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Chemical Reactor Engineering I
Youn-Woo Lee School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
Seoul National University 155-741, 1 Gwanangro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea [email protected] http://sfpl.snu.ac.kr
Lecture #1
Syllabus 반응공학
Youn-Woo Lee School of Chemical & Biological Eng.
Seoul National University
교과목명 반응공학1 개설학부 화학생물공학부 교과목번호 458.303 강좌번호 002 총학점 3
담당교수 이윤우 e-mail/ 연구실 [email protected]/
302동 726호 연락처 880-1883
교과목 홈페이지 http://sfpl.snu.ac.kr
교과목 구분 전공필수
수강대상 3학년 선수 권장과목 화학생물공학입문
공정전산기초, 물리화학, 화공열역학
강의시간 월, 수 14:00-15:15 강의실 302동 508호
강의조교 윤태준 안진주 상담시간 강의시간후
교과목 목표
일정한 온도에서 반응이 일어나는 화학반응기내의 Mole balance와 반응속도를 근거로 하여 반응전환율에 따른 반응기 크기 (연속 흐름반응기) 또는 반응시간 (회분식 반응기)을 결정하는 설계 알고리즘을 습득한다. 반응속도식을 실험적으로 어떻게 구하는 지를 배우며 이를 반응기설계에 있어서 어떻게 활용하는 지를 배운다. 여러 형태의 반응기 (교반형 회분식반응기, 교반형 연속식 탱크 반응기, 연속식 관형 반응기, 촉매충전형 연속 관형반응기 등)의 설계기법을 배우고, 여러 반응형태 (단일반응, 병렬반응, 직렬반응, 복합반응)에 대한 반응기 적용 예를 배운다. 셰일가스의 등장으로 새롭게 부각되고 있는 에탄가스의 화학제품 활용을 위한 실제크기의 공업용 반응기를 설계하는 기법을 배우기 위하여 다음과 같은 실전 예제를 다룬다: (1) 에탄의 탈수소화반응으로 에텔렌을 생산하는 기상반응기 (PFR) 설계, (2) 에틸렌을 부분산화하여 에틸렌오사이드를 제조하는 촉매충전층반응기 (PBR) 설계, 그리고 (3) 에틸렌옥사이드를 수화반응하여 에틸렌글리콜을 생산하는 CSTR 설계. 또한 다양한 마이크로반응기, 반회분식반응기, 멤브레인반응기, 생물반응기를 설계하는 연습을 통하여 엔지니어링 센스를 습득한다.
수업 진행방법 이론수업
교재 및
참고서
교재 핵심 화학반응공학 (2011) H. Scott Fogler지음 / 이윤우 옮김 피어슨에듀케이션코리아
참고서 Essentials of Chemical Reaction Engineering (2011) H. Scott Fogler Pearson Education Inc.
성적 평가방법 출석+학습태도
* (10%), 과제 (15%), 시험1 (20%), 시험2 (25%), 시험3 (30%)
주 별 진 행 계 획 강 의 계 획 서 회수 날짜 장 강의계획
1 03월02일(수) 제1장 몰수지
서론, 공업용반응기, 공업반응기 분류
2 03월07일(월) 이상적 반응기, 일반몰수지식, 설계방정식
3 03월09일(수) 제2장 전화율, 반응기크기 선정
전화율, 설계방정식, 레벤스필 플롯, 반응기크기
4 03월14일(월) 직렬연결반응기, 공간시간, 공간속도
5 03월16일(수) 제3장 속도법칙 반응차수, 속도법칙, 반응속도상수, 활성화에너지
6 03월21일(월) 제4장 화학양론
화학양론-정용 (constant volume)
7 03월23일(수) 화학양론-변용 (variable volume)
8 03월28일(월) 시험1
9 03월30일(수) 제5장 등온반응기설계
등온 반응기 설계-회분식반응기, CSTR
10 04월04일(월) 등온 반응기 설계-PFR, PBR 압력강하
11 04월06일(수) 등온 반응기 설계-PBR, 화학공장의 통합설계
12 04월11일(월) 제6장 등온반응기: 몰유량
몰유량수지 알고리즘
13 04월13일(수) 총선
14 04월18일(월) 마이크로/멤브레인/반회분식반응기/start-up
15 04월20일(수) 제7장 속도자료 분석
자료해석 알고리즘/적분법/비선형회귀법
16 04월25일(월) 미분반응기 (고체촉매반응)
17 04월27일(수) 시험2
18 05월02일(월)
제8장 복합반응
복합반응 알고리즘/병렬반응/반응기선택과 조건
19 05월04일(수) 직렬반응
20 05월09일(월) 복합반응(PBR, CSTR, 반회분식)
