Chemical oceanography

OLR (1990) 37 (I) 25

approached 72% for the NGM in the range of 0-24 h with a false alarm rate of 17%. In the range of 36-60 h, the values for the AVN forecasts were 42% and 30%. When the automated analyses were used for verification, forecast performance was somewhat better. The accuracy of the checklist forecasts was

comparable to that of the AVN forecasts but not as good as that of the NGM predictions, in the small sample available for comparison. Uncertainty in initial analysis is a major factor limiting present accuracy, especially at short range. 9 Flint Street, Marblehead, MA 01945, USA.

C. CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

C10. Apparatus and methods

90:0155 Fox, D.L. et al., 1989. [Analytical Chemistry]:

application reviews [1989 I. Analyt. Chem., 61(12):304pp; 16 papers.

Analytical applications are reviewed for 16 cate- gories of media or materials. Topics include air pollution, geological and inorganic materials, particle size analysis, pesticides, petroleum, and water analysis. (gsb)

90:0156 MacCarthy, P., R.W. Klusman and J.A. Rice, 1989.

Water analysis. [1989 review.] Analyt. Chem, 61(12):269R-304R.

The literature on inorganic and organic chemical analysis of water is reviewed based on a computer search of Chemical Abstracts for the period October 1986-December 1988. The text contains sections on the analysis of individual elements, atomic groups, compounds, and groups of compounds. Dept. of Chem. and Geochem., Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA. (gsb)

90:0157 Pelzer, J., F. Scholz, G. Henrion and P. Hcininger,

1989. A reliable and ultraseusitive voitammetde method for the determination of molybdenum [in aquatic media]. Z. analyt. Chem~ 334(4):331-334. Scholz: Wissenschaftsber. Analyt., llumboldt Univ. Berlin, Hessische Sir. 1-2, DDR-Berlin 1040, DRG.

90:0158 Quirke, J.M.E. (ed.), 1989. Selected papers from the

symposium on organic geochemistry: techniques

and applications. 194th ACS national meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, 30 August-4 Septem- ber 1987. Org. Geochem, 14(2):119-232; 12 papers.

The emphasis in this collection is on petroleum- related analyses. Methods used include NMR; inverse chromatography (HPLC and GC); ionization and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry; laser photodissociation; ion trap detection; and hyphenated methods. Many of the papers deal with porphyrin characterization. (gsb)

90:0159 Suyani, Hamzar, John Creed, Tim Davidson and

Joseph Caruso, 1989. lnductlvely coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic emission spectrometry coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography for speciation and detection of organotin compounds. J. chromatog. Sci, 27(3): 139-143. Caruso: Dept. o f Chem., Univ. of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.

90:0160 Usami, Shiro et al., 1989. Chromatographic precon-

centration of copper in environmental and biological samples using 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyi)-l,3,5- triazine-tetraphenylborate-naphthalene adsor- bent. Mikrochim. Acta, I(5-6):263-270. Fae. of Engng, Toyama Univ., Toyama, Japan.

C40. Area studies, surveys

90:0161 Guiral, Daniel and Andr6 Ferhi~ 1989. Geochemical

and isotopic study of the Ebri6 Lagoon (C6te

26 C. Chemical Oceanography OLR (1990) 37 (I)

d'Ivoire). Oceanologica Acta, 12(I):47-55. (In French, English abstract.) Ctr. de Rech. Oceanogr., BP V 18, Abidjan, Ivory Coast.

C50. Seawater composition

90:0162 Zhou, Xianliang and P.J. Wangersky, 1989. Distri-

bution of copper-complexing organic iigands in western North Atlantic waters. Mar. EcoL-Prog. Ser, 53(3):285-291.

Organic materials able to complex ionic copper were extracted from seawater by a technique involving the saturation of complexing sites by the addition of excess ionic copper, followed by adsorption on a Sep-Pak C 18"column. Application of this technique to samples from the Scotian Shelf covering three seasons demonstrated a correlation between biological activity, particularly phytoplankton produc- tivity, and ligand production. The complexing sites were associated with the polar fraction of organic materials, as determined by compound class sepa- rations using the Chromarod-Iatroscan technique. Wangersky: Dept. of Oceanogr., Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, NS, B3II 4JI, Canada.

