Chemistry Name __________________________

Hour _______

Chemistry

Approximate Timeline

Students are expected to keep up with class work when absent.

CHAPTER 3 – CHEMICAL FOUNDATIONS: ELEMENTS, ATOMS, AND IONS

Day Plans for the day Assignment(s) for the day

1 Begin Chapter 3

3.1 – The Elements

3.2 – Atoms and Compounds

Assignment 3.0

Assignment 3.1

Read Experiment 11 – Aluminum Atoms

2 Discuss Experiment 11 – Aluminum

Atoms

Assignment 3.2

3 Perform Experiment 11 – Aluminum

Atoms

Read section(s) 3.3

4 Quiz 3.1 – Elements, Atoms, &

Compounds

3.3 – Atomic Structure

Assignment 3.3

Read section(s) 3.4 – 3.5

5 3.4 – Using the Periodic Table

3.5 – Ions and Their Compounds

Assignment 3.4

6 Quiz 3.2 – The Periodic Table, Ions &

Their Compounds

Demonstration of Experiment 14 –

Electric Solutions

Assignment 3.5

7 Work on Assignment 3.6 Assignment 3.6

8 Grade and discuss Assignment 3.6

Review for Chapter 3 Test

9 Chapter 3 Test

Chemistry Name __________________________

Hour _______

Study Guides

Chapter 3 Quizzes

Quiz 3.1 The Elements 1. Know how “element symbols” are written.

2. Cite three examples of elements whose symbol is only one letter.

3. Cite three examples of elements whose symbol is the first two letters of the element

name.

4. Cite three examples of elements whose symbol is NOT the first two letters of the element

name.

Quiz 3.2 Atoms & Compounds 5. What information is given in a “chemical formula”?

6. A ___ is a substance composed of two or more elements.

7. What is a “subscript”?

Quiz 3.3 Atomic Structure 8. Who is credited with discovering the electron? (last name only)

9. Who is credited with discovering the structure of the atom? (last name only)

10. Know the name, charge and location of the three different “sub-atomic” particles.

11. Define the term “isotope”.

12. Know the information contained in the nuclear symbol of an isotope.

13. Determine the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom given its nuclear

symbol.

Quiz 3.4 Using the Periodic Table 14. Understand the information given in each “box” on the periodic table.

15. Know the generic name given to vertical columns on the periodic table.

16. Know the generic name given to horizontal rows on the periodic table.

17. Know the location of the following groups of elements on the periodic table.

a. the metals

b. the nonmetals

c. the metalloids (semi-metals)

d. the halogens

e. the alkaline earth metals

f. the noble gases

g. the alkali metals

2. Metals tend to form which type of ion (anion or cation)?

3. Nonmetals tend to form which type of ion (anion or cation)?

Quiz 3.5 Ions & Their Compounds 18. Define the term “ion”.

19. Know how positive ions are formed and the generic name given to all positive ions.

20. Know how negative ions are formed and the generic name given to all negative ions.

21. Write the chemical formula of a compound formed when two ions combine.

Study Guide

Chapter 3 Test

At the completion of chapter 3 you should…

1. Know the definitions of the following terms.

a. Atoms

b. Compound

c. Chemical Formula

d. Electron

e. Proton

f. Neutron

g. Nucleus

h. Isotopes

i. Atomic Number

j. Mass Number

k. Periodic Table

l. Groups

m. Period

n. Metals

o. Nonmetals

p. Metalloids (semimetals)

q. Diatomic Molecules

r. Ion

s. Anion

t. Cation

2. Be able to state the four points of Dalton’s Atomic Theory as they were originally stated

and as they are currently stated.

3. Understand the way chemical formulas are written.

4. Understand and explain the significance of Thomson’s Experiment.

5. Understand and explain the significance of Rutherford’s Experiment.

6. Understand nuclear symbols.

7. Identify the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a given isotope.

8. Understand how the elements are arranged on the periodic table.

9. Know the names of important groups of elements on the periodic table.

10. Understand the difference between anions and cations and how they are formed.

11. Understand how the charge of an ion is calculated.

12. Be able to write chemical formulas for compounds that contain ions.

Chemistry Name __________________________

Hour _______

Assignment 3.0 – Vocabulary (2 pages)

Define each of the following terms.