21 05월11일(수) 복합반응(PBR, CSTR, 반회분식)
22 05월16일(월) 복합반응(멤브레인)
23 05월18일(수)
제9장 반응메커니즘 생물반응
활성중간체, PSSH, 반응메커니즘, 반응경로
24 05월23일(얼) 효소반응, 효소-기질 복합체, 마이켈리스-멘텐식
25 05월25일(수) 효소반응의 저해
26 05월30일(월) 생물반응기, 회분식
27 06월01일(수) 생물반응기, CSTR
28 06월06일(월) 현충일
29 06월08일(수) 보충수업
30 06월13일(월) 시험3
Essentials of Chemical Reaction Engineering Pearson Education November 01, 2010
Textbook
Supercritical Fluid Process Lab
Fogler, H.S. Scott Fogler is Past President of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers for 2010. He received his B.S. from the University of Illinois and his M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of Colorado. He is the Ame and Catherine Vennema professor of chemical engineering and the Arthur F. Thurnau professor at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.
핵심화학반응공학 ㈜ 피어슨에듀케이션코리아
2011년 12월23일
H. Scott Fogler지음
이윤우 옮김
교 과 서
Supercritical Fluid Process Lab
Syllabus Reaction Engineering I (458.303.002)
반응공학이란 무엇인가? 반응공학은 반응기를 합리적으로 설계하고, 안전하게 조작하는 데 필요한 지식을 체계화한 학문이다. 구체적으로, 반응공학은 몰수지(반응기에 얼마나 많은 반응물이 들어가고 생산물이 얼마나 나가는가? 즉 얼마나 많이 생산할 것인가?), 반응속도(반응물은 얼마나 빨리 소모하는가? 제품은 얼마나 빨리 생성되는가?), 화학양론(반응물에 대하여 생성물의 몰수는?), 에너지수지(최적 반응온도는 무엇인가? 안전하게 운전할 수 있는가?), 열역학(우리가 도달할 수 있는 한계는 어디까지인가?) 등을 결합하여 반응공학 문제를 해결하는 학문이다. 반응공학 문제해결 알고리즘 =몰수지+반응속도식+화학양론(+에너지수지)
주요 반응공학 문제 (1) 화학반응을 동반하는 반응기의 형태와 크기 결정 (2) 반응기의 배열 (3) 반응시간의 예측 (4) 반응 실험 자료의 확보 및 해석 (5) 반응기 내에서의 압력강하 (6) 복합반응에서의 선택성과 수율의 최대화 (7) 비기초반응의 속도식 결정과 반응메커니즘의 예측 (8) 고체 촉매 반응에서의 속도식 결정 (9) 고체 촉매 반응에서의 속도제한 단계의 분석 (10) 고체촉매반응에서의 반응과 물질전달 (11) 최적의 반응온도 결정 (12) 非등온반응에서의 열교환 능력의 결정 (13) 단열 반응기의 안전성 해석 (14) 非정상상태 반응기 운전
주요 반응공학 문제 예제 (1) 공업용 반응기를 PFR로 할 것인가 CSTR로 할 것인가? (2) 실험용 반응기를 설계하는 데 고려해야 하는 것은? (3) 생산량을 늘리려면 온도를 올릴 것인가 반응기를 크게 할 것인가? (4) 생산량을 30% 늘리려면 반응기 부피(촉매의 무게)는 얼마나 크게 해야 하는가? (5) 반응기배열: CSTR1→CSTR2→CSTR3 또는 CSTR1→CSTR2→PFR 로 할 것인가? (6) 맥주제조 발효기를 언제 중단해야 맛있는 맥주를 만들 수 있는가? (7) 세계에서 처음 수행하는 화학반응의 속도식은 어떻게 구할 것인가? (8) 속도식을 구하려고 하는데 어떤 반응기를 사용할 것인가? (9) 가역반응의 전화율을 높이는 반응기는? (10) 멤브레인 반응기를 선택하는 경우는? (11) 촉매 크기를 변경할 경우 반응기 내에서의 압력강하 변화와 전화율 변화는? (12) 압력강하를 줄이기 위하여 반응기 직경을 늘리거나 촉매의 크기를 늘리는 경우? (13) Start up에서 정상상태에 도달하는 시간은? (14) 평행반응에서 선택성과 수율의 최대화와 할 수 있는 반응기 선택은? (15) 연속반응에서 선택성과 수율의 최대화와 할 수 있는 방법은? (16) 반회분식 반응기는 어떤 경우에 사용되는가? (17) 非기초반응의 속도식 결정하는 방법은? (18) 생물반응기는 어떻게 설계하는가?
