CHILD LABOUR SURVEY ZANZIBAR 2014 Child Labour Survey 2014.pdf · i | C H I L D L A B O U R R E P O R T FORWARD Child Labour Survey (CLS) was one of module in the Integrated Labour

CHILD LABOUR SURVEY

ZANZIBAR 2014

GENERAL REPORT

i | C H I L D L A B O U R R E P O R T

ZANZIBAR CHILD LABOUR SURVEY 2014

GENERAL REPORT

OCTOBER, 2016

Office of the Chief Government Statistician (OCGS)

Ministry of Finance and Planning

Zanzibar

i | C H I L D L A B O U R R E P O R T

FORWARD

Child Labour Survey (CLS) was one of module in the Integrated Labour Force Survey (ILFS)

which was conducted in 2014. This is the second CLS to be conducted in Zanzibar. The first

comprehensive CLS was conducted in 2006 as a module in ILFS.

All children aged 5 to 17 years from all selected households were interviewed using the child

work questionnaire. A child is considered as doing child labour if the work deprives the child of

its childhood, potential and dignity and if it is hamful to his/her physical and mental

development. Children who lack support from their parents or relatives have high probability of

being engaged in child labor, although some of them are doing it as a hobby. Some of the

children are doing child labour without themselves or their parents knowing that they are in child

labor because child labour also is measured on age of a child and hours of work.

According to this survey, 25,803 children are engaged in child labour especially in agriculture

which constitutes 49 percent of total children. This report discussed not only child labor but also

information on working children in non economic activity, working in household chores and

their relationship to school attendance. The survey also provide core indicators od child labour.

The information obtained will support planning, policy formulation as well as monitoring and

evaluating of national and international development programmes including Zanzibar

Economic and Social Transformation, Zanzibar Development Vision 2020 and Sustainable

Development Goals (SDGs).

The survey was conducted by Office of the Chief Government Statistician (OCGS) in

collaboration with the Ministry of Labour, Empowerment, Elders, Youth, Women and Children..

Many thanks are extended to Development Partners especially the World Bank (WB) through

the Tanzania Statistical Capacity Building Program (STATCAP) for financial support in

undertaking the whole survey and to the International Labour Organization (ILO) for

technical assistance in producing this report.

Special thanks should go to the 2014 ILFS Technical Committee team for their close

supervision in all stages of execution of the survey including; preparation of survey instruments,

data collection, analysis, report writing and dissemination. We would like to thank the report

writers: Khadija Kh. Hamad, Sabina R. Daima, Hafidh A. Khamis, Bakari K. Makame,

Mahamoud J. Rajab, Abdulmajid J. Ramadhan, Fahima M. Issa, Bakari Kh. Kondo, Mwanajuma

A. Suleiman, Mustafa H. Makame, Kazija S. Khamis and Modest D. Hassan. Also thanks should

go to IT Abdulla O. Makame, Ali Idrissa for quality assurance; and staff from both Office of

the Chief Government Statistician and the Ministry of Labour, Empowerment, Elderly, Youth,

Woman and Children who assisted in collection and processing of the data. It was only through

their commitment that we have been able to finally produce this report.

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Our gratitude also goes to International and Local Consultants for their technical support,

supervisors and enumerators, data processing teams, Local leaders at Shehia level and heads of

households for their significant contribution which made this survey successful, especially in

providing correct information during data collection.

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CONTENTS

Forward ............................................................................................................................................ i

Contents ......................................................................................................................................... iii

List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ vii

List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. xiii

Summary Key Results of 2014 Child Labour Survey ................................................................. xiv

Abbreviation .............................................................................................................................. xviii

Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................... xix

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 1

1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................................ 1

1.2 Objectives of Conducting Child Labour Survey .................................................................................. 2

1.3 Structure of the Report ...................................................................................................................... 2

CHAPTER TWO: NATIONAL CONTEXT.............................................................................. 4

2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 4

2.2 Demographic Structure ...................................................................................................................... 4

2.3 Economic Characteristics ................................................................................................................... 6

2.3.1 GDP Growth Rate .............................................................................................................................. 6

2.3.2 Inflation Rate ................................................................................................................................... 6

2.3.3 Labour Force Participation Rate for Persons Aged 15 years and Above .......................................... 6

2.3.4 Employment by Major Economic Sectors ......................................................................................... 6

2.3.5 Importance of the Informal Sector ................................................................................................... 6

2.4 Poverty and Inequality ........................................................................................................................ 7

2.5 Efforts to Fight Child Labour in Zanzibar ............................................................................................ 7

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2.6 Legal Instruments on Child Labour .................................................................................................... 8

2.6.1 International Labour Standards ........................................................................................................ 8

2.6.2 National Legislations ......................................................................................................................... 8

2.7 Child Labour Measurement Framework ............................................................................................. 8

2.8 Estimation of Child Labour .................................................................................................................. 9

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY ................................................................................. 12

3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 12

3.2 Scope and Coverage of the Survey .................................................................................................. 12

3.3 Questionnaire .................................................................................................................................. 12

3.4 Sampling Design and Implementation ............................................................................................ 13

3.5 Training of Enumerators and Supervisors ....................................................................................... 14

3.6 Sampling and Sample Weight .......................................................................................................... 15

3.7 Lessons Learned and Limitations of the Survey .............................................................................. 16

CHAPTER FOUR: CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS ......................................................... 17

4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 17

4.2 Concepts and Definitions ................................................................................................................ 17

CHAPTER FIVE: CHILDREN CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................ 20

5.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 20

5.2 Population of Children Aged 5-17 Years .......................................................................................... 20

5.3 Non Working Children ..................................................................................................................... 22

5.4 Children Engaged in Household Chores .......................................................................................... 23

5.5 Children not in Child Labour ............................................................................................................ 27

CHAPTER SIX: EMPLOYED AND NON EMPLOYED CHILDREN ................................ 28

6.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 28

6.2 Employed Children .......................................................................................................................... 28

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6.2.1 Employment Status ....................................................................................................................... 31

6.2.2 Distribution of Employed Persons by Industry ................................................................................ 32

6.2.3 Distribution of Employed Persons by Occupation ........................................................................... 33

6.2.4 Average Hours Worked .................................................................................................................. 34

6.3 Unemployed Children ...................................................................................................................... 35

6.3.1 Children Seeking for Work ............................................................................................................... 35

CHAPTER SEVEN: CHILDREN EARNINGS ...................................................................... 38

7.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 38

7.2 Income of Employed Children ......................................................................................................... 38

7.2.1 Income by Sector ............................................................................................................................ 39

7.2.2 Income Paid to Employed Children ................................................................................................ 40

7.2.3 Income of Paid Employees .............................................................................................................. 40

7.3 Income of Self Employed Children (Not in Agriculture) .................................................................. 43

CHAPTER EIGHT: CHILD LABOUR ................................................................................... 47

8.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 47

8.2 Children in Child Labour ................................................................................................................... 47

8.3 Children in Non Hazardous Child Labour ......................................................................................... 53

8.4 Children in Hazardous Child Labour ................................................................................................. 55

CHAPTER NINE: EDUCATION ............................................................................................. 63

9.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 63

9.2 Children in Education ........................................................................................................................ 63

9.4 Education Status of Children ............................................................................................................. 66

9.5 Non-working children Attendance status ......................................................................................... 67

9.6 Children in Household Chores (Non-Economic) ............................................................................... 70

9.7 Employed Children ............................................................................................................................ 75

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9.8 Working Children Attending School ................................................................................................. 78

9.9 Children in Child Labour .................................................................................................................... 81

9.9.1 Children in Child Labour by Consequence of Injury or Illness on School Attendance ................... 82

9.9.2 Children in Child Labour who Attending School by the Highest Level Completed ........................ 84

9.9.3 Children in Child Labour who Attending School by Hazardous Hours Worked and School

Attendance .............................................................................................................................................. 85

9.9.4 Children in Child Labour who Attending School by Current Hours Worked and School Attendance

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………86

9.9.5 Children in Child Labour who had Never Attended School ........................................................... 87

9.9.6 Children in Child Labour who Drop Out School ............................................................................. 90

9.10 Non Hazardous Children in Child Labour ....................................................................................... 92

9.11 Hazardous Children in Child Labour ................................................................................................ 94

9.12 Children in Seeking Work ................................................................................................................ 97

CHAPTER TEN: PERCEPTION OF CHILDREN .............................................................. 100

10.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 100

10.2 Reasons for Working ..................................................................................................................... 100

CHAPTER ELEVEN: OTHER CHARACTERISTICS ....................................................... 112

11.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 112

11. 2 Distribution of Children by Other Characteristics ........................................................................ 112

REFERENCE ............................................................................................................................ 143

ANNEXES ................................................................................................................................. 144

Annex 1: Statistical Table ...................................................................................................................... 144

Annex 2: Questionnaire ........................................................................................................................ 151

ANNEX 3: List of Contributors of Intergrated Labour Force Survey ...................................................... 191

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 2. 1: Percentage Distribution of Population by Special Age Groups, Area and Sex, 2014 ILFS…..…….4

Table 2. 2: Distribution of Total Population by Region, Special Age Groups and Sex;2014 ILFS……….………5

Table 2. 3: Zanzibar Annual Inflation Rate, 2010 – 2014…………………………………………………………………….…...6

Table 3. 1: Total Number of Private EAs by Region and Number of EAs Selected per Rural/Urban Domain

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………13

Table 3. 2: Distribution of Selected EAs and Households by Area .............................................................. 13

Table 5. 1: Distribution of Child Population by Age Group, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ................................. 20

Table 5. 2: Distribution of Child Population by Age Group, Region and Sex; 2014 CLS .............................. 21

Table 5. 3: Distribution of Non Working Children by Age Groups, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ...................... 22

Table 5. 4: Distribution of Non Working Children by Region, Age Groups and Sex; 2014 CLS .................. 22

Table 5. 5: Percentage Distribution of Children in Household Chores (non-economic) by Age Groups,

Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ............................................................................................................... 23

Table 5. 6: Distribution of Children in Household Chores by Age Groups, Working Hours and Sex; 2014

CLS………… .................................................................................................................................... 23

Table 5. 7: Average Weekly Hours of Children in Household Chores by Age Groups and Area; 2014 CLS

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….24

Table 5. 8: Average Minutes per Day of Children in Household Chores by Age Groups and Sex; 2014 CLS

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………24

Table 5. 9: Average Minutes Per Day of Children in Household Chores by Age Group, Area and Sex; 2014

CLS……………………… ..................................................................................................................... 25

Table 5. 10: Distribution of Children in Household Chores by Age Groups, Region and Sex; 2014 CLS

Table 5. 11: Distribution of Children not in Child Labour by Age Groups, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS Zanzibar

CLS……………………. ..................................................................................................................... 27

Table 6. 1: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Age Groups, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ......... 28

Table 6. 2: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Age groups, Region and Sex; 2014 CLS ...... 30

Table 6. 3: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Employment Status, Area and Sex;

2014 CLS……………. ....................................................................................................................... 31

Table 6. 4: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Industry, Area and Sex;2014 CLS ............... 33

Table 6. 5: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Occupation, Area And Sex; 2014 CLS ........ 34

Table 6. 6: Distribution of Average Hours Worked of Employed Children by Age group, Area and Sex;

2014 CLS…………… ...................................................................................................................... 34

Table 6. 7: Distribution of Time (Minutes) in which Work of Employed Children is Performed

by Age-Groups and Sex; 2014 CLS ............................................................................................ 35

Table 6. 8: Percentage of Children Seeking Work by Age Groups, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ...................... 36

Table 6. 9: Distribution of Children Seeking Work by Type of Work Willing to do, Area And Sex;

2014 CLS.............. ...................................................................................................................... 36

Table 6. 10: Proportion of Children Seeking Work by Region, Sex and Age Groups; 2014 CLS ................. 37

Table 7. 1: Average Monthly Income of Employed Children by Age groups, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ....... 38

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Table 7. 2: Average Monthly Income of Employed Children by Major Industry, Area and Sex;

2014 CLS...................................................................................................................................... 39

Table 7. 3: Percentage of Paid Employees by Income Range, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS .............................. 40

Table 7. 4: Distribution of Monthly Average Income of Paid Employees by Industry, Area and Sex;

2014 CLS...................................................................................................................................... 42

Table 7. 5: Percentage Distribution of Paid Employees by Industry and Monthly Income Range,

2014 CLS............... ....................................................................................................................... 43

Table 7. 6: Percentage Distribution of Self Employees (not in Agriculture) by Income Range, Area

and Sex; 2014 CLS ...................................................................................................................... 43

Table 7. 7: Distribution of Monthly Average Income of Self Employees (not in Agriculture) by

Industry, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS .............................................................................................. 44

Table 7. 8: Percentage Distribution of Self Employed( not in Agriculture) by Industry and

Income Range; 2014 CLS ........................................................................................................... 45

Table 7. 9: Percentage of Self employed Children in Agriculture by Income Range, Area and Sex;

2014 CLS.............. ....................................................................................................................... 46

Table 8. 1: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Age Group, Area and Sex; .................. 47

2014 CLS...................................................................................................................................... 47

Table 8. 2: Child Labour Rate by Age Group, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ........................................................ 48

Table 8. 3: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Industry, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ...... 48

Table 8. 4: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Occupation, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS . 49

Table 8. 5: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Region, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ........ 50

Table 8. 6: Child Labour Rate by Age Groups, Region and Sex; 2014 CLS ................................................... 51

Table 8. 7: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child labour by Status in Employment, Sex and Age

Groups; 2014 CLS ....................................................................................................................... 52

Table 8. 8: Weekly Hours of Work Performed by Children in Child Labour by Age- Groups, Area and

Sex; 2014 CLS .............................................................................................................................. 53

Table 8. 9: Percentage Distribution of Children in Non Hazardous Child Labour by Age Groups, Area

and Sex; 2014 CLS ....................................................................................................................... 53

Table 8. 10: Percentage Distribution of Children in Non Hazardous Child Labour by Region, Sex and

Age Groups; 2014 CLS .............................................................................................................. 54

Table 8. 11: Weekly Hours of Work Performed by Children in Child Labour other than Hazardous Work

by Age-Groups, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ................................................................................ 55

Table 8. 12: Percentage Distribution of Children in Hazardous Child Labour by Age Group, Area and

Sex; 2014 CLS ........................................................................................................................... 55

Table 8. 13: Percentage Distribution of Children in Hazardous Child Labour by Region, Sex and Age

Group; 2014 CLS ....................................................................................................................... 56

Table 8. 14: Percentage Distribution of Children in Hazardous Child Labour by Hazardous Industry,

Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ............................................................................................................ 57

Table 8. 15: Percentage Distribution of Children Aged 12-14 Work for Long Hours by Industry, Areas

and Sex; 2014 CLS ................................................................................................................... 58

Table 8. 16: Percentage Distribution of Children in Hazardous Child Labour by Occupation, Areas and

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Sex; 2014 CLS .......................................................................................................................... 59

Table 8. 17: Percentage Distribution of Children in Hazardous Occupation, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ....... 60

Table 8. 18: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Hazardous Condition, Areas and Sex;

2014 CLS .................................................................................................................................... 61

Table 8. 19: Weekly Hours of Work Performed by Children in Hazardous Work by Age- Groups, Area

and Sex; 2014 CLS ................................................................................................................... 62

Table 9. 1: Percentage Distribution of Children by Education Level, Sex and Age groups; 2014 CLS ........ 64

Table 9. 2: Percentage Distribution of Children by Education Level, Area and Age groups; 2014 CLS ...... 65

Table 9. 3: Percentage Distribution of Children by Education Status, Area and Age groups; 2014 CLS ..... 66

Table 9. 4: Percentage Distribution of Children by Education Status, Sex and Age groups; 2014 CLS ....... 67

Table 9. 5: Percentage Distribution of Non-working Children by Education Status, Area and Sex; ........... 67

2014 CLS ..................................................................................................................................... 67

Table 9. 6: Percentage Distribution of Non-working Children by Education Status, Area and

Age groups; 2014 CLS ................................................................................................................ 69

Table 9. 7: Percentage Distribution of Non-Working Children by Education Level, Area and Sex;

2014 CLS ..................................................................................................................................... 69

Table 9. 8: Percentage Distribution of Children in Household Chores (Non-Economic) by Education Level,

Sex and Age Groups; 2014 CLS .................................................................................................. 71

Table 9. 9: Percentage Distribution of Children in Household Chores (Non-Economic) by Education Level,

Area and Age Groups; 2014 CLS ............................................................................................... 72

Table 9. 10: Percentage Distribution of Children in Household Chores (Non-Economic) by Education

Status, Area and Age Groups; 2014 CLS ................................................................................... 73

Table 9. 11: Percentage Distribution of Children in Household Chores (Non-Economic) by Education

Status, Sex and Age Groups; 2014 CLS ..................................................................................... 74

Table 9. 12: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Education Status, Area and ..................... 75

Sex; 2014 CLS ............................................................................................................................ 75

Table 9. 13: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Education Status, Area and Age Groups;

2014 CLS ................................................................................................................................... 76

Table 9. 14: Percentage Distribution of Household Head of Employed Children by Education Level,

Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ........................................................................................................... 77

Table 9. 15: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Education Level, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS.78

Table 9. 16: Percentage Distribution of Working Children Attending School by Highest Grade Completed,

Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ........................................................................................................... 78

Table 9. 17: Percentage Distribution of Working Children Attending School by Highest Grade Completed,

Area and Age Groups; 2014 CLS ............................................................................................... 79

Table 9. 18: Percentage of Working Children that Never Attended School by Activities Performed, Area

and Sex; 2014 CLS .................................................................................................................... 80

Table 9. 19: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour, Children Attendance Status, Area and

Sex; 2014 CLS ............................................................................................................................ 81

Table 9. 20: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Education Level of Head of

Household, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ....................................................................................... 82

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Table 9. 21: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Consequence of Injury or Illness on

