71
Chen Tian-ming Chen Tian-ming 非非非非非 非非非非非 - - 非非非 非非非 ( Infinitive ) ( Infinitive )

Chen Tian-ming

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

Chen Tian-ming. 非谓语动词 - 不定式 ( Infinitive ). 学习非谓语动词要掌握两个概念: A. 非限定动词的动作意义; B. 非限定动词的形式。. 任何一个动词都可能有不同形式的非限定动词的形式;但是无论这个动词写成哪一种非限定动词形式,它表示的意义是不会改变的。那么在决定使用它的哪一种形式之前,我们必须首先判断它或者与它构成的短语在句中的语法成分;再根据它在这种特定语言环境中的意义去决定它的恰当形式。. 1. 掌握几种非限定动词形式之间的主要区别。. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Citation preview

Page 1: Chen Tian-ming

Chen Tian-mingChen Tian-ming

非谓语动词非谓语动词 -- 不定式 不定式  ( Infinitive )( Infinitive )

Page 2: Chen Tian-ming

• 学习非谓语动词要掌握两个概念:学习非谓语动词要掌握两个概念: A.A. 非限非限定动词的动作意义;定动词的动作意义; B.B. 非限定动词的形式。非限定动词的形式。

Page 3: Chen Tian-ming

• 任何一个动词都可能有不同形式的非限定动任何一个动词都可能有不同形式的非限定动词的形式;但是无论这个动词写成哪一种非词的形式;但是无论这个动词写成哪一种非限定动词形式,它表示的意义是不会改变的。限定动词形式,它表示的意义是不会改变的。那么在决定使用它的哪一种形式之前,我们那么在决定使用它的哪一种形式之前,我们必须首先判断它或者与它构成的短语在句中必须首先判断它或者与它构成的短语在句中的语法成分;再根据它在这种特定语言环境的语法成分;再根据它在这种特定语言环境中的意义去决定它的恰当形式。中的意义去决定它的恰当形式。

Page 4: Chen Tian-ming

• 1. 1. 掌握几种非限定动词形式之间的主要区掌握几种非限定动词形式之间的主要区别。别。

Page 5: Chen Tian-ming

• 非限定动词的形式主要有三种:不定式、非限定动词的形式主要有三种:不定式、分词和动名词。有时,这三种形式都可以分词和动名词。有时,这三种形式都可以充当同一个句子成分,如:它们都可以作充当同一个句子成分,如:它们都可以作定语、表语,又如:不定式和动名词都可定语、表语,又如:不定式和动名词都可以作主语、宾语;不定式和分词都可以作以作主语、宾语;不定式和分词都可以作状语、宾语补足语,等等。 状语、宾语补足语,等等。

Page 6: Chen Tian-ming

• 即使是同一种非限定动词形式,各自也有不同即使是同一种非限定动词形式,各自也有不同的形式,如:主动式、被动式;一般式、进行的形式,如:主动式、被动式;一般式、进行式、完成式,等等。因此,不了解这些非限定式、完成式,等等。因此,不了解这些非限定动词形式之间的主要区别,就无法正确使用非动词形式之间的主要区别,就无法正确使用非限定动词。当然这些区别中,有些是因为语言限定动词。当然这些区别中,有些是因为语言规则和习惯确定的;但很多却是由于意义和逻规则和习惯确定的;但很多却是由于意义和逻辑而决定的辑而决定的 ..

Page 7: Chen Tian-ming

• 2. 2. 着眼于意义,使用正确的非限定动词形着眼于意义,使用正确的非限定动词形式。式。

Page 8: Chen Tian-ming

• 着眼于意义的作用在于,去解决那些由于着眼于意义的作用在于,去解决那些由于意义和逻辑而决定的区别问题。如上所述意义和逻辑而决定的区别问题。如上所述 ,,在决定使用一个动词的哪一种非限定动词在决定使用一个动词的哪一种非限定动词形式之前,我们必须首先判断它或者与它形式之前,我们必须首先判断它或者与它构成的短语在句中的语法成分; 构成的短语在句中的语法成分;

Page 9: Chen Tian-ming

• 再根据它在这种特定语言环境中的意义去再根据它在这种特定语言环境中的意义去看它与其相关词所构成的关系;经过对这看它与其相关词所构成的关系;经过对这种关系的分析后,就可以决定它的非限定种关系的分析后,就可以决定它的非限定动词形式了。 动词形式了。