이상적인 반응기 (ideal reactors) 반응공학 문제를 해결하는 능력을 키우기 위해 이 강좌에서는 다루는 반응기들 (1) 회분식반응기(batch) (2) 연속교반탱크반응기(CSTR) (3) 플러그흐름반응기(PFR) (4) 충전층반응기(PBR) (5) 유동층 CSTR (6) 미분(differential)반응기 (7) 멤브레인반응기
이상적인 반응기들(ideal reactors)을 대상으로 하여 반응기 설계 알고리즘을 따라서 여러 가지 문제를 논리적으로 접근하며 해결할 수 있도록 한다.
강의 주제 Syllabus 반응공학
Seoul National University
• 이상적인 반응기: batch, CSTR, plug flow • 하나의 반응에 대하여 이상반응기에서 몰수지식 작성
• 반응속도, 화학양론, 결합 이해
• 이상적 반응기의 특징 및 성능비교
• 반응속도식 구하는 방법 • 연속반응과 평행반응 확장 • Kinetics를 위한 실험실적 반응기 선택방법
• 유체의 밀도가 변하는 반응계와 압력강하
• 반응기, 분리기, 재순환과 최적화 개념 • 복합반응에서의 선택성과 수율, 그리고 반응기 선택방법
Chemical Process
Separation processes
Separation processes
Chemical reaction
Raw materials Products
Byproducts
The key component is the chemical reactor in any processes.
In typical chemical processes the capital and operating costs of the reactor may be only 10 to 25% of the total, with separation units dominating the size and cost of the process. Yet the performance of the chemical reactor totally controls the costs and modes of operation of these expensive separation units, and thus the chemical reactor largely controls the overall economics of most processes. Improvement in the reactor usually have enormous impact on upstream and downstream separation processes.
Seoul National University
Use of Nitrobenzene
Benzene nitrobenzene aniline MDA MDI polyurethane
Acetaminophen
Herbicide, dye pigment
Vulcanization accelerator
Seoul National University
The production of nitrobenzene: 1 ton/yr
NO2
+ HNO3 + H2O H2SO4
Benzene M.W.=78 bp=80oC SP.GR.=0.88 Insoluble with water
Nitrobenzene M.W.=123 bp=211oC SP.GR.=1.2 Insoluble with water
Sulfuric acid M.W.=98 bp=290oC SP.GR.=1.5 (60%) soluble with water
Nitric acid M.W.=63 bp=121oC SP.GR.=1.4 (100%) soluble with water
BASIS: 1000kg of Nitrobenzene Thoe. 8.13 kgmole 8.13 kgmole 8.13 kgmole Theo. 634 kg 512 kg 1000 kg Real 640 kg 515 kg 3.3 kg (consumption) Excess 3 kg 3.3 kg (consumption) Excess 0.037 kgmole 0.034 kgmole (consumption)
HNO3 +NaOH → NaNO3 +H2O H2SO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2H2O NaOH requirement=0.037*40+0.034*2*40=4.2kg ~ 0.004 ton
Benzene nitric acid sulfuric acid
Seoul National University
The production of nitrobenzene
NO2
+ HNO3 + H2O H2SO4
Benzene M.W.=78 bp=80oC SP.GR.=0.88 Insoluble with water
Nitrobenzene M.W.=123 bp=211oC SP.GR.=1.2 Insoluble with water
Sulfuric acid M.W.=98 bp=290oC SP.GR.=1.5 (60%) soluble with water
Nitric acid M.W.=63 bp=121oC SP.GR.=1.4 (100%) soluble with water
Nitrobenzene 1 ton
Raw materials Utilities
Benzene 0.64 ton cooling water 14,200 gal
Nitric acid (100%) 0.515 ton steam 800 lb
Sulfuric acid (100%) 0.0033 ton electricity 20 kWh
NaOH 0.004 ton compressed air 180 scf/m
Seoul National University
Flow sheet for the production of nitrobenzene
steam
Condensate to wash
Vacuum jet
Surface condenser
vapors
Sulfuric acid concentrator
Reactors (Nitrators) Separator
benzene
Crude Nitrobenzene (
Flow sheet for the production of nitrobenzene
steam
Condensate to wash
Vacuum jet
Surface condenser
vapors
Sulfuric acid concentrator
Reactors (Nitrators) Separator
benzene
Crude Nitrobenzene (
Chemical Kinetics
The knowledge of chemical reaction engineering
How is a chemical engineer different from other engineers?
