gen
45.3
20.4
23.0
46.9
21.1
23.4
45.4
19.6
21.5
46.5
20.5
22.6
42.3
17.3
20.3
42.9
17.6
19.9
51.5
24.0
25.6
46.3
21.2
22.7 B B B B B B
47.8
19.2
21.8
44.6
17
.620.2
Su
lfu
r
0.3 .5 .5 .2 .3 .4 .4 .6 .7 .2 .3 .4 .8
1.2
1.4 1.0
1.6
1.8 .2 .3 .4 .2 .3 .3 1.0
1.7
2.0 .3 ..5 .6 .6 1.0
1.2 1.0
1.6
1-9
Hea
t of
com
bust
ion
Kca
l/k
g
3,6
70
5,7
70
6,5
20
3,6
20
5,8
60
6,5
00
3,8
00
6,0
50
6,6
30
3,7
20
6,0
00
6,5
90
3,6
80
5,6
50
6,6
30
3,8
60
5,9
80
6,7
50
3,2
60
5,6
70
6,0
50
3,8
60
6,1
40
6,5
80
3,2
70
5,4
20
6,4
10
3,4
20
5,7
60
6,2
70
3,4
30
5,8
10
6,5
80
3,6
90
5,9
40
6,8
30
Btu
/lb
6,6
00
10
,39
01
1,7
30
6,5
20
10
,54
01
1,6
90
6,8
40
10
,89
01
1,9
40
6,6
90
10,7
90
11
,86
0
6,6
20
10,1
80
11
,94
0
6,9
40
10
,76
01
2,1
60
5,8
80
10
,20
01
0,8
80
6,9
50
11
,05
01
1,8
40
5,8
90
9,7
60
11
,53
0
6,1
50
10
,36
01
1,2
90
6,1
70
10,4
50
11
,84
0
6,6
40
10
,70
01
2,3
00
Tabl
e 2. Proximate an
d ultimate an
alys
es,
and
heat
-of-
comb
usti
on,
form
s-of
-sul
fur.
an
d ash-fusion-temperature determinations for
55 li
gnit
e sa
mple
s from
the
Fort
Unio
n Formation, Mc
Cone
, Ri
chla
nd,
Dawson,
and Wibaux C
ount
ies,
Mont., 'an
d Golden Va
lley
Coun
ty.
N. Dak. continued
Sample
number
D188118*
D188
120
D188121
D188122
D188
123
D188124
D188125
D188126
D188136
D188137
D188138
D188
140
Air-
drie
dlo
ss
24.8
28.1 ___
25.8
28.2
24.3 ___
25.5
27.9
27.0
36.2 _
37.1
29.7
28.5
Sulf
ate
0.01 .02
.02
.01
.02
.02
.01
.02
.02
.00
.00
.00
.OIL
.02L
.02L
.01
.02
.02
.01
.02
.02
.01
.02
.02
B B B B B B .01
.02
.02
.01
.02
.02
Form
s of
Pyri
tic
0.04 .06
.07
.04
.06
.07
.06
.10
.10
.04
.06
.07
.25
.38
.45
.41
.64
.72
.06
.10
.11
.04
.06
.07
B B B B B B .09
.15
.17
.10
.16
.19
sulf
ur Orga
nic
0.23 .36
.41
.17
.27
.30
.29
..4
6.51
.13
.21
.23
.55
.84
.99
.63
.98
1.10 .15
.26
.28
.20
.32
.34
B B B B B B .48
.81
.92
.89
1.43
1.65
Ash
fusi
on temperature,
°C
Init
ial
deformation
Softening
Fluid
1,265
1,320
1,37
0
1,28
5 1,330
1,38
0
1,235
1,29
0 1,
340
1,20
5 1,255
1,32
0
1,095
1,155
1,20
5
1,18
0 1,230
1,29
0
1,415
1,46
5 1,
520
1,29
0 1,
345
1,39
5
B B
B
B B
B
1,07
5 1,130
1,190
1,075
1,12
5 1,
180
Tnbl
e 2. Proximate and
ulti
mate an
alys
es,
and he
at-o
E-co
mbus
tion
, forms-of-sulfur, an
d ash-fusion-temperature de
term
inat
ions
for
55 li
gnit
e sa
mp
les
fro
mth
e F
ort
U
nion
F
orm
atio
n,
McC
one
County
, N
. D
ak. co
nti
nu
ed
, R
ich
lan
d,
Daw
son,
an
d
Wlb
aux
Co
un
ties,
M
ont
Pro
xim
ate
an
aly
sis
Sam
ple
«_i-
_*i-
num
ber
D18
8141
D18
8142
*
D18
8128
D18
8129
D18
8130
D18
8131
D18
8132
D18
8133
D18
8134
D18
8135
D18
8144
D18
8145
Mois
ture
41
.9 .
36
.0
39.3
38.1
38.4
-'
40
.4
37.0
36.4
36.6
39
.6
39
.6
37.9
Vola
tile
matt
er
23
.64
0.6
45.1
26
.84
1.9
46
.4
26
.042.8
49.2
27
.544.4
50.6
30
.048.7
56.5
25
.84
3.3
47
.3
27.3
43
.348.1
26.5
41
.749.1
26.3
41
.55
0.8
26
.644.0
50.6
27
.04
4.7
50
.0
24.4
39.3
47
.7
Fix
edca
rbon
28.7
49
.454.9
30.9
48
.35
3.6
26
.844.2
50.8
26
.843.3
49
.3
23.1
37.5
43.5
28
.84
8.3
52
.7
29.4
46.7
51
.9
27
.643.4
51.1
26.6
42
.05
1.4
26
.043.0
49.4
27.0
44
.75
0.0
26.7
43
.05
2.3
Ash
5.8
10
.0
6.3
9.8
7.9
13.0
7.5
12.1
8.5
13.8
5.0
8.4
6.3
10.0
9.6
15.1
11.6
18.3
7.8
12.9
6.4
10.6
11.0
17.7
Hyd
roge
n
6.9
3.9
4.3
6.9
4.5
5.0 B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B 7.2
4.6
5.2
6.7
4.0
4.9
.,
and G
old
en V
all
ej
Ult
imate
an
aly
sis
Car
bon
37
.865.1
72.3
41.3
64.5
71.6 B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
38.5
63.7
71.3
37.0
59.6
72.4
Nit
rog
en
0.6 1.0
1.1 .7
1.1
1.2 B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B .7
1.2
1.3 .6
1.0
1.2
Oxy
gen
48.4
19.2
21.3
44.4
19.4
21.5 B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
46.9
19.4
21.7
42.8
14.7
17.8
Sulf
ur
0.4 .7 .8 .3 .5 .5 .9 1.5
1.7 .8
1.3
1.5 .5 .8 .9 .3 .5 .5 .5 .8 .9 .3 .5 .6 .4 .6 .8
1.5
2.5
2.9 .3 .5 .6 1.8
2.9
3.5
Hea
t of
com
bu
stio
n
Kca
l/kg
3,4
70
5,9
70
6,6
30
3,8
30
5,9
80
6,6
30
3,3
30
5,4
80
6,3
00
3,5
10
5,6
60
6,4
50
3,3
80
5,4
90
6,3
60
3,4
20
5,7
40
6,2
70
3,6
10
5,7
20
6,3
60
3,3
80
5,3
20
6,2
70
3,3
40
5,2
60
6.4
40
3,4
40
5,6
90
6,5
40
3,6
10
5,9
70
6,6
80
3,5
00
5,6
30
6,8
40
Btu
/lb
6,2
40
10
,74
011,9
30
6,8
90
10
,76
01
1,9
40
5,9
90
9,8
70
11,3
40
6,3
10
10,2
00
11,6
00
6,0
80
9,8
70
11,4
60
6,1
60
10
,34
011,2
90
6,4
90
10
,30
011,4
50
6,0
90
9,5
80
11
,28
0
6,0
10
9,4
80
11,6
00
6,1
90
10
,25
01
1,7
70
6,4
90
10,7
50
12,0
30
6,2
90
10,1
40
12,3
20
Table 2. Pro
xima
te an
d ul
timate an
alys
es,
and he
at-o
f-co
mbus
tion
, forms-of-sulfur, an
d ash-fusion-temperaturg de
term
inat
ions
for
55 li
gn
ite
sam
ple
s fr
om
the
Fort
U
nion
F
orm
atio
n,
McC
one,
R
ich
lan
d,
Daw
son,
an
d W
ibau
x C
ounti
es,
M
ont.
, an
d G
old
en V
alle
yC
ounty
, N
. D
ak. conti
nued
Sam
ple
num
ber
D18
8141
D18
8142
*
D18
8128
D18
8129
D18
8130
D18
8131
D18
8132
D18
8133
D18
8134
D18
8135
D18
8144
D18
8145
Air
-dri
ed
loss
29.7
25.5
35.5
34.2
34.7
36.7
33.3
_
33.0
32.1
36
.2 -
27.1
28.6
Sulf
ate
0.0
1.0
2.0
2
.01
.02
.02
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B .01
.02
.02
.01
.02
.02
For
ms
of
Py
riti
c
0.0
6.1
0.1
1
.06
.09
.10
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B .06
.10
.11
1.4
92
.40
2.9
2
sulf
ur Org
anic
0.3
3.5
7.6
3
.25
.39
.43
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B .27
.45
.50
.32
.52
.63
Ash
fu
sion
tem
pera
ture
, °C
Init
ial
def
orm
atio
n
Soft
enin
g
Flu
id
1,1
55
1,2
05
1,2
55
1,1
30
1
,18
0
1,2
35
B B
B
B B
B
B B
B
B B
B
B B
B
B B
B
B B
B
B B
B
1,1
75
1
,23
5
1,2
85
1,1
55
1
,20
5
1,2
65
Tabl
e 2. Proximate and
ulti
mate
analyses,
and
heat-of-combustion,
form
s-of
-sul
fur.
an
d as
h-fu
sion
-tem
pera
ture
determinations fo
r55
li
gnit
e
sam
ple
s fr
omth
e F
ort
U
nion
F
orm
atio
n,
McC
one,
County
, N
. D
ak. co
nti
nu
edR
ich
lan
d,
Daw
son,
an
d W
ibau
x C
ounti
es,
M
ont.