Page 10: Chen Tian-ming

• 用所给动词的恰当形式完成下面各句:用所给动词的恰当形式完成下面各句:1) She wanted the work _____ (complete) by Fri1) She wanted the work _____ (complete) by Friday.day.2) She wanted us _____ ( complete ) the wok by 2) She wanted us _____ ( complete ) the wok by Friday.Friday.3) We extended a warm welcome to his _____ (c3) We extended a warm welcome to his _____ (come) to our party.ome) to our party.4) She looked _____ (disappoint) after she lost t4) She looked _____ (disappoint) after she lost the game.he game.

Page 11: Chen Tian-ming

• 1) She wanted the work to be 1) She wanted the work to be completed by Fridaycompleted by Friday2) She wanted us to complete the 2) She wanted us to complete the wok by Friday. wok by Friday.

Page 12: Chen Tian-ming

• 33 )) We extended a warm welcome to hiWe extended a warm welcome to his coming to our party .s coming to our party .我们对他来参加我们的聚会表示了热情的我们对他来参加我们的聚会表示了热情的欢迎。(代词的所有格作动名词的修饰欢迎。(代词的所有格作动名词的修饰语)语)44 )) She looked disappointed after she lShe looked disappointed after she lost the game.ost the game. 输掉那场比赛后,她看上去输掉那场比赛后,她看上去很失望。 很失望。

Page 13: Chen Tian-ming

• 1. 1. 不定式 不定式 ( Infinitive )( Infinitive )从本节开始,和接下来的两节,我们要就这从本节开始,和接下来的两节,我们要就这类类 "" 不能独立地在句中充当谓语的动词或动词不能独立地在句中充当谓语的动词或动词形式形式 "" 分别地进行讨论。这类动词和由它们所分别地进行讨论。这类动词和由它们所构成的动词短语有这样几个共同的特征:构成的动词短语有这样几个共同的特征:

Page 14: Chen Tian-ming

• # # 它们都是从动词变过来的,虽不能独立它们都是从动词变过来的,虽不能独立地在句子里担当谓语,却可以直接充当地在句子里担当谓语,却可以直接充当(除谓语外)其他各种成分,如:主语,(除谓语外)其他各种成分,如:主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,补足语等。也宾语,表语,定语,状语,补足语等。也就是说,它们可以起名词、形容词、副词就是说,它们可以起名词、形容词、副词等作用。等作用。

Page 15: Chen Tian-ming

• 由于它们都是从动词变过来的,所以它们由于它们都是从动词变过来的,所以它们依然保留着依然保留着 "" 动词的某些特征动词的某些特征 "--"-- 它们可以它们可以带有自己的宾语、状语。带有自己的宾语、状语。我们先讨论一下不定式的句法功能,既不我们先讨论一下不定式的句法功能,既不定式在句子中能担当那些句子成分。定式在句子中能担当那些句子成分。

Page 16: Chen Tian-ming

• 11 )主语)主语不定式作主语所表达的主要意思是不定式作主语所表达的主要意思是 "" (要(要是去)做某事……是去)做某事…… "" 。那就是说,它尽管。那就是说,它尽管在此间相当于名词、代词的作用,但是它在此间相当于名词、代词的作用,但是它的动作意义却依然很强。 的动作意义却依然很强。

Page 17: Chen Tian-ming

•另外,在正式的书面文体中,如果是不定另外,在正式的书面文体中,如果是不定式作句子的主语,那么要将不定式后置,式作句子的主语,那么要将不定式后置,而用引导词而用引导词 it it 来取代它的来取代它的 "" 主语位置主语位置 "" 。。 IIt t 在句中没有任何意义,是句子的在句中没有任何意义,是句子的 "" 形式主形式主语语 "" ;真正的;真正的 "" 逻辑主语逻辑主语 "" 还是不定式。例还是不定式。例如:如:

Page 18: Chen Tian-ming

• To get there by air will take you only aboTo get there by air will take you only about two hours.ut two hours.乘飞机去那儿记将只花你两个小时。乘飞机去那儿记将只花你两个小时。It will take you only about tow hours to gIt will take you only about tow hours to get there by air.et there by air.乘飞机去那儿记将只花你两个时。乘飞机去那儿记将只花你两个时。