the study of - chemical reaction rates - reaction mechanisms
Reactor Design the study of - Mole Balance - Stoichiometry - Fluid flow - Heat & Mass Transfer - Catalyst
A
AA
AA
AA
CkCkr
kCrkCr
2
1
2
1+=−
=−
=−
∫=A
A
N
NA
A
VrdNt
0
Seoul National University
Industrial Reactors
Seoul National University
Batch Reactor Stirring Apparatus
HANDHOLES
Conventional jacket
回分式反応器
Seoul National University
Cutaway View of CSTR
Helix Impeller
Marine Type Propeller
pitched blade turbine
flat blade radial turbine
Gas Entrainment Impeller
Spiral Agitator
Anchor Stirrer
Turbine Type Impeller
http://www.jeiopi.co.kr/english/prd/impeller.htm
Hydrofoil
攪拌槽型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=impeller/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/www.sharpemixers.com/Sharpe Web/Radial Impeller.jpg
CSTR/batch Reactor 攪拌槽型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
Type of Jacket
Dimpled Jacket
Half pipe jacket
Baffles
Inner coil type Heat exchange
impeller
Conventional jacket
www.centralfabricators.com/hpipej.htm
攪拌槽型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
Stirred Tank Reactor 攪拌槽型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor 攪拌槽型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
polymerization reactor 攪拌槽型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
High Pressure Tubular Reactor for LDPE (Low Density PolyEthylene) plant
ExxonMobil's tubular process technology
for Sasol's new high-pressure low density
polyethylene (LDPE) plant in Sasolburg,
South Africa. The new 220,000 ton-per-
year plant is expected to be completed in
2005.
管型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
The Shinko Pantec Plant, Capacity: 1100 kg/h
Tubular Reactor for SCWO 管型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
The default configuration catalytically reacts ethylene (reactant A) with benzene (reactant B), an exothermic reaction, to produce ethylbenzene (product C), an intermediate chemical used in the manufacture of styrene monomer. (http://www.simtronics.com/catalog/spm/spm2200a.htm)
a bank of catalyst packed tubes (Zeolite)
Ethylene
Ethylbenzene
Benzene
430oC, 20bar
400oC, 20bar
177oC 510oC
Tubular Reactor for production of ethylbenzene 管型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
http://www.simtronics.com/catalog/spm/spm2200.htm
Static Mixer in Tubular Reactor 管型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
http://www.koflo.com/http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=PFR+reactor/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/www.komax.com/images/PFReactor.gifhttp://www.cleanersolutions.org/PictureIndex.htmhttp://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=static+mixer/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/www.e-quipment.com.au/images/Optimized/Static1.jpg
Reactor System Used at Amoco
Industrial Reactor Photos 固定層型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
Spherical Reactor at AMOCO Spherical Reactors Connected in Series
“Ultraformer Reactor”-Reforming Petroleum Naphtha 固定層型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
Hydrotreating Unit Catalytic hydrotreating is a hydrogenation process used to remove about 90% of contaminants such as nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and metals from liquid petroleum fractions. These contaminants, if not removed from the petroleum fractions as they travel through the refinery processing units, can have detrimental effects on the equipment, the catalysts, and the quality of the finished product. Typically, hydrotreating is done prior to processes such as catalytic reforming so that the catalyst is not contaminated by untreated feedstock. Hydrotreating is also used prior to catalytic cracking to reduce sulfur and improve product yields, and to upgrade middle-distillate petroleum fractions into finished kerosene, diesel fuel, and heating fuel oils. In addition, hydrotreating converts olefins and aromatics to saturated compounds.