School Attendance, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ........................................................................... 82

Table 9. 22: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Industry and Consequence of Injury

or Illness on School Attendance; 2014 CLS ............................................................................... 83

Table 9. 23: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Occupation and Consequence

of Injury or Illness on School Attendance; 2014 CLS ................................................................ 84

Table 9. 24: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Highest Level Completed, Area and

Sex; 2014 CLS ........................................................................................................................... 84

Table 9. 25: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Hazardous Hours Worked, Area and

School Attendance; 2014 CLS .................................................................................................. 85

Table 9. 26: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Current Hours Worked in a Week,

Area and School Attendance; 2014 CLS .................................................................................. 86

Table 9. 27: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour who had Never Attended School by

Age Groups, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ...................................................................................... 87


Reason, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ............................................................................................. 89


Activity Performed, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ........................................................................... 90

Table 9. 30: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour who Drop Out School by Age Groups,

Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ............................................................................................................ 90

Table 9. 31: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour who Drop Out School by Reason,

Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ........................................................................................................... 91

Table 9. 32: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour who Drop Out School by Activity

Performed, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ........................................................................................ 92

Table 9. 33: Percentage Distribution of Non Hazardous Children by School Attendance, Area and

Sex; 2014 CLS ........................................................................................................................... 93

Table 9. 34: Percentage Distribution of Non Hazardous Children by School Attendance, Area and Age

Groups; 2014 CLS ..................................................................................................................... 94

Table 9. 35: Percentage Distribution of Hazardous Children by School Attendance, Area and Sex;

2014 CLS ................................................................................................................................... 94

Table 9. 36: Percentage Distribution of Hazardous Children by School Attendance, Area and Sex; 2014

CLS........................... ................................................................................................................ 96

Table 9. 37: Percentage of Children Seeking Work by Education Level, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS .............. 97

Table 9. 38: Percentage Distribution of Children Seeking Work by Education Status, Area and Sex;

2014 CLS ................................................................................................................................... 98

Table 10. 1: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Reason for working, Areas and sex;

2014 CLS ................................................................................................................................. 101

Table 10. 2: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Reason for Working, Area and Sex;

2014 CLS ................................................................................................................................. 102

Table 10. 3: Percentage Distribution of Children in Hazardous Child Labour by Reason for Working,

Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ........................................................................................................... 103

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Table 10. 4: Percentage Distribution of Children in Non-hazardous Child labour by Reason forWorking,

Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ......................................................................................................... 104

Table 10. 5: Percentage Distribution of Children on Quitting Work by Type of Perception, Area and Sex;

2014 CLS.................... ............................................................................................................ 104

Table 10. 6: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour on Quitting Work by Type of Perception,

Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ......................................................................................................... 105

Table 10. 7: Percentage Distribution of Children in Hazardous Child Labour on Quitting Work by Type of

Perception, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ..................................................................................... 106

Table 10. 8: Percentage Distribution of Children in Non-hazardous Child Labour on Quitting Work by

Type of Perception, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS......................................................................... 106

Table 10. 9: Percentage Distribution of Children on Choice if Given a Chance by Preference, Area and

Sex; 2014 CLS ........................................................................................................................ 107

Table 10. 10: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour on Choice if Given a Chance by

Preference, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ................................................................................... 108

Table 10. 11: Percentage Distribution of Children in Hazardous Child Labour on Choice if Given a Chance

by Preference, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS .............................................................................. 109

Table 10. 12: Distribution of Employed Children Responses by Entertainment Status, Area and Sex; 2014

CLS ......................................................................................................................................... 110

Table 10. 13: Distribution of Children Responses in Child Labour by Entertainment Status, Area and

Sex; 2014 CLS ........................................................................................................................ 110

Table 10. 14: Distribution of Children Responses in Hazardous Child Labour by Entertainment Status,

Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ...................................................................................................... 111

Table 10. 15: percentage Distribution of children Responses in non-harzadous child labour by

Entertainment Status, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS..................................................................... 111

Table 11. 1: Percentage of Children by Relationship to Head of Household, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS .... 112

Table 11. 2: Percentage Distribution of Children by Dwelling Characteristics and Area; 2014 CLS ........ 112

Table 11. 3: Percentage Distribution of Children by Dwelling Characteritics, Relationship with Members

of Household and Area; 2014 CLS .......................................................................................... 114

Table 11. 4: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Relationship with Head of Household,

Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ........................................................................................................... 115

Table 11. 5:Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Main Dwelling Characteristics and Area;

2014 CLS .................................................................................................................................. 115

Table 11. 6: Percentage Distribution of Main Dwellings Characteristics of Employed Children by

Relationship to Head of Household and Area; 2014 CLS ....................................................... 116

Table 11. 7: Percentage Distribution of Children not in Child Labour by Dwelling Characteristics

and Area; 2014 CLS ................................................................................................................ 121

Table 11. 8: Percentage of non-working Children by Relation to Members of Household, Area and Sex;

2014 CLS ................................................................................................................................. 121

Table 11. 9: Percentage Distribution of Non-working Children by Main Dwelling Characteristics and

Area; 2014 CLS ...................................................................................................................... 122

Table 11. 10: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Main Dwelling Characteristic

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and Area; 2014 CLS ............................................................................................................... 122

Table 11. 11 : Percentage Distribution of Non-working Children in Vulnerable Situations by Dwellings

Characteristics, Children Relationship and Area; 2014 CLS ................................................ 123

Table 11. 12: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by frequency of Injuries or illness, Area

and Sex; 2014 CLS ................................................................................................................. 124

Table 11. 13: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Severe Illness or accident Faced, Area

and Sex; 2014 CLS ................................................................................................................. 125

Table 11. 14: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Industry which Accident or Illness

Occurred, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ...................................................................................... 126

Table 11. 15: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Frequency of Carrying heavy Load,Area

and Sex; 2014 CLS ................................................................................................................. 127

Table 11. 16: Distribution of Employed Children by Working Environment, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ..... 127

Table 11. 17: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Type of Protective Gears used, Area and

Sex; 2014 CLS ........................................................................................................................ 128

Table 11. 18: Percentage Distribution of Non hazardous Children by Frequency of Injuries or illness,

Areas and Sex; 2014 CLS ....................................................................................................... 129

Table 11. 19: Percentage Distribution of Non hazardous Children by biggest Illness or accident faced,

Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ........................................................................................................ 129

Table 11. 20: Percentage Distribution of Non hazardous Children by Industry which Accident or illness

occurred, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ....................................................................................... 130

Table 11. 21: Percentage Distribution of Non hazardous Children by Frequency of Carrying heavy load,

Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ........................................................................................................ 130

Table 11. 22: Percentage Distribution of Non hazardous Children by Working Environment, Area and

Sex; 2014 CLS ....................................................................................................................... 131

Table 11. 23: Percent Distribution of Hazardous Children by Frequency of Injuries or illness, Area and

Sex; 2014 CLS ........................................................................................................................ 131

Table 11. 24: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Type of Protective Gears Used, Area

and Sex; 2014 CLS ................................................................................................................. 132

Table 11. 25: Percentage Distribution of Hazardous Children by Frequency of Carrying heavy load, Area

and Sex; 2014 CLS ................................................................................................................ 133

Table 11. 26: Percentage Distribution of Hazardous Children by Working Environment, Area and Sex;

2014 CLS ............................................................................................................................. 134

Table 11. 27: Percentage Distribution of Hazardous Children by Type of Protective Gears Used, Area and

Sex; 2014 CLS ....................................................................................................................... 135

Table 11. 28: Percentage Distribution of the Children in Non-Hazardous by Education Level of their

Parents or Guardians, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ................................................................... 136

Table 11. 29: Percentage Distribution of the Children in Harzadous Work by Education Level of Parents

or Guardians, Areasand Sex; 2014 CLS ............................................................................... 136

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2. 1: Summary of Children's Status Aged 5-17 Years, 2014 CLS ................................................... 11

Figure 6. 1: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Region; 2014 CLS ................................... 29

Figure 6. 2: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Sector, 2014 CLS ................................... 32

Figure 6. 3: Proportion of Currently Unemployed Children byArea and Sex; 2014 CLS .......................... 35

Figure 7. 1: Average Monthly Income of Employed Children by Major Industry and Sex; 2014 CLS ..... 39

Figure 7. 2: Distribution of Monthly Average Income of Paid Employees by Area and Sex; 2014 CLS .. 41

Figure 8. 1: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Region; 2014 CLS .......................... 50

Figure 8. 2: Child Labour Rate by Region; 2014 CLS ............................................................................... 51

Figure 8. 3: Distribution of Children in Hazardous Child Labour by Region; 2014 CLS .......................... 56

Figure 8. 4: Percentage Distribution of Hazardious in Child Labour Aged 15-17 whoWork for long

hours (43 hours or more) by Area and Sex; 2014 CLS ........................................................... 62

Figure 9. 1: Percentage Distribution of Non-working Children by School Attendance and Sex; 2014

CLS ......................................................................................................................................... 68

Figure 9. 2: Percentage Distribution of Children in Household Chores (Non-Economic) by Education

Status and Age Groups; 2014 CLS .......................................................................................... 75

Figure 9. 3: Percentage of Working Children that Never Attended School by Activities Performed and

Sex; 2014 CLS ........................................................................................................................ 80

Figure 9. 4: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Consequence of Injury or Illness

and Sex; 2014 CLS ................................................................................................................ 83

Figure 9. 5: Percentage Distribution of School Attending Children in Child Labour by Hazardous Hours

Worked; 2014 CLS .................................................................................................................. 86

Figure 9. 6: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour who had Never Attended School

by Age Groups and Sex; 2014 CLS ........................................................................................ 88

Figure 9. 7: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour who Drop Out of School by Age

Groups and Sex; 2014 CLS ..................................................................................................... 91

Figure 9. 8: Percentage Distribution of Hazardous Children by Schools Attendance and Sex; 2014 CLS. 95

Figure 9. 9: Percentage Distribution of Hazardous Children by School Attendance and Sex; 2014 CLS . 96

Figure 9. 10: Percentage of Children Seeking Work by Education Level and Sex; 2014 CLS ................. 98

Figure 9. 11: Percentage Distribution of Children Seeking Work by Education Status, Area and Sex; 2014

CLS ........................................................................................................................................ 99

xiv | C H I L D L A B O U R R E P O R T

Summary of Key Indicators by Area and Sex, 2014 Child Labour Survey (CLS)

Zanzibar Rural Urban

INDICATOR CATEGORY Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

Child Population by age goup, 2014

5-17 years, total 231,732 230,545 462,278 140,512 136,233 276,745 91,221 94,312 185,533

5-11 134,701 134,155 268,856 81,965 81,204 163,169 52,736 52,951 105,687

12-14 54,069 53,977 108,046 32,862 31,951 64,813 21,207 22,027 43,234

15-17 42,962 42,413 85,375 25,685 23,078 48,763 17,278 19,334 36,612

Number of Children in employment by age group

5-17 years, total 31,413 23,159

54,572 27,771 20,557 48,329 3,641 2,602 6243

5-11 7,034 6,151

13,185 6,565 5,858 12,423 469 294 763

12-14 10,852 7,514

18,366 9,547 6,378 15,925 1,305 1,136 2,441

15-17 13,527 9,494

23,021 11,659 8,322 19,981 1,868 1,172 3040

Number of non working children by age group

5-17 years, total 32,250 25,273

57,523 17,571 13,429 31,000 14,679 11,844 26,523

5-11 29,506 23,608

53,114 16,447 12,596 29,043 13,059 11,013 24,071

12-14 1,646 817

2,463 559 343 903 1,086 474 1,560

15-17 1,099 847

1,946 565 490 1,054 534 357 892

Child work activity/ participation rate (%)

5-17 years, total

6.8

4.3

5.6

10.1

6.7

8.4

1.8

0.9

1.3

5-11

4.7

3.7

4.2

7.3

5.7

6.5

0.8

0.5

0.7

12-14

10.3

6.1

8.2

15.2

9.1

12.2

2.8

1.8

2.3

15-17

9.1

4.1

6.6

12.8

6.6

9.9

3.4

1.0

2.1

Number of working children by region 5-17years

5-17 years, total 31,413 23,159 54,572 27,771 20,557 48,329 3,641 2,602 6,243

Kaskazini Unguja 2,583 1,271 3,854 2,476 1,245 3,721 107 25 132

Kusini Unguja 5,049 4,319 9,368 4,763 4,078 8,841 286 241 527

Mjini Magharibi 4,117 2,607 6,724 2,011 1,313 3,325 2,105 1,294 3,400

Kaskazini Pemba 9,875 6,867 16,742 9,178 6,185 15,363 698 681 1,379

Kusini Pemba 9,789 8,095 17,884 9,344 7,736 17,079 445 359 805

Percentage of Children involved in Household chores by age group

5-17 years, total 168,069 182,113

350,182 95,169 102,247 197,416 72,900 79,866 152,766

5-11 58.4 57.3 57.8 61.9 61.4 61.6 53.8 52.1 52.9

12-14 24.7 25.1 24.9 23.9 24.7 24.3 25.8 25.6 25.7

15-17 16.9 17.6 17.3 14.1 14.0 14.0 20.4 22.3 21.4

xv | C H I L D L A B O U R R E P O R T

Zanzibar

Rural

Urban INDICATOR CATEGORY Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

Number of working children by employment status 5-17years

Total 31,413 23,159 54,572 27,771 20,557 48,329 3,641 2,602 6,243

Paid employment 3,666 1,400 5,067 2,710 885 3,595 956 515 1,472

Employer 659 213 872 469 117 587 190 95 285

Self employed 7,170 8,801 15,971 6,473 8,073 14,546 697 728 1,425

Unpaid family helper (non- agricultural) 1,065 2,418 3,483 640 1,962 2,603 424 456 880 Unpaid family helper ( agricultural, fishing and livestock/animals) 12,273 7,709 19,982 11,273 6,902 18,175 1,000 807 1,807

Work on own farm (fishing) 3,304 573 3,878 3,183 573 3,757 121

00 121

Work on own farm (crops growing) 2,683 2,045 4,728 2,555 2,045 4,600 128 00 128

Work on own farm or shamba (livestock/animals) 592

0 592 467

0 467 125

0 125

Sector of employment (%)

Total 31,413 23,159 54,572 27,771 20,557 48,329 3,641 2,602 6,243

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 64.8 46.0 56.8 68.5 48.3 59.9 36.5 27.7 32.8

Mining and quarrying 6.3 13.4 9.3 6.2 14.7 9.8 7.0 3.4 5.5

Manufacturing 3.7 18.1 9.8 4.1 18.8 10.4 0.7 12.7 5.7

Construction 2.6 0.1 1.6 2.3 0.1 1.4 4.9 0.0 2.9 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 14.9 9.1 12.4 14.4 9.0 12.1 18.7 10.1 15.1

Transportation and storage 3.0 0.2 1.8 2.6 0.2 1.6 6.3 0.0 3.7

Accommodation and food service activities 2.2 9.8 5.4 1.0 7.9 4 11.7 24.1 16.9

Information and communication 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 2.3 2.0

Real estate activities 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Administrative and support service activities 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Arts, entertainment and recreation 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 1.2 0.0 0.7

Other service activities 1.9 1.5 1.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 11.3 7.5 9.7 Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and 0.0 1.4 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.0 5.0

services-producing activities of households for own use

Occupation (%)

Total 31,413 23,159 54,572 27,771 20,557 48,329 3,641 2,602 6,243

Skilled agricultural and Fishery workers 63.5 47.6 56.8 66.9 49.8 59.6 38.1 30.4 34.9

Craft and Related workers 13.3 31.6 21.1 12.5 33.4 21.4 19.9 18.0 19.1

Elementary occupation 17.4 15.0 16.4 15.8 12.5 14.4 29.3 34.3 31.4

Service workers and Shop sales workers 4.7 5.6 5.1 3.9 4.1 4.0 10.8 17.4 13.5

Technicians and Associate Professionals 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.7

Plant and machine operators and assemblers 0.8 0.1 0.5 0.9 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0

Clerks 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.4

xvi | C H I L D L A B O U R R E P O R T



Percentage of children working by main reasons 5-17

Total 31,413 23,159 54,572 27,771 20,557 48,329 3,641 2,602 6,243

To supplement household income where you are living 31.4 21.6 27.2 31.4 22.0 27.4 31.2 18.3 25.8 To supplement household income away from where you are living 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.0 6.4 2.7

To pay outstanding debt under contractual arrangement 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

To assist/help in household enterprise 21.1 22.2 21.6 21.0 21.7 21.3 22.2 26.3 23.9

Education/training programme is not suitable 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.4 0.9 1.2

To get good upbringing and imparting of skills 29.3 42.4 34.9 30.3 44.1 36.3 19.5 29.3 23.6

Cannot afford education/training expenses 0.6 1.1 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.5 1.4 6.2 3.4

Peer pressure 16.3 11.1 14.1 15.4 10.9 13.5 23.7 12.6 19.0

Other 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.4

Monthly income of employee children by Industry

Total 34,346 22,570 29,348 32,130 21,176 27,471 51,244 33,585 43,885

Agriculture 15,567 6,299 12,383 15,885 6,751 12,753 11,014 70 7,167

Manufacture 52,642 26,612 34,422 52,271 24,475 32,621 56,446 61,547 59,519

Service 75,296 50,176 65,341 74,774 53,343 66,449 76,809 42,053 62,286

Involvement in child labour 5-17 years

Number of children in child labour 15,855 9,948 25,803 14,258 9,083 23,341 1,598 865 2,463

Child labour as % of working children 50.5 43.0 47.3 51.3 44.2 48.3 43.9 33.3 39.4

Number of children in hazardous child labour 8,679 4,935 13,613 7,488 4,378 11,866 1,191 557 1,748

Hazardous child labour as % of Child labour 54.7 49.6 52.8 52.5 48.2 50.8 74.5 64.4 71.0