Pro
xim
ate
an
aly
sis
Sam
ple
num
ber
D19
6641
D19
6642
D19
6643
D19
6645
D19
6647
D19
6648
D19
6649
D19
6650
D19
6651
D19
6652
D19
6653
D19
6654
Mo
istu
re
38.6
36.5
36.4
37.9
36.8
39
.1
26.3
39.1
33.1
33.4
37
.3
35.9
Vo
lati
le
matt
er
27.1
44.1
50.7
27.9
43.9
51.6
26
.5
41.7
49.7
24.6
3
9.6
48.8
24.6
38.9
49.3
25.8
42.4
48.8
26.6
36.1
53.2
25.6
42.0
47.9
22.8
34.1
52.7
24.6
36.9
45.8
26.4
42.1
49.1
24.5
38.2
51.8
Fix
ed
carb
on
26.3
42.8
49.3
26.2
4
1.3
4
8.4
26.8
42.1
5
0.3
25.8
41.5
51.2
25.3
40.0
50.7
27.1
44.5
51.2
23.4
31.8
46.8
27.9
45.8
52.1
20.5
30.6
47.3
29.1
43.7
54.2
27.4
43.7
50.9
22.8
35.6
48.2
Ash
8.0
13.0
9-4
H
.8
10.3
16.2
11.7
18.8
13.3
2
1.0
8.0
13.1
23.7
32.2
7.4
12.2
23
.6
35.3
12.9
19.4
8.9
14.2
16.8
26.2
Hyd
roge
n
7.0
4.4
5
.1
6.8
4.3
5.1
6.8
4
.3
5.2
6.6
3.8
4
.7
6.3
3
.5
4.4
6.9
4.2
4.8
5.2
3
.1
4.6
6.7
3.9
4.4
5.9
3.3
5.1
6.1
3.6
4.4
6.8
4.2
4
.9
6.6
4.1
5
.5
, an
d G
old
en
Val
ley
Ult
imat
e an
aly
sis
Car
bon
37.4
6
0.9
70.0
34.3
54.0
63.4
37.5
59.0
70.4
35.5
57.2
70.4
33.8
53.5
67.7
37.4
61.4
70.7
29.2
39.6
58.4
37.9
62.2
70.8
28.6
42.8
66.1
38.3
57.5
71.3
38.5
61.4
71.6
33.0
51.5
69.8
Nit
rogen
0.7
1.1
1
.3 .7
1.1
1.3 .6
.9
1.1 .4
.6
.8 .5
.8
1
.0 .6
1.0
1.1 .5
.7
1.0 .5
.8
.9 .4
.6
.9 .6
.9
1.1 '.& .9 .5
.8
l.
l
Oxy
gen
45.8
18.7
21.5
44.8
19.5
22.8
43.8
18.0
21.5
44.6
17.6
21.6
42.6
15.6
19.8
46.2
18.8
21.6
29.7
8.6
12.6
46.7
19.6
22.3
39.4
14.9
23.0
41.7
18.0
22.4
44.4
17.9
20.9
41.9
15.6
21.1
Su
lfu
r
1.1
1.8
2.1
4.0
6
.3
7.4 .9
1
.4
1.7 1.2
1.9
2.4
3.5
5.5
7
.0
1.0
1.6
1
.9
11.7
15.9
23.4 .7 1.1
1.3
2.1
3.1
4.8 .3 .5 .6 .9
1-
4 1
.7
1.1
1.7
2.3
Hea
t o
f co
mb
ust
ion
Rea
l /kg
3,5
00
5
,70
0
6,5
60
3,2
40
5,1
10
6,0
00
3,4
40
5,4
20
6,4
60
3,2
60
5,2
50
6,4
70
3,2
00
5,0
70
6,4
20
3,4
80
5,7
20
6,5
80
2,9
60
4,0
20
5,9
20
3,4
60
5,6
70
6,4
60
2,6
90
4
,02
0
6,2
00
3,4
40
5,1
70
6,4
10
3,5
50
5
,66
0
6,6
00
3,1
20
4
,86
0
6,5
90
Btu
/lb
6,3
00
10
,26
0
11
,80
0
5,8
40
9
,20
0
10
,79
0
6,2
00
9,7
50
11
,63
0
5,8
70
9,4
50
11
,64
0
5,7
70
9
,12
0
11,5
60
6,2
70
1
0,2
90
1
1,8
50
5,3
30
7
,23
0
10
,66
0
6,2
20
10
,21
0
11,6
20
4,8
40
7,2
30
11
,17
0
6,2
00
9
,30
0
11
,54
0
6,3
90
10,1
90
11
,88
0
5,6
10
8,7
50
1
1,8
60
Table
2. Proximate and
ultimate analyses,
and
heat-of-combustion,
form
s-of
-sul
fur.
and
ash-fusion-temperature determinations fo
r
I-1
00
55 li
gnit
eCo
unty
, N.
samp
les
from
the
Fort Un
ion
Formation, Mc
Cone
, Ri
chla
nd,
Daws
on,
and
Wiba
ux Counties,
Mont., and
Golden Va
lley
Dak.
continued
Form
s of su
lfur
Sample
number
D196
641
D196
642
D196
643
D196
645
D196
647
D196
648
D196
649
D196
650
D196
651
D196
652
D196
653
D196
654
Air-dried
loss
24.4
25.1
24.5
26.5
24.6
25.6
16.1
26.6
22.9
19.6
24.6
24. A
Sulf
ate
0.09
.15
.17
.95
1.50
1.76 .09
.14
.17
.10
.16
.20
.41
.65
.82
.05
.08
.09
.82
1.11
1.64 .08
.13
.15
.45
.67
1.04 .03
.05
.06
.05
.08
.09
.12
.19
.25
Pyri
tic
0.42
.68
.79
1.41
2.
22
2.61 .45
.71
.84
.71
1.14
1.
41
2.34
3.
70
4.69 .38
.62
.72
8.40
11.40
16.8
0
.23
.38
.43
.67
1.00
1.55 .10
.15
.19
.42
.67
.78
.25
.39
.53
Orga
nic
0.55
.90
1.03
1.63
2.57
3.01 .41
.64
.77
.40
.64
.79
.70
1.11
1.40 .54
.89
1.02
2.46
3.34
4.92 .41
.67
.77
.96
1.43
2.22 .21
.32
.39
.42
.67
.78
.74
1.15
1.56
Ash
fusion temperature
Init
ial
defo
rmat
ion
1,20
0
1,250
1,325
1,100
1,045
1,180
1,215
1,250
1,16
5
1,17
5
1,190
1,17
0
Soft
enin
g
1,215
1
1,275
1
1,375
1
1,120
1
1,060
1
1,20
0 1
1,23
0 1
1,275
1
1,175
1
1,195
1
1,205
1
1,200
1
, °C Fl
uid
,230
,345
,590
,-19
0
,075
.
,215
,250
,305
,195
,210
,225
,320
Tabl
e 2. Proximate an
d ultimate
an
alys
es,
and
heat
-of-
comb
usti
on,
forms-of-sulfur, and
ash-fusion-temperature determinations for
55 li
gnit
e sa
mple
s fr
om the
Fort
Union
Formation, Mc
Cone
. Richland,
Daws
on,
and
Wjba
ux Counties.
Mont
., an
d Go
lden
Valley
Couiyty, N. Dak. continued
Pro
xim
ate
analy
sis
Sam
ple
num
ber
D19
6655
D19
6657
D19
6658
D19
6659
D19
6661
D19
6662
D19
6624
D19
6625
D19
6627
D19
6628
D19
6629
D19
6630
Mo
istu
re
36.9
38.2
37.5
39.4
32.6
36.3
39.9
38
.3
34.3
40.4
39.2
26.2
Vola
tile
m
att
er
26
.2
41
.5
49
.0
25
.8
41
.7
47
.7
22
.5
36
.0
49
.8
24
.8
40
.9
49
.5
25
.4
37
.7
52
.2
25
.9
40
.7
48
.6
26
.4
43
.9
51
.4
26
.5
42
.9
49
.5
22
.9
34
.9
51
.1
25
.4
42
.6
48
.5
28
.3
46
.5
52
.3
38
.8
52
.6
59
.3
Fix
ed
carb
on
27.3
43.3
51.0
28.3
45.8
52.3
22.7
36.3
50.2
25.3
41.7
50.5
23.3
34.6
47.8
27.4
43.0
51.4
25
.0
41.6
48.6
27.0
43.8
50.5
21.9
33-3
48.9
27.0
45.3
51.5
25.8
42.4
47.7
26.6
36.0
40.7
Ash
9.6
15.2
7.7
12.5
17.3
27.7
10.5
17.3
18.7
27.7
10.4
16.3
8.7
14.5
8.2
13.3
20.9
31.8
7.2
12.1
6.7
11.0
8.4
11.4
Hyd
roge
n
6.7
4
.1
4.9
6.9
4.3
4
.9
6.2
3.3
4.5
6.8
4.0
4.8
5.8
3.2
4
.5
6.5
3
.9
4.6 7.0
4
.3
5.0
6-8
4
.1
4.8
5.9
3
.24.7 7.0
4.2
4
.8 7.3
4.8
5.4
7.0
5
.5
6.3
Ult
imate
analy
sis
Car
bon
37.5
59.4
70.1
37.9
61.3
70.1
31.9
5
1.0
70.6
35.7
58.9
71.3
30.5
4
5.3
62.6
37.6
5
9.0
70.5
34.8
57.9
67.7
37.8
61.3
70.7
30.8
46.9
68.7
36.4
61.1
69.5
37.7
6
2.0
69.7
39.3
53.3
60.1
Nit
rog
en
0.6
1.0
1.
1 .6
1.0
1.
1 .4
.6
.9 .5
.8
1.0 .4
.6 .8 .6
.9
1
.1 .4
.7 .8 .6
1.0
1.
1 .5
.8
1.1 .6
1
.0
1.1 .7
1
.2
1.3 .7
.9
1.
1
Oxy
gen
44.3
18.2
21.5
46.5
20.3
23.2
42.4
14.5
20.1
45.6
17.5
21.1
36.3
10.9
15.0
43.3
17.3
20.7
48.6
21.9
25.6
45.9
19.2
22.2
38.9
12.8
18.8
48.4
21.0
23.8
46.7
19.5
21.9
43.6
27.5
31.1
Su
lfu
r
1.4
2.2
2
.6 .4
.6
.7
1.8
2.9
4.0 .9
1
.51.8
8.4
12.5
17.2
1.5
2.4
2
.8 .6
1.0
1
.2 .8
1.3
1
.5
3.2
4.9
7
.1 .5
.8
1.0 .9
1
.5
1.7
1.1
1.5
1.7
Hea
t o
f co
mb
ust
ion
Rea
l /kg
3,4
40
5
,45
0
6,4
30
3,4
90
5
,65
0
6,4
50
2,8
60
4,5
80
6,3
30
3,2
70
5,3
90
6,5
20
3,0
00
4
,45
0
6,1
60
3,5
50
5,5
70
6,6
50
3,2
60
5,4
30
6,3
50
3,4
50
5,5
90
6,4
40
2,7
80
4,2
30
6
,20
0
3,3
30
5,5
90
6,3
50
3,6
10
5,9
30
6,6
70
3,7
20
5,0
40
5,6
90
Btu
/lb
6,1
90
9
,81
0
11,5
70
6,2
80
10,1
60
11
,61
0
5,1
50
8
,24
0
11,4
00
5,8
80
9,7
00
11
,74
0
5,4
00
8
,01
0
11
,08
0
6,3
80
10,0
20
11,9
70
5,8
80
9,7
80
1
1,4
30
6,2
00
10,0
50
11
,59
0
5,0
00
7
,61
0
11
,15
0
5,9
90
10,0
50
11
,44
0
6,4
90
10
,68
0
12
,00
0
6,7
00
9,0
80
10,2
40
Table
2. Proximate and
ultimate an
alys
es,
and
heat
-of-
comb
usti
on,
forms-of-sulfur, and
ash-fusion-temperature determinations for
55 li
gnit
e sa
mple
s fr
om th
e Fort Un
ion
Formation. Mc
Cone
. Ri
chla
nd,
Daws
on,
and
Wiba
ux Co
unti
es.
Mont«. and Golden Valley
Coun
ty,
N. Dak. continued
Forms
of su
lfur
Ash
fusi
on temperature,
°C
K3
O
Sam
ple
num
ber
D19
6655
D19
6657
D19
6658
D19
6659
D19
6661
D19
6662
D19
6624
D19
6625
D19
6627
D19
6628
D19
6629
D19
6630
Air
-dri
ed
loss
25.6
-
25.3
26.2
27
.2
20.8
_
21
.6 .
27.2
__
-
23.8
22.3
26
.9__
_
23
.4
23
.4 .
Sulf
ate
0.2
7.4
3.5
0
.01
.02
.02
.29
.46
.64
.04
.07
.08
.54
.80
1.1
1
.07
.11
.13
.OIL
.OIL
.OIL
.03
.05
.06
.31
.47
.69
.03
.05
.06
.01
.02
.02
.16
.22
.24
Py
riti
c
0.7
21
.14
1.3
5
.09
.15
.17
1.02
1.6
32.2
6
.72
1.19
1.44
7.5
51
1.2
01
5.5
0
1.03
1.62
1.93 .04
.07
.08
.48
.78
.90
2.0
23.0
74
.51
.29
.49
.55
.18
.30
.33
.15
.20
.23
Org
anic
0.4
4.7
0.8
2
.34
.55
.63
.51
.82
1.1
3
.19
.31
.38
.31
.46
.64
.41
.64
.77
.52
.87
1.01 .2
5.4
1.4
7
.82
1.2
51.