C80. Physical chemistry in seawater 90:0163

Diekson, A.G. and F.J. Millero, 1989. Corrigenda. A comparison of the equilibrium constants for the dissociation of carbonic acid in seawater media. Deep-Sea Res, 36(6A):p.983.

90:0164 Zhou, Xianliang and P.J. Wangersky, 1989. Changes

in copper-complexing organic ligands during spring blooms in the coastal waters of Nova Scotia, Canada. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser, 53(3): 277-284.

Copper-complexing organic ligands were produced by actively-growing phytoplankton during spring blooms in the Bedford Basin and the Northwest Arm, ttalifax, Nova Scotia. The naturally occurring ligands were qualitatively similar to those produced by phytoplankton grown in batch and continuous culture. The Bedford Basin bloom was interrupted by an extremely heavy rainfall, resulting in a large contribution of material, including organic ligands, from terrestrial sources. The ligand contributed from this source was qualitatively different from that produced in-situ by bloom organisms. Wangersky" Dept. of Oceanogr., Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, NS B3H 4JI, Canada.

CII0. Radioactivity, radioisotopes 90:0165

Iyengar, M.A.R., V. Kannan and K.N. Rao, 1989. ~Z*Ra/2URa ratios in coastal waters of Kalpakkam [S. India]. J. environ. RadioactiviO,, 9(2):163-180. Environ. Survey Lab., Bhabha Atom. Res. Ctr., Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu 603 102, India.

90:0166 Taguchi, Kazunori, Koh Harada and Shizuo

Tsunogai, 1989. Particulate removal of z-~Th and z3'Pa in the biologically productive northern North Pacific. Earth planet. Sci. Letts, 93(2):223- 232. Dept. of Chem., Hokkaido Univ., Hakodate 041, Japan.

C130. Organic compounds

90:0167 Alberts, J.J. and Z. Filip, 1989. Sources and char-

acteristics of fulvic and humic acids from a salt marsh estuary. Sci. total Environment, 81/82: 353-36 i.

Fulvic and humic acids were isolated from living and dead Spartina alterniflora and marsh sediments of a Georgia salt marsh estuary. These fulvic and humic acids are very similar regardless of source material. Both groups of compounds generally resemble marine humic matter, although specific differences can be identified. Calculations indicate that 28.6% of the fulvic acid carbon and 14.8% of the humic acid carbon can be accounted for as sugars and amino acids. Univ. of Georgia Mar. Inst., Sapelo Island, GA 31327, USA.

90:0168 Bhosle, N.B. and A.B. Wagh, 1989. Particulate

carbohydrates in the Arabian Sea. Oceanologica Acta, 12(1):57-63. Natl. Inst. of Oceanogr., Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India.

90:0169 Brown, J.W., 1988. Fractionation studies of aquatic

fatty acids from coastal and offshore marine environments of southern Florida. j . coast. Res~ 4(4):565-572.

The nature, quantity, and distribution of dissolved and particulate-adsorbed fatty acids in seawater were studied. The total fatty acid concentration increased in surface waters from offshore to terres- trially-influenced areas. The overall degree of lipid unsaturation did not vary significantly with this transition; however, major changes in this parameter and in fatty acid speciation were apparent within

OLR (1990) 37 (I) C. Chemica~ Oceanography 27

different lipid fractions. Unsaturated fatty acids in particuIate-adsorbed matter were found to frac- tionate primarily with neutral lipid, suggesting an abundance of triacylglycerols and/or wax esters, whereas unsaturated fatty acids in dissolved lipid were partitioned almost equally into polar and neutral fractions. Monounsaturates ranged between 0 and 10.8% of total fatty acid while polyunsaturated fatty acids were negligible in all seawater samples. Genl. Med. Res., V.A. Med. Ctr., Miami, FL 33125, USA.

90:0170 Daumas, Raoul et al., 1988. Organic matter in

seawater of an active hydrothermal site (East Pacific Rise, near 13~ Oceanologica Acta, (Spec. Voi.)8:31-43. (In French, English abstract.)