Number of children in non hazardous child labour 7,177 5,014 12,190 6,770 4,705 11,475 407 308 715

Non hazardous child labour as % of Child labour 45.3 50.4 47.2 47.5 51.8 49.2 25.5 35.6 29.0

No. of children aged 5-17 years in child labour that reported accidents, injuries and illness due to work

2,644

1,506

4,150

2,307

1,428

3,735

337

78

415

No.of children in child labour who have never attend school by age group

5-17 years, total 2,017 1,267 3,284 1,844 1,240 3,084 173 27 200

5-11 1,221 757 1,978 1,155 730 1,885 67 27 93

12-14 427 465 892 321 465 786 106

0 106

15-17 368 45 414 368 45 414 0

0

0

Number of children attending school by age group 5-17 years, total 183,569 188,305 371,874 102,636 105,088 207,724 80,932 83,217 164,149

5-11 101,393 105,468 206,862 55,397 59,690 115,088 45,996 45,778 91,774

12-14 49,046 49,500 98,546 28,782 28,193 56,975 20,264 21,307 41,571

15-17 33,129 33,336 66,465 18,457 17,204 35,661 14,672 16,132 30,804

xvii | C H I L D L A B O U R R E P O R T



Number of children not attending school by age group

5-17 years, total 14,686 12,512 27,198 10,969 8,120 19,089 3,718 4,392 8,109

5-11 2,301 1,658 3,959 1,819 1,072 2,892 482 586 1,068

12-14 3,896 2,857 6,753 3,143 2,185 5,327 753 673 1,426

15-17 8,490 7,996 16,486 6,007 4,863 10,870 2,483 3,133 5,616

Number of children who have never attended school by age group

5-17 years, total 33,477 29,729 63,206 26,907 23,025 49,932 6,571 6,704 13,274

5-11 31,006 27,029 58,035 24,749 20,441 45,190 6,257 6,588 12,845

12-14 1,127 1,620 2,747 937 1,573 2,510 190 47 237

15-17 1,344 1,080 2,424 1,221 1,011 2,232 123 69 192

No.of children in child labour attending school 5-17 years 10,129 7,446 17,575 9,312 6,862 16,174 817 584 1,401

No. of children aged 5-17 years in hazardous work working in unhealthy work environment and dangerous work locations (multiple responses)

In (sea, lake, river) water 2,237 135 2,372 2,046 135 2,180 192 0 192

Dust, fumes, gases 2,655 1,891 4,546 2,266 1,564 3,829 389 327 716

Noise 639 137 775 326 68 394 313 68 381

Extreme temperature or humidity 490 278 769 98 123 221 392 155 548

Dangerous tools/ animals 142 119 261 87 77 165 55 42 97

Work underground 0 32 32 0 32 32 0 0 0

Work at heights 233 0 233 182 0 182 51 0 51

Insufficient lighting 57 0 57 57 0 57 0 0 0

Chemicals 27 103 130 27 62 89 0 42 42

Other 170 0 170 135 0 135 35 0 35

No. of children aged 5-17 years in hazardous Work by the types of problems perceived to affect them as a result of work

Injuries, illness or poor health 7,213 4,200 11,413 6,301 3,818 10,119 912 382 1,294

Poor grades in school 2,747 1,199 3,946 2,323 1,108 3,431 424 91 515

Physical abuse 555 561 1,116 417 498 914 138 64 202

Emotional abuse 292 200 492 79 138 217 213 62 275

Sexual abuse 144 157 301 22 137 159 121 20 142

xviii | C H I L D L A B O U R R E P O R T

ABBREVIATION

CL Child Labour

CLS Child Labour Survey

CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child

CSpro Census and Survey Processing

EA Enumeration Area

GDP Gross Domestic Products

ICLS International Conference of Labour Statisticians

ILFS Integrated Labour Force Survey

ILO International Labour Organization

ISIC International Standard of Industry Classification

MLEEYWC Ministry of Labour, Empowerment, Elders, Youth, Women and Children

O level Ordinary Level

OCGS Office of the Chief Government Statistician

PSU Primary Sample Unity Point

SDGs Sustainable Development Goals

SPSS Statistical Package for Social Scientists Softwares.

STATCAP Statistcal Capacity Building

TASCO Tanzania Standard Classification of Occupation

TPHC Tanzania Population and Housing Census

TSMP Tanzania Statistical Master Plan

TZS Tanzania Shillings

UNCRC United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child

UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund

WB World Bank

xix | C H I L D L A B O U R R E P O R T

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Child Labour Survey

This Child Labour Survey (CLS-2014) is the second of its kind to be conducted in Zanzibar. It is

a representative survey for entire Zanzibar with coverage of 6,948 households interviewed from

290 primary sample unit (PSU). All persons aged 5 -17 in the household were eligible for child

labour questions. The sample was designed to produce estimates on key indicators of child

labour for Zanzibar, rural, urban and regional level.

Collected Information

The survey collects information on Children characteristics , employment, unemployment,

employment related income, education, perception, child labour and other relevant

charecteristics .

Implementing Agency

The survey was conducted by Office of the Chief Government Statistician (OCGS) in

collaboration with the Ministry of Labour, Empowerment, Elders, Youth, Women and Children.

Data collection took place from January to December, 2014. Funding for the survey was

provided by Wold Bank (WB) through STATCAP basket fund, International Labour

Organisation (ILO) provided technical assistance in data processing and production of the main

report.

Children Profile

Children profile shows that, population below age 18 account for 49.7 percent of the total

population. The proportion of the children aged 5-17 is 33.7 percent of the total population. Out

of the total children aged 5 -17 years, 59.9 percent reside in rural areas.

Residentially, Mjini Magharibi had overwhelming majority of children age 5-17 years (39.2

percent). Kusini which had the least proportion of children (8.1 percent) which is almost five

times lower compared to Mjini Magharibi.

Non Working Children

The proportion of boys who are non working is higher (56.1 percent) than that of girls (43.9

percent). Non working children residing in urban areas are proportionantely higher (53.9 percent)

than in rural areas (39.1 percent). Mjini Magharibi has the highest proportion (47.6 percent) of

non working children compared to other regions.

xx | C H I L D L A B O U R R E P O R T

Children Engaged in Household Chores

Out of 350,182 children engaged in household chores, more than half (56.4 percent) reside in

rural areas, with slightly more girls doing household chores (52.0 percent).

About 99 percent of children engaged in household chores are working for more than 14 hours

per week with nearly same proportion between boys and girls. Children spent more times on

household chores during weekends. Children in rural areas spent more time (average of 74

minutes) doing household chores than in urban areas (average of 63 minutes).

Employed Children

About 12 percent (54,572 children) of the children aged 5 – 17years were employed with boys

accounted for 57.6 percent. Majority of employed children (88.6 percent) live in rural areas.

Kusini Pemba has the highest proportion (32.8 percent) of children aged 5-17 years who were

engaged in child work compared to other regions while Kaskazini Unguja recorded the lowest

proportion (7.1 percent).

Children Employment Status

Three in every ten (29.3 percent) employed children were self employed (non-agricultural)

without employees while only one in every ten is paid employee. Employed girls were more

likely (38.0 percent) to be engaged as self-employed in non-agricultural activities without

employees while boys were more likely to be in paid employment (11.7 percent).

Employed Children by Industry

Agricultural, Forestry and Fishing is the dominant sector that account for 56.8 percent of the

total working children with boys having larger proportion (64.8 percent) than girls (46 percent).

Employed Children by Occupation

Majority of the employed children (56.8 percent) are working as agricultural and Fishery

workers with proportionately more boys (63.5 percent) than girls (47.6 percent). Good

upbringing and imparting of skills was the main reason for working among employed children

(34.9 percent).

Average Hours Worked

On average children worked for 17 hours in a week. Boys worked for longer hours (average of

19 hours) than girls (average of 14 hours). This trend is also observed in rural, urban and across

all age groups. Employed children work longer at day time (average of 185 minutes) compared

to evening (70 minutes) and night( 19 minutes) time.

xxi | C H I L D L A B O U R R E P O R T

Income from Employment

The average monthly income of paid children in 2014 was TZS 86,993 with boys having higher

income (TZS 94,644) than girls (TZS 64,811). The paid employed children in urban earn

slightly more (TZS 90,576) compared to rural (TZS 84,690). Employed children in services earn

more income (TZS 65,342) per month.

Income from Self Employed

The average monthly income of self employed children is TZS 54,351, whereby boys received

more income (TZS 64,378) than girls (TZS 45,641). Self employed children in urban areas

received more income (TZS 76,861) than in rural areas (TZS 51,807).

The Child Labour

The child labour rate was 5.6 percent with more boys (6.8 percent) than girls (4.3 percent).

However, children in rural were more engaged in child labour (8.4 percent) than in urban (1.3

percent). Generally boys were more affected than girls in both rural and urban areas.

Among those who are engaged in child labour, 52.7 percent were engaged in hazardous work, of

whom 87.2 percent live in rural areas.

Reason for Work

Most of the children (34.8 percent) stated that good upbringing and imparting of skills was the

main reason for working. This reason is the main for girls (42.4 percent) while for boys majority

stated they are working in order to supplement household income where they are living (31.4

percent). This perception is similar to both rural and urban areas.

Quit doing Work

A high propotion of boys (84.7 percent), in both rural and urban areas perceive that they will fail

to meet school expenses if they will quit doing work. Most of the girls opined that their parent

will loose some one to assit them (46.0 percent) this is more perceived among girls in rural areas

who contribute almost 46 percent of the total girls in rural. Among urban areas majority of girls

fear to loose income if they quite doing work (48.3 percent). Boys are more optimist (55.6

percent) that nothing will happen if they will quit doing work compared to girls (44.4 percent) in

both rural and urban areas.

xxii | C H I L D L A B O U R R E P O R T

Children Choice

If given a chance to choose about 33 percent of employed children would prefer to be in schools

full time. Girls (36.6 percent) are more likely to be in school full time than boys (29.6 percent).

Children in rural and urban children follow the same pattern. Only 1.1 percent of employed

children perceive to work in part time household chores or house keeping if they get a chance to

choose, the proportion is much lower for boys in rural areas.

Employed Children and Entertainment

Majority of employed children (73 percent) prefer playing rather than watching TV or studying

when not working. Girls (67. 0 percent) are less likely to play during their free time compared to

boys (77.1 percent). The same situation experienced in both rural and urban areas.

Relationship to Head of Household and Housing Conditions

Majority of children live with their parents or relatives (96.2 percent). Less than one percent (0.1

percent) of children live in households as domestic servants. The results also shows that 72

percent of children live in houses with modern wall or modern floor and for modern roof was

83.0 percent.

Children in Working Environment

About 50 percent of employed children are working in dust, fumes and gases. Almost one third

of employed children are working in water (sea, lake or rivers). Similarly, one in every three of

the employed children use special shoes and one quarter use glasses as protective gears; only 6.8

percent use dust marks.

Children and School Attendance

Eighty percent of all children are attending school. Sixty percent of total children reported both

schooling and engaged in household chores. Among the employed children, 67 percent are

attending school and 68 percent of children in child labour are attending school. About 60

percent of children who were working in hazardous environment are attending school.

1 | C H I L D L A B O U R R E P O R T

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

The 2014 Child Labour Survey (CLS) is the second of its kind to be conducted in Zanzibar. The

first survey was conducted in 2006.

Children who are engaged in child labour miss many opportunities including of having quality

education. Education is a key tool of resulting children in child labour. Children who do not have

access to quality education often find themselves engaged in the labour market where they are

some times forced to work in dangerous and exploitative condition.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Goal 4 state ‘Ensure inclusive and equitable quality

education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all’. Children are part and parcel of

this goal. Therefore, children are supposed to attend school regularly and not engaging in any

type of work which can lead them into child labour

The 2014 Zanzibar child labor report, is the product of the collaborative effort involving the

Office of the Chief Government Statistician (OCGS) and Ministry of Labour, Empowerment,

Elders, Youth, Women and Children (MLEEYWC). The OCGS was the key actor of this survey.

The role and responsibility of the office was to ensure that reliable data was collected and

fundamental principles of official statistics were followed. Quality control team made an effort

to make sure that, the data collected meet all standard and procedures recommended by ILO. The

Labour Commission which is under MLEEYWCparticipated fully in guiding the policy

concerning the child labour as mentioned in Conventions and Regulation recommended by ILO.

This survey will update the existing information on child work and child labour imanging in the

2006 CLS. It will serve to evaluate the SDGs and related indicators and also helps policy makers

and planners to their daily work.

The report will be used by the government to monitor and evaluate the programs that aim at

eliminating and preventing child labour.


The World Bank (WB) provided financial supports for conducting Child Labour Survey through

its basket fund of Statistics Capacity Building in Tanzania (STATCAP). The International

Labour Organization (ILO) played important part in providing technical support especially in

data analysis and report writing.

1.2 Objectives of Conducting Child Labour Survey

The main objective of this Child labour Survey was to provide up-to-date information needed by

the Government and other stakeholders on human and working activities performed by children.

Specific objectives are to:

1. Estimate the number of children aged 5-17 years who are employed by sex, age-group,

and educational status.

2. Provide up-to-date information for assessing the Child labour

3. Provide the benchmark data needed for monitoring progress on child labour policies and

programmes.

4. Provide current child labour indicators for Zanzibar

5. Identify the social and economic causes and consequences of child labor

6. Asses the nature and extent of child labour

7. Improve the information based on child labour

8. Build national capacity for regular child labor analysis

9. Analyze the demographic and socio-economic circumstances of working children and

their families.

10. Provide the information on the characteristics of the sectors, occupation, working hours

and geographical distribution where the children are working.

1.3 Structure of the Report

This report has twelve chapters; Chapter one presents the background to the present

survey, explains the reasons behind the survey and its goals. Chapter two presents the

national context to help the reader understand the context in which child labour occurs.

Chapter three deals with methodology and provides technical details regarding data


collection and processing. Chapter four provides the main definitions needed to clarify

concepts related to children’s activities and child labour referred to in the analysis.

Chapter five presents the survey findings regarding children’s characteristics. Chapter six

focuses on employed and unemployed children. Chapter seven deal with income of

employed children. Chapter eighty narrows the focus of analysis to child labourers which

are the central interest for the national report. Chapter nine analyses the educational

characteristics of children. Chapter ten examines perceptions of children on child labour.

Chapter eleven provides contextual variables related to socio-economic characteristics of

the household to which children belong. Chapter twelve investigates the determinants of

child labour based on the findings of the previous sections and conclusions and

recommendations.


CHAPTER TWO: NATIONAL CONTEXT

2.1 Introduction

This chapter privides analysis of the child labour situation. Its important to understand the

general population since it provides the basis for understanding the contex in which the labour

takes place. It also discusses the situation of the population including the social, economic and

demographic characteristics of the households.

2.2 Demographic Structure

According to 2014 ILFS, Zanzibar population was approximately 1.4 million with almost half

(49.7 percent) of the population under 18 years. The proportion of the children below 18 years is

equal between boys and girls. More than half (53 percent) of the rural population is under 18

years with almost equal proportion of boys and girls, while in urban areas less than half (46

percent) of its population is under 18 years (Table 2.1).

Children age 0 - 4 years accounted for 16 percent of the population; 5 - 17 years, 33.7 percent

and 18 years and older 50.3 percent. The median age of the Zanzibar population is 18 years.

Table 2.1:Percentage Distribution of Population by Special Age Groups, Area and Sex,

2014 ILFS

Age Group

Rural Urban Zanzibar

Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

0 - 4 8.5 8.5 17.0 7.3 7.4 14.7 8.0 8.0 16.0

5-11 10.5 10.4 20.9 8.9 8.9 17.8 9.8 9.8 19.6

12-14 4.2 4.1 8.3 3.6 3.7 7.3 3.9 3.9 7.9

15-17 3.3 3.0 6.3 2.9 3.3 6.2 3.1 3.1 6.2

18+ 23.0 24.5 47.5 26.2 27.8 54.0 24.4 25.9 50.3

Total 49.5 50.5 100.0 48.9 51.1 100.0 49.3 50.7 100.0

Total 386,467 393,635 780,102 289,784 302,632 592,416 676,251 696,267 1,372,518

Source: ILFS, 2014.

Table 2.2 shows that, Kusini Pemba has the highest proportion (38.5 percent) of the total

children aged 5-17, with higher proportion of boys (39.7 percent) than girls (37.3 percent),

while Mjini Magharibi has the least proportion (30.5 percent) with nearly the same proportion

between boys (30.6 percent) and girls (30.3 percent).


Table 2.2: Distribution of Total Population by Region, Special Age Groups and Sex;2014

ILFS

Region

Sex

Population by Age Group Total

Percentage by Age Group Total

0-4 5-17 18+ 0-4 5-17 18+

Kaskazini Unguja

Boys

14,840

32,308

46,796

93,944

15.8

34.4

49.8

100

Girls

14,700

30,841

48,047

93,588

15.7

33.0

51.3

100

Total

29,539

63,150

94,843

187,532

15.8

33.7

50.6

100

Kusini Unguja

Boys

9,135

19,679

29,048

57,863

15.8

34.0

50.2

100

Girls

9,559

17,771

31,850

59,181

16.2

30.0

53.8

100

Total

18,694

37,451

60,899

117,043

16.0

32.0

52.0

100

Mjini Magharibi

Boys

44,729

89,137

157,342

291,208

15.4

30.6

54.0

100

Girls

45,192

91,993

165,988

303,174

14.9

30.3

54.8

100

Total

89,922

181,130

323,330

594,382

15.1

30.5

54.4

100

Kaskazini Pemba

Boys

22,483

47,225

54,259

123,966

18.1

38.1

43.8

100

Girls

21,285

47,835

58,176

127,297

16.7

37.6

45.7

100

Total

43,768

95,060

112,435

251,263

17.4

37.8

44.7

100

Kusini Pemba

Boys

18,650

43,384

47,236

109,270

17.1

39.7

43.2

100

Girls

18,867

42,104

52,057

113,028

16.7

37.3

46.1

100

Total

37,517

85,487

99,293

222,298

16.9

38.5

44.7

100

Total

Boys

109,837

231,732

334,681

676,251

16.2

34.3

49.5

100

Girls

109,603

230,545

356,119

696,267

15.7

33.1

51.1

100

Total

219,440

462,278

690,800

1,372,518 16.0 33.7 50.3

100


2.3 Economic Characteristics

2.3.1 GDP Growth Rate

The GDP growth rate of Zanzibar was 7.0 percent in 2014. The growth of major sectors are

Industry (6.0 percent), Services (9.8 percent) and Agriculture, Fishing and Forestry (- 0.4

percent), (Economic Survey Report, 2014).

