CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I.

IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED?

CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION

FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY

SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

MARTINA STANKOVA 1B GROUP 57

SUMMARY

1.Haemoglobin - the unique compound of blood

2.Techniques of blood’s detection

Luminescene

Crystal reaction

Catalytic color reaction

Instrumental reaction

3.Resume of detection techniques

MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57, FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY, SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I.IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED? 2

HAEMOGLOBIN

Structure of human haemoglobin.

MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57, FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY, SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I.IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED?

α protein's subunits

β protein's subunits

iron-containing heme

groups

3

4

TECHNIQUES OF BLOOD’S DETECTION

MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57, FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY, SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I.IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED?

Technique based on

Heme stain

Luminescence Luminol/LumisceneFluorescein

Crystal test Takayama test

Catalytic color test

Leucocrystal violetKastle-Meyer test

Instrumental test

High performance liquid chromatography

Proteins stain

Catalytic test Amido black

CHEMILUMINESCENCE OF LUMINOL

MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57, FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY, SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I.IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED?

+ hν 425 nm

1

5

LUMINOL – EMISSION SPECTRUM

MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57, FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY, SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I.IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED?

Detection of blood using Luminol on crime sceneLuminol emission spectrum : peak at

425 nmHuman eye range : from 380 nm to 780 nm

6

LUMISCENE – IMPROVED LUMINOL

MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57, FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY, SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I.IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED?

Lumiscene’s emisson spectrum – peak at 525 nm

Same reaction but better wavelenght and eye sensitivity

7

Color corresponding to wavelenght of 525 nm

KASTLE-MEYER TEST - PHENOLPHTHALIN

MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57, FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY, SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I.IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED? 8

NEGATIVE/POSITIVE KASTLE-MEYER TEST

MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57, FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY, SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I.IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED? 9

Negative and positive result to presence of blood

RESUME

MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57, FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY, SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I.IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED?

Compound Use Color Sensitivity Persistance Interference Damage

Luminol Reagent for latent bloodstains

Blue glow

0,0001 ml of blood

Photographs should be taken within a few hours

Copper salts, brass, bronze and other similar alloys

No damage

Kastle-Meyer test

Reagent for latent and visible bloodstain

Pink 0,000 001 ml of blood

Immediate change of color

Vegetable peroxidases, copper, nickel salts

Damage of DNA

LCV Latent prints, deposited blood on non-porous surfaces,visible blood prints

Purple 0,001 ml of blood

Immediate change of color

Copper, nickel and other similar salts

Damage of DNA

Takayama test

Reagent for latent bloodstain

Pink crystals

0,001 ml of blood

Formation of crystals

none Damage of DNA

Fluorescein Reagent for latent bloodstains

Greenfluores-cence

0,0001 ml of blood

Photographs should be taken within a few hours

Copper, nickel and other similar salts

No damage

Amido black

Latent prints and to enhance visible blood prints on painted surfaces

Dark blue

0,001 ml of blood

Photographs should be taken within a few hours

Damage of blood sequence

10

Compound Use Color Sensitivity Persistance Interference Damage

Luminol Reagent for latent bloodstains

Blue glow

0,0001 ml of blood

Photographs should be taken within a few hours

Copper salts, brass, bronze and other similar alloys

No damage

Kastle-Meyer test

Reagent for latent bloodstain

Pink 0,000 001 ml of blood

Immediate change of color

Vegetable peroxidases, copper, nickel salts

Damage of DNA

LCV Latent prints, deposited blood on non-porous surfaces,visible blood prints

Purple 0,001 ml of blood

Immediate change of color

Copper, nickel and other similar salts

Damage of DNA

Takayama test

Reagent for latent bloodstain

Pink crystals

0,001 ml of blood

Formation of crystals

None Damage of DNA

Fluorescein Reagent for latent bloodstains

Greenfluores-cence

0,0001 ml of blood

Photographs should be taken within a few hours

Copper, nickel and other similar salts

No damage

Amido black

Latent prints and to enhance visible blood prints on painted surfaces

Dark blue

0,001 ml of blood

Photographs should be taken within a few hours

Damage of DNA

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

QUESTIONS?

MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57, FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY, SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I.IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED? 11

REFERENCES

• Dr R V Winchester, XII-Biotech-A-Blood Detection-6;

• O. Germain, C. Fregeau, and R.M. Fourney, Evaluation of the Effects of Blood Enhancement Chemicals on the Subsequent Short Tandem Repeat DNA Typing Analysis of Blood Fingerprints;

• Shannon M. Casey, Hilary M. Stinnett, Gory Dactyloscopy;

• http://www.evidentcrimescene.com/cata/chem/chem.html

• http://www.lumiscene.com/indexa.html

• http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_ideas/BioChem_p037.shtml

• http://www.inreferencetomurder.com/html/crime_scene.html

MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57, FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY, SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I.IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED? 12