At the mouth of active chimneys and near animal communities, the Cot ~ and total N of particulate material are higher than the mean concentrations of deep water; combined amino acids are not similarly augmented, but fatty acids and hydrocarbons are higher in the vicinities of Alvinellinae and Pogo- nophora than in reference samples or near Ser- pulidae zones. In dissolved organic substances and particulate material, lipid concentrations are higher, but amino acid concentrations are close to those of deep water. Some possible explanations may be found in the insufficient sensitivity of methods used, the large organic material gradient near the vent or animal communities, and bacterial activities. Lab. de Microbiol. mar., CNRS, Campus de Luminy, case 907, 78, route Leon Lachamp, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France.

90:0171 Fengler, G., E.T.K. Haupt and G. Liebezcit, 1989.

Itumic substances in Hoiocene sediments of the Skagerrak (NE North Sea) and the Elbe River. Sci. total Environment, 81/82:335-342. Geol.- PalaontoL Inst., Bundesstr. 55, 2000 Hamburg 13, FRG.

90:0172 Gonzalez Prieto, S.J. et al., 1989. Humic substances

in a eatena of estuarine soils: distribution of organic nitrogen and carbon. Sci. total Environ- ment, 81/82:363-372.

This paper describes the organic fractions of a catena comprising two eutric fluvisols, one in the intertidal zone of an estuary and the other on its bank, and a distric cambisol not affected by seawater. All samples had little unhumified organic matter. Exposure to seawater changes the kind of organo-metallic complexes present, modifying the

degree of polymerization of the humus. The distribution of organic N also changes with exposure to seawater: ammonium content gradually rises, amide content remains practically constant and amino acids fall gradually; hexosamines, hydrolysable unknown N and hydrolysable organic N all decrease sharply. Inst. de Invest. Agrobiol. de Galicia (C.S.I.C.), Apartado 122, 15080 Santiago de Com- postela, Spain.

90:0173 Makinen, I. and E.-L. Poutanen, 1989. Analysis of

humie and lignin compounds in the northern Baltic Sea. Sci. total Environment, 81/82:329- 334.

The use of synchronous fluorescence spectra for distinguishing natural fluorescence from that caused by the organic discharges of lignin compounds in brackish water was investigated. An offset of 80 nm between excitation and emission wavelengths was most suitable for producing spectra with intensity maxima for lignin and humic compounds. Ca and Mg ion concentrations in brackish waters had only a slight effect on natural fluorescence. Water samples from areas with a load of natural organic matter, as well as water from areas affected by waste discharge from pulp mills were investigated. Results show areal differences in the concentration of humic and lignin compounds that depend on the origin and nature of the organic matter. Natl. Board of Waters and the Environ., P.O. Box 250, SF-00101 Helsinki, Finland.

90:0174 Michaelis, W., H.H. Richnow and A. Jenisch, 1989.

Structural studies of marine and riverine humic matter by chemical degradation. Set. total Envi- ronment, 81/82:41-50.

Selective chemical degradations of humic substances with non-oxidative reagents have revealed high amounts of low-molecular weight soluble material. Integral parts of biopolymers can be traced as building blocks of humic substances. Degradations performed with deuterium instead of hydrogen demonstrate characteristic deuterium incorporation into the degradation products. Bonding sites by which the biological precursor compounds are attached to the humic substance matrix can be determined. Geol.-Palaontol. Inst. und Museum, Univ. Hamburg, Bundesstr. 55, D-2000 Hamburg 13, FRG.

90:0175 Puigbo, A. et al., 1989. PY-GC-MS analysis of

organic matter in suspended material and deposits of the submarine delta of the Rhone River (France). Sci. total Environment, 81/82:71-80.

28 C. Chemical Oceanography OLR (1990) 37 (I)

Dept. Quimica Analitica, CETS Inst. Quimic de Sarria, 08017 Barcelona, Spain.

90:0176 Raspor, B., 1989. Adsorption of humlc substances

from seawater at differently charged surfaces. Sci. total Environment, 81/82:319-328.