固定層型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
Packed Bed Reactor Fisher-Tropsch synthesis reaction at Sasol Limited Chemical
Gas inlet (50% conversion)
Tube bundle (2050 tubes)
5cm ID X 12 m H
Catalyst
K2O/SiO2 on Fe BET=200m2/g
Steam injector
Product = Light hydrocarbon + wax (candle & printing inks)
固定層型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
Straight Though Transport Reactor Fisher-Tropsch synthesis reaction at Sasol Limited Chemical
Reactor 3.5 m ID x 38 m H
Riser (Straight-Through Transport Reactor)
(Circulating Fluidized Bed)
Settling hopper
Standpipe
流動層型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
Straight Though Transport Reactor waxes and distillate fuels
http://www.hcasia.safan.com/mag/hnov02/it60.pdf
catalyst
Catalyst 6-9.5 ton/sec
Feed 300,000 m3/hr @STP 58% H2 32% CO 9% CH4 1% CO2
Tail Gas (T) 38% H2 35% CH4 12% CO2 11% C2-C5 7% CO
Volume=365 m3
3.5m ID X 38m H
Synoil
150 ton Catalyst
P=25atm T=350oC
Recycle (R)
R/T=2
流動層型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
Sasol Advanced Synthol (SAS) Reactor light olefins and gasoline fractions
流動層型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unit in the petroleum refining industry
流動層型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=naphtha/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/www.energy-derivatives.com/images/pictures/naphtha.jpg
Stone & Webster’s plant
Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Reactor 流動層型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
Slurry Phase Distillate Reactor 氣泡塔型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
www.fe.doe.gov/programs/.../tl_liqphase_schematic.html
Bubble Column Reactor For Fischer-Tropsch Reaction
氣泡塔型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
Fluidized Bed Gasification Reactor
www.fao.org/DOCREP/T0512E/ T0512e0a.htm
GTL reactor for Sasol coal-gasified gas into synthetic oil
流動層型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
Residual Oil Fluidized-Bed Catalytic Cracking reactor 流動層型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
Dimersol G unit (Two –CSTR and one PFR in series)
Dimerization propylene into isohexanes
Institute Français du Petrόle Process
http://www.ifp.fr/
管型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
http://www.ifp.fr/IFP/en/aa.htm
The finishing reactor (“the snake”) to comply with LPG specification in the USA (less than 5% olefins)
Plug-flow reactor for Dimersol™ process 管型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
Automotive Catalytic Converter
2NO → N2 + O2 2NO2 → N2 + 2O2 2CO + O2 → 2CO2
固定層型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062883/K=catalytic+convertor/v=2/l=IVI/*-http:/home.t-online.de/home/SBeatty/rtcat.jpg
Microreactor made of silicon anodically bonded with glass
Lab-on-Chip made of glass and polymer for DNA amplification and detection
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the UK
Microreactor and Lab-on-Chip 管型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
Microreactor for DNA analysis
)50050( mwXh µ
liternano50
C°± 1.0
µ/10 gnano
管型 反應裝置