1. Atoms

2. Compound

3. Chemical Formula

4. Electron

5. Proton

6. Neutron

7. Nucleus

8. Isotopes

9. Atomic Number

10. Mass Number

11. Periodic Table

12. Groups

13. Period

14. Metals

15. Nonmetals

16. Metalloids (semimetals)

17. Diatomic Molecules

18. Ion

19. Anion

20. Cation

Chemistry Name __________________________

Hour _______

Assignment 3.1 – The Elements (2 pages)

1) A) How many of the Top Ten elements in the human body are also Top Ten elements in

the earth’s crust, oceans, and atmosphere? (see page 51) B) What are these elements?

2) Make a list of elements that you think were named for a place.

3) Give the symbol for each of the given elements.

A) Aluminum ____________

B) sodium ____________

C) mercury ____________

D) helium ____________

E) oxygen ____________

F) potassium ____________

4) Give the name for each of the given symbols.

A) Ca ________________________

B) P ________________________

C) S ________________________

D) Si ________________________

E) Mg ________________________

F) C ________________________

5) The graph below shows the mass percentages of the six most abundant elements in the

human body. Use this graph to answer the following questions.

A) What is the fourth most abundant element by mass in the human body?

B) Which element is almost twice as abundant by mass as hydrogen in the human

body?

C) What percentage of the human body is NOT made up of oxygen, carbon, or

hydrogen?

Oxygen, 65.0%

Carbon, 18.0%

Hydrogen, 10.0%

Nitrogen, 3.0% Calcium, 1.4% Phosphorus,

1.0% Others,

1.6%

Chemistry Name __________________________

Hour _______

Assignment 3.2 – Atoms & Compounds

1) List the four points of Dalton’s Atomic Theory.

2) A) Did Dalton’s model of the atom include protons, neutrons, and electrons? B) Explain.

3) What information is given in a chemical formula?

4) Write the formulas for each of the following substances, listing the elements in the order

given.

A) A molecule containing two hydrogen atoms, one sulfur atom, and four oxygen

atoms.

B) List the hydrogen first

C) A molecule containing one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms.

D) List the carbon first.

E) A molecule containing one sulfur atom and five fluorine atoms.

F)

O O

O

O C

H O O

H

Chemistry Name __________________________

Hour _______

Assignment 3.3 – Atomic Structure (2 pages)

1) Complete the following table.

Symbol # of

Protons # of Neutrons # of Electrons

29 36

21 18

2) Write the nuclear symbol for each of the following.

A) A sodium atom with a mass of 24.

B) A carbon atom with a mass of 13.

C) A chlorine atom with a mass of 37.

D) A magnesium atom that has 12 neutrons.

E) A bromine atom that has 45 neutrons.

F) A hydrogen atom that has 2 neutrons.

3) In two isotopes of the same element, which of the following would be the same and

which would be different? (circle one)

A) atomic number Same Different

B) number of protons Same Different

C) number of neutrons Same Different

D) number of electrons Same Different

E) element symbol Same Different

Chemistry Name __________________________

Hour _______

Assignment 3.4 – Using the Periodic Table

1) To what does the term periodic in “periodic table” refer?

2) Why are the elements in vertical groups on the periodic table called “families”?

3) What does the “stair-step” line on the periodic table tell you?

4) What does the term “noble” mean when referring to the noble gases?

5) Which elements exist naturally as diatomic molecules? Write their formulas.

6) Which elements are gases at 25°C? Write their formulas.

7) Complete the table below.

Name Symbol Atomic

Number

Metal or

Nonmetal

Chemical

Family

Sodium

F

4

Calcium

47

8) Which two elements are liquids at 25°C?