The elimination of humic substances (HS) by adsorption to charged and neutral surfaces from seawater was electrochemically measured at an electrode surface charge which was deliberately adjusted and controlled to positive, zero and nega- tive values. Under constant physico-chemical conditions, the strength of IIS adsorption (four humic acids [HA] and one fulvic acid) from seawater at the positively charged electrode surface have been related to the aromatic carbon content of I lA which represents a measure of the contribution of alloch- thonous substances to HA of marine origin. Ctr. for Mar. Res., Zagreb, Rudjer Boskovic Inst., P.O. Box 1016, 41001 Zagreb, Croatia, Yugoslavia.

90:0177 S~iz-Jimenez, C., R.A. Rosell and J. Albaig6s (eds.),

1989. Special issue. Advances in humic substances research. Papers from the Fourth International Meeting, International Humie Substances So- ciety, Iluelva, Spain, 3-7 October 1988. Sci. total Environment, 81/82:723pp; 77 papers.

Fifteen papers are presented under the heading of Methods and Techniques in Humus Chemistry. These deal with the preservation, isolation, and characterization of humic materials; NMR-related studies (7 papers) are grouped separately. The next section (6 papers) addresses the problem created by the presence of humic substances in water supplies treated with chlorine. Twelve papers are included on aquatic and sedimentary humie substances, six of which relate to marine or estuarine environments. The other topic areas are soil humic substances (15 papers), composted materials (7 papers), and reactivity and biological effects of humic substances (15 papers). The latter includes studies on the effects of humus on algal metal uptake and on the bioavail- ability of AI and benzopyrene. (gsb)

C140. Nutrients

90:0178 DeLaune, R.D., T.C. Feijtel and W.H. Patrick Jr.,

1989. Nitrogen flows in Louisiana Gulf Coast salt marsh: spatial considerations. Biogeochem, 8(1): 25-37. Lab. for Wetland Soils and Sediments, Ctr. for Wetland Resources, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.

90:0179 Kristiansen, S. and E. Paasche, 1989. An improved

method for determining relative ISN abundance in ammonium regeneration studies by direct diffusion. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser~ 54(1-2):203-207.

Ammonium in micromole quantities may be con- centrated directly, with a 65% yield, from 250 mL seawater into 10 laL 0.25 N sulphuric acid by diffusion for 6 h if the samples are heated and agitated. This makes it possible to measure ammonium regeneration in water containing heterotrophie mieroplankton b y means of tSN with a minimum expenditure of time, labour, and hazardous chemicals, and a greatly diminished risk of contamination. A recommended diffusion procedure is described, together with tests for reproducibility, recovery, and interference. Results of trials with a mixed alga- rotifer culture and a marine plankton sample are described. Dept. of Biol., Univ. of Oslo, P.O. Box 1069, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo 3, Norway.

i

90:0180 Migon, Christophe et al., 1989. Atmospheric input of

nutrients to the coastal Mediterranean area: blogeochemicai implications. Oceanologica Acta, 12(2):187-191. (In French, English abstract.)

The input of nitrates, ammonium and phosphates by rainfall to the Mediterranean was measured over a period of two years. Concentrations of these nutrients in precipitation events appear to be very variable and values are generally higher in brief episodes. Nevertheless, there is little temporal var- iability of the associated inputs, within a month as well as within a year. Inorganic N fluxes during 1986 and 1987 are fairly similar while rainfall is very different, comparable with fluxes observed by Loye-Pilot et al. (1988) at the Bavella Pass, in southern Corsica, where rainfall was heavier. These results enabled us to estimate wet atmospheric input of N and P into the Mediterranean basin. Lab. de Thermodyn. Exper., Univ. de Nice, Pare Valrose, 06034 Nice Cedex, France.

90:0181 Prat, N. et al., 1988. Seasonal changes in particulate

organic carbon and nitrogen in the river and drainage channels of the Ebro Delta (N.E. Spain). Verh. int. Vet. Limnol~ 23(3):1344-1349. Dept. Ecologia, Univ. Barcelona, Diagonal 645, Bar- celona, Spain.

90:0182 Saad, M.A.It. and M.M. Kandeel, 1988. Oceano-

graphic investigations on the Red Sea waters in front of AI-Ghardaqa. II. Nutrients. Vie Milieu, 38(!):59-66. Oceanogr. Dept., Alexandria Univ., Moharem Bey, Alexandria, Egypt.