Seoul National University
Oxidation Reactor in Semiconductor Processing
Seoul National University
Diamond film is synthesized through CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition)
CVD Diamond coated tools
SEM of Diamond Films on Si-wafer substrate
1 to 2 micron/hour
Seoul National University
Metallization
Integrated Circuit Wafer and Packaged Device
bis-hexafluoroacetyl-acetonate-CuII (CF3COCHCF3CO)2Cu
Seoul National University
http://rds.yahoo.com/S=96062857/K=metallization/v=2/SID=w/l=II/R=121/*-http:/images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images?p=metallization&ei=UTF-8&n=20&fl=0&b=121&h=496&w=400&imgcurl=www.leb.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/bilder/ibm-co.jpg&imgurl=www.leb.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/bilder/ibm-co.jpg&name=ibm-co.jpg&p=metallization&rurl=http://www.leb.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/lehre/veranst/piba.htm&rcurl=http://www.leb.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de/lehre/veranst/piba.htm&type=&no=121&tt=810
Chemical Reactions in Microelectronics Processing
Chemical Vapor Deposition
Plasma Etching Electrochemical Deposition
Chemical Mechanical Polishing
Seoul National University
http://che.oregonstate.edu/research/LBUOMEP/CVD/http://che.oregonstate.edu/research/LBUOMEP/PE/http://che.oregonstate.edu/research/LBUOMEP/CMP/http://che.oregonstate.edu/research/LBUOMEP/ED/
Metal Deposition in Microelectronics Processing
silicon-diffusion furnace
Metal Deposition Reactor
Oxidation reactor
Seoul National University
Ozone Depletion Reaction in Stratosphere
Paul Crutzen (Seoul National University)
F. Sherwood Rowland (U. C. Irvine)
Mario Molina (MIT)
Seoul National University
Bio reactors
Vaccines From The Bioreactor
photo-bioreactor
Metallurgy: Blast Furnace
Water Treatment Systems
工業反應裝置 分類
1. 固定層型 反應裝置 (Fixed bed) 2. 移動層型 反應裝置 (Moving bed) 3. 流動層型 反應裝置 (Fluidized bed) 4. 攪拌槽型 反應裝置 (Stirred Tank) 5. 氣泡塔型 反應裝置 (Bubble cap tower) 6. 管型 反應裝置 (Tubular) 7. 火炎型 反應裝置 (Flammed) 8. 氣流型 反應裝置 (Pneumatic conveying) 9. 段塔型 反應裝置 (Multi-staged) 10. 回轉圓板型 反應裝置 (Rotary)
Seoul National University
固定層型 反應裝置 (Fixed bed)
Gas (Liq)
Gas (Liq) (a) Fixed bed (1φ) (b) Fixed bed (2φ: Countercurrent)
Gas
Gas
Liq
Liq
Gas inlet
Gas outlet
(c) Radial flow type
Gas flow
Catalyst bed
(d) Parallel flow type (e) Thin bed catalysis reactor (Ammonia Oxidation)
Outlet gas
Catalyst bed Metal
mesh
Nitric Oxide
Ammonia +
Air Pt/Rh gauze
Pd/Au screen Porous bed
Support screen
2 cm
Seoul National University
移動層型 反應裝置 (Moving bed)
Gas
Gas Gas
Gas
Gas
Gas
Gas
Gas
Gas
Gas
Gas
Gas solid
solid
solid
solid
solid
solid solid
solid
solid
Solid
Catalyst
(b) Countercurrent (gas-solid rxn)
(c) Cross flow
Gas
(a) Countercurrent (gas-solid cat. rxn)
(d) Moving grid
(e) Rotary kiln (rotated) (f) Multistaged
Seoul National University
流動層型 反應裝置 (Fluidized bed) Gas
Gas
Gas Gas
Gas
Gas Gas
Gas
Gas
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid
Solid Particle Solid
Particle
Liquid
Liquid
Gas Flow
(b) Fluidized bed (gas-solid rxn)
(c) 3φ Fluidized bed
(a) Fluidized bed (gas-solid cat.)