2.3.2 Inflation Rate

The table 2.3 shows that annual inflation rate for Zanzibar in 2014 was 5.6 where inflation for

non food was higher (6.8 percent) compared to food (4.4 percent).

Table 2. 3: Zanzibar Annual Inflation Rate, 2010 to 2014

Description 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Food 6.2 18.8 6.7 1.8 4.4

Non - Food 6.2 9.9 13.2 8.5 6.8

All Items 6.1 14.7 9.4 5 5.6

Source: Economic Survey, 2014.

2.3.3 Labour Force Participation Rate for Persons Aged 15 years and Above

The labour force participation rate determine the size and composition of a country’s human

resources and is a measure of the proportion of a country’s working-age population that engages

actively in the labour market either by working or looking for work. According to the 2014 ILFS,

the total labour force participation rate of Zanzibar was 79.4 percent.The participation rate in

rural areas was higher (83.8 percent) compared to urban areas (74.1 percent). The Labour force

participation rate for boys (83.8 percent) is higher compared to girls (75.1 percent).

2.3.4 Employment by Major Economic Sectors

Service sector employs the large proportion of work force (44 percent), followed by Agriculture,

hunting and forestry (40.6 percent), while manufacturing is the sector that employs a small

proportion (15 percent) of the total employed persons.

2.3.5 Importance of the Informal Sector

The informal sector contributes extensively to the economy of Zanzibar. This sector provides

economic opportunities to those who are unable to compete in the formal sector. According to

2014 ILFS, 200,802 persons in Zanzibar were engaged in the informal sector equivalent to 38

percent of the employed population. Equal proportions between sex at national level, urban and


rural areas is observed. Majority of informal sector operators are engaged in manufacturing (21

percent), wholesale and retail (29 percent) and accomodation and food services (20 percent).

2.4 Poverty and Inequality

Preliminary report of Household Budget Survey (HBS Report, 2016) places the basic needs

poverty line at TZS 53,377 per adult equivalent per month and food poverty line at TZS 38,070

per adult equivalent per month. Using these two poverty lines, 30.4 percent of the Zanzibar

population falls below the basic needs poverty line and 10.8 percent falls below the food poverty

line. The Gini coefficient stands at 0.30 suggesting a moderate distribution of wealth in Zanzibar.

There is more inequality among the individuals in urban areas (0.31) compared to rural areas

(0.27).

According to ILFS 2014 the mean monthly income of paid employees was TZS 291,901 with

male having higher average monthly income of TZS 316,089 as compared to female that was

TZS 234,822. (ILFS Report, 2016)

2.5 Efforts to Fight Child Labour in Zanzibar

A notably progress has been achieved in fighting against child labour in Zanzibar. The first main

effort was to ratify all important conventions relate on fighting against child labour. Zanzibar as

part of the United Republic of Tanzania, has ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child

(CRC), the ILO Convention no. 182 of 1999 on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child

Labour and Convention no. 138 of 1973 on the Minimum Age for Employment.

The second effort was to domesticate related international conventions in Zanzibar laws

including labour laws such as employment Act No. 11 of 2005 and child Act No. 6 of 2011.

Those mentioned laws prohibit child labour in any form. Another effort was to mainstream in the

national policies and programmes like Zanzibar Strategy for Economic and Social

Transformation and Employment Policy.

In addition, the Government, in consultation and collaboration with other stakeholders and social

partners has formulated a seven year Strategy for the Elimination of Child Labour 2009 - 2015.

Children are also withdrawn from work and sent back to school, provided with education


facilities including books and uniforms. Families with children engaged in work activities are

supported by providing them with alternative income opportunities; for those at-risk were

prevented from becoming child labourers. Awareness has been raised, civil society has been

mobilized and monitoring visits are carried out.

2.6 Legal Instruments on Child Labour

Legal definitions of child labour contained in national legislation and in international labour

standards are the starting point for statistical definitions. Those legal frameworks provide the

essential legal basis for all national and international actions related to child labour. The

statistical measurement framework for child labour is structured around two main elements

namely the age of the child and productive activities by the child including their nature,

conditions and duration of engagement.

2.6.1 International Labour Standards

During the data analysis of this report, the review was made on the principal international

Conventions on child labour including the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child

(UNCRC) of 1989; the ILO’s Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) and the ILO’s Worst

Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182). Those mentioned international instruments

have been ratified by the United Republic of Tanzania. Also the Resolution concerning statistics

of the Eighteenth International Conference of Child Labour Statisticians (ILO, 2008) was

reviewed.

2.6.2 National Legislations

The National Legal Framework regarding children’s fundamental rights and particularly,

legislation aimed at eliminating child labour were also reviewed during data analysis. This is

usually found in the National Constitution, Employment Act, Children's Act and educational

policies.

2.7 Child Labour Measurement Framework

In Zanzibar, the Employment Act No. 11 of 2005 asserts that a child is a person under the age of

17 years. According to the Zanzibar Children’s Act No. 6 of 2011, the minimum age for

employment or engagement in work of a child shall be 15 years. However, for the purpose of this


survey (CLS 2014) and the prevention of children working in hazardous sector, a child is

defined as a person under the age of 18 years. The analysis of Child Labour will be made within

the specified age groups of 5 – 11; 12 – 14; and 15 – 17. Child labour involves work that

deprives children of the right to enjoy their childhood and places them in work that is harmful to

their physical and or mental development. The Worst forms of Child Labour, as far as the ILO

Convention No 182 of 1999 is concerned, encompasses things like slavery, commercial sex, drug

trafficking and all types of hazardous work that endanger children’s health, safety, social and

moral development and contribute to children’s human rights abuses. In this Report, the Worst

form of Child Labour was not covered due to difficulties on statistical measurement

technicalities.

2.8 Estimation of Child Labour

Child labourers can be grouped in mutually exclusive categories according to the type and

conditions of their work. This categorization provides a distribution of child labour in which

children are counted only once, even if they face multiple risks. In this report the analysis

follows also the approach contained in the Global guidelines for child labour statistics set out in

the Resolution concerning statistics of the Eighteenth International Conference of Child Labour

Statisticians, 2008. As worst forms of child labour other than hazardous work are not captured by

household-based child labour surveys, this component of child labour will not be included in the

estimates of child labour.

Child labour classification process for statistical measurement includes:

1. Hazardous work:

All children aged 5-17 working in designated hazardous industries (mining and

quarrying, and construction);

Among working children aged 5-17 not working in hazardous industries, those who are

working in designated hazardous occupations;

Among working children aged 5-17 not working in hazardous industries nor in hazardous

occupations, those who are working for long hours (43 hours or more per week);

Among working children aged 5-17 not working in hazardous industries, hazardous

occupations and not for long hours, those who are working under hazardous conditions.


2. Child labour other than hazardous work:

All children aged 5-11 that are not in hazardous work;

All children aged 12-14 that are not in hazardous work and work for 14 hours or more

(not in light work).


Figure 2. 1: Summary of Children's Status Aged 5-17 Years, 2014 CLS

Total Children Aged

5 -17 Years

462,278

Male Female

231,732 230,545

50.1% 49.8%

Non working Children

57,523

Male Female

32,250 25,273

56.0% 43.9%

Children in Household Chores

350,182

Male Female

168,069 182,113

47.9% 52.0%

Children in Employment

(Economic Activities)

54,572

Male Female

31,413 23,159

57.6% 42.4%

Children in Child Labour

25,803

Male Female

15,855 9,948

61.4% 38.6%

Children in Non Hazardous Child Labour

12,190

Male Female

7,177 5,014

58.9% 41.1%

Children in Hazardous Child Labour

13,613

Male Female

8,679 4,935

63.8% 36.2%

Children Not in Child Labour

28,769

Male Female

15,557 13,211

54.1% 45.9%


CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

This chapter summarizes the survey methodology and data collection exercise, it also present

information such as the scope and coverage of the survey, questionnaire design, sampling design

and implementation, pre-test and pilot test, field work, data processing, response rates and

weights, lessons learned and limitations of the survey.

3.2 Scope and Coverage of the Survey

For the purpose of child labour survey, respondents were persons aged 5 to 17 years living in

selected households. The children interviewed were usual residents in the selected household or

if a child reside in the household for three month or more. The child labour survey is one of the

modules of integrated labour force survey.

3.3 Questionnaire

The questionnaire was classified into four modules namely Labour force, informal sector,

working children and time use.

The Labour Force module consists of two forms, LFS 1 and LFS 2. The LFS 1 which was

administered to the head of household as representative of all members consists a list of usual

residents and visitors, household economic activities, income, household amenities and

community services.

The LFS 2 was an individual questionnaire for each member of a household aged five years and

above and consists of questions based on usual economic activities, current economic activities,

unemployment, main economic activities, hours worked and income.

The informal sector module is a part of LFS 2. It was identified through filtered questions

including registration of the business, number of employees and record keeping or books of

accounts. The eligible persons for this module was the persons who own the business only.

The working children module was administered for children aged 5 to 17 years in the survey.

This module includes questions on economic and non economic activities perfomed by children,


school attendance and hours of work, health and safety aspect of working children and children

perception.

TIME USE

The respondents of this module were persons aged five years and above. It captures the time use

of activities performed by one selected persons in each household.

3.4 Sampling Design and Implementation

The 2014 ILFS was designed from the frame of the 2012 Tanzania Population and Housing

Census (TPHC, 2012). Three stage of stratified sample was used where by the first stage

included the selection of 290 Enumeration areas which are representative at National, Urban -

Rural and Regional level. The second stage involved the selection of 24 households from each

enumeration area and the third stage used Kish grid approach for the selection of a respondent in

time use questionnaire.

Table 3.1: Total Number of Private EAs by Region and Number of EAs

Selected per Rural/Urban Domain

Stratum

Total Number EAs Number of Selected EA’s

Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total

Kaskazini Unguja 405 40 445 38 12 50

Kusini Unguja 319 22 341 34 8 42

Mjini Magharibi 207 1,028 1,235 32 80 112 Kaskazini Pemba 406 75 481 26 12 38

Kusini Pemba 365 88 453 36 12 48

Total 1,702 1,253 2,955 166 124 290

Table 3.2: Distribution of Selected EAs and Households by Area

Rural Urban Total

Selected Enumeration Areas (EAs) 166 124 290

Selected Households 3,984 2,976 6,960


PRE-TEST

The pre-test of CLS, as a module, went together with the pre-test of ILFS. The pre test was

conducted in Morogoro (March, 2013) for both rural and urban areas. Kiswahili questionnaire

was used and the objectives were to test and verify the logic and flow of questions. The pretest

also intended to identify the ability of respondents in understanding the questions. On average

each person required to interview two households in rural areas and two in urban areas. After this

exercise the team discussed the challenges and solutions from the field. The exercise was

successful and small modification of questionnaire (especially in skipping patterns) was done

accordingly. The instruction manuals for enumerators and supervisors were then developed.

PILOT TEST

Pilot test was carried out to test the questionnaire and all the survey logistics if they meet the

intended standards. It was conducted from July to August 2013 in two regions of Zanzibar (Mjini

Magharibi and Kusini Pemba). The purpose was to test overall survey organization, including

transport logistics, time taken to interview a household, quality of data, editing and coding, and

some of the table were produced to check the program.

3.5 Training of Enumerators and Supervisors

The training was divided into two stages. The first stage was the training of trainers which was

conducted at national level where by members of technical working group from OCGS and the

MLEEYWC attended and the second stage was training of supervisors and field enumerators.

The training was conducted in two zones Unguja and Pemba Island. The method of training

included classroom lectures, test and mock. After classroom exercise the trainees went for field

practical. This helped the trainers to assess the trainees in both theory and practical.

FIELD WORK

The field work started immediately after training. The supervisors and enumerators were

distributed for their areas for field work.

Majority of the field staff had already attended at least one survey conducted by OCGS. There

were 79 enumerators and 17 field supervisors which make an average of five enumerators per

supervisor. This number was sufficient enough to minimize error during field work. The


supervisors went through the filled questionnaires and sometimes randomly selected the filled

questionnaire and back to the household for re – interviewing in order to manage the quality of

the data. Addition to that, the team of three quality control personel was assigned and

participated fully during field work for assuring the quality of the data collected.

Household interviews were conducted in quarterly basis which led all seasonal activities to be

included. Well designed questionnaires were used to collect information from households and

the enumerators were checking the filled questionnaires before living to the interviewed

household as they were instructed. For any missing information or inconsistencies, enumerators

were asked to return to households for clarification. A completed questionnaire from

enumerators were submitted to field supervisor who submited them to regional supervisor for

further checking and handling to the office.

DATA PROCESSING

Data processing started when regional supervisor submitted questionnaires to manual editors.

Questionnaires were checked for their identification, relavence and consistency of information;

they were further coded using Tanzania Standard Classification of Occupation (TASCO) and

International Standard of Industry Classification Revision 4 (ISIC Rev.4) specifications.

Data was captured using Census and Survey Processing (CSpro) and analysed using Statistical

Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) softwares.

3.6 Sampling and Sample Weight

For the sample estimates to be representative to the total population, it is necessary to multiply

the data by a sampling weight, or expansion factor. Principally the basic weight for each sample

household is equal to the inverse of its probability of selection (calculated by multiplying the

probabilities at each sampling stage). The sampling probabilities at each stage of selection were

maintained in an Excel spreadsheet with information from the sampling frame for each sampled

EA so that the overall probability and corresponding weights were calculated. The basic

sampling weight, or expansion factor, is calculated as the inverse of the probability of selection.

The weight can be expressed as follows:


hihih

hihhi

mMn

MMW

'

where:

Whi = basic weight for the sample households in the i-th sample EA in stratum h

Mh = total number of households in the sampling frame of EAs for stratum h

M'hi = total number of households listed in the i-th sample EA in stratum

nh = number of sampled EAs selected in stratum h.

Mhi = total number of households in the frame for the i-th sample EA in stratum h

mhi = number of sample households selected in the i-th sample EA in stratum h

If mhi is constant for each stratum (24 households), the sample will be approximately self-

weighting within each stratum. These weights will vary slightly based on the difference between

the number of households listed in each sampled EAs and the corresponding number from the

sampling frame.

3.7 Lessons Learned and Limitations of the Survey

The main limitations faced in conducting CLS are:

Length of the questionnaire – too many questions that prompted some respondents to

postpond the interview. This cost time in call backs and hence increasing the cost of the

survey.

Interviewing children in the age range 5-7 years – some of these children were too young

to answer the questions, especially those related to economic behaviours.

The above suggests the need of improving questions on labour force to precisely reflect

questions on labour market.

0


CHAPTER FOUR: CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS

4.1 Introduction

Child labour (CL) Report has been derived from the results of the ILFS 2014. It was one among

the modules in the ILFS 2014. The survey produces vital statistics information which is

important for planning, policy formulation and providing indicators for monitoring, evaluation

and mitigating against child labour.

In analyzing child labour data, the concepts and definitions used were as recommended by the

ILO and as to per the guidelines provided in the Resolution of Child Labour statistics adopted

by the 18th International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS).

The following are the major terms used for the 2014 Child Labour Report:

4.2 Concepts and Definitions

A Child

According to the Zanzibar Employment Act No. 11 of 2005, a child is a

person under the age of 17 years. However, for the purpose of this survey and

the need of preventing children working in hazardous sector, a child is defined

as a person under the age of 18 years.

Minimum Age for

Employment

According to the Zanzibar Children’s Act No.6 of 2011, the minimum age for

employment or engagement in work of a child is 15 years and above.

Target Population

A target population for the Child Labour Report is 5-17 years. The analysis of

Child labour was made within the specified age groups of 5 – 11; 12 – 14; and

15 – 17.

SNA production

boundary

This involve all activities including all production of goods and provision of

services for the market, as well as production of goods for own consumption.

Economic Activities

Economic activity as defined by the United Nations System of National

Accounts (SNA) of 1993 covers all market production and certain types of

non market productions, including production and processing of primary

products for own consumption, own account construction and other

production of fixed assets for own use.


Non-economic

activities

Non-economic activities include unpaid production of services for own

consumption, such as housework and care of other household members.

Light work

It is type of work not likely to be harmful to the health or development of a

child; and not such as to prejudice the attendance at school, the participation in

vocational orientation or training programmes.

Children in

employment

Are those children engaged in any activity falling within the production

boundary in the SNA for at least one hour during the reference period.

Engagement in these activities classifies a person as employed.

The terms “children in employment” and “employed children” are used

interchangeably in this report.

Children seeking

work

These are unemployed children who are not engaged in any economic activity

may want to work and be available for work, if offered.

Child Labour

The International Labour Organization (ILO) defines child labour as “work

that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and

that is harmful to their physical and mental development.

Child labour involves work that deprives children of the right to enjoy their

childhood and places them in work that is harmful to their physical and or

mental development.

Hazardous work

It includes children who work in designated hazardous industries (namely,

mining and quarrying, and construction); work in designated hazardous

occupations; working for long hours (43 hours or more per week); or who are

working under hazardous conditions.

