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Chemistry, Chapter 1Intro to Chemistry Matter and ChangeProperties Of Matter
Chemistry
The study of matter and the changes it undergoes
Classifying Matter
Matter- anything that has mass and volume
All matter is composed of tiny moving particles called
atoms = smallest unit of an element that keeps the
properties of that element
All matter can be broken into two categories:
Pure Substances
Mixtures
Pure Substance- substance that has a fixed composition. Can
only be broken down by breaking chemical bonds.
Fixed composition- a substance that has the same
proportion by mass every time. EX: H2O vs H2O2
Element- pure substance made of only one type of atom: EX:
Au, F, Sn, He
Molecule- two or more atoms of the same type bonded
together(H2 , O3)
Compound- substance composed of two or more types of
atoms that are chemically bonded [NaCl, NaHCO3, MgSO4]
Mixtures Mixtures- blend of two or more pure substances-
NOT chemically combined Mixtures do not have a “fixed composition” , the components
of the mixture can be present in any amount.
Can be separated by physical processes
Heterogeneous- not the same throughout, each part has different properties. Ex: Blood( red blood cells, whites blood cells, plasma), sand, concrete, granite
Homogeneous- the same throughout. Ex: sugar dissolved in tea, salt water, air, soda.
Properties of Matter Chemists use characteristic properties of a substance
to:
tell substances apart
Identify substances
separate them from other substances
Certain properties define an entire group of substances-
EX: metals are good conductors of electricity
EX: solid non-metals have low luster
Types of Properties
Extensive- a property that depends on the amountof matter present- think of it this way if an extensive
property changes so does how much matter you have!
EX: volume, mass, length
Intensive- a property that does not depend on the amount of matter present
Ex: density, boiling point, ability to conduct, color, odor, luster, malleability, hardness