83 .16
.27
.31
.71
1.1
71
.31
.79
1.0
71.2
1
Init
ial
def
orm
atio
n
1,1
50
1,2
00
1,1
00
1,1
50
1,2
10
1,0
60
1,1
65
1,2
45
1,1
30
1,2
40
1,2
40
1,2
20
So
ften
ing
1,1
65
1,2
20
1,1
25
1,16
5
1,2
40
1,0
80
1,1
95
1,2
65
1,1
60
1,25
5
1,2
55
1,2
50
Flu
id
1,1
80
1,2
30
1,2
55
1,1
80
1,2
90
1,1
00
1,2
40
1,2
90
1,1
90
1,2
70
1,2
70
1,2
75
Table 2. Proximate and ultimate analyses, an
d heat-of-combustion. forms-of-sulfur. an
d ash-fusion-temperature determinations fo
r55
li
gn
ite
County
, N
.sa
mp
les
fro
m
the
Fort
U
nion
F
orm
atio
n,
McC
one,
R
ich
lan
d,
Daw
son,
an
d W
ibau
x C
ounti
es,
M
ont.
, an
d G
old
en
Val
ley
Dak
. co
nti
nu
ed
Pro
xim
ate
analy
sis
Sam
ple
num
ber
D19
6631
D19
6632
D19
6634
D19
6635
D19
6637
D19
6638
D19
6640
Mois
ture
35.4
39.7
37.0
37.8
43.4
40.6
40.9
Vo
lati
le
matt
er
30
.0
46.4
52.5
24.9
41.3
47.6
24.3
38.6
48.5
25.1
40.4
46.8
22
.2
39.2
49.6
24.7
41.6
48.1
24.3
41.1
47.1
Fix
ed
carb
on
27.1
42.0
47.5
27.4
45.4
52.4
25.8
41.0
51.5
28.5
45.8
53.2
22.6
39.9
50.4
26.6
44.8
51.9
27-3
46.2
52.9
Ash
7.5
11.6
8.0
13.3
12.9
20.5
8.6
13.8
11.8
20.8
8.1
13.6
7.5
12.7
Hyd
roge
n
6.9
4.6
5.2
6.8
4.0
4.6
6.5
3.8
4
.8
6.6
3
.9
4.5
6.9
3
.7
4.6 6.9
4.0
4
.7
6.8
3
.8
4.4
Ult
imate
an
aly
sis
Car
bon
40.1
62.1
70.2
37.4
62.0
71.5
32.8
52.1
65.5
38.0
61.1
70.9
30.9
54.6
69.0
36.1
60.8
70.4
36
.2
61.3
70.2
Nit
rogen
0.7
1.
1 1
.2 .6
1.0
1
.1 .4
.6
.8 .6
1.0
1.1 .5
.9
1
.1 .5
.8
1.0 .5 .8
1.0
Oxy
gen
44.4
20.0
22.7
46.5
18.6
21.4
44.8
18.9
23.8
45.6
19.3
22.4
49.1
18.6
23.5
47.6
19.4
22.4
48.0
1
9.7
22.6
Su
lfu
r
0.4
.6
.7 .8
1
.3
1.5
2.5
4.0
5.0 .6
1.0
1
.1 .9
1.6
2
.0 .7
1.2
1.4 .8
1.4
1.6
Hea
t o
f co
mbust
ion
Rea
l /kg
3,7
80
5,8
50
6
,61
0
3,4
30
5,6
90
6,5
60
3,1
30
4
,96
0
6,2
40
3,4
70
5,5
80
6,4
80
2,8
10
4
,97
0
6,2
80
3,2
80
5
,52
0
6,3
90
3,3
40
5,6
60
6,4
80
Btu
/lb
6,8
00
1
0,5
20
11,9
00
6,1
70
10,2
40
11,8
00
5,6
30
8,9
30
1
1,2
30
6,2
50
1
0,0
50
11,6
60
5,0
60
8
,95
0
11,3
00
5,9
00
9,9
30
11,5
00
6,0
20
10,1
80
11
,66
0
Tabl
e 2. Proximate and
ulti
mate analyses,
and
heat
-of-
comb
usti
on,
form
s-of
-sul
fur,
an
d ash-fusion-temperature de
term
inat
ions
fo
r
ho
hO
55 li
gnit
e sa
mple
s fr
om th
e Fort Union
Form
atio
n, Mc
Cone
, , Richland,
Daws
on,
and
Wiba
ux Counties,
Mont
., an
d Golden Va
lley
Coun
ty,
N. Da
k. con
tinu
ed
Sample
number
D196
631
D196
632
D196
634
D196
635
D196
637
D196
638
D196
640
Air-dried
loss
22.6
26.2
24.3
21.8
32.6
30.1
29.9
Sulf ate
0.01
.02
.02
.02
.03
.04
.52
.83
1.04 .01
.02
.02
.11
.19
.25
.04
.07
.08
.04
.07
.08
Forms
of
Pyri
tic
0.01
.02
-02
.34
.56
.65
.90
1.43
1.80 .27
.43
.50
.45
.80
1.00 .40
.67
.78
.43
.73
.83
sulf
ur Orga
nic
0.38
.59
.67
.39
.65
.75
1.12
1.78
2.24 .34
.55
.63
.31
.55
.69
.28
.47
.55
.35
.59
.68
Ash
fusi
on
Init
ial
defo
rmat
ion
1,16
5
1,115
1,105
1,165
1,165
1,25
5
1,220
temp
erat
ure
Soft
enin
g
1,18
0 1
1,140
1
1,130
1
1,180
1
1,18
0 1
1,270
1
1,23
0 1,
°c Fluid
,210
,160
,190
,200
,200
,290
,250
Tabl
e 3. Major- and
mino
r-oxide
and
trac
e el
emen
t composition
of the
labo
rato
ry ash
of 57 li
gnit
e sa
mple
s from the
Forr
Union
Form
atio
n, Mc
Cone
. Ri
chla
nd.
Daws
on,
and
Wiba
ux Counties,
Mont., an
d Golden Va
lley
Co
unty
. N. Dak.
[Lig
nite
as
hed
at 525° C.
L, le
ss th
an the
valu
e shown; G,
gr
eate
r th
an th
e va
lue
shown; N
not
detected;
B, no
t de
term
ined
. S
afte
r el
emen
t title
indi
cate
s de
term
inat
ions
by se
miqu
anti
tati
ve emission sp
ectr
ogra
phy.
The
spec
trog
raph
ic re
sult
s ar
e to be id
enti
fied
with ge
omet
ric
brac
kets
whose
boundaries are
part
of
th
e as
cend
ing
seri
es 0.12,
0.18
, 0.
26,
0.38,
0.56
, 0.
83,
1.2,
etc. bu
t re
port
ed as midp
oint
s of
th
e brackets,
0.1, 0.15,
0.2,
0.3, 0.
5, 0.
7, 1.
0, etc.
Precision
of th
e sp
ectr
ogra
phic
da
ta is
pl
us-o
r-mi
nus
one
brac
ket
at 68 pe
rcen
t or pl
us-o
r-tn
inus
two
brac
kets
at
95 pe
rcen
t confidence level]
OJ
Sample
numb
er
D188
118
D188
119
D188
120
D188
121
D188
122
D188
123
D188
124
D188
125
D188
126
D188
136
D188
137
D188
138
D188
140
D188
141
D188
142
D188
143
D188
128
D188
129
U188
130
D188
131
D188
132
D188
133
1)18
8134
1)18
8135
D188
144
D188
145
D196
641
D196
642
D196
643
D196
645
D196
647
D196
648
D196
649
D196
650
D196
651
D196
652
D196
653
D196
654
D196
655
D196
657
Ash
(per
cent
)
13.7 9.4
10.2 9.2
8.8
13.1
10.3 7.7
6.7
14.7 8.4
11.1
10.4
12.4 9.4
9.1
14.5
10.4
12.9 8.4
10.3
16.8
19-0
10-1 9.7
14.0
12.9
17.5
13-2
13-6
17.2
14.0
40.2
10.9
31.9
17.0
10.5
27.1
15.2
10.6
S102
(percent)
35 16 24 12 22 26 137.6
13 22 17 21 33 14 25 22 18 21 29 14 14 49 459.8
31 22 28 11 32 29 18 28 16 24 55 47 25 56 21 25
A1203
(per
cent
)
14 6.1
11 7.3
10 14 4.2
5.0
6.9
9.7
7.3
9.7
11 7.6
10 13 10 9.1
12 8.6
8.0
14 16 6.9
8.0
12 117.0
11 13 6.0
11 4.3
13 17 13 13 13 7.8
17
CaO
(percent)
25 35 32 28 29 24 24 40 36 21 37 22 13 18 22 24 22 28 22 36 29 14 16 26 24 19 14 8.6
14 14 9.1
12 2-3
19 3.7
11 16 5.1
11 15
MgO
(per
cent
)
7.55
7.63
7.85
7.10
7.10
5.05
5.98
11.8 9.38
5.80
'
10.6 5.25
3.65
4.70
6.13
6.20
6.45
8.85
7.05
12.4
10.3 4.78
5.43
7.10
7.43
3.65
5.90
4.10
6.40
5.70
3.70
4.60 .95
7.00
2.08
4.90
6.10
3.10
4.10
5.90
Na20
(per
cent
)
2.00
3.33
3.45
8.75
9.28
4.30
6.83
2.48
3.28 .30
.35
8.43
8.60
8.05
10.6
11.1 .2
3.3
0.33
.34
.32
.24
.35
.18
2.95
6.78 .37
.21
1.07
2.86
2.25
2.80 .62
3.02
1.09
1.89
1.77
1.70
2.31
6.80
K20
(per
cent
)
0.84 .60
.61
.33
.39
.45
.37
.40
.39
.84
.28
1.0
1.5 .33
.50
.55
.36
.46
.73
.35
.39
2.5
1.5 .33
.64
.37
1.0 .50
1.1 .50
.70
1.2 .70
.50
1.9 .80
.60
3.0 .60
.40
Fe203
(per
cent
)
3.3
6.4
3.8
9.7
2.1
7.5
15 5.3
7.5
15
.65
6.6
6.4
16 4.3
4.8
16 7.5
7.2
3.0
8.4
2.0
2.7
207.5
13 7.3
368.
34.
5
245.
953 4.
06.
0
2.8
8.3
5.5
19 3.7
T102
(per
cent
)
0.57 .55
.53
.27
.44
.61
.43
.58
.61
.48
.49
.86
.66
.95
1.1
1.0 .69
.77
.66
.52
.80
.75
.83
.40
.77
1.1 .60
.20
.60
1.1 .80
.40
.10
.70
.50
.90
.40
.50
.60
.50
P205
(per
cent
)
l.OL
l.OL
l.OL
l.OL
l.OL
l.OL
l.XJ
Ll.OL
l.OL
l.OL
l.OL
l.OL
l.OL
l.OL
l.OL
l.OL
l.OL
l.OL
l.OL
l.OL
l.OL
l.OL
l.OL
l.OL
l.OL
l.OL .07
.08L
.61
.22
.06L
07L
.02L
.18
.03L
.12
.19
04L
.13
.09L
Samp
le
number
D188
118
D188
119
D188
120
D188
121
D188
122
D188
123
D188
124
D188
125
D188
126
D188
136
D188
137
D188
138
D188
140
D188
141
D188
142
D188
143
D188
128
D188
129
D188
130
D188
131
D188
132
D188
133
D188
134
D188
135
D188
144
D188
145
D196
641
D196
642
D196
643
D196
645
D196
647
D196
648
D196
649
D196
650
D196
651
D196
652
D196
653
D196
654
D196
655
D196
657
Tabl
e 3.