OLR (1990) 37 (I) C. Chemical Oceanography 29

C150. Particulate matter

90:0183 Buat-M~nard, P. et al., 1989. Non-steady-state

biological removal of atmospheric particles from Mediterranean surface waters. Nature, Lond, 340(6229): 13 I- 134.

We report data from time-series measurements of both atmospheric inputs and water-column particulate fluxes at 200 m depth obtained from sediment traps, which show that a biological control prevails in northwestern Mediterranean waters. On short time-scales, concentrations and fluxes in the upper water column can increase significantly following dust transport and deposition events, with a response time of the order of one week. Such non-steady-state behaviour must be taken into account when assess- ing the impact of pulsed atmospheric inputs on particulate trace element concentrations and fluxes in the water column. Ctr. des Faibles Radioact., Lab. Mixte CNRS-CEA, F-91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France.

90:0184 Curran, P.J. and E.M.M. Novo, 1988. The rela-

tionship between suspended sediment concentration and remotely sensed spectral radiance: a review. J. coast. Res, 4(3):351-368.

Traditionally, suspended sediment concentration (SSC) has been measured by time-consuming and costly boat surveys which allow accurate meas- urement for single points in space and time. The key to the success of remote sensing of SSC is the strong positive relationship between SSC and remotely sensed spectral radiance. This review provides an introduction to this relationship, exploring its physical basis, its robustness under a range of environmental conditions and its utility as a tool for estimation. Dept. of Geogr., Univ. of Sheffield, SI0 2TN, England.

90:0185 Shanks, A.L. and E.W.-Edmondson, 1989. Labo-

ratory-made artificial marine snow: a biological model of the real thing. Mar. Biol, 101(4):463- 470.

Cylindrical tanks of unfiltered seawater were rotated on a roller table until the particles in the seawater formed aggregates resembling marine snow. During the summer of 1987 comparisons were made between marine snow in field samples from two coastal sites on seven separate dates, and aggregates formed in the laboratory in seawater samples taken on the same dates. Laboratory-prepared aggregates had a significantly greater short axis, and significantly larger calculated volume than field aggregates.

Particulate compositions of field aggregates were paralleled by similar changes in the laboratory product. Dry weights indicated no significant differences in calculated densities or porosities of marine snow formed in the field and in the laboratory. Inst. of Mar. Sci., Univ. of North Carolina, 3407 Arendell St., Morehead City, NC 28557, USA.

C180. Geochemistry, biogeochemistry (see also D-SUBMARINE GEOLOGY AND GEO- PHYSICS)

90:0186 Elder, J.F., 1989. Metal blogeochemistry in surface-

water systems---a review of principles and concepts. Circ. U.S. geol. Surv~ 1013:43pp.

A conceptual synthesis (rather than an exhaustive bibliography) of aquatic trace metal studies is presented, with an emphasis on North American freshwater systems (sources, occurrence, partition- ing, transport, and biological interactions). Ref- erence is made to marine and estuarine studies only when they shed l i g h t on the general concepts applicable to freshwater systems. The metals of primary interest here are A1, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Hg, Ni, and Zn. (gsb)

90:0187 Fuller, C.C. and J.A. Davis, 1989. Influence of

coupling of sorption and photosynthetic processes on trace element cycles in natural waters. Nature, Lond, 340(6228):52-54.

We have studied the effect of diurnal cycling of pH on dissolved arsenate in a perennial stream con- taminated with arsenic. As expected, a diurnal cycle in arsenate concentration was observed, but sur- prisingly, the arsenate cycle lags several hours behind the pH cycle. Laboratory experiments show that the lag results from a slow approach to sorption equilibrium. Our observations demonstrate that the coupling of photosynthesis and sorption processes may have an important influence on the cycling of many trace elements and emphasize the importance of understanding sorption kinetics in modelling these processes. Water Resources Div., USGS, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.

90:0188 Gibson, G.R., R.J. Parkes and R.A. Herbert, 1989.

Biological availability and turnover rate of acetate in marine and estuarine sediments in relation to dissimilatory sulphate reduction. FEMS Micro- biol. Ecol., 62(5):303-306. MRC Dunn Clinical Nutrition Ctr., 100 Tennis Court Rd., Cam- bridge, CB2 IQl, UK.