Page 19: Chen Tian-ming

• To do it once more needs time .To do it once more needs time . 将这件事将这件事再做一遍需要时间。再做一遍需要时间。It needs time to do it once more. It needs time to do it once more. 将这件将这件事再做一遍需要时间。事再做一遍需要时间。

Page 20: Chen Tian-ming

•另外,如果要说明不定式短语的另外,如果要说明不定式短语的 "" 逻辑主逻辑主语语 "" 是谁,可在不定式前面加是谁,可在不定式前面加 forfor 引导的短引导的短语;在某些形容词作表语时,则要用以语;在某些形容词作表语时,则要用以 ofof引导的短语(这类形容词常见的有:引导的短语(这类形容词常见的有: kind , kind , good , nice , wise , unwise , clever , silly , good , nice , wise , unwise , clever , silly , wrong , right , foolish , stupid , careless , wrong , right , foolish , stupid , careless , considerate , rude , naughty , impoliteconsiderate , rude , naughty , impolite )。)。

Page 21: Chen Tian-ming

• It is difficult for him to finish the work wiIt is difficult for him to finish the work within one week. thin one week. 让他在一周内完成这件工作是很困难的。 让他在一周内完成这件工作是很困难的。 It is a pleasure for us to take part in the cIt is a pleasure for us to take part in the conference. onference. 对我们来说,参加这个会议是件快事。对我们来说,参加这个会议是件快事。

Page 22: Chen Tian-ming

• It is very kind of you to have given us so It is very kind of you to have given us so much help .much help .你给予我们这么多的帮助,真难为你了。你给予我们这么多的帮助,真难为你了。It is foolish of them to turn down the proIt is foolish of them to turn down the proposal .posal .他们拒不采纳那个建议是愚昧的。 他们拒不采纳那个建议是愚昧的。

Page 23: Chen Tian-ming

• 2) 2) 表语表语不定式作表语所表达的主要意思是不定式作表语所表达的主要意思是 "" 说明说明或解释主语(要去)做什么事或解释主语(要去)做什么事 "" 。例如:。例如:Her best wish is to put her knowledge intHer best wish is to put her knowledge into practice.o practice.她最大的愿望是将自己的知识用于实践。她最大的愿望是将自己的知识用于实践。

Page 24: Chen Tian-ming

•His plan is to make a reform in their teacHis plan is to make a reform in their teaching methodology. hing methodology. 他的计划是要对他们的教学方法进行改革。他的计划是要对他们的教学方法进行改革。

They appear to have accomplished their They appear to have accomplished their experiment. experiment. 他们似乎已成功地做完了试验。他们似乎已成功地做完了试验。

Page 25: Chen Tian-ming

• 3) 3) 宾语宾语不定式可作及物动词的宾语,也可作介词不定式可作及物动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语;这类及物动词常见的有:的宾语;这类及物动词常见的有:

Page 26: Chen Tian-ming

• advise (advise ( 忠告忠告 ) , agree () , agree ( 同意同意 ) , ask () , ask ( 请、请、要要 ) , attempt () , attempt ( 试图试图 ) , begin () , begin ( 开始开始 ) , car) , care (e ( 想要想要 ) , choose () , choose ( 决定、要决定、要 ) continue ) continue ((继续继续 ) , decide () , decide ( 决定决定 ) , desire () , desire ( 希望希望 ) , d) , determine (etermine ( 决心决心 ) , expect () , expect ( 期望期望 ) , forget ) , forget ((忘记忘记 ) , fail () , fail ( 未能未能 ) , hate () , hate ( 不喜欢不喜欢 ) , hop) , hope (e ( 希望希望 ) , intend () , intend ( 打算打算 ) , ) ,

Page 27: Chen Tian-ming

• like (like ( 喜欢喜欢 ) , manage () , manage ( 设法设法 ) , mean () , mean ( 打打算算 ) offer () offer ( 愿意愿意 ) , plan () , plan ( 计划、打算计划、打算 ) , pre) , prefer (fer ( 宁愿宁愿 ) , pretend () , pretend ( 假装假装 ) , refuse () , refuse ( 拒绝、拒绝、谢绝谢绝 ) , show () , show ( 演示演示 ) , start () , start ( 开始开始 ) , tell ) , tell ((告诉告诉 ) , teach () , teach ( 教教 ) , try () , try ( 尽力尽力 ) , underta) , undertake (ke ( 保证、担保保证、担保 ) , volunteer () , volunteer ( 自愿自愿 ) , wan) , want (t ( 想要想要 ) , wish () , wish ( 希望希望 )) 等等 等等