Non Hazardous work

It includes work performed by all children aged 5-11 that are not in hazardous

work; or work performed by all children aged 12-14 that are not in hazardous

work and work for 14 hours or more a week (not in light work).

Unpaid household

activities (household

chores):

It includes all unpaid household services, that is, the production of domestic

and personal services by a household member for consumption within their

own household.


Vulnerable children

These are children who are living in households not headed by a parent or

close relative; or foster children, orphaned children or children in domestic

services as paid employees – in cash or in kind.

Current

Refers to the calendar previous week (Monday to Sunday) prior to the date of

interview.

Usual

Refers to previous 12 months up to the end of the calendar month preceding

the date of interview.


CHAPTER FIVE: CHILDREN CHARACTERISTICS

5.1 Introduction

This chapter presents the survey findings concerning children’s main activities including, non

working children, household chores and children not in child labour. In addition to children’s

main activities, it provides information on children’s population, time spent by children in doing

different activities.

5.2 Population of Children Aged 5-17 Years

The findings from table 5.1 show that there are 462,278 children aged 5-17 with younger

children aged 5-11 having the highest proportion (58.2 percent). There is no remarkable variation

between sex across the age groups. The results further reveal that higher proportion of children

reside in rural areas (59.7 percent) than in urban areas (40.1 percent). There is no difference

observed between sex across age groups for urban and rural areas.

Table 5.1: Distribution of Child Population by Age Group, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Age group

Rural Urban Total


5-11 58.3 59.6 59.0 57.8 56.1 57.0 58.1 58.2 58.2

12-14 23.4 23.5 23.4 23.2 23.4 23.3 23.3 23.4 23.4

15-17 18.3 16.9 17.6 18.9 20.5 19.7 18.5 18.4 18.5

Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Population

140,512

136,233

276,745

91,221

94,312

185,533

231,732

230,545

462,278


The results reveal that Mjini Magharibi comprises the highest proportion (39.2 percent) of children aged 5-17 while Kusini Unguja

has the least (8.1 percent). Composition of child population in administrative regions suggest equal proportion of children by age

groups.

Sex disparities are not so marked within each region, although there is markable proportion disparity of 3.8 percent for the children

aged 15-17 in Kaskazini Pemba.

Table 5. 2: Distribution of Child Population by Age Group, Region and Sex; 2014 CLS

Age group

Kaskazini Unguja Kusini Unguja Mjini Magharibi Kaskazini Pemba Kusini Pemba Total

Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

5-11 57.2 57.2 57.2 55.8 58.4 57.0 58.2 56.7 57.4 58.6 61.0 59.8 59.3 59.0 59.1 58.1 58.2 58.2

12-14 23.7 23.2 23.4 26.8 25.0 25.9 22.7 23.8 23.2 22.5 23.8 23.2 23.7 21.7 22.7 23.3 23.4 23.4

15-17 19.1 19.6 19.4 17.5 16.7 17.1 19.1 19.6 19.3 18.9 15.1 17.0 17.0 19.4 18.2 18.5 18.4 18.5 Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Population

32,308

30,841

63,150 19,679 17,771

37,451

89,137

91,993

181,130

47,225 47,835

95,060

43,384 42,104

85,487

231,732 230,545 462,278


5.3 Non Working Children

Non working children are those who are neither doing household chores nor employed. Table

5.3 shows that, the total number of non working children was 57,523 which is equivalent to 12.4

percent of total children (462,278) aged 5-17. Majority of non working children are in age group

5-11 with proportionately more girls ( 93.4 percent) than boys (91.5 percent). More of the non

working children were found in rural areas (31,000) compared to urban areas (26,523). The data

shows that, more of non working children are boys (32,250) compared to girls (25,273).

Table 5.3: Distribution of Non Working Children by Age Groups, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Age group

Rural Urban Total


5-11 93.6 93.8 93.7 89.0 93.0 90.8 91.5 93.4 92.3

12-14 3.2 2.6 2.9 7.4 4.0 5.9 5.1 3.2 4.3

15-17 3.2 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4

Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Population

17,571

13,429

31,000

14,679

11,844

26,523

32,250

25,273 57,523

The results (Table 5.4) reveals that, Mjini Magharibi has high proportion of non working

children which accounts 47.6 percent and Kusini Unguja is the last region which has the lowest

number of non working children (5 percent).

Table 5.4: Distribution of Non Working Children by Region, Age Groups and Sex;

2014 CLS

Region

Boys Girls Total

5-11 12-14 15-17 Total 5-11 12-14 15-17 Total 5-11 12-14 15-17 Total

Kaskazini Unguja 14.7 7.3 13.9 14.3 13.8 9.4 13.4 13.6 14.3 8.0 13.7 14.0 Kusini Unguja 6.0 3.5 1.7 5.8 4.2 0.0 10.4 4.3 5.2 2.3 5.5 5.1 Mjini Magharibi 46.2 65.5 50.1 47.3 47.8 59.5 45.0 48.1 46.9 63.5 47.9 47.6 Kaskazini Pemba 16.9 11.5 19.7 16.8 16.3 12.1 7.5 15.9 16.7 11.7 14.4 16.4 Kusini Pemba 16.2 12.3 14.7 15.9 17.9 18.9 23.7 18.2 17.0 14.5 18.6 16.9 Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Population

29,506

1,646 1,099

32,250

23,608

817

847

25,273

53,114

2,463

1,946

57,523


5.4 Children Engaged in Household Chores

Table 5.5 reveals that, three quarters (75.8 percent ) of the total children aged 5-17 are engaged

in household chores with higher proportion for girls (52.2 percent) compared to boys (48.0

percent). Children of age 5-11 has the largest proportion (57.8 percent) of children performing

household chores compares to other age groups. Children in rural areas (197,416) are more

likely to perform household chores than in urban areas (152,766).

Table 5.5: Percentage Distribution of Children in Household Chores (non-economic) by

Age Groups, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Age group

Rural Urban Total

Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls

Total

5-11 61.9 61.4 61.6 53.8 52.1 52.9 58.4 57.3 57.8

12-14 23.9 24.7 24.3 25.8 25.6 25.7 24.7 25.1 24.9

15-17 14.1 14.0 14.0 20.4 22.3 21.4 16.9 17.6 17.3

Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Population 95,169 102,247 197,416 72,900 79,866 152,766 168,069 182,113 350,182

Hours of work and a child’s age are criteria to identify whether a child is in child labour or not.

Among 350,182 children doing household chores 99 percent are working for more than 14

hours per week . More than half of children (58 percent) aged 5-11 work more than 14 hours

per week. The proportion of children decreases as age increase for both boys and girls, (Table

5.6).

Table 5. 6: Distribution of Children in Household Chores by Age Groups, Working Hours

and Sex; 2014 CLS

Age Group

Hours per week

Less than 14hrs 14 hrs and above Total


5-11 78 85 81 58 57 58 58 57 58 12-14 11 13 12 25 25 25 25 25 25 15-17 11 2 7 17 18 17 17 18 17

Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0


Generally (Table 5.7), children spend an average of 22 hours per week performing household

chores where those living in rural areas spend more hours (24 hours on average) compared to

those living in urban areas (19 hours on average).


Table 5. 7: Average Weekly Hours of Children in Household Chores by Age Groups and

Area; 2014 CLS

Age Group

Rural Urban Total

Average hours

5-11 6 4 5

12-14 9 6 8

15-17 10 8 9

Total 24 19 22

The measures of actual minutes spent by children in household chores is shown in Table 5.8.

On weekend (Saturdays and Sundays) children spend more than 60 minutes per day. Generally

girls spend more minutes per day than boys in household duties.

Table 5. 8: Average Minutes per Day of Children in Household Chores by Age Groups and

Sex; 2014 CLS

Day of the week

5-11 12-14 15-17 Total

Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

Saturday 50 59 55 74 93 84 80 111 97 61 77 69

Sunday 51 59 55 73 99 87 81 112 98 62 78 70

Monday 38 43 41 49 65 57 55 82 69 44 55 50

Tuesday 36 40 38 46 61 54 52 79 66 41 52 47

Wednesday 36 41 39 46 62 54 52 81 67 41 53 47

Thursday 37 42 40 50 63 56 52 79 66 43 54 48

Friday 41 47 44 53 70 62 54 81 69 46 59 53

Table 5.9 shows that, children in rural areas spent more minutes per day in performing household

chores than those living in urban areas. On weekdays children spent less than 60 minutes per day

in household chores.


Table 5. 9: Average Minutes Per Day of Children in Household Chores by Age Group,

Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Day of the week Saturday Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

5-11

Rural

Boys 57 57 44 41 40 42 47

Girls 64 64 46 44 45 46 52

Total 60 61 45 43 43 44 49

Urban

Boys 41 44 31 28 30 29 33

Girls 52 52 38 34 36 37 41

Total 47 48 35 31 33 33 37

Total

Boys 50 51 38 36 36 37 41

Girls 59 59 43 40 41 42 47

Total 55 55 41 38 39 40 44

12-14

Rural

Boys 81 80 57 53 51 59 61

Girls 102 107 75 71 70 71 77

Total 92 94 66 62 61 65 69

Urban

Boys 65 65 40 38 40 39 44

Girls 82 89 54 50 51 53 62

Total 74 78 47 44 45 46 53

Total

Boys 74 73 49 46 46 50 53

Girls 93 99 65 61 62 63 70

Total 84 87 57 54 54 56 62

15-17

Rural

Boys 86 91 60 57 58 58 60

Girls 114 119 87 84 86 84 93

Total 100 105 74 71 73 72 77

Urban

Boys 75 72 51 47 47 47 49

Girls 109 107 77 75 76 74 72

Total 93 91 65 62 63 62 61

Total

Boys 80 81 55 52 52 52 54

Girls 111 112 82 79 81 79 81

Total 97 98 69 66 67 66 69

Total

Rural

Boys 67 67 49 46 45 48 52

Girls 80 83 59 56 57 57 64

Total 74 75 54 51 51 53 58

Urban

Boys 54 55 37 34 36 35 39

Girls 72 73 51 47 49 49 53

Total 63 64 44 41 42 43 46

Total

Boys 61 62 44 41 41 43 46

Girls 77 78 55 52 53 54 59

Total 69 70 50 47 47 48 53


Mjini Magharibi has the highest number of children (147,007) doing household chores compared to other regions while Kusini

Unguja has the lowest number ( 25,142).

In all regions except Kusini Unguja have more girls in doing household chores compared to boys, (Table 5.10).

Table 5. 10: Distribution of Children in Household Chores by Age Groups, Region and Sex; 2014 CLS

Age group


Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

5-11 55.2 54.6 54.9 64.3 66.6 65.4 53.9 52.4 53.1 62.7 63.1 62.9 64.7 61.5 63.1 58.4 57.3 57.8

12-14 27.6 25.7 26.6 25.1 24.4 24.8 25.6 26.1 25.9 21.8 24.7 23.3 23.3 22.4 22.8 24.7 25.1 24.9

15-17 17.2 19.7 18.5 10.6 9.0 9.8 20.5 21.4 21.0 15.5 12.2 13.7 12.0 16.1 14.1 16.9 17.6 17.3

Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Population

25,124

26,134

51,258

12,773

12,369

25,142

69,773

77,234

147,007

31,946

36,958

68,904 28,453

29,419 57,872

168,069

182,113

350,182


5.5 Children not in Child Labour

The Table 5.11 shows that, out of 54,572 employed children, 52.7 percent were not in child

labour, with majority of them (60.5 percent) are aged 15-17. In general the percentage of boys

not in child labour was higher compared with girls. The results further illustrate that children in

urban areas are more likely to be angaged in child labour than children living in rural areas.

Table 5.11: Distribution of Children not in Child Labour by Age Groups, Area and Sex;

2014 CLS Zanzibar CLS

Age group

Rural Urban Total


5-11 4.4 10.7 7.3 2.7 0.5 1.7 4.2 9.3 6.6

12-14 33.7 30.2 32.1 34.9 42.6 38.5 33.8 31.8 32.9

15-17 61.9 59.2 60.6 62.4 56.8 59.9 61.9 58.9 60.5

Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Population 13,514 11,474 24,988 2,044 1,737

3,780 15,557 13,211 28,769


CHAPTER SIX: EMPLOYED AND NON EMPLOYED CHILDREN

6.1 Introduction

The analysis of the Child Labour characteristics discussed in this chapter provides an overview

of the employed and unemployed children. It also provides important information regarding

their age groups, employment status, industries of employment, occupation, reason for working,

average hours worked, children seeking employment and type of work willing to do.The

information helps the government to track the employment of children below 18 years in

various sectors.

6.2 Employed Children

The findings (Table 6.1) shows that, there were 54,572 employed children aged 5-17; 57.6

percent were boys. Majority of the employed children (42.2 percent) are aged 15 - 17 and the

younger children aged 5 – 11 accounted for 24.2 percent. Girls were more likely (26.6 percent)

to be engaged in employment at lower age (5 -11 years) compared to boys (22. 4 percent) while

for the remaining age groups, boys were more likely to be engaged in employment compared to

girls.

Large proportion of the employed children (88.6 percent) were living in rural areas. The

younger children aged 5 -11 in rural areas were more likely (25.7 percent) to be engaged in

economic activities compared to those in urban areas (12.2 percent). Generally, the proportion

of employed children increases with increase in age.

Table 6. 1: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Age Groups, Area and Sex;

2014 CLS

Age group

Rural Urban Total


5-11 23.6 28.5 25.7 12.9 11.3 12.2 22.4 26.6 24.2

12-14 34.4 31.0 33.0 35.8 43.7 39.1 34.5 32.4 33.7

15-17 42.0 40.5 41.3 51.3 45.1 48.7 43.1 41.0 42.2

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total 27,771 20,557 48,329 3,641 2,602 6,243 31,413 23,159 54,572

The results from Table 6.2 show that children aged 15-17 in Kaskazini Unguja has the highest

proportion (64.5 percent) of employed children compared to other regions, followed by Mjini


Magharibi (48.8 percent). In all administrative regions and to both boys and girls the proportion

of working children generally increased with increase age.

Large disparity for the proportion of children who were engaged in child work between boys

and girls was observed in Mjini Magharibi accross the age group 12-14 where boys had 31.5

percent compared to 46.1percent for girls. The least difference between boys and girls was

recorded in Kusini Unguja across age group 15-17 where boys had 40.9 percent compared to

40.7 percent for girls.

Figure 6.1 shows that Kusini Pemba has the highest proportion (32.8 percent) of employed

children aged 5-17 compared to other regions while Kaskazini Unguja recorded the lowest

proportion (7.1 percent).

Figure 6. 1: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Region; 2014 CLS


Table 6. 2: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Age groups, Region and Sex; 2014 CLS

Age group


Boys Girls

Total

Boys Girls

Total

Boys Girls

Total

Boys Girls Total

Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

5-11 11.4 10.5 11.1 19.5 26.5 22.7 14.6 13.3 14.1 26.7 29.5 27.8 25.8 30.9 28.1 22.4 26.6 24.2

12-14 23.0 27.3 24.4 39.7 32.8 36.5 31.5 46.1 37.2 35.4 31.7 33.9 35.4 29.3 32.6 34.5 32.4 33.7

15-17 65.6 62.2 64.5 40.9 40.7 40.8 53.9 40.6 48.8 37.9 38.8 38.3 38.9 39.8 39.3 43.1 41.0 42.2

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total 2,583 1,271 3,854 5,049 4,319 9,368 4,117 2,607 6,724 9,875 6,867 16,742 9,789 8,095 17,884 31,413 23,159 54,572


6.2.1 Employment Status

The information on the status of employment for the employed children may be provided as those who

are working for wages or salaries, running their own enterprises, with or without employees or working

without pay within the family unit. The employed persons basically are divided into self and paid

employees.

The results (Table 6.3) shows that, about three in every ten (29.3 percent) employed children were self

employed (non-agriculture) without employees, while only one in every ten was paid employee. Girls

employed were more likely (38.0 percent) to be self-employed in non-agricultural activities without

employees than in other employment status. Boys employed were more likely (30.7 percent) to be

engaged as unpaid family helpers (in crops growing), while only 11.7 percent were paid employed.

The results further shows that, children who were paid employee were more common in urban (23.6

percent) compared with rural areas (7.4 percent) while there are more unpaid family helpers (in crops

growing) in rural (31.1 percent) compared with urban areas (26.7 percent).

Table 6. 3: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Employment Status, Area and Sex;

2014 CLS

Employment Status

Rural Urban Total


A paid employee 9.8 4.3 7.4 26.3 19.8 23.6 11.7 6.0 9.3

A self employed (non-agricultural) with employees 1.7 0.6 1.2 5.2 3.7 4.6 2.1 0.9 1.6

A self employed (non-agricultural) without employees 23.3 39.3 30.1 19.1 28.0 22.8 22.8 38.0 29.3

Unpaid family helper (non-agricultural) 2.3 9.5 5.4 11.7 17.5 14.1 3.4 10.4 6.4

Unpaid family helper (in fishing) 1.3 1.9 1.6 0.3 0.0 0.2 1.2 1.7 1.4

Unpaid family helper (in crops growing) 31.6 30.4 31.1 23.6 31.0 26.7 30.7 30.5 30.6

Unpaid family helper (in livestocks/animals) 7.7 1.2 4.9 3.6 0.0 2.1 7.2 1.1 4.6

Work on own farm or shamba (fishing) 11.5 2.8 7.8 3.3 0.0 1.9 10.5 2.5 7.1

Work on own farm or shamba (crops growing) 9.2 9.9 9.5 3.5 0.0 2.1 8.5 8.8 8.7

Work on own farm or shamba (livestock/animals) 1.7 0.0 1.0 3.4 0.0 2.0 1.9 0.0 1.1

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total 27,771 20,557 48,329 3,641 2,602 6,243 31,413 23,159 54,572


6.2.2 Distribution of Employed Persons by Industry

This section analyses the distribution of employed children by economic activity. The findings (Figure

6.2) shows that about 46 percent of the children are engaged in Agricultural, Forestry and Fishing Sector

while Service Sector was the least (22 percent) of the three Sectors.