Ma.
1 or-
and
minor-oxide
and
trac
e el
emen
t composition
of th
e laboratory as
h of 57
li
gnit
e sa
mple
s from th
e Fo
rt Un
ion
Form
atio
n,
McC
one,
R
lch
lan
d,
Daw
son,
an
d W
lbau
x C
ounti
es
Sam
ple
num
ber
D18
8118
D18
8119
D18
8120
D18
8121
D18
8122
D18
8123
D18
8124
D18
8125
D18
8126
D18
8136
D18
8137
D
1881
38D
1881
40D
1881
41JH
8814
2
D18
8143
D18
8L28
D18
8129
D18
8130
D18
8131
D18
8L32
D18
8133
D18
8134
D18
8135
D18
8144
D18
8145
D19
664L
D19
6642
D19
6643
D19
6645
D19
6647
D19
6648
D19
6649
D19
6650
D19
6651
D19
6652
D19
6653
D19
6654
D19
6655
D19
6657
S03
(perc
en
t)
5.2
12 9.6
22 6.4
17 30 5.8
11 26 13 22 23 29 13 10 27 18 13 13 20 4.9
7.9
32 17 247
.98.7
7.9
7.7
11 12 5.5
9.0
3.7
3.5
9-9
4.8
12 6.8
Ag-
S
(ppm
)
N N N N N N N- N N N N N N N N N 3 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
B-S
(p
pm)
700
1,5
00
1,5
00
1,5
00
1,5
00
700
700
700
1,5
00
500
1,0
00
1,0
00
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
700
300
300
700
1,5
00
700
1,0
00
700
1,0
00
1,0
00
700
1,5
00
200
1,5
00
500
1,0
00
1,5
00
500
700
1,5
00
Ba-
S
(ppm
)
700
3,0
00
300
700
500
2,0
00
700
7,0
00
3,0
00
1,5
00
300
10,0
00
7,0
00
7,0
00
10,0
00
15
,00
07,0
00
3,0
00
500
1,5
00
7,0
00
1,5
00
1,5
00
700
2,0
00
7,0
00
3,0
00
150
1,0
00
20,0
00
20,0
00
500
1,0
00
3,0
00
700
3,0
00
1,0
00
1,0
00
5,0
00
500
Be-
S
(ppm
)
N N N N 5 N N N 5 3
N 10 15
N15
7 5 3 7 N N N 3 N10 7 15 20
3 3 3 7 10 3 7 3 5 10 3 10
, M
on
t.,
and
Go
lden
V
alle
y
Co
un
ty
Cd
(ppm
)
l.O
Ll.
OL
l.O
L3.0 l.O
L
l.O
Ll.
OL
l.O
Ll.
OL
l.O
L
l.O
L
l.O
Ll.
OL
l.O
Ll.
OL
l.O
Ll.
OL
l.O
Ll.
OL
l.O
L
l.O
Ll.
OL
l.O
L
.l.
OL
l.O
L
l.O
Ll.
OL
l.O
Ll.
OL
l.O
L
l.O
Ll.
OL
l.O
Ll.
OL
l.O
L
l.O
Ll.
OL
l.O
Ll.
OL
l.O
L
Cu
(ppm
)
35 33 54 37 44 37 44 29 60 35 46
79 73 33 52 62 37 66 68 46 39 50 93 33 64 37 132 48 72 39 35 62 44 44 93 44 49 90 42 65
Ga-
S
(ppm
)
30 15 30 15 15 30 15 10 20 15 15
30 70 20 30 50 15 30 15 15 15 30 30 15 30 30 70 70 15 30 20 30B
20 30 30 30 70 15 50
, N
. D
ak. co
nti
nu
ed
Ge-
S
(ppm
)
N N N N N N N N N N N N30
N N
20N N N N N N N N N N
50 70N N N N N N N N N N N N
La-
S
(ppm
)
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N70 70
N70
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
Sam
ple
num
ber
D18
8118
D18
8119
D18
8120
D18
8121
D18
8122
D18
8123
D18
8124
D18
8125
D18
8126
D18
8136
D18
8137
D
1881
3SD
1881
40D
1881
41D
1881
42
D18
8143
D18
8128
D18
8129
D18
8130
D18
8131
D18
8132
D18
8133
D18
8134
D18
8135
D18
8144
D18
8145
D19
6641
D19
6642
D19
6643
D19
6645
D19
6647
D19
6648
D19
6649
D19
6650
D19
6651
D19
6652
D19
6653
D19
6654
D19
6655
D19
6657
Tab
le 3
. M
ajo
r-
and
min
or-
ox
ide
and
trace
elem
ent
com
po
siti
on
o
f th
e la
bora
tory
as
h
of
57 li
gn
ite
sam
ple
s fr
om
th
e F
ort
U
nion
Fo
rmat
ion
, M
cCon
e,
Rlc
hla
nd
, D
awso
n,
and
Wlb
aux
Co
un
ties,
M
on
t.,
and
Gold
en
Sam
ple
num
ber
D18
8118
D18
8119
D18
8120
D18
8121
D18
8122
D18
8L23
D18
8124
D18
8125
D18
8126
D18
8136
D18
8137
D18
8138
D18
8140
D18
8141
D18
8142
D18
8143
D18
8128
D18
8129
D18
8130
D18
8131
DL
8813
2D
1881
33D
1881
34D
1881
35D
1881
44
D18
8145
D19
6641
D19
6642
D19
6643
D19
6645
D19
6647
D19
6648
D19
6649
D19
6650
D19
6651
D19
6652
D19
6653
D19
6654
D19
6655
D19
6657
LI
(ppm
)
84 16 37 28 39 127 19 10
L20 46 28 37 27 31 39 55 40 28 45 40 49 43 84 25 34 77 42 31 41 52 17 35 14
138
101 69 99 43 35 78
Mn
(ppr
a)
405
1,5
30
695
785
840
625
725
860
960
490
970
630
300
430
360
350
525
635
550
1,1
10
1,1
50
505
610
525
855
530
530
330
640
1,0
00
490
520
245
1,1
70
285
660
950
360
800
1,0
40
Mo-
S (p
pm)
15 30 15 15 15 15 10 730 30 15 30 70 15 30 20 20 15 15
N
15N
15 20 30 20 20 70 10 10 30 30 50 15 30 10 15 50 20 30
Nb-
S
(ppm
)
N N30
N N
30N N N
20
N20 50
N30 20
N30 20
N
20 20 20N
20 20 30 50N N N
20L N N
20 20 20L
20L N N
Hi-
S
(ppr
a)
7 10 20 7 15 7 7 10 15 7 7 15 307 15 15 7
20 307 5 7 15 15 15 15 30 200 15 10 20 20 70 15 50 15 15 50 20 15
Pb
(ppm
)
50 25 50 40 25 40 30 35 40 50 25 45 30 25 45 45 35 40 35 50 40 30 40 35 30 45 30 30 30 40 25L
25L
25L
45 30 40 40 25L
25L
30
Sc-
S
(ppm
)
10N
10 7 15 7 N N 7 7 N15 30 7 15 20
N 7 15N N
15 15N
30 10 30 30 10L
15 10 20 15 10 30 10 15 30 10 20
Val
ley
Co
un
ty,
N.
Dak
. co
nti
nu
ed
Sr-
S
(ppm
)
3,0
00
5,0
00
5,0
00
7,0
00
7,0
00
3,0
00
7,0
00
7,0
00
5,0
00
1,5
00
3,0
00
3,0
00
2,0
00
5,0
00
5,0
00
7,0
00
1,5
00
3,0
00
1,5
00
3,0
00
3,0
00
1,5
00
2,0
00
700
2,0
00
3,0
00
500
1,0
00
1,5
00
2,0
00
2,0
00
1,5
00
500
2,0
00
700
2,0
00
2,0
00
1,0
00
2,0
00
1,5
00
V-S
(p
pm)
30 30 70 30 70 30 30 30 70 30 30 150
300 50 70 150 30 70 70 30 30 70 70 30 70 30
300
200 50 70 50 150 70 30 150 70 70 100 30 70
Y-S
(p
pm)
50 20 50 30 70 30 20 20 70 30 20 70 150 30 70 70 50 70 70 20 20 30 30 30 70 50 100
100 20 50 30 70 30 30 70 30 50 70 30 70
Sam
ple
num
ber
D18
8118
D18
8119
D18
8120
D18
8121
D18
8122
D18
8123
D18
8124
D18
8125
D18
8126
D18
8136
D18
8137
D18
8138
D18
8140
D18
8141
D18
8142
D18
8143
D18
8128
D18
8129
D18
8130
D18
8131
D18
8132
D18
8133
D18
8134
D18
8135
D18
8144
D18
8145
D19
6641
D19
6642
D19
6643
D19
6645
D19
6647
D19
6648
D19
6649
D19
6650
D19
6651
D19
6652
D19
6653
D19
6654
D19
6655
D19
6657
Tab
le 3
. M
ajo
r-
and
min
or-
oxid
e an
d tr
ace
elem
ent
com
posi
tion
of
the
labora
tory
as
h
of
57 li
gn
ite
sam
ple
s fr
om
th
e F
ort
U
nion
Form
atio
n,
McC
one,
R
ich
lan
d,
Daw
son,
an
d W
ibau
x C
ou
nti
es,
M
on
t.,
and
Go
lden
V
alle
y C
ou
nty
, N
. D
ak. co
nti
nu
ed
Sam
ple
nu m
b e r
D18
8118
D18
8119
D18
8120
D18
8121
D18
8122
D18
8123
D18
8124
D18
8125
D18
8126
D18
8136
D18
8137
D18
8138
D18
8140
D18
8141
D18
8U2
D18
8143
D18
8128
D18
8129
D18
8130
D18
8131
D18
8132
D18
8133
D18
8134
D18
8135
D18
8144
D18
8145
D19
6641
D19
6642
D19
6643
D19
6645
D19
6647
D19
6648
D19
6649
D19
6650
D19
6651
D19
6652
D19
6653
D19
6654
D19
6655
D19
6657
Yb-
S(p
pm)
3 2 3 3 7 3 3 3 5 5 3 7 15 3 7 7 5 5 7 2 2 3 5 3 7 5 15 15 3 3
B 7 B 3 7 3 5 10B 5
Zn (ppm
)
34 35 78 48 28 24 30 34 39 59 33 96 118 45 50 28 38 72 84 34 40 47 62 38 36 35
1,2
00
323
304 65 67 121
186 57
233 88 160
240
103
241
Zr-
S(p
pm)
150 30 100
150
150
150 30 30 70 70 70 150
150
150
150
200
100
100
150 70 70 100
150 70
150
150
300
500
100
150
100
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
100
200
Tab
le
3.