(d) High flow fluidized bed (e) Spray flow bed
Seoul National University
攪拌槽型 反應裝置 (Stirred Tank)
Gas Steam
Liquid Gas
Liquid
Reactant inlet
Reactant inlet
Reactant inlet
Products
Products
Products outlet
Baffles
Impeller
Impeller
Jacket
Steam
Heat Transfer Coil
(a) CSTR (Jacket)
(d) Series CSTRs
(a) CSTR (Coiled)
(c) CSTR (G-L)
(e) Multi-Staged CSTRs
Seoul National University
氣泡塔型 反應裝置 (Bubble cap tower)
Gas
Liquid
Gas
Gas
Gas Gas
Gas
Liquid
Liquid
Liquid Liquid
Liquid
Ring Sparger
Heat Transfer Tubes
Single hole nozzle
Multi hole plate
Multi hole Gas distributor
(a) Ring sparger type
(b) Single nozzle gas distribution
(c) Multi hole gas distribution
Seoul National University
管型 反應裝置 (Tubular)
Reactant inlet Products outlet
HT media
Reactant inlet
Products outlet
Gas
Gas
Gas
Gas
Liquid Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
HT Media
HT Media
tubular reactor
tubular reactor
Jacket
burner
quenching quenching
burner
preheating
Boiler for Steam generation
naphtha naphtha
Cooling water
Liquid
Jacket
(a) Single tube type
(b) Multi tube type (c) Burner heated type (d) Wetted wall type (e) Spray tower
Seoul National University
段塔型 反應裝置 (Multi-staged)
Gas Liquid
回轉圓板型 反應裝置 (Rotary)
Gas Liquid
Vessel
Rotating Disc
Axis
Liquid Level
Water
Seoul National University
Reactor Types with different phases
G L SC GS GL GLS LL LG SS
Fixed bed
Moving bed
Fluidized bed
Stirred tank
Bubble cap
Tubular
Pneumatic
1 2
Phase Reactor
G=Gas, L= Liquid, SC=Solid catalyst, GS=Gas-Solid, GL=Gas-Liquid, GLS=Gas-Liquid-Solid, LL=Liquid-Liquid, LG=Liquid-Gas, LS=Liquid-Solid, SS=Solid-Solid
3
4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14
Seoul National University
Sele
ctio
n of
Rea
ctor
Typ
e 1. Partial Oxidation of Propylene Ammonia Synthesis Naphtha Reforming Reaction 2. Hydrodesulphurization 3. Immobilized Enzyme Reaction 4. Production of Steel in Furnace 5. Sohio Process for Production of Acrylonitrile Fluidized Catalytic Cracking 6. Gas phase Polymerization of propylene Fluidized Coal Combustion 7. Bulk Polymerization of Styrene 8. Production of Antibiotics 9. Production of Terephthalic Acid Hydrogenation of Edible Oil 10. Emulsion Polymerization of SBR 11. Production of HDPE 12. Liquid phase Oxidation of Olefin 13. Production of LDPE 14. Production of Syngas
Seoul National University
Seoul National University Production of Steel in Furnace
1. Partial Oxidation of Propylene Ammonia Synthesis Naphtha Reforming Reaction 2. Hydrodesulphurization 3. Immobilized Enzyme Reaction 4. Production of Steel in Furnace 5. Sohio Process for Production of Acrylonitrile Fluidized Catalytic Cracking 6. Gas phase Polymerization of propylene Fluidized Coal Combustion 7. Bulk Polymerization of Styrene 8. Production of Antibiotics 9. Production of Terephthalic Acid Hydrogenation of Edible Oil 10. Emulsion Polymerization of SBR 11. Production of HDPE 12. Liquid phase Oxidation of Olefin 13. Production of LDPE 14. Production of Syngas
Seoul National University
1. Partial Oxidation of Propylene Ammonia Synthesis Naphtha Reforming Reaction 2. Hydrodesulphurization 3. Immobilized Enzyme Reaction 4. Production of Steel in Furnace 5. Sohio Process for Production of Acrylonitrile Fluidized Catalytic Cracking 6. Gas phase Polymerization of propylene Fluidized Coal Combustion 7. Bulk Polymerization of Styrene 8. Production of Antibiotics 9. Production of Terephthalic Acid Hydrogenation of Edible Oil 10. Emulsion Polymerization of SBR 11. Production of HDPE 12. Liquid phase Oxidation of Olefin 13. Production of LDPE 14. Production of Syngas
Seoul National University
1. Partial Oxidation of Propylene Ammonia Synthesis Naphtha Reforming Reaction 2. Hydrodesulphurization 3. Immobilized Enzyme Reaction 4. Production of Steel in Furnace 5. Sohio Process for Production of Acrylonitrile Fluidized Catalytic Cracking 6. Gas phase Polymerization of propylene Fluidized Coal Combustion 7. Bulk Polymerization of Styrene 8. Production of Antibiotics 9. Production of Terephthalic Acid Hydrogenation of Edible Oil 10. Emulsion Polymerization of SBR 11. Production of HDPE 12. Liquid phase Oxidation of Olefin 13. Production of LDPE 14. Production of Syngas
1. Partial Oxidation of Propylene Ammonia Synthesis Naphtha Reforming Reaction 2. Hydrodesulphurization 3. Immobilized Enzyme Reaction 4. Production of Steel in Furnace 5. Sohio Process for Production of Acrylonitrile Fluidized Catalytic Cracking 6. Gas phase Polymerization of propylene Fluidized Coal Combustion 7. Bulk Polymerization of Styrene 8. Production of Antibiotics 9. Production of Terephthalic Acid Hydrogenation of Edible Oil 10. Emulsion Polymerization of SBR 11. Production of HDPE 12. Liquid phase Oxidation of Olefin 13. Production of Ethylene by Cracking of Naphtha 14. Production of Syngas
Seoul National University
유동층 촉매반응기는 분자량이 큰 원유 등을 원통의 반응기에서 미분발의 Zeolite Y 촉매를 유동화시켜 작은 분자로 변화시키는 반응기로서 촉매를 재생하는 반응기와 결합하여 사용한다. 이 때 zeolite촉매는 고체이고 원료는 기체로서 공급되고 생성물은 기체로 배출된다.