Figure 6.2: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Sector,

2014 CLS

The analysis from Table 6.4 shows that, majority of children are engaged in Agriculture, forestry and

fishing industry (56.8percent) whereby boys recorded higher proportion (64.8 percent) compared with

girls (46 percent). Wholesale and retail trade is the second industry by employing more boys (14.9

percent) while manufacturing is the second industry by employing more girls (18.1 percent).

The finding further shows that, children engaged in agriculture, forest and fishing are more prevalent in

rural areas (59.9 percent) compared with urban areas (32.8 percent) while those who engaged in

accommodation and food service activities are more common in urban.


Table 6.4: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Industry, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Industry Rural Urban Total


Agriculture, forestry and fishing 68.5 48.3 59.9 36.5 27.7 32.8 64.8 46.0 56.8 Mining and quarrying 6.2 14.7 9.8 7.0 3.4 5.5 6.3 13.4 9.3 Manufacturing 4.1 18.8 10.4 0.7 12.7 5.7 3.7 18.1 9.8 Construction 2.3 0.1 1.4 4.9 0.0 2.9 2.6 0.1 1.6 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 14.4 9.0 12.1 18.7 10.1 15.1 14.9 9.1 12.4 Transportation and storage 2.6 0.2 1.6 6.3 0.0 3.7 3.0 0.2 1.8 Accommodation and food service activities 1.0 7.9 4.0 11.7 24.1 16.9 2.2 9.8 5.4 Information and communication 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 2.3 2.0 0.2 0.3 0.2 Real estate activities 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Administrative and support service activities 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 Arts, entertainment and recreation 0.0 0.2 0.1 1.2 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 Other service activities 0.6 0.8 0.7 11.3 7.5 9.7 1.9 1.5 1.7 Activities of households as employers 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.0 5.0 0.0 1.4 0.6

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total 27,771 20,557 48,329 3,641 2,602 6,243 31,413 23,159 54,572

6.2.3 Distribution of Employed Persons by Occupation

The result from table 6.5 shows that, majority of the employed children (56.8 percent) were Agricultural,

forest and fishery workers where by among all employed person boys accounted for 63.5 percent, and

employed girls recorded 47.6 percent. No girls employed were clerks or Skilled Agricultural and Fishery

workers.

The findings further reveals that, in rural area both boys and girls were highly likely (66.9 and 49.8

percent, respectively) to be employed as Agricultural and Fishery workers but neither boys no girls were

employed as Technicians, Associate Professionals and Clerks. In urban area, about two out of every five

boys (38.1 percent) were employed as Agricultural and Fishery workers while no boys were employed as

Plant and machine operators or assemblers.


Table 6.5: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Occupation, Area And Sex;

2014 CLS

Occupation

Rural Urban Total


Technicians and Associate Proffesionals 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.1 Clerks 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0


Agricultural and Fishery workers 66.9 49.8 59.6 38.1 30.4 34.9 63.5 47.6 56.8




Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total 27,771 20,557 48,329 3,641 2,602 6,243 31,413 23,159 54,572

6.2.4 Average Hours Worked

Table 6.6 shows that on average children of age 5-17 worked for 17 hours a week. Boys worked for

longer hours (average of 19 hours) compared to girls (average of 14 hours). Children in Urban areas tend

to work more hours per week (average of 20 hours) compared to rural areas (average of 16 hours). Older

children aged 15–17 work for longer hours (21 hours per week) compared to other age groups. The data

further show that, the average working hours increase with the age of employed children.

Table 6.6: Distribution of Average Hours Worked of Employed Children by Age group,

Area and Sex; 2014CLS

Age group

Rural Urban Total


5-11 14 9 12 13 12 13 14 10 12

12-14 16 14 15 15 14 15 16 14 15

15-17 23 17 20 27 24 26 23 17 21

Total 18 14 16 21 18 20 19 14 17

The results from Table 6.7 shows that employed children work longer at a day time (average of 185

minutes) compared to evening (70 minutes) and night ( 12 minutes) time. The same situation is observed

to both boys and girls. Generally, as the age of employed children increases the time of working also

increases.


Table 6.7: Distribution of Time (Minutes) in Which Work of Employed Children is Performed

by Age-Groups and Sex; 2014 CLS

Age group Boys Girls Total

day time evening

time night

time day time

evening time

night time day time

evening time

night time

5-11 166 58 5 134 60 7 151 59 6

12-14 186 68 9 174 85 15 181 75 12

15-17 217 76 16 195 68 15 208 73 16

Total 194 69 11 172 71 13 185 70 12

6.3 Unemployed Children

Girls recorded slightly higher proportion (51.1 percent) of unemployed children compared to boys ( 48.9

percent). This is true to both rural and urban areas (Figure 6.3).

Figure 6.3: Proportion of Currently Unemployed Children byArea and Sex; 2014 CLS

6.3.1 Children Seeking for Work

The findings (Table 6.8) suggest that, a total of 831 children aged 5-17 were seeking for work, whereby

boys have higher proportion (60.3 percent) compared to girls (39.7 percent).The proportion of children

seeking work increases as the age of children increases across all age groups.

Almost two thirds of children (64.5 percent) who were seeking work reside in rural areas.The proportion

of children who were seeking work was higher in rural areas than urban areas for age groups 5 -11 and

12 - 14 while it is lower for age groups 15-17.


Table 6. 8: Percentage of Children Seeking Work by Age Groups, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Working children

Rural Urban Total


5-11 9.3 0.0 5.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.9 0.0 3.6

12-14 18.6 29.8 23.1 7.8 0.0 4.9 14.7 19.6 16.6

15-17 72.2 70.2 71.4 92.2 100.0 95.1 79.4 80.4 79.8

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total 319 217 536 183 112 295 501 330 831

The results in Table 6.9 show that majority of children were more likely to seek for the full time work

(86.6 percent) compared to part time work (13.4 percent). Nine in every ten girls and eight in every ten

boys were seeking full time work.

In rural areas, majority of boys (94.5perent) were willing to be engaged in full time job compared with

girls (86.4 percent). The situation was reversed for children seeking for part time work. In urban areas,

all girls seking for work (100 perent) were willing to be engaged in full time work compared with boys

(55.0 percent).

Table 6.9: Distribution of Children Seeking Work by Type of Work Willing to do, Area And Sex;

2014 CLS

Type of work willing to do Rural Urban Total


Full time work 100.0 86.4 94.5 55.0 100.0 72.1 83.6 91.0 86.6

Part time work 0.0 13.6 5.5 45.0 0.0 27.9 16.4 9.0 13.4

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total 319 217 536 183 112 295 501 330 831

The results displayed in Table 6.10 show that Mjini Magharibi has the highest proportion (38.3 percent)

of the children who were seeking work while Kusini Unguja recorded the lowest proportion (7.4 percent).

Kusini Pemba was leading by recording the highest proportion of children who were seeking for work at

lower ages (5-11 years) while Mjini Magharibi recorded the highest proportion (48.0 percent) of the

chidren who were seeking work at older age (15-17 years).

Kusini Pemba was also leading by recording the highest proportion (100 percent) of boys who were

seeking for work at lower ages while Kaskazini Unguja recorded the highest proportion (100 percent) of

girls who were seeking for work at older ages (15 - 17 years).


Table 6.10: Proportion of Children Seeking Work by Region, Sex and Age Groups; 2014 CLS

Region

Boys Girls Total

5-11 12-14 15-17 5-17 12-14 15-17 5-17 5-11 12-14 15-17 5-17

Kaskazini Unguja 0.0 19.5 16.9 16.3 100.0 4.3 23.1 0.0 57.2 11.9 19.0

Kusini Unguja 0.0 40.4 0.0 5.9 0.0 12.0 9.7 0.0 21.5 4.8 7.4

Mjini magharibi 0.0 0.0 43.1 34.2 0.0 55.3 44.5 0.0 0.0 48.0 38.3

Kaskazini Pemba 0.0 0.0 40.0 31.8 0.0 17.2 13.8 0.0 0.0 30.9 24.7

Kusini Pemba 100.0 40.2 0.0 11.8 0.0 11.2 9.0 100.0 21.4 4.5 10.7

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total 30 74 398 501 65 265 330 30 138 663 831


CHAPTER SEVEN: CHILDREN EARNINGS

7.1 Introduction

This chapter presents results of income earned by employed children from 2014 Child Labour survey.

The income has been distributed by type of employment status, in broad sectors, by industry and sex. The

results also show an average income earned by employed children that is paid and self employed and

number of employees according to their income.

7.2 Income of Employed Children

Table 7.1 depicts that, average monthly income of employed children aged 5-17 years in Zanzibar was

TZS. 29,348, with boys earning more (TZS. 34,346) than girls (TZS. 22,570) per month. Children aged

15-17years earn twice as much (TZS 40,202) compared to other age groups. With exception of children

aged 5-11 where girls earn more (TZS 28,297) than boys (TZS 18,909), the remaining age groups are

dominated by boys. The trend of average monthly income for boys increases as age increases while it

fluctuate for girls.

Employed children in urban areas has higher monthly income (TZS. 43,885) than rural areas (TZS.

27,471). The results further shows that the boys-to-girls income gap is more noticed in age group 12-14,

where boys earned nearly four times the income of girls in urban areas (TZS. 39,0002 and TZS. 8,130,

respectively).

Table 7.1: Average Monthly Income of Employed Children by Age groups, Area and Sex;

2014 CLS

Age group

Rural Urban Total


5-11 19,631.3 29,491.8 24,280.6 8,795.7 4,470.4 7,129.6 18,909.0 28,296.8 23,288.5

12-14 26,658.2 8,531.8 19,398.8 39,001.8 8,130.1 24,633.2 28,142.1 8,471.1 20,094.3

15-17 43,649.3 25,013.8 35,887.5 70,451.8 65,549.1 68,561.4 47,350.2 30,018.3 40,202.2

Average income 32,130.0 21,176.3 27,470.7 51,244.2 33,585.3 43,884.8 34,345.6 22,570.4 29,348.5


7.2.1 Income by Sector

Table 7.2 shows that the children working in Services Sector earn more on average (TZS. 65,342) with

boys earn more (TZS 75,296) than girls (TZS 50,176) followed by manufacturing (TZS. 34.422) and

agriculture sector (TZS. 12,384) per month. The trend shows that boys earn more in all three sectors than

girls.

The same trend was observed in both rural and urban areas. However in urban areas, girls’ employed in

manufacturing had higher average monthly income (TZS 62,286) than boys’ (TZS 56,446).

Figure 7. 1: Average Monthly Income of Employed Children by Major Industry and Sex;

2014 CLS

Table 7. 2: Average Monthly Income of Employed Children by Major Industry, Area and Sex;

2014 CLS

Industry

Rural Urban Total


Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 15,885.3 6,750.9 12,752.7 11,014.3 69.6 7,167.2 15,567.2 6,298.9 12,383.5

Manufacturing 52,271.4 24,475.2 32,621.3 56,446.3 61,546.6 59,519.4 52,641.8 26,612.1 34,422.4

Services 74,773.9 53,342.5 66,448.9 76,808.8 42,053.0 62,285.9 75,295.8 50,175.8 65,341.5 Average income 32,130.0 21,176.3 27,470.7 51,244.2 33,585.3 43,884.8 34,345.6 22,570.4 29,348.5


7.2.2 Income Paid to Employed Children

The results from Table 7.3 reveal that there are 5,067 paid children (9.3 percent of children in

employement) with higher number of boys (3,666) than girls (1,400). The results futher show that eight

in every ten of paid children (83.6 percent) receive a minimum salary of less than TZS 150,000, while

only (12.3 percent) receive salary of TZS 200,000 or more. Girls are more likely (94.7 percent) to receive

minimum salary (less than TZS. 150,000) than boys (79.4 percent). On the contrary, boys (15.0 percent)

are likely to receive high salary (TZS 200,000 or more) compared to girls (5.3 percent).

More than double (3,595) of the paid children reside in rural areas. Paid children in rural areas (85.0

percent) are more likely to receive minimum salary (less than TZS150,000) compared to urban areas

(80.2 percent).

Table 7.3: Percentage of Paid Employees by Income Range, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Salary range Rural Urban Total


Less than 150,000 82.0 94.3 85.0 72.1 95.3 80.2 79.4 94.7 83.6

150,000-199,999 6.3 0.0 4.8 3.6 0.0 2.4 5.6 0.0 4.1

200,000+ 11.7 5.7 10.2 24.3 4.7 17.5 15.0 5.3 12.3

Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total children

2,710

885

3,595

956

515

1,472

3,666

1,400

5,067

7.2.3 Income of Paid Employees

Monthly average income of paid children was TZS 86,399 whereby boys are paid TZS 94,644 on average

which is higher compared to girls who received TZS 64,811 per month. There was less discrepancy

between rural and urban employees in terms of payment. Employed children in urban areas receive TZS

90,576 on average per month which is slightly higher than TZS 84,690 received in rural areas, Figure 7.2.


Figure 7.2: Distribution of Monthly Average Income of Paid Employees by Area and

Sex; 2014 CLS

7.2.3 Income of Paid Employees by Industry

The industry with highest income was Arts, entertainment and recreation with an average monthly salary

of TZS 560,000 followed by Administrative and support service activities with salary of TZS 450,000

per month. In contrary, paid children who are engaged in accommodation and food services receive the

least average monthly salary of TZS 35,610. In most of the industries, boys receive higher income

compared to girls.

The paid children who are working in Administrative and support service activities in rural areas earn the

highest salary (TZS 450,000) while in urban areas, those who are working in Arts, entertainment and

recreation earn the highest (Table 7.4).


Table 7. 4: Distribution of Monthly Average Income of Paid Employees by Industry, Area and Sex;

2014 CLS

Industry

Rural Urban Total


Agriculture, forestry and fishing 67,221 76,320 69,861 127,502 0.0 127,502 69,522 76,320 71,440 Mining and quarrying 30,000 0.0 30,000 54,936 60,000 56,638 49,425 60,000 52,415

Manufacturing 0.0 120,000 120,000 10,000 0.0 10,000 10,000 120,000 77,540

Construction 167,178 3,000 156,117 187,364 0.0 187,364 171,984 3,000 163,169

Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 95,893 3,369 81,757 106,840 0.0 106,840 102,089 3,369 94,923

Transportation and storage 85,740 0.0 85,740 32,500 0.0 32,500 75,847 0.0 75,847

Accommodation and food service activities 37,696 52,000 42,715 60,000 3,000 29,348 47,663 20,893 35,610 Administrative and support service activities 450,000 0.0 450,000 0.0 0.0 0.0 450,000 0.0 450,000

Arts, entertainment and recreation 0.0 0.0 0.0 560,000 0.0 560,000 560,000 0.0 560,000

Other service activities 15,000 36,405 31,312 18,044 32,114 23,963 17,416 34,405 26,810 Activities of households as employers 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85,185 85,185 0.0 85,185 85,185

Average income 90,995 65,383 84,690 104,986 63,826 90,576 94,644 64,811 86,399

Table 7.5 shows that, majority of paid children (43.0 percent) are engaged in agriculture, forest and

fishing, which covers almost half (47.2 percent) of paid children who earn minimum salary (less than

TZS 150,000) per month. Followed by paid children who work in wholesale and retail trade; repair of

motor vehicles and motorcycles (11 percent). Four in every ten paid children who were engaged in

construction receiving monthly income ranging from TZS. 150,000 to 199,999. All paid children

working in Art, entertainments and recreation receive monthly income above 200,000 and nearly three in

every ten (27 percent) of paid employees who work in wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles

and motorcycles received a salary between TZS 200,000 and above per month.


Table 7.5: Percentage Distribution of Paid Employees by Industry and Monthly Income Range,

2014 CLS

Industry

Income Ranges

Less than 150,000 150,000-199,999 200,000+ Total

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 47.2 12.5 24.5 43.0

Mining and quarrying 3.6 0.0 0.0 3.0 Manufacturing 1.5 0.0 0.0 1.2

Construction 7.9 40.6 24.3 11.2 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 11.0 16.8 25.5 13.0

Transportation and storage 7.9 30.2 10.8 9.2 Accommodation and food service activities 4.2 0.0 0.0 3.5

Administrative and support service activities 0.0 0.0 5.6 0.7

Arts, entertainment and recreation 0.0 0.0 5.4 0.7

Other service activities 10.0 0.0 0.0 8.4

Activities of households as employers 6.8 0.0 3.9 6.2

Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Paid children 4,236 206 624 5,067

7.3 Income of Self Employed Children (Not in Agriculture)

Table 7.6 shows that, the majority (93 percent) of self employed children not in agriculture earn less than

TZS 150,000 and considerably lower proportion are found in the other income ranges. There is no large

sex difference in proportion of income for self employed children not in agriculture who earn less than

TZS. 150, 000, across geographical areas.

Table 7. 6: Percentage Distribution of Self Employees (not in Agriculture) by Income Range, Area

and Sex; 2014 CLS

Income range

Rural Urban Total


Less than 150,000 91.7 94.2 93.1 91.0 83.8 87.5 91.6 93.2 92.5

150,000-199,999 2.4 2.4 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 2.2 2.1

200,000+ 5.9 3.5 4.5 8.9 16.2 12.4 6.3 4.6 5.3

Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Self employees children 6,943 8,190 15,133 887 823 1,710 7,830 9,013 16,843


Table 7.7 result reveals that, the average monthly income of self employed children is TZS 54,351

whereby boys receive more (TZS 64,378) than girls (TZS 45,641). Self employed children in urban areas

receive more income per month (TZS 76,861) than rural children (TZS 51,807). Self employed boys have

higher income in both rural and urban areas compared to girls.

