Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Chemistry 142Chapter 24:
Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds
OutlineI. Properties of Transition MetalsII. Coordination CompoundsIII. Structure and IsomersIV. NomenclatureV. BondingVI. Applications
Properties
Expanded Periodic Tablen 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
i 1A 8A
1 1 2
H 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A He
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be B C N O F Ne
3 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B i 8B i 1B 2B Al Si P S Cl Ar
4 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
5 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
6 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
7 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 105 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
s orbital, the energy level = n Electron Filling Order:p orbital, the energy level = n 1s 2s2p 3s3p 4s3d4p 5s4d5p 6s5d4f6p 7s6d5f7p
d orbital, the energy level = n - 1
f orbital, the energy level = n - 2
Density
Melting Point
6Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach
Atomic Size
Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach
7
Ionization Energy
Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach
8
Electronegativity
Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach
9
Oxidation States
Oxidation States of Mn
Mn2+ (aq), Mn(OH)3 (s), MnO2 (s), MnO4
2–(aq), MnO4
– (aq)
Relative Reducing Abilities of First Row Transition Metals in Aqueous Solution
reducing ability
Half-Reaction Potential (V)
Sc (s) Sc3+ (aq) + 3 e- 2.08
Ti (s) Ti2+ (aq) + 2 e- 1.63
V (s) V2+ (aq) + 2 e- 1.20
Mn (s) Mn2+ (aq) + 2 e- 1.18
Cr (s) Cr2+ (aq) + 2 e- 0.91
Zn (s) Zn2+ (aq) + 2 e- 0.76
Fe (s) Fe2+ (aq) + 2 e- 0.44
Co (s) Co2+ (aq) + 2 e- 0.28
Ni (s) Ni2+ (aq) + 2 e- 0.23
Cu (s) Cu2+ (aq) + 2 e- -0.34
Lanthanide Contraction
Complex Ion
Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach
14
Coordination Compound
Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach
15
Geometries in Complex Ions
Ligands
Chelates
[Co(en)3]3+ [Co(EDTA)]-
Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach
19
Complex Ions with Polydentate Ligands
Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach
22
Linkage Isomers
Geometric Isomers: Cis-TransSquare Planar Complex
[Pt(NH3)2Cl2] diamminedichloroplatinum(II)
Geometric Isomers: Cis-Trans Octahedral Complexes[Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl
Geometric Isomers: Cis-TransOctahedral Complex
[Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ tetraamminedichlorocobalt(II)
Geometric Isomers: Mer-FacOctahedral Complex
[Co(NH3)3Cl3] triamminetrichlorocobalt(II)
Structure of Coordination Compounds
22.4
Structures of [Co(en)3]3+ and [Co(NH3)6]3+
Valence Bond Theory
Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach
30
Color & Electrons
Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach
34
Strong and Weak Field Splitting
Crystal Field Theory
Example – Coordination Chemistry
• Compare the strong field case of hexaamminecobalt(III) ion to the weak field case of hexafluorocobaltate(III) ion.
a) What is the oxidation state of each cobalt?b) What do the orbital diagrams look like?c) Are they high spin, low spin or neither?d) What are the hybridized orbitals?
Example – Coordination Chemistry
• The hexacyanoferrate(III) ion is known to have one unpaired electron. Does the cyanide ion produce a strong or weak field?
Example – Coordination Chemistry
• Predict the number of unpaired electrons in the complex ion hexacyanochromate(II).
Example – Coordination Chemistry
• The complex ion hexaaquatitanium(III) absorbs light of wavelength 510 nm and has a reddish-violet color. What is the ligand field splitting in the complex?
Crystal Field TheoryTetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes
Example – Coordination Chemistry
• One method for refining cobalt involves the formation of the complex ion tetrachlorocobaltate(II). This anion is tetrahedral. Is this complex paramagnetic or diamagnetic?
Example – Coordination Chemistry
• Why is it that the tetracyanonickelate(II) ion is diamagnetic, but the tetrachloronickelate(II) ion is paramagnetic?
Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach
45
Applications of Coordination Compounds
• porphyrin
chlorophyll
porphryin
Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular Approach
46
Applications of Coordination Compoundscarbonic anhydrase
cisplatin anticancer drug