Page 28: Chen Tian-ming

•例如: 例如: She learned to cook when she was young .She learned to cook when she was young .她年青的时候就学会做饭了。她年青的时候就学会做饭了。His father promised to take him to Italy thiHis father promised to take him to Italy this summer. s summer. 他父亲答应今年夏天带他去意大利。他父亲答应今年夏天带他去意大利。

Page 29: Chen Tian-ming

• The girl showed us how to dance disco. The girl showed us how to dance disco. 那位女孩给我们演示怎样跳迪斯科。那位女孩给我们演示怎样跳迪斯科。I didn't expect to win the first place in thI didn't expect to win the first place in the competition. e competition. 我没想到会在比赛中获得第一名的。我没想到会在比赛中获得第一名的。

Page 30: Chen Tian-ming

• They undertook to finish the work by MoThey undertook to finish the work by Monday. nday. 他们保证在星期一以前完成工作。他们保证在星期一以前完成工作。He didn't know whether to laugh or to crHe didn't know whether to laugh or to cry when he heard the news. y when he heard the news. 他听到那个消息啼笑皆非。 他听到那个消息啼笑皆非。 I'd like to advise you what to do. I'd like to advise you what to do. 我要给我要给你出主意怎么办。你出主意怎么办。

Page 31: Chen Tian-ming

• 4) 4) 定语定语英文中有很多名词能用不定式来作它们的定英文中有很多名词能用不定式来作它们的定语,这些名词的语,这些名词的 "" 动词或形容词形式动词或形容词形式 "" 后也常后也常接不定式。这种情况可参照上面列举的接不定式。这种情况可参照上面列举的 ""常常用不定式作宾语的动词用不定式作宾语的动词 "" 情况。例如:情况。例如:

Page 32: Chen Tian-ming

•He agreed ( v. )to join us .He agreed ( v. )to join us . 他同意和我们一他同意和我们一起干。起干。We reached an agreement ( n. ) to the woWe reached an agreement ( n. ) to the work together .rk together . 我们达成协议共同干这工作。我们达成协议共同干这工作。She is able ( adj. ) to speak four languageShe is able ( adj. ) to speak four languages .s . 她能讲四种语言。她能讲四种语言。She has an ability ( n.) to speak four langShe has an ability ( n.) to speak four languages .uages . 她有讲四种语言的能力。 她有讲四种语言的能力。

Page 33: Chen Tian-ming

• They plan ( v. ) to develop a new product They plan ( v. ) to develop a new product .. 他们计划研制一种新产品。他们计划研制一种新产品。They made a plan ( n. ) to develop a new They made a plan ( n. ) to develop a new product .product . 他们制订了一个研制新产品的计他们制订了一个研制新产品的计划。划。

Page 34: Chen Tian-ming

• 了解了上述情况后,我们再来看看那些常了解了上述情况后,我们再来看看那些常见的,能用不定式来作它们定语的名词有见的,能用不定式来作它们定语的名词有哪些:哪些:

Page 35: Chen Tian-ming

• ability (ability ( 能力,可能能力,可能 ) , agreement () , agreement ( 同意同意 ) , ) , ambition (ambition (雄心,野心雄心,野心 ) , attempt () , attempt (试,企试,企图图 ) , anything () , anything ( 任何事任何事 ) , anybody () , anybody ( 任何任何人人 ) , a great deal () , a great deal ( 许多东西许多东西 ) , anxiety () , anxiety (焦焦急的心情急的心情 ) , campaign () , campaign (运动,活动运动,活动 ) , chan) , chance (ce (机会机会 ) , claim () , claim ( 要求,主张要求,主张 ) , courage ) , courage ((勇气勇气 ) , decision () , decision ( 决定决定 ) , determination ) , determination (( 决心决心 ) , effort () , effort (努力努力 ) , exercise () , exercise (练习练习 ) , ea) , eagerness (gerness (急切的心情急切的心情 ) , failure () , failure ( 失败失败 ) , hop) , hope (e (希望希望 ) , item () , item ( 节目节目 ) , intention () , intention ( 意图意图 ) , ) ,

