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MELTING POINT &BOILING POINT

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ATOMIC RADII

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IONIC RADIUS

0.60 0.31

0.95 0.65

1.33 0.99

1.48 1.13

1.69 1.35

1.71 1.40 1.36

0.50 1.84 1.81

0.62 1.98 1.85

0.81 2.21 2.16

0.95

1 2 3 5 6 7

= 1 Angstrom

Li+ Be2+

Na+ Mg2+

K+

Rb+

Cs+

Cl-

N3- O2- F-

S2-

Se2- Br-

Te2- I-

Al3+

Ga3+

In3+

Tl3+

Ca2+

Sr2+

Ba2+

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Phase change

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Mana yang susunan atomnya lebih

rapat?

A B

Mana titik didihnya lebih tinggi?

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IONIZATION ENERGY &ELECTRON AFFINITY

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Ionization Energy

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Definisi ionization energy

Ionization energy : minimum energy required

to remove the highest energy electronfrom an

isolated gaseous atom or ion in its ground

state Energi ionisasi adalah energi minimum yan

diperlukan untuk melepaskan elektro dengan

energi tertinggi dari atom atau ion pada

keadaan dasar.

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Ionization energy

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Electron affinity

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Definition electron affinity

Electron affinity is the energy change for the

process of adding an electron to an isolated

gaseous atom or ion.

Afinitas elektron adalah perubahan energyyang digunakan pada proses penambahan

atau penangkapan satu elektron oleh atom

atau ion pada wujud gas dan terisolasi.

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Electron affinity

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Jadi, elektronegaivitas adalah

kemampuan ..............

NAMA UNSUR

HARGA

ELEKTRONEGATIVIT

AS

H 2,20

Cl 3,16

Persebaran awan elektron molekul HCl

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Definisi electronegativity

Eletronegativity is the relative ability of an

atom to attract toward itself the electrons in a

chemical bond.

Elektronegativitas adalah kemampuan relativesebuah atom untuk menarik elektron ke

arahnya dalam suatu ikatan kimia.

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Kecenderungan

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: electron : nucleus

: attraction

: repulsion

electron added

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SIFAT KIMIA UNSUR

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REAKSI DENGAN Cl- REAKSI DENGAN O2- REAKSI DENGAN OH-

ALKALI ALKALI

TANAH

ALKALI ALKALI

TANAH

ALKALI ALKALI

TANAH

LiCl BeCl2 Li2O BeO LiOH Be(OH)2

NaCl MgCl2 Na2O MgO NaOH Mg(OH)2

KCl CaCl2 K2O CaO KOH Ca(OH)2

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JARI-JARI ATOM

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Table 1.1 The value of effective nuclear charge (Zeff) of atoms

in second period for shielding the outer electrons

Atom Z S Zeff

Li

Be

B

C

N

OF

Ne

3

4

5

6

7

89

10

Close to 2

Close to 2

Close to 2

Close to 2

Close to 2

Close to 2Close to 2

Close to 2

Close to +1

Close to +2

Close to + 3

Close to + 4

Close to + 5

Close to + 6Close to + 7

Close to + 8

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Table 1.2 The number of electron and

proton of isoelectron ions

Ion Number of

electron

Electron

configuration

Number of

proton

Na+

Mg2+

Al3+

C4

N3

O2

F

10

10

10

10

1010

10

2, 8

2, 8

2, 8

2, 8

2, 82, 8

2, 8

11

12

13

6

78

9

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Li152

Na+

95

K+

133

Cs+

169

Rb+

148

Be2+

31

Mg2+

65

Ca2+

99

Sr2+

113

Ba2+

135

1 (IA) 2 (IIA)

Na186

K227

Cs

265

Rb248

Mg160

Ca197

Sr215

Ba

222

Be112

Li+

60

The radius

of cation is

alwayssmaller than

that of its

atom.

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