Chemistry in the Community

Section A – Sources and Uses of Water

Unit 1 – Water : Exploring Solutions

Chemistry in the Community

Water Data Table Due Friday

Assignment 1

Read “Fish Kill Triggers....” article pgs 4-5

Summarize article

Theorize cause

Read A.1 Town in Crisis pgs 7-8

Sum up two main questions for Unit 1

A.1 Town in Crisis

Anytown, Planet Earth (Riverwood Fictional example)

1.Can we get enough water to supply our needs?

2.Can we get sufficiently pure water?

The cost of producing 100% pure water is extremely high.

Humans have historically struggled with accessing water supplies.

A.1 Town in Crisis (continued)

Global average water footprint is 1240 m3/yr/cap. In the USA the average water footprint is 2500 m3/yr/cap. In China the average water footprint is 700 m3/yr/cap.

Green means the water footprint is equal to or smaller than the global average. Countries with red have a water footprint beyond the global average. Time Period for data: 1997-2001.

A.2 Uses of Water

Your household Day 1 Day 2 Day 3

Date

# of persons

# of baths

# of showers (ave. duration in minutes)

# of toilet flushes

# of hand-washed loads of dishes

# of machine-washed loads of dishes

# of machine-washed loads of laundry

# of lawn or garden watering (ave. duration in minutes)

# of car washes

# of cups of water (est.) for cooking and drinking

# of times water runs in sink (ave. duration in minutes)

Other uses & frequency

A.4 Water Supply and Demand

U.S. Water supply

A.4 Water Supply and Demand(continued)

Per our book , a U.S. family of 4 (two adults & two children) uses and average of 1480 liters daily.

This represents direct water use that which can be directly measured. Example – consumed by drinking

A.4 Water Supply and Demand(continued)

There is also indirect water use hidden uses of water that are more difficult to measure. Washing a pet is an example of indirect water use. (more difficult to measure, quantify)

A.5 Water Uses in the United States

Percent of Water Used

Region

Purpose Nation East South Midwest West Alaska Hawaii

Domestic 11 15 10 12 10 30 41

Irrigation/agricultural 35 1 19 24 77 0 57

Industry 5 6 7 6 1 4 2

Mining 1 1 0 2 1 55 0

Steam/electric 48 78 63 57 11 11 0

1. For each region in the U.S., name the greatest single use of water.

A.5 Water Uses in the United States

Percent of Water Used

Region

Purpose Nation East South Midwest West Alaska Hawaii

Domestic 11 15 10 12 10 30 41

Irrigation/agricultural 35 1 19 24 77 0 57

Industry 5 6 7 6 1 4 2

Mining 1 1 0 2 1 55 0

Steam/electric 48 78 63 57 11 11 0

2. Explain the difference in how water is used in the East & the West. What other regional factors help explain the general patterns of water use?

A.5 Water Uses in the United States

Percent of Water Used

Region

Purpose Nation East South Midwest West Alaska Hawaii

Domestic 11 15 10 12 10 30 41

Irrigation/agricultural 35 1 19 24 77 0 57

Industry 5 6 7 6 1 4 2

Mining 1 1 0 2 1 55 0

Steam/electric 48 78 63 57 11 11 0

3. List 2 factors within each region that could explain their greatest water use.

A.6 Where is the World’s Water

The hydrological cycle is the name given in nature that involves evaporation, condensation, and precipitation’s effects.

A.6 Where is the World’s Water

Evaporation occurs when the sun shines on wet surfaces.

A.6 Where is the World’s Water

The largest amount of the Earth's water is held in the oceans.

A.6 Where is the World’s Water

Water from the oceans cannot be used without purification because it contains a significant amount of salt.

A.6 Where is the World’s Water

Distillation is not used to purify most tap water because the process is too expensive.

A.6 Where is the World’s Water

A.6 Where is the World’s Water

Earth’s Water Distribution

A.6 Where is the World’s Water

Rivers, lakes, and streams are examples of surface water.

A.6 Where is the World’s Water

Most of the Earth's supply of fresh water is found in glaciers/ice caps.

A.6 Where is the World’s Water

Glaciers/ice caps are the reservoir which can provide us with the highest purity water.

A.6 Where is the World’s Water

Porous rocks that contain water are commonly used as a water-supply in rural areas and are referred to as aquifers.

Sandstone ~10% porosity

A.6 Where is the World’s Water

Aquifers – N.E.

FWIW Sole Source aquifer means that is the ONLY source for that area

A.6 Where is the World’s Water

The best source of water for a home in a rural location that is far from lakes or rivers is groundwater.

A.8 Water Use1) List three water uses that you could do

without.

A.8 Water Use(continued)

2) List one activity that you could not do without.

A.8 Water Use(continued)

3) For which tasks could you reduce your water use? How?

A.8 Water Use(continued)

4) Impurities added by using water for one particular use may not prevent its reuse for other purposes. For example you might decide to save hand-washing water and use it later to bathe your dog.a) For which activities could you use such impure water?

b) From which prior uses could this water be taken?