Page 36: Chen Tian-ming

• man (man (人人 ) , motive force () , motive force ( 动力动力 ) , meeting () , meeting ( 会会议议 ) , nobody () , nobody ( 无人无人 ) , nothing () , nothing ( 无事无事 ) , need ) , need ((需要需要 ) , offer () , offer (提供、建议提供、建议 ) , opportunity() , opportunity(机机会会 ) , person () , person (人人 ) , plan () , plan (计划计划 ) , promise () , promise (允允诺诺 ) , room () , room (房间房间 ) , right () , right (权力权力 ) , refusal () , refusal (拒拒绝、谢绝绝、谢绝 ) , seat () , seat (座位座位 ) , someone () , someone ( 某人某人 ) , so) , something (mething ( 某事某事 ) , struggle () , struggle (斗争斗争 ) , time () , time ( 时时间间 ) , thing () , thing (事情事情 ) , way () , way (方法方法 ) , wish () , wish (希望希望 ))等等。 等等。

Page 37: Chen Tian-ming

•另外,序数词另外,序数词 first first ,, second second 等以及等以及 lastlast ,,bestbest ,, only only 等词也常用不定式来作它们等词也常用不定式来作它们的定语。的定语。

Page 38: Chen Tian-ming

• 5) 5) 状语状语不定式作状语时,往往是接在不及物动词不定式作状语时,往往是接在不及物动词的后面,修饰谓语动词;表示谓语动作发的后面,修饰谓语动词;表示谓语动作发生的。生的。AA )目的、)目的、 BB )结果、)结果、 CC )原因、)原因、 DD)程)程度,等等。例如:度,等等。例如:

Page 39: Chen Tian-ming

• AA )作目的状语)作目的状语She came to see me yesterday .She came to see me yesterday . 她昨天来她昨天来看我了。看我了。He has been to New Zealand to have his He has been to New Zealand to have his further study. further study. 他曾去新西兰深造过。他曾去新西兰深造过。

Page 40: Chen Tian-ming

• The man has to do some part-time jobs in The man has to do some part-time jobs in his spare time so as to support his family .his spare time so as to support his family .那人为了养家不得不在业余时间做些另活。那人为了养家不得不在业余时间做些另活。You should study even harder in order to bYou should study even harder in order to be a top student.e a top student.要当尖子学生,你应更加努力学习。要当尖子学生,你应更加努力学习。

Page 41: Chen Tian-ming

• BB )作结果状语)作结果状语He dwelled so much on the problem onlHe dwelled so much on the problem only to show his unawareness of the solutioy to show his unawareness of the solution to it.n to it.他在这个问题上说了这么一大些,只能暴他在这个问题上说了这么一大些,只能暴露出他对解决问题的办法一无所知。 露出他对解决问题的办法一无所知。

Page 42: Chen Tian-ming

• They were too excited to say a word .They were too excited to say a word . 他们他们太激动了以至说不出一句话来了。太激动了以至说不出一句话来了。What she has said to make you so sad? What she has said to make you so sad? 她她说了些什么让你如此伤心?说了些什么让你如此伤心?I returned home that day to find that everytI returned home that day to find that everything was being in good order .hing was being in good order . 那天我回到家那天我回到家却发现一切会那么井井有条。却发现一切会那么井井有条。

Page 43: Chen Tian-ming

• CC )作原因状语)作原因状语I am sorry to hear that.I am sorry to hear that. 听到这事我很难过。听到这事我很难过。

They were surprised to find that nobody They were surprised to find that nobody was in the house. was in the house. 发现屋子里空无一人,他们很奇怪。发现屋子里空无一人,他们很奇怪。

Page 44: Chen Tian-ming

• To see him behaved in that way, I would To see him behaved in that way, I would think that he must have got something think that he must have got something wrong with himself .wrong with himself .看到他这样的行为,我想他肯定有点不对看到他这样的行为,我想他肯定有点不对劲。劲。

Page 45: Chen Tian-ming

•D) D) 作程度状语作程度状语She wouldn't be so silly to say that .She wouldn't be so silly to say that . 她不她不会傻得去说那件事的。会傻得去说那件事的。He was so rude to show the lady his pantHe was so rude to show the lady his pants.s.他粗鲁得将他的短裤给那位妇女看。他粗鲁得将他的短裤给那位妇女看。