Seoul National University
1. Partial Oxidation of Propylene Ammonia Synthesis Naphtha Reforming Reaction 2. Hydrodesulphurization 3. Immobilized Enzyme Reaction 4. Production of Steel in Furnace 5. Sohio Process for Production of Acrylonitrile Fluidized Catalytic Cracking 6. Gas phase Polymerization of propylene Fluidized Coal Combustion 7. Bulk Polymerization of Styrene 8. Production of Antibiotics 9. Production of Terephthalic Acid Hydrogenation of Edible Oil 10. Emulsion Polymerization of SBR 11. Production of HDPE 12. Liquid phase Oxidation of Olefin 13. Production of LDPE 14. Production of Syngas
1. Partial Oxidation of Propylene Ammonia Synthesis Naphtha Reforming Reaction 2. Hydrodesulphurization 3. Immobilized Enzyme Reaction 4. Production of Steel in Furnace 5. Sohio Process for Production of Acrylonitrile Fluidized Catalytic Cracking 6. Gas phase Polymerization of propylene Fluidized Coal Combustion 7. Bulk Polymerization of Styrene 8. Production of Antibiotics 9. Production of Terephthalic Acid Hydrogenation of Edible Oil 10. Emulsion Polymerization of SBR 11. Production of HDPE 12. Liquid phase Oxidation of Olefin 13. Production of LDPE 14. Production of Syngas
Seoul National University
Seoul National University
산업에서 사용되는 화학반응기에 대한 예를 조사하고 어떤 반응기를 사용하고 어떤 상태로 운전되는 지 아래 처럼 정리하여 제출하여라 (ppt 1쪽).
슬라이드 번호 1슬라이드 번호 2슬라이드 번호 3슬라이드 번호 4슬라이드 번호 5슬라이드 번호 6슬라이드 번호 7슬라이드 번호 8슬라이드 번호 9슬라이드 번호 10슬라이드 번호 11슬라이드 번호 12슬라이드 번호 13슬라이드 번호 14슬라이드 번호 15슬라이드 번호 16슬라이드 번호 17슬라이드 번호 18슬라이드 번호 19슬라이드 번호 20슬라이드 번호 21슬라이드 번호 22슬라이드 번호 23슬라이드 번호 24슬라이드 번호 25슬라이드 번호 26슬라이드 번호 27슬라이드 번호 28슬라이드 번호 29슬라이드 번호 30슬라이드 번호 31슬라이드 번호 32슬라이드 번호 33슬라이드 번호 34슬라이드 번호 35슬라이드 번호 36슬라이드 번호 37슬라이드 번호 38슬라이드 번호 39슬라이드 번호 40슬라이드 번호 41슬라이드 번호 42슬라이드 번호 43슬라이드 번호 44슬라이드 번호 45슬라이드 번호 46슬라이드 번호 47슬라이드 번호 48슬라이드 번호 49슬라이드 번호 50슬라이드 번호 51슬라이드 번호 52슬라이드 번호 53슬라이드 번호 54슬라이드 번호 55슬라이드 번호 56슬라이드 번호 57슬라이드 번호 58슬라이드 번호 59슬라이드 번호 60슬라이드 번호 61슬라이드 번호 62슬라이드 번호 63슬라이드 번호 64슬라이드 번호 65슬라이드 번호 66슬라이드 번호 67슬라이드 번호 68슬라이드 번호 69슬라이드 번호 70슬라이드 번호 71슬라이드 번호 72슬라이드 번호 73