Majo
r-
and
min
or-
ox
ide
and
trace
elem
ent
com
posi
tion
of
the
lab
ora
tory
as
h
of
57 li
gnit
e
sam
ple
s fr
om
the
Fo
rt
Uni
onFo
rmat
ion,
Mc
Cone
, Richland,
Daws
on,
and
Wiba
ux
Sample
numb
er
D196
658
D196
659
D196
661
D196
662
D196
624
D196
625
D196
627
D196
628
D196
629
D196
630
D196
631
D196
632
D196
634
D196
635
D196
637
D196
638
D196
640
Ash
(per
cent
)
22-9
13.4
26.4
13.0
14.4
10.5
28.8
12.0
10.4
12.5
12.0
10.5
21.3
11.3
17.6
10.4
12.1
S102
(percent)
44 24 12 28 50 25 55 24 20 8.0
39 23 36 31 31 20 21
A1203
(per
cent
)
9-0
8.0
5.4
12 14 8.2
6.9
9-6
12 5.5
12 9.7
12 13 11 1] 11
CaO
(percent)
7.4
17 5.4
12 7.5
257.0
19 18 12 15 16 4.8
15 13 22 18
Coun
ties
,
MgO
(per
cent
)
4.60
-6.60
2.43
4.70
4.90
8.20
2.86
7.00
6.60
4.70
5.40
6.40
2.66
5.90
5.50
7.90
6.50
Mont., an
d
Na20
(per
cent
)
0.18 .26
.60
5.50 .76
.78
.19
.33
1.41
1.51
5.50
7.30
3.14
6.50 .83
1.13 .76
Golden Valley Co
unty
,
K20
(percent)
1.1 .80
.20
.70
2.3 .50
.80
.70
.40
.50
.70
.40
1.8 .60
.40
.50
.50
Fe203
(percent)
10 8.5
46 11 3.2
3-4
3-9
7.8
7.6
7.3
3-3
6.2
16 3.6
7.3
7.5
6.8
N. Da
k. con
tinu
ed
T102
(per
cent
)
1.2 .50
.20
.50
.60
.60
3.1 .60
.50
6.4 .70
.60
.60
.70
.80
.50
.50
P205
(per
cent
)
0.04L
.15
04L
.08L
.07L
.57
03L
.16
.10
.08L
-08L
.19
.05
.09L
06L
.48
.74
Sample
number
D196
658
D196
659
D196
661
D196
662
D196
624
D196
625
D196
627
D196
628
D196
629
D196
630
D196
631
D196
632
D196
634
D196
635
D196
637
D196
638
D196
640
Sam
ple
num
ber
D19
6658
D19
6659
D19
6661
D19
6662
D19
6624
D19
6625
D19
6627
D19
6628
D19
6629
D19
6630
D19
6631
D19
6632
D19
6634
D19
6635
D19
6637
D19
6638
D19
6640
S03
(perc
ent)
7.6
11 6.7
11 4.4
5.1
5.4 7.6
9.4
13 4.4 9.4
7.0
6.5 7.4
9.8
8.8
Ag-
S (p
pm)
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
B-S
(p
pm)
700
1,0
00
300
1,0
00
1,0
00
1,5
00
700
1,5
00
1,5
00
1,5
00
1,5
00
1,5
00
700
1,0
00
700
1,5
00
1,5
00
Ba-
S
(ppm
)
5,0
00
1,0
00
2,0
00
500
1,0
00
1,0
00
20,0
00
2,0
00
1,0
00
20.0
00G
1,0
00
2,0
00
700
3,0
00
1,0
00
2,0
00
3,0
00
Be-
S
(ppm
)
7 7 10 10 15 5 15 5 15 20 303 7 3 3 3 3
Cd
(ppm
)
l.O
Ll.
OL
l.O
Ll.
OL
l.O
L
l.O
Ll.
OL
l.O
L4.0 l.O
L
l.O
L2
.0 l.O
Ll.
OL
l.O
L
l.O
Ll.
OL
Cu
(ppm
)
58 53 16 58 72 53 35 3720
3 72 67 39 116 39 72 35 35
Ga-
S
(ppm
)
30 20 20 30 70 20 50 30 50 100 50 20 70 30 30 15 15
Ge-
S
(ppm
)
N N30
N20
L N20
L N20
L70 50
N30
N20
L N20
L
La-
S
(ppm
)
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
Sam
ple
num
ber
D19
6658
D19
6659
D19
6661
D19
6662
D19
6624
D19
6625
D19
6627
D19
6628
D19
6629
D19
6630
D19
6631
1)19
6632
D19
6634
D19
6635
D19
6637
D19
6638
D19
6640
Tab
le 3
. M
ajo
r-
and
min
or-
oxid
e an
d tr
ace
elem
ent
com
posi
tion
of
the
lab
ora
tory
as
h
of
57
lignit
e
sam
ple
s fr
om
th
e F
ort
U
nion
00
Fo
rmat
ion
, M
cCon
e,
Ric
hla
nd
, D
awso
n,
and
Wib
aux
Co
un
ties,
M
ont.
, an
d G
old
en
Sam
ple
num
ber
D19
6658
D19
6659
D
1966
61
D19
6662
D19
6624
D19
6625
D19
6627
D
1966
28D
1966
29
D19
6630
D19
6631
D
1966
32D
1966
34
D19
6635
D19
6637
D19
6638
D19
6640
Li
(ppr
a)
41 32
33
53 41 33 41
39 52
10L
57
41 32
52 70 45 47
Mn
(ppm
)
185
680
150
490
285
1,8
00
180
800
740
255
740
960
290
1,2
40
590
1,2
20
1,4
80
Mo-
S(p
pm)
15 15
30
30 20 20 10
30 70
50 15
15 70
10 7 15 15
Nb-
S(p
pm)
20 20 N
20L
20L
20L
20L
20
L20
L70 30
20 50
20
L20
L N20
L
Ni-
S(p
pm)
20 15
15
15 15 10 15 10 30
50 20
1020
0 15 10 15 15
Pb (ppm
)
25L
35
30
45 40 35 25
35 30
25 50
40 45
40 35 45 25L
Sc-
S(p
pm)
15 15
15
15 50 15 30
15 20
30 30
10 30
10L
15 10L
10L
Val
ley
County
, N
. D
ak. co
nti
nu
ed
Sr-
S(p
pm)
1,0
00
1,5
00
1,0
00
2,0
00
1,5
00
2,0
00
1,5
00
2
,00
01,5
00
2,0
00
1,5
00
2,0
00
1,0
00
2,0
00
1,5
00
2,0
00
2,0
00
V-S
(ppm
)
70 70
30
70 150 70 100 70 150
300
150
50 300 50 70 15 30
Y-S
(ppr
a)
70 70
30
50 100 70 100
30 70
100
150
30 100 30 50 30 30
num
ber
D19
6658
D19
6659
D
1966
61
D19
6662
D19
6624
D19
6625
D19
6627
D
1966
28D
1966
29
D19
6630
D19
6631
D
1966
32D
1966
34
D19
6635
D19
6637
D19
6638
D19
6640
Samp
le
nu mb e r
D196
658
D196
659
D196
661
D196
662
D196
624
D196
625
D196
627
D196
628
D196
629
D196
630
D196
631
D196
632
D196
634
D196
635
D196
637
D196
638
D196
640
Yb-S
(ppm)
7 7 B5 10 5 7 3 7 15 15 3 15 3 3 2 3
Zn
(ppm)
171 40
500 42 112 57 87 54
800
275
256
184
800
261
106 48 140
Zr-S
(ppm)
200
150
150
150
200
150
300
150
150
500
500
150
300
150
150
100
150
Table
4. Content of
ni
ne tr
ace
elem
ents
in
57
li
gnit
e sa
mple
s fr
om the
Fort Union
Form
atio
n, Mc
Cone
, Ri
chla
nd,
VD
Daws
on,
and
Wibaux Co
unti
es, Mo
nt.,
an
d
[Analyses
In ai
r-dr
ied
(32°
C)
lignite.
Samp
le
number
D188
118
D188
119
D188
120
D188
121
D188
122
D188
123
D188
124
D188
125
D188
126
D188
136
D188
137
D188
138
D188
140
D188
141
DL88
142
D188
143
D188
128
D188
129
D188
130
D188
131
D188
132
D188
133
D188
134
D188
135
D188
144
D188
145
D196
641
D196
642
D196
643
D196
645
D196
647
D196
648
D196
649
D196
650
D196
651
D196
652
D196
653
D196
654
D196
655
D196
657
As
(ppm)
1.9
2.7
2.5 .7 .9
1.5
1.7
1.2
2.7
6.0 .9
6.3
15 4.8
l.OL
3-1
4.2
6.4
110 1.
3
2.1
2.5
451.9
1.3
5.6
13180 8.
35.
6
28 33 170 2.
619 3.
53.
523 19 18
Co
(ppm)
0.6 .5
2.0 .4
1.0 .5 .9 .4
1.1
1.2 .5
1.1
2.1 .7
1.5 .8 .7
2.5
2.7 .4 .4
1.2
1.3
2.0
1.5
1.1
4.9
431.3 .6
1.0
1.3
8.4 .9
7.7
1.0
1.0
6.7
1.7
1.2
Cr
(ppm)
3.2
1.9
4.2
1.3
2.0
3.1
1.7
1.0
2.2
3.4
1.2
3.5
5.1
2.0
3.0
2.4
2.5
2.7
4.5
1.5
1.8
12 7.9
1.4
3.2
3.0
14 9.1
6.0
3.6
4.3
7.3
15 2.4
22 6.3
3-3
20 4.3 .1L
F (ppm)
40 25 30 25 40 45 30 30 30 45 45 45 55 30 45 60 20L
25 40 20L
25 150
100 30 20 25 45 25 50 30 25 45 50 25 180 45 30
190 25 25
Hg
(ppm)
0.08 .16
.03
.05
. -03
-08
.08
.02
.03
.10
.02
.05
.05
03
.03
.03
.20
.08
.24
.03
.09
.06
.24
.07
.04
.10
.08
.79
.14
.09
.21
.11
.74
.08
.46
.10
.15
.18
.18
.13
Gold
Valley Co
unty
, N
. Da
k.
L, less th
an the va
lue
show
n]
Sb
(ppm
)
0-3 .2 .4 .2 .3 .3 .2 .1 .3 .8 .1
1.1
2.5 .6 .6 .9 .5
1.0
1.0 .2 .2 .6
1.0 .1 .4 .6
2.1
11.7 .3 .9
1.4
4.0 .3
2.9 .4 .5
3.8
1.8 .8
Se
(ppm)
0.9 .3 .4 .5 .4
1.2 .6 .3 .4 .8 .4 .6 .4 .6 .1L
.5 .5 .81.1 .7 .7 .7 .9 .7 .6 .8 .8
1.7
1.0 .7 .4 .4 .8 .1L
.8 .8 .5 .1L
.1L
.7
Th
(ppm)
2.7 .5
1.8 .9
1.1
2.5 .9 .4 .9
2.1 .7
1.3
1.7
1.5
1.7
1.8
2.4
1.7
2.5
1.0
1.2
3.1
3.7 .9
1.5
2.1
2.8
3.5
2.4
2.1
1.8
1.6 .1L
1.8
5.7
3.8
1.6
4.3
2.3
2.4
U (ppm)
1.5
2.1
1.7
1.0
1.2
2.1
1.1 .2L
1.2
3.1 .8
2.9
6.5
1.4
1.2
1.9
2.5
1.7
1.8 .7 .9
1.6
2.2
131.8
1.6
13 17 1.5
1.5
2.2
2.9
5.4 .9
7.4
1.5
1.2
16 1.8
1.4
Samp
le
number
D188
118
D188
119
D188
120
D188
121
D188
122
D188
123
D188
124
D188
125
D188
126
D188
136
D188
137
D188
138
D188
140
D188
141
D188
142
D188
143
D188
128
D188
129
D188
130
D188
131
D188
132
D188
133
D188
134
D188
135
D188
144
D188
145
D196
641
D196
642
D196
6A3
D196
645
D196
647
D196
648
D196
649
D196
650
D196
651
D196
652
D196
653
D196
654
D196
655
D196
657
Table 4. Content of
nine trace elements in 57 lignite samples from the
Fort Union Formation, HcCone, Richland,
u> o
Dawson, and
Wibaux Counties, Mont., an
d Gold Valley County, N. Dak
Sample
number
D196658
D196659
D196661
D196662
D196624
D196625
D196
627
D196628
D196629
D196630
D196631
D196632
D196634
D196635
D19663"?