Page 46: Chen Tian-ming

• 6)6) 补足语补足语不定式作补足语主要是指不定式作补足语主要是指 ---- 不定式在某些不定式在某些动词后面作宾语补足语;当这种含不定式动词后面作宾语补足语;当这种含不定式作宾语补足语的句子写成被动结构时,原作宾语补足语的句子写成被动结构时,原句中的句中的 "" 宾语补足语宾语补足语 "" 就变成被动句中就变成被动句中的的 "" 主语补足语主语补足语 "" 了。在不定式作宾语补足了。在不定式作宾语补足语的结构中,有两种情况:语的结构中,有两种情况:

Page 47: Chen Tian-ming

• AA )常见的用)常见的用 "" 带带 toto 的不定式作宾语补足的不定式作宾语补足语语 "" 的及物动词有:的及物动词有:advise (advise ( 劝告劝告 ) , ask () , ask ( 请、要请、要 ) , allow() , allow( 允许、允许、让让 ) , beg() , beg( 请求请求 ) , cause () , cause ( 使使 ) , command ) , command ((命令命令 ) , compel () , compel ( 强迫强迫 ) , encourage () , encourage ( 鼓鼓励励 ) , expect () , expect ( 预料预料 ) , ) ,

Page 48: Chen Tian-ming

• orce (orce ( 迫使迫使 ) get () get ( 让让 ) , hate () , hate ( 不喜欢不喜欢 ) , hel) , help (p ( 帮助帮助 ) , invite () , invite ( 邀请邀请 ) , intend () , intend ( 想要想要 ) , i) , instruct (nstruct ( 指令指令 ) , leave () , leave ( 留给留给 ) , like () , like ( 喜喜欢欢 ) , oblige () , oblige ( 迫使迫使 ) , order () , order ( 命令命令 ) , permi) , permit (t ( 允许允许 ) , ) ,

Page 49: Chen Tian-ming

• persuade (persuade ( 劝说劝说 ) , prefer () , prefer ( 宁愿宁愿 ) , press ) , press ((强求强求 ) , remind () , remind ( 提醒提醒 ) , request () , request ( 要求要求 ) , ) , urge (urge ( 催促催促 ) , warn () , warn ( 警告警告 ) , want () , want ( 想要想要 ) , ) , wish (wish ( 希望希望 ) )

Page 50: Chen Tian-ming

•另外,还有某些短语的后面也可以用这样的复另外,还有某些短语的后面也可以用这样的复合宾语,这样的成语动词常见的有:合宾语,这样的成语动词常见的有:call on (call on (号召号召 ), count on (), count on (仰仗仰仗 ) , depend on ) , depend on (( 依靠依靠 ) , long for () , long for (渴望渴望 ) , prevail upon () , prevail upon ( 说说服服 ) , rely on () , rely on ( 依靠依靠 ) , vote for () , vote for (投票投票 ) , wait f) , wait for (or ( 等待等待 ) ) 。例:。例:

Page 51: Chen Tian-ming

• I didn't mean you to hear it .I didn't mean you to hear it . 我没打算让你听我没打算让你听到这事。 到这事。 He would not like her to go with him .He would not like her to go with him . 他不他不愿意她和他一块去。愿意她和他一块去。Don't allow him to come in at this moment.Don't allow him to come in at this moment.不要让他在这会儿进来。不要让他在这会儿进来。Tom will get someone to repair your video-rTom will get someone to repair your video-recorder.ecorder.汤姆将找人给你修录像机。汤姆将找人给你修录像机。

Page 52: Chen Tian-ming

• Please remind me to post the letter this Please remind me to post the letter this afternoon.afternoon. 请提醒我下午把信寄出去。请提醒我下午把信寄出去。The students are waiting for the library tThe students are waiting for the library to open.o open. 学生们在等候图书馆开放。学生们在等候图书馆开放。They'll vote for Little Bush to be PresideThey'll vote for Little Bush to be President.nt. 他们将选小布什当总统。他们将选小布什当总统。I prevailed him to reconsider his decisioI prevailed him to reconsider his decision. n. 我说服他重新考虑他作的决定。我说服他重新考虑他作的决定。