30 c. Chemical Oceanography OLR (1990) 37 (I)

90:0189 Gibson, J.A.E., R.C. Garrick, II.R. Burton and A.R.

McTaggart, 1988. Dimethylsulfide concentrations in the ocean close to the Antarctic continent. Geomicrobiol. Jr 6(374): 179-184.

During a Phaeocystispouchetii bloom, DMS levels in seawater at 68~ ~ 77~ were higher than any yet published (up to 290 nM). Concentrations of DMSP (a precursor compound) were also high, exceeding those of DMS for most of the year. DMS concentrations were correlated with P. pouchetff cell numbers. The results suggest that Antarctic waters may be an important source of atmospheric sulfur. Burton: Australian Antarctic Div., Channel Hwy., Kingston, Tas. 7050, Australia. (gsb)

90:0190 Lewis, W.M. Jr. and J.F. Saunders Ill, 1989.

Concentration and transport of dissolved and suspended substances in the Orinoco River [Venezuela]. Biogeochem~ 7(3):203-240.

The Orinoco River (the world's third largest non- tributary river by discharge), which is hydrologically unregulated and has a minimally disturbed watershed, was sampled quantitatively over a four-year interval. A method was also developed for quan- tifying statistical uncertainty in the estimates of annual transport. The total annual transport cor- responds to 90 • 106 t/y, of which 96% is inorganic. For most variables, relationships between transport and discharge arc described adequately by a power function. Because of high run-off per unit area, the Orinoco drainage has a high specific transport of organic carbon 0.6% of global river transport), even though the concentrations of organic carbon in the river are not exceptionally high. The high total N transport (1.5% of global transpor 0 can be sustained only by high rates of nitrogen fixation within the watershed. Biological modification of nutrient and carbon fractions during main stem transit are minimal. Dept. of Environ., Population and Organ- ismic Biol., Campus Box 334, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA. (gsb)

90:0191 Lucotte, Marc and Bruno d'Anglejan, 1988. Sea-

sonal changes in the phosphorus-iron geochem- islry of the St. Lawrence Estuary. J. coast. Res~ 4(3):339-349. Inst. of Oceanogr., McGiU Univ., 3620 rue Univ., Montreal, PQ H3A 2B2, Can- ada.

90:0192 Marty, D. et al., 1988. Mineralization of organic

malerial in coastal eutrophic ecosystems according to available terminal electron acceptors. Prog.

Oceanogr, 21(2): 167-176.

This study examines competitive interactions between different anaerobic microbial communities (nitrate reducing bacteria, sulphate reducing bacteria and methanogenic bacteria) and their relative contribution to carbon mineralization and nutrient cycling in a temperate eutrophic lagoon, the Etang de Berre, southern France. Microbiol. Mar., 70 route Leon Laehamp, F-13288 Marseille cedex 9, France.

90:0193 Masuzawa, Toshiyuki and Mutsuo Koyama, 1989.

Settling panicles with positive Ce anomalies from the Japan Sea. Geophys. Bes. Letts, 16(6):503- 506.

Rare earth element patterns of settling particles collected at five water depths (890 to 3,240 m) of the Japan Sea show significant positive Ce anomalies. The surface sediment exhibits a slightly positive one. Excess Ce content over the Ce/La ratio of average shale increases with increasing excess Mn content from 890 to 1,870 m, and possibly remains constant below this depth. These results give evidence for the removal of Ce in association with the removal of Mn from seawater by settling particles. Water Research Inst., Nagoya Univ., Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-01, Japan.

90:0194 Middelburg, J.J., 1989. A simple rate model for

organic matter decomposition in marine sediments. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta, 53(7): 1577- 1581.

A model is presented for the decomposition of organic matter in marine sediments. In this model the first-order rate parameters (k) gradually decrease with time (t) according to log k = -0.95 log t-0.81. This equation is valid over eight orders of magnitude and is based on organic carbon vs. depth profiles of well-dated cores and laboratory experiments. The predicted continuous decrease in the reactivity of organic matter is consistent with models and measurements of sulfate reduction. Although all organic carbon vs. depth profiles follow the same reactivity decrease with time, their reactivity at the sediment- water interface is different. Dept. of Geochem., Univ. of Utrecht, P.O. Box 80.021, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands.