Chemistry Name __________________________

Hour _______

Assignment 3.5 – Ions & Their Compounds

1) Why does an atom have a net charge of zero?

2) A) What is the name given to all negative ions? _________________

B) What is the name given to all positive ions? _________________

3) Give the formulas for the compounds that contain the following pairs of ions.

A) Al 3+

and Cl-

B) K+ and O

2-

C) Ca2+

and S2-

D) Sr2+

and F-

E) Mg2+

and N3-

F) Li+ and Br

-

G) Be2+

and Se2-

Chemistry Name __________________________

Hour _______

Assignment 3.6 – Chapter Review (6 pages)

1) Give the chemical symbol for each of the following elements.

A) neon

B) nickel

C) potassium

D) silicon

E) barium

F) silver

2) What is a compound?

3) Write the formula for each of the following substances, listing the elements in the order

given.

A) List the phosphorus atom first.

B) A molecule containing two boron atoms and six hydrogen atoms.

C) A compound containing one calcium atom for every two chlorine atoms.

D) List the carbon first.

E) A compound containing two iron atoms for every three oxygen atoms.

F) A molecule containing three hydrogen atoms, one phosphorus atom, and four

oxygen atoms.

P

Cl

Cl

Cl

Br

C

Br

Br

Br

4) Answer the following.

A) Do the proton and the neutron have exactly the same mass?

B) How do the masses of the proton and the neutron compare with the mass of the

electron?

C) Which particles make the greatest contribution to the mass of an atom?

D) Which particles make the greatest contribution to the chemical properties of the

atom?

5) Although the nucleus of an atom is very important, it is the ___ of the atom that

determine its chemical properties.

6) True or false? Atoms that have the same number of neutrons but different numbers of

protons are called isotopes.

7) True or false? The mass number of a nucleus represents the number of protons in the

nucleus.

8) How was Dalton’s atomic theory modified after the discovery of isotopes?

9) A) Are all atoms of the same element identical? B) If not, how do they differ?

Chemistry Name __________________________

Hour _______

10) Write the nuclear symbol, , for each of the isotopes described below.

A) Z = 8, # of neutrons = 9

B) the isotope of chlorine with A = 37

C) Z = 27, A = 60

D) # of protons = 26, # of neutrons = 31

E) the isotope of iodine with a mass number of 131

F) Z = 3, # of neutrons = 4

11) Complete the following table.

Name Nuclear Symbol Atomic # Mass # # of Neutrons

sodium 11 23

lithium 6

boron 5 11

12) List the characteristic physical properties that distinguish metallic elements from

nonmetallic elements.

13) Under ordinary conditions, only a few pure elements occur as liquids. Give one example

of a metallic element and one nonmetallic element that ordinarily are liquids.

A) metal:

B) nonmetal:

14) Write the group number and the family name to which each of the following elements

belongs.

A) iodine

B) Ca

C) Na

D) lithium

E) Kr

F) sodium

G) Ne

15) Give three examples of gaseous elements that exist as diatomic molecules.

16) Give three examples of gaseous elements that exist as single atoms.

Chemistry Name __________________________

Hour _______

17) Complete the following tables.

A)

B)

18) For each of the following atomic numbers, use the periodic table to write the formula

(including the charge) for the simple ion that element is most likely to form.

A) 53

B) 38

C) 55

D) 88

E) 9

F) 13

Cation # of protons # of electrons Formula with O2-

K+

Co2+

Al3+

Anion # of protons # of electrons Formula with Ca2+

Cl-

S2-

P3-

19) Use the concept that a chemical compound must have a net charge of zero to predict the

formula of the simplest compound that the following pairs of ions are most likely to form.

A) Fe3+

and P3-

B) Fe3+

and S2-

C) Fe3+

and Cl-

D) Mg2+

and Cl-

E) Mg2+

and O2-

F) Mg2+

andN3-

G) Na+ and P

3-

H) Na+ and S

2-