Page 53: Chen Tian-ming

• BB )不带)不带 toto 的不定式作宾语补足语常见的,的不定式作宾语补足语常见的,用用 "" 不带不带 toto 的不定式作宾语补足语的不定式作宾语补足语 "" 的及物动的及物动词有:词有:feel (feel (感到感到 ) , hear () , hear (听到听到 ) , have () , have (让、使让、使 ) , h) , help (elp (帮助帮助 ) , let () , let (让让 ) , make () , make ( 使使 ) , notice () , notice (注注意到意到 ) , see () , see ( 看见看见 ) , watch () , watch (观看观看 ) , listen to ) , listen to ((听听 ) , look at () , look at (瞧、看瞧、看 ) ) 。例如。例如

Page 54: Chen Tian-ming

• The story made all of us laugh .The story made all of us laugh . 那故事使大那故事使大伙都笑了。伙都笑了。Be sure to have him come before dark .Be sure to have him come before dark . 一定一定让他在天黑前回。让他在天黑前回。Nobody noticed them leave the house .Nobody noticed them leave the house .没有没有人注意到他们离开了屋子。人注意到他们离开了屋子。We listened to him play a piece by Chopin oWe listened to him play a piece by Chopin on the piano.n the piano.

Page 55: Chen Tian-ming

• 我们倾听他用钢琴演奏肖邦的曲子。我们倾听他用钢琴演奏肖邦的曲子。She looked at the cat jump .She looked at the cat jump . 她瞧着猫跳。她瞧着猫跳。

Page 56: Chen Tian-ming

• C) C) 作主语补足语要特别注意作主语补足语的作主语补足语要特别注意作主语补足语的不定式必须带 不定式必须带 "to""to" 。例如:。例如:They were even made to work on weekendThey were even made to work on weekends by the boss. s by the boss. 他们甚至被老板逼得周末都要上班。他们甚至被老板逼得周末都要上班。We can be depended on to carry on the worWe can be depended on to carry on the work. k.

Page 57: Chen Tian-ming

• 可以靠我们来进行这个工作。可以靠我们来进行这个工作。Someone was heard to open the door .Someone was heard to open the door .听见有人开门。听见有人开门。He was finally prevailed upon to take thHe was finally prevailed upon to take the job.e job.最后,他被说服接受了这个工作。最后,他被说服接受了这个工作。

Page 58: Chen Tian-ming

• 我们在前面提到过,不定式没有我们在前面提到过,不定式没有 "" 表示时表示时间的变化形式间的变化形式 "" 。那就是说,我们仅从不。那就是说,我们仅从不定式本身是无法判断定式本身是无法判断 "" 不定式动作发生的不定式动作发生的时间时间 "" ,这种变化形式表现在谓语动词上。,这种变化形式表现在谓语动词上。

Page 59: Chen Tian-ming

• 但不定式却有但不定式却有 "" 动作进行状态的表达方动作进行状态的表达方式式 "--"-- 它们有它们有 "" 进行式进行式 "" 、、 "" 完成式完成式 "" 。这。这种不同种不同 "" 体体 "" 的形式是用来表示:不定式动的形式是用来表示:不定式动作与谓语动作发生的时间先后关系的。作与谓语动作发生的时间先后关系的。

Page 60: Chen Tian-ming

• ) ) 当我们不强调这种当我们不强调这种 "" 时间先后关系时间先后关系 "" 时,时,用不定式的用不定式的 "" 一般式一般式 "" 。这时在实际意义上,。这时在实际意义上, 不定式的动作或是与谓语动作 不定式的动作或是与谓语动作 "" 几乎同时几乎同时发生发生 "" 或是或是 "" 发生于谓语动作之后发生于谓语动作之后 "" 。 。

Page 61: Chen Tian-ming

•例如:例如:I didn't hear her say that . ( I didn't hear her say that . ( 几乎同时发生 几乎同时发生 ) ) 我没有听见她说那件事。我没有听见她说那件事。Mr. Rieder was invited to make a speech at Mr. Rieder was invited to make a speech at the meeting.the meeting.( ( 发生于谓语动作之后 发生于谓语动作之后 )) 里德先生应邀在会议里德先生应邀在会议上发言。上发言。