D196638
D196640
As (ppm)
19 10 228.4
8.9
2.2
10 4.6
15 19 5.2
4.5
63 6.3
7.1
6.6
1.6
Co (ppm)
2.6 .9
2.3
1.5
1.6
1.1
2.0 .8
3.0
6.2
3.1 .5
28 .7 .6 .63.5
Cr (ppra)
8.6
6.2
4.5
4.0
9.8
3.6
143.7
4.0
6.3
5.1
3.0
29 3.3
6.3
1.7
2.8
F(ppm)
55 25 20L
30 90 20 40 20 20 20 25 25 110 35 20 20 25
Hg
(ppm)
0.12
.14
.56
.19
.06
.06
.18
.06
.23
.10
.06
.15
1.23
.11
.24
.15
.08
Sb (ppr
a)
3.6 .4
1.5
1.0
1.9 .4
2.0 .4
1.1
4.7
1.1 .4
7.3 .4 .8 .6 .3
Se (ppm)
1.3 .7 .9 .5 .6 .7
1.2 .6 .5 .6
1.0 .7
1.1 .7
1.6 .1L
.6
. continued
Th (ppm
)
3.7
2.7
2.5
2.1
2.5
2.4
5.3
2.0
1.6
1.1
3.6
1.8
5.7
2.3
4.4
1.4
1.8
U(ppm)
5.2
2.1
1.8
1.8
11
.89.8
2.7
2.4
10 4.1 .9
13.8
4.3 .9
1.2
Sample
number
D196658
D196659
D196661
D196662
D196624
D196625
D196627
D196628
D196629
D196630
D196631
D196632
D196634
D196635
D196637
D196638
D196640
Table 5. Major-, mi
nor-
, and trace-element co
mpos
itio
n of 57 lignite samples from the
Fort Union Formation. HcCone, Richland,
Dawson. and Wtbaux Counties, Mont., an
d Golden Valley County, N.
Dak.
[Val
ues
in percent or
parts per million.
As,
Co,
Cr,
F, Hg,
Sb,
Se,
Th,
and
U values are
from direct determinations on air-dried
(32°
C) li
gnit
e; all other values calculated from analyses of lignite as
h-
S means analysis by emission spectrography; L,
less
than
th
e value shown; G,
greater th
an the
value sh
own;
N,
not
detected; B,
not determined]
Sam
ple
num
ber
D18
8118
D18
8119
D18
8120
D18
8121
D18
8122
D18
8123
D18
8124
D18
8125
D18
8126
D18
8136
D18
8137
D18
8138
D18
8140
D188U
ID
1881
42
D18
8U3
D18
8128
D18
8129
D18
8130
D18
8131
D18
8132
D18
8133
D18
8134
D18
8135
D18
8144
D18
8145
D19
6641
D19
6642
D19
6643
D19
6645
D19
6647
D19
6648
D19
6649
D19
6650
D19
6651
D19
6652
D19
6653
D19
6654
D19
6655
D19
6657
Si
(perc
en
t)
2.2 .7
0l.
l .52
.90
1.6 .6
3.2
7.4
11.5 .6
71
.1 1.6 .8
11.1 .9
31.2
1.0
1.7 .5
5
.67
3.8
4.0 .4
61
.4
1.4 1.7 .9
02.0 1.8
1.4
1.8
3.0
1.2
8.2
3.7 1.2
7.1 1.5
1.2
Al
(perc
en
t)
1.0 .3
0.5
9.3
6.4
7
.97
.23
.20
.24
.75
.32
.57
.61
.50
.50
.63
.77
.50
.82
.38
.44
1.2
1.6 .3
7.4
1
.89
.75
.65
.77
.94
.55
.81
.91
.75
2.9 1.2 .7
21.
9 .63
.95
Ca
(perc
ent)
2.4
2.3
2.3 1.8
1.8
2.2
1.8
2.2 1.7
2.2 2.2 1.7 .9
71
.61.5
1.6
2-3
2.1
2-0
2.2
2.1 1.7
2-2
1.9 1.7
1.9 1.3
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.1
1.2 .6
61
.5 .84
1.3 1.2 .9
91
.2 1.1
Mg
(perc
ent)
0.6
2.4
3.4
8.3
9.3
8
.40
.37
.55
.38
.51
.54
.35
.23
.35
.35
.34
.56
.55
.55
.63
.64
.48
.62
.43
.43
.31
.46
.43
.51
.47
.38
.39
.23
.46
.40
.50
.39
.51
.38
.38
Na
(perc
ent)
0.2
0.2
3.2
6.6
0.6
1
.42
.52
.14
.16
.033
.022
.69
.66
.74
.74
.75
.025
.023
.032
.021
.024
.030
.04
9.0
13
.21
.70
.035
.02
7.1
0.2
9
.29
.29
.18
.24
.26
.24
.14
.34
.26
.53
K (p
erc
en
t)
0.0
96
.04
7.0
52
.025
.029
.04
9.0
32
.026
.022
.10
.020
.092
.13
.034
.03
9
.042
.043
.040
.078
.024
.033
.35
.24
.02
8.0
52
.043
.11
.07
3.1
2.0
57
.10
.14
.23
.045
.50
.11
.05
2.6
8.0
76
.035
Fe
(perc
ent)
0.3
2.4
2.2
7.6
2.1
3
.69
1.1 .2
9.3
51.
5 .038
.51
.47
1.4 .2
8
.31
1.6 .5
5.6
5.1
8
.60
.23
.36
1.4 .5
1
1.3 .6
64
.4 .77
.43
2.9 .5
815
.30
1.3 .3
3.6
11.0
2.0 .2
7
Ti
(perc
en
t)
0.0
47
.03
1.0
32
.015
.023
.048
.027
.02
7.0
24
.042
.025
.057
.04
1.0
71
.062
.055
.060
.048
.051
.026
.049
.075
.09
4.0
24
.045
.092
.046
.02
1.0
47
.090
.082
- .0
34
.024
.046
.096
.09
2.0
25
.081
.055
.032
Ag-
S
(ppm
) N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N .5 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
As
(ppm
)
1.9
2.7
2.5 .7 .9
1.5
1.7
1.2
2.7
6.0 .9
6.3
15 4.8
l.O
L
3.1
4.2
6.4
110 1
.3
2.1
2.5
451
.91.3
5.6
1318
0 8.3
5.6
28 33 170 2
.619 3
.53.5
23 19 18
Sam
ple
num
ber
D18
8118
D18
8119
D18
8120
D18
8121
'
D18
8122
D18
8123
D18
8124
D18
8125
D18
8126
D18
8136
D18
8137
D18
8138
D18
8140
D18
8141
D18
8142
D18
8143
D18
8128
D18
8129
D18
8130
D18
8131
D18
8132
D18
8133
D18
8134
D18
8135
D18
8144
D18
8145
D19
6641
D19
6642
D19
6643
D19
6645
D19
6647
D19
6648
D19
6649
D19
6650
D19
6651
D19
6652
D19
6653
D19
6654
D19
6655
D19
6657
Tab
le 5
. M
ajo
r-,
min
or-
, an
d tr
ace-e
lem
ent
com
po
sito
n
of
57 li
gnit
e
sam
ple
s fr
om
th
e
Fo
rt
Uni
on
Form
atio
n.
McC
one.
R
ichln
nd,
U)
ro
Sam
ple
num
ber
D18
8118
D18
8119
D18
8120
D18
8121
D18
8122
D18
8123
D18
8124
D18
8125
D18
8126
D18
8136
D18
8L37
D18
8138
D18
8140
D18
8141
D18
8142
D18
8143
U18
8128
D18
8129
D18
8130
D18
8131
D18
8132
D18
8133
D18
8134
D18
8135
D18
8144
D18
8145
D19
6641
D19
6642
D19
6643
D19
6645
DL
9664
7D
1966
48D
1966
49D
1966
50D
1966
51
D19
6652
D19
6653
D19
6654
D19
6655
D19
6657
B-S
(ppm
)
100
150
150
150
150
100 70 50 100 70 100
100 70 100 70 70 100 70 100 70 70 50 70 70 150
100
150
150
150
150
100
200 70 150
150
150
150
150
100
150
Daw
son,
Ba-
S(p
pm
)
100
300 30 70 50 300 70
500
200
200 20
1,0
00
700
1,0
00
1,0
00
1,5
00
1,0
00
300 70 150
700
200
300 70 200
1,0
00
500 30 150
3,0
00
3,0
00 70
500
300
200
500
100
300
700 50
and
Wib
aux
Be-
S(p
pm)
N N N N .5 N N N .3 .5 N 1 1.5 N 1.5 .7 .7 .3
1 N N N .7 N 1 1 2 3.5 .5 .5
1 5.3
2
.5 .53
.51
Co
un
ties,
M
on
t.,
and
Cd
(ppm
)
0.1
4L
09L
.10L
.28
.09L
.13L
.10L
.08L
.07L
.15L
.08L
.11L
.10L
.12L
.09L
.09L
.15L
.10L
.13L
.08L
10
L.1
7L.1
9L.1
0L.1
0L
.14L
13L
.18L
.13L
.14L
17L
.14L
.40L
.11L
.32L
.17L
.11L
.27L
.15L
.11L
Co
(ppm
)
0.6 .5
2.0 .4
1.0 .5 .9 .4
1.1
1.2 .5 1.1
2.1 .7
1.5 .8 .7
2.5
2.7 .4 .4
1.2
1.3
2.0 1.5
1.1
4.9
431
.3 .6
1.0
1.3
8.4 .9
7.7 1.0
1.0
6.7 1.7 1.2
Go
lden
V
alle
y
Cr
(ppm
)
3.2 1.9
4.2 1.3
2.0
3.1 1.7
1.0
2.2
3.4 1.2
3.5
5.1 2.0
3.0
2.4
2.5
2.7
4.5 1.5
1.8
12 7.9
1.4
3.2
3.0
14 9.1
6.0
3.6
4.3
7.3
15 2.4
22
6.3
3.3
20 4.3 .1
L
Co
unty
, N
Cu
(ppm
)
4.8
3-1
5.5
3.4
3.9
4.8
4.5
2.2
4.0
5.1 3.9
8.8 7.6
4.1
4.9
5.6
5.4
6.9
8.8
3.9
4.0
8.4
18 3.3
6.2
5.2
17 8.4
9.5
5.3
6.0
8.7
18 4.8
30
7.5
5.1
24 6.4
6.9
. D
ak. co
nti
nu
ed
F(p
pm)
40 25 30 25 40 45 30 30 30 45 45 45 55 30 45 60 20L
25 40 20L
25 150
100 30 20 25 45 25 50 30 25 45 50 25 180 45 30 190 25 25
Ga-
S(p
pm)
5 1.5
3 1.5
1.5
5 1.5 .7
1.5
2 1.5
3 7 2 3 5 2 3 2 1.5
1.5
5 7 1.5
3 5 10 15 2 5 3 5B
2 10 5 3 20 2 5
Ge-
S(p
pm)
N N N N N N N N N N N N 3 N N 2 N N N N N N N N N N 7 15N N N N N N N N N N N N
Sam
ple
num
ber
D18
8118
D18
8119
D18
8120
D18
8121
D18
8122
D18
8123
D18
8124
D18
8125
D18
8126
D18
8136
D18
8137
D18
8138
D18
8140
D18
8141
D18
8142
D18
8143
D18
8128
D18
8129
D18
8130
D18
8131
D18
8132
D18
8133
D18
8134
D18
8135
D18
8144
D18
8145
D19
6641
D19
6642
D19
6643
D19
6645
D19
6647
D19
6648
D19
6649
D19
6650
D19
6651
D19
6652
D19
6653
D19
6654
D19
6655
D19
6657
Tab
le 5
. M
ajo
r-,
min
or-
, an
d
trace-e
lem
ent
com
pogit
on
of
57 li
gnit
e
sam
ple
s fr
om
th
e
Fort
U
nio
n
Fo
rmati
on
, M
cCon
e,
Rlc
hla
nd
.
