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Chemistry11AtomicTheoryI
Name:Date:Block:
1. AtomicTheoristsandTheories2. AtomicStructure
AtomicTheoristsandTheoriesScientistscreatemodelsto…
1. 2. 3. 4.
EarlyGreekTheories
• Democritus:400BCEo Suggestedthatallmatterwasmadeupoftinyindivisible
particlescalled______________________________________________
• Aristotle:350BCEo Modifiedanearliertheoryandthoughthatmatterwasmadeof
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
o Hewas___________________________buthistheorypersistedfor2000years
JohnDalton
• In1800,JohnDaltonproposedatheorybasedon_______________________________________• Hisideasaccountedfor:
o LawofConservationof____________________o LawofConstant_________________________________________
⇒ Dalton’sAtomicTheory:
1. Allmatterismadeupof_________________________2. Atomsofanelementare_______________________________
3. Eachelementhas______________________________________________________4. Atomsofdifferentelements_________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________5. Atomsare___________________________________________inreactions
J.J.Thomson
• UsingCrooke’sCathodeRayTube(CRT),Thomson________________________________________________________________________________
• Thomson’sdiscoveryofthesubatomicparticledisprovedDalton’sprevioustheory• Thomson’smodeloftheatom:
ErnestRutherford
• Discoveredthe___________________withhis_______________________________________________________
• Iftheplumpuddingmodelwascorrect,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
• However,someoftheparticleswere________________________________(bythenucleus)• TheflawinRutherford’smodel:
o Hecouldnotexplainwhytheelectrons___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
NielsBohr
• Bohrpicturedthehydrogenatomashaving________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
• Each“jump”wouldgiveofflightofaparticularwavelengthorcolor.Thisgaverisetohydrogen’sspectrum
o Whentheatomwas“excited”,theelectroncould“jump”toahigherenergylevel
o Whentheelectroncamebackdown,itreleasedenergyintheformoflight• Bohr’smodeloftheatom:
OtherSignificantFigures:
• LouisDeBroglieo Suggestedthatallparticleshavea“wavenature”andthatthingslikelightandelectrons
couldbeparticlesorwaveso InDeBroglie’smodeloftheatom,electronsarelikewavesthatgoaroundthenucleus
• ErwinSchrodingero Anorbitalisaregioninspacewhere_______________________________________________________________o Thedensertheorbital,thehighertheprobability
• MurrayGell-Manno Allsubatomicparticlesarecomposedof“______________________”
AtomicStructure
• AtomicNumber:Thenumberof________________________inanelemento Determinesspotontheperiodictable
• MassNumber:Thenumberof___________________________________________________inanelement• Ifanatomhasaneutralcharge,itmusthave_______________________________________________________________• Isotope:Anelementthathasthesamenumberofprotons,butdifferentnumberof___________________
o Sameatomicnumber,differentmassnumber
1. Themassofanatomiscontainedmainlyinits_________________and_________________.
2. Theidentityofanelementisdeterminedbyitsnumberof_______________________.
3. Isotopesareatomswiththesamenumberof_______________anddifferentnumberof__________________.
4. Thechargeofanatomorionisdeterminedbyitsnumberof_________________________.
5. ______ParticleXcontains9protons,10neutrons,and9electrons.ParticleYcontains9protons,10neutrons,and10electrons.WhatistherelationshipbetweenparticlesXandY?
A. ParticlesXandYareisotopesofthesameelement.B. ParticleXisanatom,andparticleYisanionofthesameelement.C. ParticleXandYareatomsofdifferentelements.D. ThereisnosignificantdifferencebetweenparticlesXandY.
Thetablebelowcontainsinformationaboutseveralions.Usetheinformationgiventofillintheblanks.ElementName
IonSymbol
AtomicNumber
MassNumber
#ofProtons
#ofNeutrons
#ofElectrons
6. Cl− 18
7. Silver 107 46
8. 8 8 10
9. Al3+ 27
Thetablebelowcontainsinformationaboutseveralisotopes.Usetheinformationgiventofillintheblanks.Assumeallatomsareneutral.IsotopeName
NuclearSymbol
AtomicNumber
MassNumber
#ofProtons
#ofNeutrons
#ofElectrons
10. Calcium-40
11. Calcium-42
12. 26 56
13. 8 10
14. Au19779
protons neutrons
protonsprotons neutrons
electrons
B
0
Chlorine 17 35 17 18Agt 47 47 60
Oxygen 02 8 16Aluminum 13 13 14 to
massI
0 Ca 20 40 20 20 20atomic
Yea 20 42 20 22 20Iron 56 Fe 26 30 26Oxygen 18 fo 8 18 8Gold197 79 197 79 118 79
15. Calculatetheaverageatomicmassforneonifitsabundanceinnatureis90.5%neon-20,0.3%
neon-21,and9.2%neon-22.
16. Calculatetheaverageatomicmassofsilverif13outof25atomsaresilver-107and12outof25atomsaresilver-109.
17. Pleaseusethefollowingtabletocalculatetheaverageatomicmassofchlorine.
18. Raiderium(Cv)hasthreenaturallyoccurringisotopes.Raideriumis74.655%44Cv,whichhasanatomicmassof43.064amu,24.958%46Cv,whichhasamassof46.125amu,and0.387%48Cv,whichhasanatomicmassof47.982amu.PleasecalculatetheaverageatomicmassofRaiderium.
19. Naturallyoccurringsiliconconsistsofthreestableisotopes(seetable).Theaverageatomicweightis28.09AMU.Whatistheatomicmassof30Si?
Isotope %Abundance Mass(amu)35Cl 75.78% 34.96937Cl 24.22% 36.966
Isotope %Abundance Mass(amu)28Si 92.21% 27.97729Si 4.70% 28.97630Si 3.09% ?
15)20.19amu 16)107.96amu 17)35.453amu 18)43.847amu 19)30.11amu
tep convert todecimal 0.905 20amu 0.003 2 amu 0.092 22anufauchliplynadsegimalba
420.19mgAddeachmasstogether
1325 0.52 521 0.52 107amv t 0.48 109amu
12 25 0.48 481 4107.960mF
0.7578 34.969amv t 0.2422 36.966amu
435.45M
0.74655 43.064amv 1 0.24958 46.125amu 0.00387 46.982amu
443.85M
0.9221 27.977amu 1 0.0470 28.976amu 0.0309 X 28.09amu25 amu t 1.36am 0.0309 X 28.099mV
solve for x27.16amv t 0.0309K 28.09amuO 0309x 0.93
1230.1192
