Chemical Weapons

Bolechová, Havelková

Types of Chemical Weapons

• Nerve Agents

• Blister Agents

• Blood Agents

• Choking Agents

• Incapacitating Agents

Characterization of chemical Weapons

Nerve Agents

• Nerve agents attack the bodies nervous system. • Nerve agents causse breathing difficulties,

convulsions, paralysis, and death. • Nerve agents can be inhaled or absorbed

through the skin. • Symptoms of nerve agent poisoning include

runny nose, tightness of chest, difficulty breathing, excessive sweating, nausea, vomiting dimness of vision, pinpointing of the pupils, convulsion, and death.

Blister Agents

• Blister agents attack the lungs, eyes, and skin.

• They blister both skin and mucous membranes.

Blood Agents

• Blood agents interfere with the bodies ability to absorb oxygen.

• The victim dies because the body tissues are starved of oxygen.

• Blood agents cause headaches, vertigo, and nausea before death.

Choking Agents

• Choking agents attack the lungs, causing them to fill with fluid. Choking agents are detected by their smell and their irritancy. The victim suffocates by drowning in his own body fluid. Choking agents cause coughing, choking, tightness of the chest, nasea, headache, and watering of the eyes.

Incapatitating Agents

• An agent that produces temporary physiological or mantal effects, or both, which will render individuals incapable of concerted effort in the performance of their assigned duties

representatives

VX Gas• KIND: Nerve agents

• ANTIDOTE: atropin

• It works as a nerve agent by blocking the function of the enzym acetylcholinesterase

C11 H26 N O2 P S

O-Ethyl-S-[2(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothioate

Sarin

• KIND: nerve agent• ANTIDOTE: atropine or other acetylcholine

• At room temperature, sarin is a colourless, odourless liquid

CH3P(O)(F)OCH(CH3)2

O-Isopropyl Methylphosphonofluoridate

Soman

• KIND: nerve agent• ANTIDOTE: commercial name is „Transant“

C7H16F02P

O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate

Tabun• KIND: nerve agent• ANTIDOTE: Atropine + NaF (15 mg/kg) • Tabun is a colourless to brown liquid.• Tabun was the first nerve agent discovered.

C5H11N202P

Ethyl N,N-dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate

Yperite (Mustard Gas )

• KIND: Blister agents

• ANTIDOTE: Sodium ethanemonothiophosphonate is a weak antidote.

• In pure form, it is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid at room temperature and causes blistering of the skin.

C4H8C12S

Bis (2-chloroethyl) sulfide

Phosgene• KIND: Choking Agents

• ANTIDOTE: No antidote exists for phosgene

COCl2

Health lung

Carbonyl chloride

Hydrogen cyanide• KIND: Choking Agents• ANTIDOTE: para-

aminopropiophenone • It‘s contained in the exhaust of

vehicles, in tobacco smoke.• Used by Nazi Germany during the

Holocaust to kill millions of people.• The toxicity is caused by the

cyanide ion. • Signs and Symptoms: nausea, gasp

(těžký dech), cherry-red skin, death • Intoxication has a immediate onset

(okamžitý nástup)

HCN

LSD

• KIND: incapacitating

• Incapacitating agents are not primarily intended to kill

• It´s causes a powerful intensification and alteration of senses, feelings, memories, and self-awareness for 6 to 14 hours.

• LSD usually produces visual effects such as moving geometric patterns and brilliant colors.

D-lysergic acid diethylamide