Chemical Engineering Laboratory 2 John Loro

7/23/2019 Chemical Engineering Laboratory 2 John Loro

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[Chemical Engineering Laboratory 2]

SEGi University

EXPERIMENT 1: BERNOULIS PRINCPLE

Candidates Name: J!n Lr Emman"e#

St"dent I$: SCM%&'(()*

Gr"+ Mem,ers Name: Ms!sen M!amad -.ad!

-,da##a Sa#! S"#iman

M!ammad N"mair Naeem

Emad -#%S!adadi

Le/t"rer0 S"+ervisr:

$ate S",missin: 1201&0'&13


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1.0 OBJECTIVE

The objective of this experiment is to invertigate Bernoulli's law and

pressure dispersion along the endeavor tube. The "Bernoulli's

guideline" trial investigates the Bernoulli's legitimacy mathematical

statement by applying it to the stream of water in a decreasing even

tube. This is done to gure out whether the aggregate weight head

stays consistent along the tube's length as anticipated by the

comparison since the Bernoulli's mathematical statement expresses

that varieties in static weight head along the tube can be computed

through the mathematical statement. Toward the test's end,

diagrams of stream speed versus estimation focuses and weight

appropriation along venture tube is readied for both set and set !.

2.0 THEORY/INTRODUCTION

The Bernoullis e#uation simply states that pressure of the same

li#uid at the same level is the same. This theory is applied onto a

simple device to measure the pressure distribution along the

venture tube. $onsider rst a simple device to measure the local

velocity in a %uid stream along the venture tube. &t the same level,

there are several narrow tubes inserted into the venture tube.

riction is negligible along the streamline through the venture tube,

so that the Bernoullis e#uation for the constant head, h(

=+=+

g

VP

g

V

g

P

''

'

''

'

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constant

This e#uation also states that the pressure head, elevation head and

velocity head are constant along the venture tube. The friction along

the tube is negligible.

&llowance for friction losses and conversion of the pressure, )and

)!into static pressure heads, hand h!yields(

fhg

Vh

g

Vh ++=+

''

'

'

'

'

1

1


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*here, )+ pressure at crosssection, &

h+ pressure head at crosssection, &

-+ %ow velocity at crosssection, &

)!+ pressure at crosssection, &!

h!+ pressure head at crosssection, &!

-!+ %ow velocity at crosssection, &!

+ density of medium

hf+ pressure loss head

igure $onditions in venturi tube with measurement

points

igure ! /ass %ow conditions in venturi tube

The mass %ow is constant in closed systems( m1=m2

0iven, m=V


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V1=V

2

V1=V

2

0iven, - + & 1 w

A1

V1=A

2V

2=constant

or dynamic pressure head(

hdyn=htothstat

igure 2 3eropoint di4erence of 56mm between the pressures

gauges

7f there is a 8eropoint di4erence of 56mm between the

pressures gauges, 56mm must be subtracted(

hdyn=htothstat

The velocity, *meanswas calculated from the dynamic pressure(


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4' dynmea ghV =

3.0 APPARATUS

i. 9/:6.6; Bernoullis Theorem ingle water pressure gauge

c.


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igure = 9/:6.6; Bernoullis theorem demonstration

igure :


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Table $ross >ection &rea

Pint5 i A5 6mm'7 A5 61&%*m'7

338.6 3.386

! 233.5 2.335

2 84.60 0.8460

= 170.2 1.702

: 255.2 2.552

338.6 3.386

4.0 PROCEDURES

. )erform a #uicD inspection to ensure that the unit is in proper

operating condition.

!. /aDe a hose connection and connect the unit to the nearest

power supply.

2. ?pen the discharge pipe.

=. >et the cap nut @A of probe compression gland such that the

slight resistance is felt on moving probe.

:. ?pen inlet and outlet valves.

. >witch on pump and slowly open main cocD.

;. ?pen vent valves @!A on water pressure gauge and carefully

close outlet cocD until pressure gauges are %ushed.

5. By simultaneously setting inlet and outlet cocD, regulate water

level in pressure gauges such that neither upper nor lower

range limit @EF, FFA is overshot or undershot.

G. Hecord pressures at all measurement points. Then, move

overall pressure probe to corresponding measurement level


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and note down overall pressure.

6.


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iA >et

6 ! 2 = : ;

6

:66

666

:66

!666

Flow !"lo#$%& '() *"+,-, ."/,-+"."0% 1o$0%,

*calc.

*means

2"/,-+"."0% 1o$0%,

Flow !"lo#$%&3(

>et !

6 ! 2 = : ;

6

:66

666

:66

!666

Flow !"lo#$%& '() !"+,-, ."/,-+"."0% 1o$0%,

*calc

*means

2"/-+"."0% 1o$0%,

Flow !"lo#$%&3 (


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iiA >et

6 ! 2 = : ;

6

:6

66

:6

!66

!:6

266

2:6

P+",,-+" $,%$-%$o !"+,-, ",-+""% o$%,

9total

9static


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6.0 DISCUSSION

The objectives of this experiment is to investigate the validity of the

Bernoulli e#uation when applied to the steady %ow of water in atapered duct and to measure the %owrates and both static and total

pressure heads in a rigid convergent and divergent tube of Dnown

geometry for a range of steady %ow rates. This experiment is

based on the Bernoullis principle which relates between velocities

with the pressure for an inviscid %ow. or

both set and !, the *means is more than the * calc. The diagram

demonstrates that at point !, the speed increments somewhat.

Between point ! and point 2, there is a huge change in the speed.

rom point 2 to point =, the speed diminishes massively. rom point

= to point : and point , the speed diminishes marginally. rom this

example of stream speed, it is reali8ed that the outcome is because

of the blunder happened amid the analysis. Both

the set and set ! appear to be having the same example of weight

appropriation in which the static weight is con%icting whereby it

increments till point 2 then begins to diminishing till point . or the

dynamic weight, it join upwards at point 2 while downwards for

static weight.

7.0 CONCLUSION

rom this experiment we found out that %uid %owing under

hori8ontal streamline will folows the bernoullis principle where

when the speed of %iud increase, the pressure of the %uid will

decrease. & venturi tube can be used for %ow rate measurements.

7n comparison with orice or no88le, there is afar more smaller

pressure loss durning measurement of %ow rate. The pressure lossbetween largest and smallest diametter of the tube is used as

measure for the %ow rate. The mistaDes happened during the

experiment denitely a4ects the result. The blunder found was the

blocDage of pitot tube, this erro can be adjusted by cleaning the

pitot tube utili8ing an in number and sharp stricD. The outlet is too

low because of this bocDage.

8.0 E!EE"CE#


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1.luid mechanics and hydraulic machines

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Chemical Engineering Laboratory 2 John Loro