90:0195 Roman, C.T. and F.C. Daiber, 1989. Organic carbon

flux through a Delaware Bay salt marsh: tidal exchange, particle size distribution, and storms. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser, 54(1-2): 149-156.

Based on hourly samples over three consecutive tidal

OLR (t990) 37 (I) C. Chemical Oceanography 31

cycles, mean ebb tide concentrations of POC were higher than flood tide concentrations except in January when the marsh surface and creeks were frozen. Mean ebb tide DOC concentrations were greater than flood during all seasons, but the difference was only significant in August and January. The relative degree of marsh surface flooding, current velocity and phytoplankton concentration are important factors influencing seasonal differences in mean flood and ebb POC concentrations. Narragansett Bay Project, 291 Promenade St., Providence, RI 02908, USA.

90:0196 Tr6guer, Paul et al., 1989. Kinetics of dissolution of

Antarctic diatom frustules and the biogeochemical cycle of silicon in the Southern Ocean. Polar Biol, 9(6):397-403.

Dissolution of silica frustules was studied for seven natural assemblages of diatoms collected in the Indian sector, and two typical Antarctic diatoms (Nitzschia cylindrus and Chaetoceros deflandreO. The frustules trapped by fecal pellets and gelatinous aggregates, and rapidly transported through Cir- cumpolar Current waters, reach the sea bottom without losing much silica (<10%). A model based on Stokes' law supports the ideas that the cycle of siliceous particles with radii <~2 /tin is completely achieved in the surface layer and that although the biogenic silica of large unaggregated particles may reach the sea bottom without complete dissolution, the main explanation for the accumulation of biogenic silica on Antarctic abysses remains transport by fecal pellets and gelatinous aggregates. Lab. de Chimie des Ecosyst. Marins, Univ. de Bretagne Occidentale, F-29287 Brest Cedex, France.

C 2 1 0 , P o l l u t i o n (see also B350-Atmospheric pollution, Cl l0-Radioact iv i ty , radioisotopes, E300-Effects of pollution, F250- Waste disposal)

90:0197 Bacci, Eros and Carlo Gaggi, 1989. Baseline.

Organotin compounds in harbour and marina waters from the northern Tyrrhenian Sea. Mar. Pollut. Bull~ 20(6):290-292. Dipart. di Biol. Ambientale, Univ. di Siena, Via delle Cerchia 3, 53100 Siena, Italy.

90:0198 Bianchi, Alexander, M.S. Varney and John Phillips,

1989. Modified analytical technique for the determination of trace organics in water using

dynamic headspace and gas chromatography- mass spectrometry. J. Chromatog~ 467(1): 111- 128. Exxon Chem. Co., Dept. of Environ. Affairs, Fawley, Southampton, UK.

90:0199 Colombo, J.C. et al., 1989. Determination of hydro-

carbon sources using n-alkane and polyaromatic hydrocarbon distribution indexes. Case study: Rio de La Plata Estuary, Argentina. Environ. Sci. Technol~ 23(7):888-894. Dept. d'Oceanogr., Univ. du Quebec, Av. des Ursulines, Rimouski, PQ, G5L 3AI, Canada.

90:0200 Hinckley, D.A. and T.F. Bidleman, 1989. Analysis of

pesticides in seawater after enrichment onto C s bonded-phase cartridges. Environ. Sci. Technol, 23(8):995-1000.

A prcconcentration procedure suitable for pesticide detection at the level that is found in fish-kill situations is tested and applied to a tidal creek where a shrimp-kill had occurred, and also to Arctic Ocean surface water and snow. The procedure involves filtering followed by tandem 500 mg Cfbonded silica cartridges extracted with diethyl ether-hexane. Analysis was by capillary GC. The method was tested with distilled, river, and sea-water, and recoveries for a number of organochlorine, organo- phosphate, and pyrethroid insecticides at 7-110 ng/L were 85-120%. Bidleman: Belle W. Baruch Inst. for Mar. Biol. and Coastal Res., Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. (gsb)

90:0201 Makkar, N.S., A.T. Kronick and J.J. Cooney, 1989.

