Chemical PropertiesChemical PropertiesOrganic CompoundsOrganic Compounds

Acids, Bases, and Acids, Bases, and SaltsSalts

Chapter 15 (2, 3 and 4)Chapter 15 (2, 3 and 4)

Chapter 2 (3)Chapter 2 (3)

Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties

Based on matter’s ability to changeBased on matter’s ability to change

Flammability or combustibility is the ability Flammability or combustibility is the ability to burnto burn

Reactivity is the ability of a matter to react Reactivity is the ability of a matter to react and combined to form a new substance.and combined to form a new substance.

Chemical ChangeChemical ChangeWhen two or more substances combine to When two or more substances combine to form a new substance with different form a new substance with different chemical and physical propertieschemical and physical properties

Signs of Chemical ChangeSigns of Chemical Change

Color Change Color Change

Gas FormationGas Formation

Change in temperatureChange in temperature

Precipitate Formation Precipitate Formation

Compound ClassificationCompound Classification

Compounds can be classified into groups Compounds can be classified into groups based on their physical and chemical based on their physical and chemical propertiesproperties

Organic compounds contain carbon.Organic compounds contain carbon.

Organic CompoundsOrganic Compounds

Carbon based moleculesCarbon based molecules

Carbon and hydrogen containing Carbon and hydrogen containing compounds are called hydrocarbonscompounds are called hydrocarbons

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteinsCarbohydrates, lipids, proteins

Nucleic acids in DNA: create the blueprint Nucleic acids in DNA: create the blueprint of lifeof life

Compound ClassificationCompound ClassificationWhat makes a compound an acid?What makes a compound an acid?

-compound contains at least one hydrogen atom that can -compound contains at least one hydrogen atom that can be removed when in water be removed when in water

HCl HCl ++ H H22O H+ O H+ ++ Cl- Cl-

What makes a compound a base?What makes a compound a base? -forms hydroxide ions in water OH--forms hydroxide ions in water OH- NaOH NaOH + + H H22O Na+ O Na+ ++ OH- OH-

AcidsAcidsProduce hydrogen ions in a water Produce hydrogen ions in a water solutionsolution

Hydrogen ions react with water to form Hydrogen ions react with water to form hydronium ions, Hhydronium ions, H33O+O+

All acids taste sourAll acids taste sour

Strong acids are good electrolytes,Strong acids are good electrolytes,

corrosive, and burn skincorrosive, and burn skin

Acids turn litmus Acids turn litmus

paper paper RED RED andand

phenolphthaleinphenolphthalein

Common AcidsCommon Acids

BasesBasesBases produce OH- ions in a water Bases produce OH- ions in a water solutionsolutionProduce hydroxide ions by loosing a Produce hydroxide ions by loosing a hydrogen atomhydrogen atomFeel slippery and have a bitter tasteFeel slippery and have a bitter tasteStrong bases are good electrolytes, Strong bases are good electrolytes, corrosive, and burn skincorrosive, and burn skinDissolve fat and oils (emulsify)Dissolve fat and oils (emulsify)Bases turn litmus paper Bases turn litmus paper blueblue and and phenolphthalein phenolphthalein bright pinkbright pink

Common BasesCommon Bases

IndicatorsIndicators ph paper turns colors ph paper turns colors due to how acidic or due to how acidic or basic a compound isbasic a compound is

Phenolphthalein Phenolphthalein remains colorless remains colorless (acids) to bright pink (acids) to bright pink (bases)(bases)

And now you know…….And now you know…….What makes you What makes you puckerpucker

What makes you say What makes you say yuck!yuck!

NeutralizationNeutralizationThe reaction between an acid and a base The reaction between an acid and a base forming a salt and waterforming a salt and water

Acid Acid ++ Base Salt Base Salt ++ Water Water

HCl HCl ++ NaOH NaCl NaOH NaCl ++ H H22OO

SaltsSaltsSalts are necessary Salts are necessary for life processesfor life processes

They are used in They are used in manufacture of paint, manufacture of paint, rubber, glass, soap, rubber, glass, soap, detergents, and dry detergents, and dry cell batteriescell batteries

ph scaleph scaleph means potential of ph means potential of hydrogenhydrogenUsed to measure the Used to measure the acidity level of an acidacidity level of an acidRanges from 0-14, Ranges from 0-14, lower number are lower number are acids and higher acids and higher numbers are basesnumbers are basesThe middle 7 is The middle 7 is neutral, waterneutral, water

Acid Poem"My brother was a chemist, He isn't anymore,What he thought was H2O,

Was H2SO4."

And if you are not excited yet….And if you are not excited yet….

The grand finaleThe grand finale

A pile of saltA pile of salt