U>
U>
Daws
on,
and Wl
baux
Co
unti
es,
Mont
., and
Golden Valley
Samp
le
number
D1881
18D1
8811
9D1
8812
0D1
8812
1D1
8812
2
D188
123
D188
124
D188
125
D188
126
D188
136
D188
137
D188
138
D188
140
D188
141
D188
142
D188
143
D188
128
D188
129
D188
130
D188
131
D188
132
D188
133
D188
134
D188
135
D188
144
D188
145
D196
641
D196
642
D196
643
D196
645
D196
647
D196
648
D196
649
D196
650
D196
651
D196
652
D196
653
D196
654
D196
655
D196
657
Hg
(ppm
)
0.08 .16
.03
.05
.03
.08
.08
.02
.03
.10
.02
.05
.05
.03
.03
.03
.20
.08
.24
.03
.09
.06
.24
.07
.04
.10
.08
.79
.14
.09
.21
.11
.74
.08
.46
.10
.15
.18
.18
.13
La-S
(ppm) N N N N N N N N N N N N N N 7 7 N 7 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LI
(ppm
)
12 1.5
3.8
2.6
3-4
17 2.0 8L
1.3
6.8
2.4
4.1
2.8
3.8
3-7
5.0
5.8
2.9
5.8
3-4
5-0
7.2
16 2.5
3.3
11 5.4
5.4
5.4
7.1
2.9
4.9
5.6
15
32 12
10
12 5-3 8.3
Mn
(ppm)
55 140 71 72 74 82 75 66 64 72 81 70 31 53 34 32
76
66 71 93 120 85 120 53
83 74
68
58
84
140 84
73
98
130 91 110
100 98 120
110
Mo-S
(ppm)
2 3 1.5
1.5
1.5
2 1.5
2 5 1.5
3 7 2 3 2 3 1.5
2 N 1.5 N 3 2 3 3 2 15
1.5
1.5
5 5 20 1.5
10
1.5
1.5
15 3 3
Nb-S
(ppm) N N 3 N N
5N N N 3 N 2 5 N 3 2 N 3 2 N 2 3 3 N 2 3 5 10N N N 3L N N 7 3 2L
5L N N
County, N.
Ni-S
(ppm)
1 1 2.7
1.5
1.7 .7
1 1
.71.
53 1 1.
5
1.5
1 2 5.7 .5
1 3 1.5
1.5
2 5 30 2 1.5
3 3 30
1.5
15 2 1.5
15 3 1.5
Dak. continued
P (p
pm)
600L
410L
4 SOL
400L
380L
570L
450L
340L
290L
640L
370L
490L
450L
540L
410L
400L
63
0L
450L
560L
370L
450L
730L
83 OL
440L
420L
610L
39
61L
350
130 45L
43L
35L
86
42L
89
87
47L
86 42L
Pb
(ppm
)
6.9
2.4
5.1
3.7
2.2
5.2
3.1
2.7
2.7
7.4
2.1
5.0
3.1
3.1
4.2
4.1
5.1
4.2
4.5
4.2
4.1
5.0
7.6
3.5
2.9
6.3
3-9
5.3
4.0
5.4
4.3L
3.5L
10
L 4.9
9.6
6.8
4.2
6.8L
3.8L
3.2
Sb
(ppm
)
0.3 .2 .4 .2 .3 .3 .2 .1 .3 .8 .1
1.1
2.5 .6 .6 .9
.5
1.0
1.0 .2 .2 .6
1.0 .1
.4 .6
2.1
11.0
.7
.3 .9
1.4
4.0
2^9 .4
.5
3.8
1.8 .8
Sample
nu mb e r
D188
118
D188
119
D188
120
D188
121
D188
122
D188
123
D188
124
D188
125
D188
126
D188
136
D188
137
D188
138
D188
140
D188
141
D188
142
D188
143
D188
128
D188
129
D188
130
D188
131
D188
132
D188
133
D188
134
D188
135
D188144
D188
145
D196
641
D196
642
D196
643
D196
645
D196
647
D196
648
D196
649
D196
650
D196
651
D196
652
D196
653
D196
654
D196
655
DI96
657
Tab
le 5.
Majo
r-,
min
or-
, an
d tr
ace-e
lem
en
t co
mpo
siti
on
of
57 li
gnit
e
sam
ple
s fr
om
th
e F
ort
U
nion
F
orm
atio
n,
McC
one,
R
ich
lan
d,
OJ -p-
Daws
on,
and
Wibaux Co
unti
es,
Mont.j and
Golden Va
lley
Co
unty
, N.
Sample
number
D188
118
D188
119
D188
120
D188
121
D188
122
D188
123
D188
124
D188
125
D188
126
D188
136
D188
137
D188
138
D188
1AO
D188
1A1
D188
142
D188
143
D188
128
D188
129
D188
130
D188
131
D188
132
D188
133
D188
134
D188
135
D188
144
D188
145
D196
641
D196
642
D196
643
D196
6A5
D196
647
D196
648
D196
649
D196
650
D196
651
D196
652
D196
653
D196
654
D196
655
D196
657
Sc-S
(ppm
)
1.5 N 1.7
1.5
1 N N .51 N 1.
53 1 1.
5
2 N .72 N N 2 3 N 3 1.
55 5 1.
5L2 1.
53 7 1 10 1.
51.5
7 1.5
2
Se (ppm
)
0.9 .3 .4 .5 .4
1.2 .6 .3 .4 .8 .4 .6 .4 .6 .1L
.5 .5 .81.
1 .7 .7 .7 .9 .7 .6 .8 .81.7
1.0 .7 .4 .4 .8 .11.
.8 .8 .5 .1L
.1L
.7
Sr-S
(ppm)
500
500
500
700
700
500
700
500
300
200
200
300
200
700
500
700
200
300
200
200
300
200
300 70
200
500 70 150
200
300
300
200
200
200
200
300
200
300
300
150
Th (ppm)
2.7 .5
1.8 .9
1.1
2.5 .9 .4 .9
2.1 .7
1.3
1.7
1.5
1.7
1.8
2.4
1.7
2.5
1.0
1.2
3.1
3.7 .9
1.5
2.1
2.8
3.5
2.4
2.1
1.8
1.6 .1L
1.8
5.7
3.8
1.6
4.3
2.3
2.4
U(p
pm)
1.5
2.1
1.7
1.0
1.2
2.1
1.1 .2L
1.2
3.1 .8
2.9
6.5
1.4
1.2
1.9
2.5
1.7
1.8 .7 .9
1.6
2.2
13 1.8
1.6
13 171.5
1.5
2.2
2.9
5. A .9
7. A
1.5
1.2
161.8
1.4
V-S
(ppm)
5 3 7 3 7 5 3 2 5 5 2 15 307 7
15 5 7 10 2 3 10 15 3 7 550 307 10 10 20 303
50 10 730 5 7
Y-S
(ppm
)
7 2 5 3 7 5 2 1.5
5 5 1.5
7 15 3 7 7 7 7 101.5
2 5 7 3 7 7 15 15 3 7 5 10 10 320 5 5 205 7
Dak.
continued
Yb-S
(ppm)
0.5 .2 .3 .3 .7 .5 .3 .2 .3 .7 .2 .7 1.5 .3 .7 .7 .7 .5
1.1
5
.2 .51.3 .7 .7
2 3.5 .5 B 1 B .3
2
.5 .53B .5
Zn (ppm)
A. 7
3.3
8.0
4.4
2.5
3.1
3.1
2.6
2.6
8.7
2.8
11 12 5-6 A. 7
2.5
5.5
7.5
11 2.9
A.I
7.9
12 3.8
3.5
A. 9
150 57 AO8.
8
12 17 75 6.2
7A 15 17 65 16 26
Zr-S
(ppm
)
203 10 15 15 20 3 2 5 10
7 15 15 20 15 20 15 10 207 7 15 307 15 20 50 100 15 20 15 20 70 15 50 20 15 50 15 20
Sample
numb
er
D188
118
D188
119
D188
120
D188
121
D188
122
D188
123
D188
124
D188
125
D188
126
D188
136
D188
137
D188
138
D188
140
D188
1A1
D188
142
D188
1A3
D188
128
D188
129
D188
130
D188
131
D188
132
D188
133
D188
13A
D188
135
D188
1AA
D188
1A5
D196
6A1
D196
6A2
D196
643
D196
6A5
D196
6A7
D196
6A8
D196
6A9
D196
650
D196
651
D196
652
D196
653
D196
65A
D196
655
D196
657
Tab
le 5
. M
ajo
r-,
min
or-
, an
d tr
ace-e
lem
ent
com
posi
tion
o
f 57
li
gn
ite
sam
ple
s fr
om
the
Fo
rt
Uni
on
Form
atio
n,
McC
one.
R
ich
lan
d,
Daws
on,
and
Wlbaux Co
unti
es,
Mont
., an
d Golden Valley Co
unty
, N. Dak. con
tinu
ed
Samp
le
number
D196
658
D196
659
D196
661
D196
662
D196
624
D196
625
D196
627
D196
628
D196
629
D196
630
D196
631
D196
632
D196
634
D196
635
D196
637
D196
638
D196
640
Si
(per
cent
)
4.7
1.5
1.5
1.7
3.4
1.2
7-4
1.3 .97
.47
2.2
1.1
3-6
1.6
2.5 .97
1.2
Al
(per
cent
)
1.1 .57
.75
.83
1.1 .46
1.1 .61
.66
.36
.76
.54
1.4 .78
1.0 .61
.70
Ca
(per
cent
)
1.2
1.6
1.0
1.1 .77
1.9
1.4
1.6
1.3
1.1
1.3
1.2 .73
1.2
1.6
1.6
1.6
Mg
(percent)
0.63 .53
.39
.37
.42
.52
.50
.51
.41
.35
.39
.40
.34
.40
.58
.49
.47
Na
(per
cent
)
0.031
.026
.12
.53
.081
.061
.041
.029
.11
.14
.49
.57
.50
.54
.11
.087
.068
K (p
erce
nt)
0.21 .089
.044
.076
.28
.044
.19
.070
.035
.052
.070
.035
.32
.056
.059
.043
.050
Fe
Tl
(percent)
(per
cent
)
1.6 .80
8.5
1.0 .32
.25
.79
.65
.55
.64
.28
.46
2.4 .28
.90
.55
.58
0.16 .040
.032
.039
.052
.038
.53
.043
.031
.48
.050
.038
.077
.047
.084
.031
.036
(ppm) N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
As
(ppm
)
19 10 228.
48.
9
2.2
10 4.6
15 19 5.2
4.5
636.
37.
1
6.6
1.6
Samp
le
number
D196
658
D196
659
D196
661
D196
662
D196
624
D196
625
D196
627
D196
628
D196
629
D196
630
D196
631
D196
632
D196
634
D196
635
D196
637
D196
638
D196
640
Sam
ple
num
ber
D19
6658
D19
6659
D19
6661
D19
6662
D19
6624
D19
6625
D19
6627
D19
6628
D19
6629
D19
6630
D19
6631
D19
6632
D19
6634
D19
6635
D19
6637
D19
6638
D19
6640
B-S
(p
pm)
150
150 70 150
150
150
200
200
150
200
200
150
150
100
150
150
200
Ba-
S
(ppm
)
1,0
00
150
500 70 150
100
7,0
00
200
100
2.00
0G
100
200
150
300
150
200
300
Be-
S
(ppm
)
1.5 1 3 1.5
2
.55
.71
.52 3
.31.5 .3 .5 .3 .3
Cd
(ppm
)
0.2
3L
.13L
.26L
.13L
.14L
.11L
.29L
.12L
.42
.13L
.12L
.21
.21L
.11L
.18L
.101
,.1
2L
Co
(ppm
)
2.6 .9
2.3
1.5
1.6
1.1
2.0 .8
3.0
6.2
3-1 .5
28.7 .6 .6
3.5
Cr
(ppm
)
8.6
6.2
4.5
4.0
9.8
3.6
14 3.7
4.0
6.3
5.1
3.0
29 3-3
6.3 1.7
2.8
Cu
(ppm
)
137.