Butyltins in sediments from Boston Harbor, USA. Chemosphere, 18(9-10):2003-2050. Environ. Sci. Prog., Univ. of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA.

90:0202 MUller, M.D., Lars Renberg and Gerd Rippen, 1989.

Tributyltin in the environment---sources, fate and determination, an assessment of present status and research needs. Chemosphere, 18(9- 10):2015-2002.

The toxicity of TBT toward aquatic organisms is well documented, and its degradation slow, but there is a lack of data on TBT levels in most of the environment. TBT accumulates in sewage sludge, indicating sources other than antifouling paints, but

32 OLR (1990) 37 (I)

research is needed on the fate of TBT in sewage treatment plants, and on the impact of TBT released from sewage sludge and dredged sediments. Swiss Fed. Res. Sta. Wadenswil, CH-8820 Wadenswil, Switzerland.

90:0203 Norwood, C.B. et al., 1989. Polychlorinated dihenzo-

p-dioxins and dibenzofuraus in selected estuarine sediments. Chemosphere, 18(I-6):553-560. U.S. EPA Environ. Res. Lab., South Ferry Rd., Narragansett, RI 02882, USA.

90:0204 Rogers, H.R., B. Crathorne and T.M. Leatherland,

1989. Occurrence of chlorobenzene isomers in the water column of a UK estuary. Mar. Pollut. Bull, 20(6):276-281. WRc Medmenham, P.O. Box 16, Henley Rd., Medmenham, Marlow, Bucks. SL7 21ID, UK.

90:0205 Schrap, S.M. and Antoon Opperhuizen, 1989. Quan-

tifying the sorption of organic chemicals on .sediments. Chemosphere, 18(9-10):1883-1893.

The hypothesis that nonpolar chemicals sorb in a constant ratio, independent of the sediment composition, is investigated. The use of a reference compound (chlorobenzene) to quantify the sorption of nonpolar organic chemicals is proposed. Opper- huizen: Dept. of Basic Vet. Sci., Environ. Toxicol. Section, Univ. Utrecht, P.O. Box 80176, 3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands.

90:0206 Subramanian, V., AI. Ramanathan and P. Vaithy-

anathan, 1989. Baseline. Distribution and fractionation of heavy metals in the Cauvery Estuary, India. Afar. Pollut. Bull~ 20(6):286-290. Sch. of Environ. Sci., Jawaharlal Nehru Univ., New Delhi 110 067, India.

D. SUBMARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS

D10. Apparatus and methods

90:0207 Biondi, B.L. and Clement Kostov, 1989. lligh-

resolution velocity spectra using eigenstructure methods. Geophysics, 54(7):832-842. Geophys. Dept., Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA 94305-2215, USA.

90:0208 Edwards, L.E., 1989. Supplemented graphic corre-

lation: a powerful tool for paleontologists and nonpaleontolngists. Palaios, 4(2): 127-143.

Supplemented graphic correlation expands the orig- inal technique of Shaw (1964) to include nonunique events (log patterns) to add to the understanding of the geologic history of an area. Dinocyst and acritarch occurrence data and single-point resistance electric logs from three Paleocene to Eocene cores in the Virginia Coastal Plain illustrate the method. Possible correlations are tested and refined during the graphic procedure, and multiple lines of evidence are used to produce geologically reasonable and

informative results. USGS, 970 Natl. Cir., Reston, VA 22092, USA.

90:0209 Esmersoy, Cengiz and Douglas Miller, 1989. Back-

projection versus backpropagation in multidi- mensional l inearized inversion. Geophysics, 54(7):921-926. Schlumberger-Doll Res., Old Quarry Rd., Ridgefield, CT 06877-4108, USA.

90:0210 Govindaraju, K. (editor, Geostandards Newsletter),

1989. 1989 Compilation of working values and sample description for 272 geostandards. Geo- standards Newsl, 13(Spec. issue):! 13pp.

Working values are reported for 272 international geostandards along with sample description. For many geostandards, the data compiled were not adequate for assigning working values. Users of geostandards are solicited to contribute more data, particularly on trace elements. CNRS, Ctr. de Rcch. Petrograph. et Geochim., B.P. 20, 54501 Vandeouvre les Nancy Cedex, France.

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Chemical oceanography