Self employed children (not in agriculture) working in administrative and support services industry have

higher income on average (TZS 130,000) per month followed by Transportation and storage industry

(TZS 106,957). Self employed children in Arts, entertainment and recreation industry earn the least

average income of TZS 7,918.

Table 7. 7: Distribution of Monthly Average Income of Self Employees (not in Agriculture) by

Industry, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Industry

Rural Urban Total


Mining and quarrying 40,183 13,545 23,151 98,489 44,544 82,378 43,843 14,036 25,123

Manufacturing 66,010 39,708 46,397 0.0 90,755 90,755 66,010 43,258 48,739

Construction 97,227 0.0 97,227 32,000 0.0 32,000 85,921 0.0 85,921

Wholesale and retail

trade; repair of motor

vehicles and motorcycles 61,698 101,705 73,135 136,739 39,926 94,093 66,974 93,707 74,980

Transportation and storage 122,211 20,000 117,579 82,728 0.0 82,728 109,786 20,000 106,957

Accommodation and food

service activities 118,295 74,202 79,750 123,619 52,538 65,297 120,163 68,520 75,779

Real estate activities 47,000 0.0 47,000 0.0 0.0 0.0 47,000 0.0 47,000

Administrative and

support service activities 130,000 0.0 130,000 0.0 0.0 0.0 130,000 0.0 130,000

Arts, entertainment and

recreation 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,000

30,000 30,000 0.0 7,918

Other service activities 11,310 54,000 19,950 40,283 111,697 58,151 30,560 95,686 45,852

Average income 61,510 43,581 51,807 86,829 66,126 76,861 64,378 45,641 54,351


Most of self employed children not in agriculture were engaged in wholesale and retail trade; repair of

motor vehicles and motorcycles (about 31 percent) followed by 28 percent engaged in mining and

quarrying, while real estate has the least proportion (0.1 percent). Almost one third of children not in

agriculture who earn average monthly salary of less than 150,000 are engaged in wholesale and retail

trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles. Half of those with income range of 150, 000 to 199,999,

(50.8 percent) are working in wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles, (Table

7.8).

Table 7.8: Percentage Distribution of Self Employed( not in Agriculture) by Industry and

Income Range; 2014 CLS

Industry

Income Ranges

Less than

150,000 150,000-199,999 200,000+ Total

Mining and quarrying 29.2 12.6 11.9 27.9

Manufacturing 26.9 18.9 20.6 26.4

Construction 1.4 10.1 3.8 1.7

Wholesale and retail trade; repair of

motor vehicles and motorcycles 30.1 50.8 37.3 30.9

Transportation and storage 2.3 7.5 9.3 2.8

Accommodation and food service

activities 6.5 0.0 12.7 6.7

Real estate activities 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1

Administrative and support service

activities 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3

Arts, entertainment and recreation 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3

Other service activities 3.0 0.0 4.4 3.0

Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Self employees children 15,579 359 905 16,843

Table 7.9 shows that, the majority (97.1 percent) of self employed children in agriculture earn less than

TZS 150,000 and considerably lower proportion are found in the other income ranges. There is no large

sex difference in proportion of income for self employed children in agriculture who earn less than TZS.

150,000, across geographical areas. There were no self employed girls in urban areas while self employed

boys were all received an income less than TZS.150,000.


Table 7. 9: Percentage of Self employed Children in Agriculture by Income Range, Area and Sex;

2014 CLS

Income range

Rural Urban Total

Boys Girls Total Boys Total Boys Girls Total

Less than 150,000 95.7 100.0 96.9 100.0 100.0 95.9 100.0 97.1

150,000-199,999 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.4

200,000+ 3.8 0.0 2.7 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 2.6

Total percent

100.0

100.0

100.0 100.0 100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Self employees children 6,205 2,580 8,785 374 374 6,579 2,580 9,159


CHAPTER EIGHT: CHILD LABOUR

8.1 Introduction

Age is not the only criteria for a child to be engaged in child labour, there are other criteria such as;

hours of work, time of working (day or night) type of industry and occupation where by a child is

working.

This chapter shows the analysis of Child Labour by age group, area, sex, occupation, industry and status

of employments. Also it looks at Hazardous Child Labour; Non Hazardous Child Labour and weekly

hours of work performed by Children in Hazardous and Non Hazardous Work.

8.2 Children in Child Labour

Table 8.1 reveals that, in overall, there are 25,803 children engaged in child labour which accounted for

5.6 percent of the total children aged 5 - 17 and 47.3 percent of the total children in employment. There

were more boys (15,855) engaged in child labour compared to girls (9,948). Children aged 5 - 11 years

are more engaged in child labour (43.8 percent) with higher proportion of girls (49.4 percent) than boys

(40.2 percent), while children aged 15-17 are less engaged child labour (21.7 percent). Most of the

children in rural areas (23,341) are engaged in child labour than in urban areas (2,463).

Table 8. 1: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Age Group, Area and Sex;

2014 CLS

Age Group

Rural Urban Total


5-11 41.8 51.0 45.4 25.9 32.9 28.4 40.2 49.4 43.8

12-14 35.0 32.1 33.9 37.0 45.7 40.1 35.2 33.3 34.5

15-17 23.1 16.9 20.7 37.1 21.4 31.6 24.5 17.3 21.7

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Number 14,258 9,083 23,341 1,598 865 2,463 15,855 9,948 25,803

Table 8.2 shows that child labour rate is 5.6 percent with higher proportion of boys (6.8 percent) than

girls (4.3 percent). Child labour rate for children aged 12 -14 accounted for 8.2 percent which with the

highest compared to other age groups. The rate is also higher in rural areas (8.4 percent) compared to

urban areas (1.3 percent).


Table 8. 2: Child Labour Rate by Age Group, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Age

Group

Rural Urban Total


5-11 7.3 5.7 6.5 0.8 0.5 0.7 4.7 3.7 4.2

12-14 15.2 9.1 12.2 2.8 1.8 2.3 10.3 6.1 8.2

15-17 12.8 6.6 9.9 3.4 1.0 2.1 9.1 4.1 6.6

Total 10.1 6.7 8.4 1.8 0.9 1.3 6.8 4.3 5.6

About half of the total children in child labour (48.7 percent) are engaged in Agriculture, Forestry and

Fishing with proportionately more boys (57.9 percent) than girls (34 percent), followed by Mining and

quarrying (15.6 percent).

Children in child labour engaged in Agriculture, forestry and fishing and Mining and quarrying are more

prevalent in rural areas (50.8 and 16.2 percent respectively) than urban areas (29.2 and 10.7 percent

respectively) while Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles is

proportionately more common in urban areas (22.2 percent) compared to rural, (Table 8.3).

Table 8. 3: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Industry, Area and Sex;

2014 CLS

Industry

Rural Urban Total


Agriculture, forestry and fishing 61.0 34.6 50.8 29.9 27.8 29.2 57.9 34.0 48.7 Mining and quarrying 10.6 24.9 16.2 10.9 10.3 10.7 10.6 23.7 15.6 Manufacturing 5.9 18.0 10.6 0.0 6.1 2.1 5.3 16.9 9.8 Construction 2.1 0.3 1.4 7.3 0.0 4.7 2.7 0.3 1.8 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 16.7 10.5 14.3 24.2 18.7 22.2 17.4 11.2 15.0 Transportation and storage 2.2 0.5 1.5 8.2 0.0 5.3 2.8 0.4 1.9 Accommodation and food service activities 0.3 10.6 4.3 1.5 13.6 5.8 0.5 10.8 4.5 Information and communication 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 7.0 4.1 0.3 0.6 0.4

Real estate activities 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 Administrative and support service activities 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.2 Arts, entertainment and recreation 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 1.4 0.2 0.0 0.1 Other service activities 0.7 0.6 0.7 13.4 4.3 10.2 2.0 0.9 1.6 Households as production units 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.2 4.3 0.0 1.1 0.4

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Number 14,258 9,083 23,341 1,598 865 2,463 15,855 9,948 25,803


Table 8.4 shows that 47.5 percent of the children in child labour are in Agricultural and Fishery workers

with more boys (53.6 percent) than girls(37.6 percent), followed by Craft and Related workers 27.7

percent. The situation is different in Craft and Related workers where there were proportionately more

girls (40.6 percent) than boys (20.4 percent).

The proportion of the children engaged in Agriculture and Crafts is higher in rural areas (49.3 and 28.3

percent respectively) compared to that of urban (47.5 and 27.7 percent). In rural areas, the proportion of

boys in child labour (56.3 percent) engaged in Agricultural and Fisheries was higher than that of girls

(38.3 percent).

Table 8.4: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Occupation, Area and Sex;

2014 CLS

Occupation

Rural Urban Total



Agricultural and Fishery workers 56.3 38.3 49.3 30.2 30.9 30.4 53.6 37.6 47.5




Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Number 14,258 9,083 23,341 1,598 865 2,463 15,855 9,948 25,803

Figure 8.1 reveals that, Administrative regions in Pemba have higher proportions of children in child

labour (34.0 and 32.2 percent in Kusini and Kaskazini respectively) while Kaskazini Unguja in the

administrative region with the least proportion of child labour. The results in Table 8.5 further reveals

that there are more boys than girls who are in child labour in all five regions.


Figure 8.1: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Region;

2014 CLS

Table 8. 5: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Region, Area and Sex;

2014 CLS

Region

Rural Urban Total

Total Number Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total

Percent

Kaskazini Unguja 66.6 29.0 95.7 4.3 0.0 4.3 71.0 29.0 100.0 1,673

Kusini Unguja 48.3 47.5 95.8 3.5 0.6 4.2 51.9 48.1 100.0 4,257

Mjini magharibi 34.5 16.9 51.4 34.0 14.7 48.6 68.5 31.5 100.0 2,803

Kaskazini Pemba 61.6 29.6 91.2 4.5 4.2 8.8 66.2 33.8 100.0 8,305

Kusini Pemba 57.0 41.6 98.6 0.5 0.9 1.4 57.5 42.5 100.0 8,764

Total 14,258 9,083 23,341 1,598 865 2,463 15,855 9,948 25,803


Figure 8.2 shows that Kusini Unguja region has the highest child labour rate of 11.4 percent followed by

Kusini Pemba region (10.3 percent) while Mjini Magharibi region has the lowest rate (1.5 percent). The

results further reveal that there is a small difference in child labour rate between boys and girls (11.2 and

11.5 percent respectively) at Kusini Unguja region, Table 8.6.

Figure 8. 2: Child Labour Rate by Region; 2014 CLS

Table 8.6: Child Labour Rate by Age Groups, Region and Sex; 2014 CLS

Age Group Kaskazini Unguja Kusini Unguja Mjini Magharibi Kaskazini Pemba Kusini Pemba

Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

5-11 1.4 0.8 1.1 8.2 11.0 9.5 1.2 0.7 0.9 8.1 4.7 6.4 9.2 7.7 8.5

12-14 4.8 3.1 4.0 15.1 12.0 13.7 3.1 1.7 2.4 19.7 9.9 14.6 16.6 11.6 14.3

15-17 9.0 2.2 5.6 15.1 12.8 14.0 4.1 0.9 2.5 13.0 4.1 9.0 13.1 9.1 11.0

Total 3.7 1.6 2.6 11.2 11.5 11.4 2.2 1.0 1.5 11.6 5.9 8.7 11.6 8.8 10.3

Large proportion (37.6 percent) of the children in child labour (Table 8.7) are reported to be a self

employed (Non-agricultural without employees), followed by unpaid family helper (in crops growing)

18.9 percent while only a few children of about 0.9 percent are reported to work in their own farm

(livestock or animals). The findings further reveal that 9.9 percent were paid employees of whom 17.1

percent were children aged 15 - 17.


Table 8. 7: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child labour by Status in Employment,

Sex and Age Groups; 2014 CLS

Status in

employment

Boys Girls Total

5-11 12-14 15-17 Total 5-11 12-14 15-17 Total 5-11

12-

14

15-

17 Total

A paid employee 8.5 11.8 21.5 12.9 3.6 6.1 7.2 5.1 6.4 9.7 17.1 9.9

A self employed

(non-agricultural)

with employees 0.0 3.2 4.9 2.3 2.4 1.5 0.0 1.7 1.0 2.5 3.4 2.1

A self employed

(non-agricultural)

without employees 39.3 24.5 25.0 30.6 50.7 42.8 55.3 48.9 44.3 31.3 34.3 37.6

Unpaid family helper

(non-agricultural) 3.1 1.7 1.7 2.3 13.4 11.1 7.0 11.5 7.6 5.2 3.3 5.8


(in fishing) 2.4 0.0 2.1 1.5 1.0 0.0 2.9 1.0 1.8 0.0 2.4 1.3


(in crops growing) 15.2 22.1 18.0 18.3 20.3 20.1 18.3 19.9 17.4 21.4 18.1 18.9


(in

livestocks/animals) 14.5 10.2 0.0 9.4 1.6 1.5 0.0 1.3 8.9 6.9 0.0 6.3

Work on own farm

(fishing) 10.0 14.1 18.7 13.6 2.0 1.8 0.0 1.6 6.5 9.5 12.9 8.9

Work on own farm or

shamba (crops

growing) 5.1 10.8 7.4 7.7 5.0 15.1 9.2 9.1 5.0 12.4 7.9 8.2

Work on own farm

(livestock/animals) 1.8 1.5 0.9 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.9

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

100.

0 100.0 100.0

Total Number 6,379 5,586 3,890

15,85

5 4,918 3,312 1,718 9,948

11,29

7

8,89

8 5,608 25,803


Working hours measure the time spent by children in child labour on their daily economic

activities. Table 8.8 shows that, on average children in child labour work 18 hours a week. Boys

work more (20 hours on average) compared to girls ( 15 hours on average ) a week.

Children in urban areas work more (22 hours on average) a week than in rural areas (18 hours on

average) a week. Number of working hours increases with the increase in age of children.

Table 8. 8: Weekly Hours of Work Performed by Children in Child Labour by Age-

Groups, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Age group

Rural Urban Total


5-11 14 10 12 14 12 13 14 10 12

12-14 19 19 19 19 15 17 19 19 19

15-17 31 22 28 35 36 35 32 24 29

Total 20 15 18 24 18 22 20 15 18

8.3 Children in Non Hazardous Child Labour

The findings in Table 8.9 below show that, in overall, there are 12,190 children found in non

hazardous child labour which accounted for 22.3 percent of the total children in employment.

There were more boys engaged in non hazardous child labour of about 58.8 percent than girls of

about 41.1 percent. More children in non hazardous child labour (62.3 percent) were aged 5 –

11, which comprise (68.6 percent) of girls. Most of the children in rural areas (94.1 percent) are

engaged in non hazardous child labour than in Urban areas (5.9 percent).

Table 8.9: Percentage Distribution of Children in Non Hazardous Child Labour by Age


Age Group

Rural Urban Total


5 - 11 58.6 68.5 62.7 46.9 70.7 57.2 58.0 68.6 62.3

12 - 14 41.4 31.5 37.3 53.1 29.3 42.8 42.0 31.4 37.7

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Number 6,770 4,705 11,475 407 308 715 7,177 5,014 12,190


Table 8.10 shows that, Kaskazini Pemba region had the highest proportion of children in non

hazardous child labour (35.0 percent) followed by Kusini Pemba region (31.1 percent) and the

region with the least number of children in non hazardous child labour is Kaskazini Unguja that

reported about 5.9 percent.

Table 8.10: Percentage Distribution of Children in Non Hazardous Child Labour by

Region, Sex and Age Groups; 2014 CLS

Region Sex 5-11 12-14 Total Percentage Total Number

Kaskazini Unguja

Boys 39.8 60.2 100.0 425

Girls 35.9 64.1 100.0 297

Total 38.2 61.8 100.0 721

Kusini Unguja

Boys 58.5 41.5 100.0 1,313

Girls 77.9 22.1 100.0 1,095

Total 67.3 32.7 100.0 2,408

Mjini Magharibi

Boys 62.4 37.6 100.0 565

Girls 80.2 19.8 100.0 434

Total 70.1 29.9 100.0 998

Kaskazini Pemba

Boys 59.7 40.3 100.0 2,558

Girls 64.3 35.7 100.0 1,713

Total 61.6 38.4 100.0 4,270

Kusini Pemba

Boys 58.0 42.0 100.0 2,316

Girls 69.9 30.1 100.0 1,476

Total 62.6 37.4 100.0 3,791

Total

Boys 58.0 42.0 100.0 7,177

Girls 68.6 31.4 100.0 5,014

Total 62.3 37.7 100.0 12,190

Table 8.11 presents the working hours of children aged 5-14; the average number of hours

children work in a week is 16 hours. Boys worked for longer hours ( average of 18 hours a week)

compared to girls who work for 13 hours a week.

Children of age group 12-14 work for longer hours in both rural and urban areas (24 and 21hours

respectively) compared to the corresponding age group of 5- 11 years (12 and 11 hours

respectively). Children in rural areas work for slightly longer hours (average of 16 hours a week)

compared to those in urban areas (average of 15 hours a week).


Table 8.11: Weekly Hours of Work Performed by Children in Child Labour other than

Hazardous Work by Age-Groups, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Age Group

Rural Urban Total


5-11 14 9 12 11 10 11 14 9 12

12-14 23 23 24 23 17 21 23 22 23

Total 18 13 16 17 12 15 18 13 16

8.4 Children in Hazardous Child Labour

The results from Table 8.12 show that, 13,613 children are engaged in hazardous child labour

which accounted for 24.9 percent of the total children in employment with more boys (8,679

children) than girls (4,935 children).

The results also show that, children of age 12–14 have more girls engaged in hazardous child

labour (35.2 percent ) compared to boys (29.6 percent). Most of the girls aged 12-14 in urban

areas (54.8 percent) engaged in hazardous child labour than in rural areas (32.8 percent).