14
.27.5
10 5.6
10 4.4
219
.0
8.0
4.1
25 4.4
13 3.6
4.2
F (p
pm)
55 25 20L
30 90 20 40 20 20 20 25 25 110 35 20 20 25
Ga-
S
(ppm
)
7 3 5 5 10 2 15 3 5 15 7 2 15 3 5 1.5
2
Ge-
S
(ppm
)
N N 7 N 3L N 7L N 2L 10 7 N 7 N 3L N 2L
Sam
ple
num
ber
D19
6658
D19
6659
D19
6661
D19
6662
D19
6624
D19
6625
D19
6627
D19
6628
D19
6629
D19
6630
D19
6631
D19
6632
D19
6634
D19
6635
D19
6637
D19
6638
D19
6640
Tabl
e 5. Major-, mi
nor-
, and
trac
e-el
emen
t compositon of 57
li
gnit
e sa
mple
s from the
Fort
Union
Form
atio
n. Hc
Cone
, Richland.
Daws
on,
and
Wibaux Counties,
Mont., and
Golden Valley
Sample
numb
er
D196
658
D196
659
D196
661
D196
662
D196
624
D196
625
D196
627
D196
628
D196
629
D196
630
D196
631
D196
632
D196
634
D196
635
D196
637
D196
638
D196
640
Hg (ppm
)
0.12 .14
.56
.19
.06
.06
.18
.06
.23
.10
.06
.15
1.2 .11
.24
.15
.08
La-S
(ppm
) N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LI (ppm)
9-4
4-3
8.7
6.9
5.9
3.5
12 4.7
5.4
1.3L
6.8
4.3
6.8
5.9
12 4.7
5.7
Mn
(ppm
)
42 91 40 64 41 190 52 96 77 32 89 100 62 140
100
130
180
Mo-S
(ppm)
3 2 7 5 3 2 3 3 7 7 2 1.5
151 1.5
1.5
2
Nb-S
(ppm)
5 3 N 2L 3L 2L 7L 2L 2L 10 3 2 10 2L 3L N 2L
Coun
ty,
N.
Nl-S
(ppm
)
5 2 5 2 2 1 5 1 3 7 2 1501.5
1.5
1.5
2
Dak. con
tinu
ed
P(ppm)
40L
88 46L
45L
44L
260 38L
84 45 44L
42L
87 47 44L
46L
220
390
Pb (ppm)
5.7L
4.7
7.9
5.9
5.8
3.7
7.2
4.2
3.1
3.1
6.0
4.2
9-6
4.5
6.2
4.7
3.0L
Sb (ppm
)
3.6 .4
1.5
1.0
1.9 .4
2.0 .4
l.l
4.7
1.1 .4
7.3 .4 .8 .6 .3
Sample
number
D196
658
D196
659
D196
661
D196
662
D196
624
D196
625
D196
627
D196
628
D196
629
D196
630
D196
631
D196
632
D196
634
D196
635
D196
637
D196638
D196
640
Samp
le
numb
er
D196
658
D196
659
D196
661
1)19
6662
D196
624
D196
625
D196
627
D196
628
D196
629
D196
630
D196
631
D196
632
D196
634
D196
635
D196
637
D196
638
D196
640
Sc-S
(p
pm)
3 2 5 2 7 1.5
10 2 2 3 3 1 7 1L 3 1L 1L
Se
(ppm)
1.3 .7 .9 .5 .6 .7
1.2 .6 .5 .6
1.0 .7
1.1 .7
1.6 .1L
.6
Sr-S
(ppm)
200
200
300
200
200
200
500
200
150
200
200
200
200
200
300
200
200
Th
(ppm)
3.7
2.7
2.5
2-1
2.5
2.4
5.3
2.0
1.6
l.l
3.6
1.8
5.7
2.3
4.4
1.4
1.8
U (p
pm)
5.2
2.1
1.8
1.8
11
.89.8
2.7
2.4
10 4.1 .9
13.8
4.3 .9
1.2
V-S
(ppm)
15 10 7 10 20
730 10 15 30 20 5 70 7 15 1.
53
Y-S
(ppm)
15 10 7 7 15 7303 7 15 20 3 203 10 3 3
Yb-S
(ppm
)
1.5
1 B .71.
5 .52.3 .7
2 2.3
3.3 .5 .2 .3
Zn
(ppm
)
39 5.4
130 5.
516 6.
0256.
583 34 31 1917
0 29 19 5.0
17
Zr-S
(ppm
)
50 20 50 20 30 15 100 20 15 70 70 15 70 15 30 10 20
Sample
number
D196
658
D196
659
D196
661
D196
662
D196
624
D196
625
D196
627
D196
628
D196
629
D196
630
D196
631
D196
632
D196
634
D196
635
D196
637
D196
638
D196
640
Table 6. Elements looked for but not detected inlignite samples from theMcCone, Rich land, Daws on,Mont., and Golden Valley
Fort Union Formation,and Wibaux Counties,
County, N. Dakota.
[Approximate lower detection limits for these elements in lignite ash, by the six-step spectrographic method of the U.S. Geological Survey are included]
Element Name Symbol
Gold Au
Bismuth Bi
Cerium Ce
Dysprosium Dy
Erbium Er
Europium Eu
Gadolinium Gd
Hafnium Hf
Holmium Ho
Indium In
Lutetium Lu
Neodymium Nd
Palladium Pd
Praseodymium Pr
Platinum Pt
Rhenium Re
Samarium Sm
Tin Sn
Tantalum Ta
Terbium Tb
Tellurium Te
Thallium Tl
Thulium Tm
Tungsten W
Lower limit ofdetection (ppm) in lignite ash
50
20
500
100
100
200
100
200
50
20
70
150
5
200
100
100
200
20
1,000
700
5,000
100
50
200
37
Table 7. Arithmetic mean, observed range, geometric mean, and geometric deviation of proximate and ultimate analyses, heat of combustion, forms of sulfur, and ash-fusion- temperature of 55 lignite samples from the Fort Union Formation, McCone, Richland, Dawson, and Wibaux Counties, Mont., and Golden Valley County, N. Dak.
[For comparison, geometric means for 32 other Fort Union region, North Dakota, and Montana lignite samples are included (Swanson and others, 1974, table 8). All values are in percent except Kcal/kg, Btu/lb, ash-fusion temperatures and geometric deviations and are reported on the as-received basis. L, less than the value shown. Leaders ( ) indicate no data. Kcal/kg = 0.556(Btu/lb). °F = (°C x 1.8) + 32]
Arithmetic Observed rangemean
GeometricMinimum Maximum mean
Geometric deviation
Fort Union region
geometric mean
Proximate and ultimate analyses
MoistureVolatilematter
Fixedcarbon
AshHydrogen CarbonNitrogen Oxygen Sulfur
37.5
25.0
27.99.56.7
36.8.6
44.7 1.2
26.2
13.3
20.53.65.2
28.6.4
29.7 .2
43.4
38.8
44.023.77.3
41.9.7
51.5 11.7
37.4
24.7
27.68.86.6
36.6.6
44.5 .8
1.1
1.2
1.21.51.1 1.11.2 1.12.4
34.9
27.4
30.16.46.7
40.7.6
43.9 .6
Heat of combustion
Kcal/kg Btu/lb
SulfatePyritic Organic
3,410 6,130
0.14.77 .50
2,690 4,840
0.01L.OIL .13
3,865 6,950
Forms of
.958.40 2.46
3,395 6,110
sulfur
0.04.27 .41
1.1 1.1
4.54.3 1.9
3,770 6,780
0.02.13.36
Ash-fusion temperatures, °C
Initialdeformation
Softening temperature
Fluidtemperature
1,180
1,215
1,260
1,040
1,060
1,080
1,410
1,460
1,590
1,180
1,210
1,260
1.1
1.1
1.1
38
Table 8. Arithmetic mean, observed range, geometric mean, and geometric deviation of ashcontent and contents of nine major and minor oxides in the laboratory ash of 57 lignitesamples from the Fort Union Formation, McCone, Richland, Dawson, and Wibaux Counties,Mont. , and Golden Valley County, N. Dak.
[For comparison, geometric means of analyses of 80 other Fort Union region, North Dakota and Montana lignite samples are included (Hatch and Swanson, 1977, table 5a) . All samples were ashed at 525°C; all analyses except geometric deviation are in percent]
Oxide
(Ash)
Si02
A1 2°3
CaO
MgO
Na20
K20
Fe 20 3
Ti0 2
so3
Arithmetic mean
14.0
26
10
19
6.1
3.4
.74
9.5
.73
12
ObservedMinimum
6.7
7.6
4.2
2.3
.95
.18
.20
.65
.10
3.5
rangeMaximum
40.2
56
17
40
12.4
11.1
3.0
53
6.4
32
Geometric mean
13.1
23
9.7
16
5.55
1.48
.63
7.0
.62
10
Geometric deviation
1.4
1.6
1.4
1.8
1.5
3.7
1.8
2.2
1.8
1.8
Fort Unionregion
geometric mean
9.0
13
8.6
22
7.01
1.43
.059
5.0
.49
19
39
Table 9. Arithmetic mean, observed range, geometric mean, and geometric deviation of 35 elements in 57 lignite samples from the Fort Union Formation, McCone, Richland, Dawson, and Wibaux Counties, Mont., and Golden Valley County, N. Dak.
[For comparison, geometric means of analyses for 80 other Fort Union region North Dakota and Montana coal samples are included (Hatch and Swanson, 1977, table 5b). All analyses except geometric deviation are in percent or parts per million and are reported on a whole-coal basis. As, Co, Cr, F, Hg, Sb, Se, Th, and U values used to calculate the statistics were determined directly on whole coal. All other values were calculated from determinations made on coal ash. L, less than the value shown]
Element
SiAlCaMgNaKFeTi
AsBBaBeCoCrCuFGaHgLiMnMoNbNiPbSbScSeSrThUVYYbZnZr
Arithmeticmean
1.8.76
1.6.45.30.09
1.0.06
15150500
1.5
17.9
415.15
6.6853234.41.22.7
3002.33.4
157.7
2220
ObservedMinimum
0.27.20.66.23.013.020.038.01
0.75020 7
.3L
.03
.1L2.2
20L.7.02.8L
31.5L
2L.5
2.1.1.5.1L
70.1L.2L
1.51.5.15
2.52
rangeMaximum
8.22.92.4.64.75.68
15.53
Parts
180200
,000577
30190201.23
321902010509.6
11101.7
7005.7
1770303
170100
Geometricmean
1.4.67
1.5.44.14.07.64.05
per million
6.2100200
.7
.2
.56.7
353.10
5.27821.524.7
1.5.6
3001.92.3
107.7
1120
Geometricdeviation
2.01.71.41.33.42.32.71.9
3.81.53.52.83.43.11.81.82.12.52.01.52.32.32.71.62.92.91.61.71.82.42.42.12.23.22.3
Fort Unionregion
geometric mean
0.55.41
1.4.38.095.006.32.028
4100300
.21.51.53.8
261.5.09
2.429111.53.8.2
1.5.6
5002.4.6
33.2
2.310
40