Page 62: Chen Tian-ming

• 2) 2) 不定式的不定式的 "" 进行体进行体 ""强调不定式的动作正强调不定式的动作正在发生,并在发生,并 "" 与谓语动作同时发生与谓语动作同时发生 "" 。例如:。例如:It is very kind of you to be thinking of us .It is very kind of you to be thinking of us .难得你为我们着想。难得你为我们着想。They seem to be getting along quite well .They seem to be getting along quite well .他们看起来相处得很好。他们看起来相处得很好。

Page 63: Chen Tian-ming

• We surely like everything here to be going We surely like everything here to be going well .well . 我们当然愿意这里一切顺利。我们当然愿意这里一切顺利。He pretended to be listening to the teacher He pretended to be listening to the teacher attentively .attentively . 他假装在专心地听讲。他假装在专心地听讲。I'm so happy to be working with you .I'm so happy to be working with you . 与你与你一道工作我很高兴。一道工作我很高兴。

Page 64: Chen Tian-ming

• 3) 3) 不定式的不定式的 "" 完成式完成式 "" 则表示不定式的动作业已发则表示不定式的动作业已发生,并生,并 ""发生于谓语动作之先发生于谓语动作之先 "" 。例如:。例如:I regret to have treated her in that manner .I regret to have treated her in that manner . 我很我很抱歉用那种态度对待她。抱歉用那种态度对待她。I'm sorry to have left you here alone so long .I'm sorry to have left you here alone so long . 对对不起,让你一个人在这里呆了这么久。不起,让你一个人在这里呆了这么久。She is said to have published a new book .She is said to have published a new book . 据说据说她又出版了一本书。她又出版了一本书。

Page 65: Chen Tian-ming

• They seem to have known about it alreaThey seem to have known about it already .dy . 他们似乎已经知道了这件事儿。他们似乎已经知道了这件事儿。We happened to have come across the aWe happened to have come across the article once .rticle once . 我们碰巧有一次见过这篇文章。我们碰巧有一次见过这篇文章。

Page 66: Chen Tian-ming

• 不定式也有不定式也有 "" 被动式形式被动式形式 "" 。这种形式主要是。这种形式主要是说明不定式的逻辑主语与不定式动作之间说明不定式的逻辑主语与不定式动作之间是是 "" 动宾关系动宾关系 "" 。因此,在决定某个不定式是。因此,在决定某个不定式是否使用否使用 "" 被动式形式被动式形式 "" 之前,必须要根据上下之前,必须要根据上下文准确无误地找到、或正确地理解它的文准确无误地找到、或正确地理解它的 "" 逻辑逻辑主语主语 "--"-- 也就是不定式动作的执行者。也就是不定式动作的执行者。

Page 67: Chen Tian-ming

• A) A) 与不定式相邻的名词、代词可能是不定式与不定式相邻的名词、代词可能是不定式的的 "" 逻辑主语逻辑主语 "" ,例如:,例如:It is an honour for me to be invited to attenIt is an honour for me to be invited to attend the conference . d the conference . 应邀出席这个会议是我的荣耀。应邀出席这个会议是我的荣耀。She wanted the work to be completed by FrShe wanted the work to be completed by Friday .iday .

Page 68: Chen Tian-ming

• 她希望这个工作在星期五以前完成。她希望这个工作在星期五以前完成。He asked to be given a chance to work in He asked to be given a chance to work in the USA .the USA .他申请给他一个去美国工作的机会。他申请给他一个去美国工作的机会。These books are not allowed to be taken These books are not allowed to be taken out.out. 这些书不得拿出去。这些书不得拿出去。

Page 69: Chen Tian-ming

• You are invited to banquet to be given at You are invited to banquet to be given at the embassy .the embassy .恭请出席在使馆举行的宴会。恭请出席在使馆举行的宴会。

Page 70: Chen Tian-ming

• B) B) 与不定式相邻的名词、代词不一定是不与不定式相邻的名词、代词不一定是不定式的定式的 "" 逻辑主语逻辑主语 "" 例如:例如:He has nothing to do . He has nothing to do . 他无事可做。他无事可做。They still have many difficulties to overcThey still have many difficulties to overcome.ome.他们仍有许多要克服的困难。他们仍有许多要克服的困难。

Page 71: Chen Tian-ming

• We found this accent difficult to imitate.We found this accent difficult to imitate.我们发现这种口音很难模仿。 我们发现这种口音很难模仿。