Table 8.12: Percentage Distribution of Children in Hazardous Child Labour by Age

Group, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Age Group

Rural Urban Total


5-11 26.7 32.2 28.7 18.7 12.0 16.6 25.6 29.9 27.2

12-14 29.3 32.8 30.6 31.5 54.8 38.9 29.6 35.2 31.6

15-17 44.0 35.0 40.7 49.7 33.2 44.5 44.8 34.8 41.2

Total

Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total

Number 7,488 4,378 11,866 1,191 557 1,748 8,679 4,935 13,613

Kusini Pemba region has the highest proportion of children engaged in hazardous child labour

(36.5 percent) followed by Kaskazini Pemba with 29.6 percent, while Kaskazini Unguja has the

least proportion (7.0 percent). The results further show that Kusini Pemba has the highest

proportion of children aged 5-11 engaged in hazardous child labour ( Table 8.13 and Figure

8.2).


Figure 8.3: Distribution of Children in Hazardous Child Labour by Region; 2014 CLS

Table 8.13: Percentage Distribution of Children in Hazardous Child Labour by Region,

Sex and Age Group; 2014 CLS

Region Sex 5-11 12-14 15-17 Total Percent Total

Number

Kaskazini Unguja

Boys 13.0 14.2 72.9 100.0 763

Girls 14.3 16.7 69.1 100.0 189

Total 13.2 14.7 72.1 100.0 952

Kusini Unguja

Boys 14.2 28.0 57.8 100.0 896

Girls 29.8 30.3 39.9 100.0 953

Total 22.2 29.2 48.6 100.0 1,849

Mjini Magharibi

Boys 18.3 30.4 51.4 100.0 1,355

Girls - 62.6 37.4 100.0 450

Total 13.7 38.4 47.9 100.0 1,805

Kaskazini Pemba

Boys 24.6 36.1 39.3 100.0 2,939

Girls 25.6 47.5 26.9 100.0 1,096

Total 24.9 39.2 35.9 100.0 4,035

Kusini Pemba

Boys 37.5 27.0 35.4 100.0 2,727

Girls 39.5 27.4 33.1 100.0 2,246

Total 38.4 27.2 34.4 100.0 4,973

Total

Boys 25.6 29.6 44.8 100.0 8,679

Girls 29.9 35.2 34.8 100.0 4,935

Total 27.2 31.6 41.2 100.0 13,613


The findings in Table 8.14 show that, majority of children (89.9 percent) in hazardous child

labour are working in Mining and Quarrying and 10.1 percent in construction. More girls (98.8

percent) are working in Mining and Quarrying than boys ( 79.9 percent). The situation is

different in Construction whereby boys are more (20.1 percent) compared to girls (1.2 percent).

Table 8.14: Percentage Distribution of Children in Hazardous Child Labour by

Hazardous Industry, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Hazardous Industry

Rural Urban Total


Mining and Quarrying 83.1 98.7 91.8 59.9 100.0 69.4 79.9 98.8 89.9

Construction 16.9 1.3 8.2 40.1 0.0 30.6 20.1 1.2 10.1

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Number 1,813 2,293 4,106 290 89 380 2,103 2,383 4,486

Table 8.15 shows, the percentage distribution of the children aged 12 - 14 that are not in

hazardous work and work for 14 hours or more (not in light work) by Industry, area and sex. The

findings show that most of the children in this age group work in Agriculture, Forestry and

Fishing (64.0 percent) and most of them reside in rural areas (67.7 percent). In general there

were more boys in this Industry (68.5 percent) compared to girls (57.3 percent). Wholesale and

retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles is the second leading Industry after

Agriculture which account for 14.0 percent of the children followed by Manufacturing (9.3

percent) with girls dominating this industry (16.9 percent).


Table 8.15: Percentage Distribution of Children Aged 12-14 Work for Long Hours by

Industry, Areas and Sex; 2014 CLS

Industry

Rural Urban Total


Agriculture, forestry and

fishing 72.0 61.0 67.7 40.6 35.9 38.4 68.5 57.3 64.0


Manufacturing 4.4 17.9 9.7 2.6 11.1 6.6 4.2 16.9 9.3

Construction 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.2

Wholesale and retail trade;

repair of motor vehicles and

motorcycles 17.8 9.2 14.4 16.0 5.6 11.1 17.6 8.6 14.0


Accommodation and food

service activities 2.0 7.4 4.1 12.3 36.4 23.7 3.1 11.7 6.6

Arts, entertainment and

recreation 0.0 0.7 0.3 1.2 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.6 0.3

Other service activities 0.4 0.7 0.5 21.8 10.9 16.6 2.8 2.2 2.6

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Number 7,353 4,813 12,166 929 831 1,760 8,283 5,644 13,927

Table 8.16 shows that, 37.5 percent of the children in hazardous child labour are found in

Agricultural and Fishing, followed by Craft and Related workers 35.5 percent. The proportion of

the children engaged in Agriculture and Crafts is higher in rural areas 41.1 percent and 36.7

percent respectively compared to that of urban areas 13.3 percent for agriculture and 27.2 percent

for Crafts. In rural areas, the proportion of the boys (53.3 percent) who engaged in agricultural and

fisheries workers was higher than that of girls (20.3 percent) but the situation is different in Craft

and Related workers where there were more girls (57.5 percent) than boys (24.6 percent).


Table 8.16: Percentage Distribution of Children in Hazardous Child Labour by Occupation,

Areas and Sex; 2014 CLS

Occupation

Rural Urban Total


Technicians and Associate

Proffesionals 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 0.0 1.9 0.4 0.0 0.2

Service workers and Shop

sales workers 4.1 6.6 5.0 9.7 25.6 14.7 4.8 8.7 6.2

Agricultural and Fishery

workers 53.3 20.3 41.1 17.3 4.8 13.3 48.3 18.5 37.5


Plant and machine

operators and assemblers 1.6 0.7 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.6 1.1


Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Number 7,488 4,378 11,866 1,191 557 1,748 8,679 4,935 13,613

The results from Table 8.17 show that, 12,834 children are engaged in hazardous occupation which

is half of the total children engaged in child labour. Farmers, Gardeners and Fisheries workers

engage more children than other hazardous occupation (39.8 percent) followed by Miners and

Quarry workers (30.1percent) and 10 percent were labourers in different actvities. Large amount

of boys (63.9 percent) engaged in hazardous occupation than girls (36.1 percent).


Table 8.17: Percentage Distribution of Children in Hazardous Occupation, Area and Sex;

2014 CLS

Hazardous

Occupation

Rural

Urban

Total


House Stewards, Cooks

and Housekeepers 0.0 1.2 0.4 0.0 25.6 8.6 0.0 4.1 1.5

Hairdressers, Barbers,

Beauticians and

Related Workers 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 0.0 3.1 0.6 0.0 0.4

Farmers, Gardeners and

Fishery workers 56.1 21.8 43.6 18.9 4.8 14.1 51.2 19.7 39.8

Miners and Quarry

Workers 20.9 51.6 32.1 16.6 16.1 16.4 20.3 47.3 30.1

Carpenters, Painters

and Plumbers 1.4 0.0 0.9 1.8 0.0 1.2 1.4 0.0 0.9

Welders, Blacksmith

and mechanics 1.0 0.0 0.6 16.0 0.0 10.6 3.0 0.0 1.9

Food

processing,weavers and

shoe repairers 1.5 8.6 4.1 0.0 1.6 0.6 1.3 7.8 3.7

Bus drivers, heavy

truck drivers and

conductors 1.7 0.7 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.6 1.2

Street vendors 4.0 13.2 7.4 19.1 41.1 26.6 6.0 16.6 9.8

Messengers, Package

and Luggage Porters

and Deliverers 1.2 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.6

Farm hands, fishery,

mechanics and related

labourers 12.2 2.9 8.8 23.0 10.9 18.9 13.6 3.8 10.1

Total Percent 100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Total Number 7105

4,080

11,185

1,092

557

1,649

8,197

4,637

12,834

Out of total children in child labour (Table 8.18), more than a quarter are working in in hazardous

conditions (28.8 percent) while majority of them were boys. Children who are working in water,

94.3 percent were boys and those who are working in chemicals 79.3 were girls. The conditions of

insufficient light and children who are working at heigts done by boys only while there was no

occupation where occupied by girls only.


Table 8.18: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Hazardous Condition, Areas

and Sex; 2014 CLS

Rural Urban Total

Environment Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

In (sea, lake, river) water 93.8 6.2 100.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 94.3 5.7 100.0

Dusts, fumes, gases 59.2 40.8 100.0 54.3 45.7 100.0 58.4 41.6 100.0

Noise 82.7 17.3 100.0 82.1 17.9 100.0 82.4 17.6 100.0

Extreme temperature or humidity 44.4 55.6 100.0 71.6 28.4 100.0 63.8 36.2 100.0

Dangerous tools/animals 53.0 47.0 100.0 56.7 43.3 100.0 54.4 45.6 100.0

Work at heights 100.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 100.0

Insufficient lighting 100.0 0.0 100..0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 100.0

Chemicals 30.5 69.5 100.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 20.7 79.3 100.0

Other 80.9 19.1 100.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 84.2 15.8 100.0

Total Frequencies 4,515 1,769 6,284 792 354 1,146 5,306 2,123

7,429

Long hours of work is one among the criteria used to determine hazadous child labour. Figure 8.3

reveals that, about 3,271 children are among working children aged 5-17 not working in

hazardous industries nor in hazardous occupations, and those who are working for long hours (43

hours or more per week). In this age group, boys are the majority (72.0 percent) compared to girls

(28.0 percent). Most affected are children from rural areas (72.2 percent) compared to urban areas

(27.8 percent).


Figure 8.4: Percentage Distribution of Hazardious in Child Labour Aged 15-17

who work for long hours (43 hours or more) by Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Table 8.19 shows that, on average weekly hours of work performed by children in hazardous work

is 21 hours a week on their economic activities, among those 23 hours performed by boys and 17

hours performed by girls. On average children in urban areas worked in more time for about 26

hours a week than in rural areas who worked only for about 20 hours a week.

Table 8.19: Weekly Hours of Work Performed by Children in Hazardous Work by Age-


Age Group

Rural Urban Total


5-11 14 11 13 17 17 17 14 12 13

12-14 15 16 15 17 14 16 16 15 15

15-17 31 22 28 35 36 35 32 24 29

Total 22 17 20 26 22 26 23 17 21


CHAPTER NINE: EDUCATION

9.1 Introduction

This chapter present the education status of children and their characteristics. The education status

is discussed for those children aged 5-17 years with their working status including household

chores, economic activities and child labour status both in hazardous and non hazardous work.

9.2 Children in Education

Table 9.1 revealed that among total children aged 5-17 years, 63.1 percent attained primary

education and 13.9 percent attained secondary education (O level). The results also show that

13.8 percent of children have no formal education. One fifth of the children (21.7 percent) aged 5-

11 have no formal education.

The proportion of boys who attained primary education is slightly higher (64.1 percent) than girls

(62 percent). The proportion of boys who have no formal education is slightly higher (14.5

percent) than girls (13 percent). Majority of boys and girls aged 15-17 (56.8 and 70.5 percent

respectively) attained secondary education (O level).


Table 9. 1: Percentage Distribution of Children by Education Level, Sex and Age groups; 2014 CLS

Education level

Boys Girls Total


No Formal Education 23.2 2.1 3.1 14.5 20.3 3.0 2.5 13.0 21.7 2.5 2.8 13.8

Nursery 14.5 0.1 0.0 8.4 15.2 0.0 0.0 8.9 14.9 0.0 0.0 8.7

Adult Education 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.1

Primary Education 62.3 89.9 37.5 64.1 64.5 85.2 24.5 62.0 63.4 87.6 31.0 63.1

Training After primary Education 0.0 0.2 1.4 0.3 0.0 0.6 1.2 0.4 0.0 0.4 1.3 0.3

Secondary Education (O Level) 0.0 7.7 56.8 12.3 0.0 11.1 70.5 15.6 0.0 9.4 63.6 13.9

Training after Secondary Education (O level) 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.1

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total 134,701 54,069 42,962 231,732 134,155 53,977 42,413 230,545 268,856 108,046 85,375 462,278


The proportion of children with no formal education is higher in rural areas (18.1 percent) compared to

urban areas (7.3 percent). Both rural and urban areas have almost the same proportion of children who

attained primary education (63.2 and 62.8 percent, respectively).

Nine in every ten children aged 12-14 in rural areas (89.2 percent) attained primary education where by

more than half (54 percent) of children of aged 15-17 attained secondary education (O level). In urban

areas, children of age 12-14 years (85.1 percent) attained primary education whereby three quarters

(76.4 percent) of children aged 15-17 years attained secondary education (O level) (Table 9.2).

Table 9.2: Percentage Distribution of Children by Education Level, Area and Age groups;

2014 CLS

Education level

Rural Urban Total


No Formal

Education 27.8 3.9 4.6 18.1 12.4 0.5 0.5 7.3 21.7 2.5 2.8 13.8

Nursery 12.3 0.1 0.0 7.3 18.8 0.0 0.0 10.7 14.9 0.0 0.0 8.7

Adult Education 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.1 1.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.1


Training After

primary Education 0.0 0.3 0.9 0.2 0.0 0.6 1.8 0.5 0.0 0.4 1.3 0.3

Secondary

Education (O

Level) 0.0 6.5 54.0 11.0 0.0 13.7 76.4 18.3 0.0 9.4 63.6 13.9

Training after

Secondary

Education (O level) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.1

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total 163,169 64,813 48,763 276,745 105,687 43,234 36,612 185,533 268,856 108,046 85,375 462,278


9.4 Education Status of Children

Table 9.3 shows that, majority of children (80.7 percent) are attending school while 13.8 percent

never attended school with highest proportion (21.7 percent) observed in the age group 5-11. The

results further indicate that only 4.3 percent of children dropped from school with the highest

proportion (13.3 percent) observed in the age group 15-17. Generally the trend shows that, the

proportion of drop out increases as the age of children increases.

The proportion of children attending school in urban areas is higher (88.7 percent) than in rural areas

(75.3 percent). However, rural areas have higher proportion (18.1 percent) of children never

attended school compared to 7.3 percent in urban areas. The results also reveal that rural areas have

higher proportion of children who dropped from school (5.6 percent) than urban areas (2.5

percent).

Table 9.3: Percentage Distribution of Children by Education Status, Area and Age groups;

2014 CLS

Education Status

Rural Urban Total


Completed 0.0 0.4 5.2 1.0 0.0 0.4 7.1 1.5 0.0 0.4 6.0 1.2

Attending 71.0 87.9 73.1 75.3 87.3 96.2 84.1 88.7 77.4 91.2 77.9 80.7

Dropped 1.2 7.8 17.1 5.6 0.3 2.9 8.2 2.5 0.9 5.9 13.3 4.3 Never attended school 27.8 3.9 4.6 18.1 12.4 0.5 0.5 7.3 21.7 2.5 2.8 13.8

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Population 163,169 64,813 48,763 276,745 105,687 43,234 36,612 185,533 268,856 108,046 85,375 462,278

Table 9.4 shows that eight in every ten boys and girls are attending school (79.4 and 82.1 percent

respectively). The results also show that there is no markable defference between boys (14.5 percent)

and girls (13 percent) who never attended school. About 5.2 percent of boys dropped from school

which is proportionately higher compared to girls (3.4 percent). The highest drop out is observed in

age group 15-17 for both boys and girls.


Table 9. 4: Percentage Distribution of Children by Education Status, Sex and Age groups;

2014 CLS

Education Status

Boys Girls Total


Completed 0.0 0.3 4.2 0.8 0.0 0.5 7.9 1.6 0.0 0.4 6.0 1.2

Attending 75.6 90.7 77.1 79.4 79.3 91.7 78.6 82.1 77.4 91.2 77.9 80.7

Dropped 1.3 6.9 15.6 5.2 0.5 4.8 11.0 3.4 0.9 5.9 13.3 4.3

Never attended school 23.2 2.1 3.1 14.5 20.3 3.0 2.5 13.0 21.7 2.5 2.8 13.8

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

9.5 Non-working children Attendance status

The results from Table 9.5 show that 59.1 percent of non working children attending school with

equal proportion between boys(59.1 percent) and girls (59.1 percent). However, 39.9 percent of non

working children never attended school with almost equal proportion of boys (40.2 percent) and girls

(39.5 percent). Among the non working children (54.8 percent) in rural areas and (22.4 percent) in

urban areas never attended school. Differentials between sex suggest that only 43.6 percent of non

working boys in rural areas are attending school compared with 77.7 percent in urban areas.

Similarlly in rural areas, 44.6 percent of girls attended school compared with 75.6 percent of urban

girls.

Table 9. 5: Percentage Distribution of Non-working Children by Education Status, Area and

Sex; 2014 CLS

Education Status

Rural Urban Total


Completed 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.2

Attending 43.6 44.6 44.0 77.7 75.6 76.8 59.1 59.1 59.1

Dropped 0.7 1.4 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7

Never attended school 55.7 53.6 54.8 21.6 23.4 22.4 40.2 39.5 39.9

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total 17,571 13,429 31,000 14,679 11,844 26,523 32,250 25,273 57,523


Figure 9. 1: Percentage Distribution of Non-working Children by School Attendance and

Sex; 2014 CLS

The highest propotion of non working chidren (84.2 percent) who are attending school is observed

in age group 12-14 and that of the never attended school is found in age group 5-11(41.7 percent).

Almost two third (64 percent) of non working children aged 12-14 in rural areas are attending school

compared to 95.9 percent in urban areas, while 55.9 percent of non working children aged 5-11 in

rural areas never attended school compared to 24.6 percent in urban areas (Table 9.6).


Table 9.6: Percentage Distribution of Non-working Children by Education Status, Area and

Age groups; 2014 CLS

Education Status

Rural Urban Total


Completed 0.0 0.0 4.4 0.1 0.0 2.4 5.5 0.3 0.0 1.5 4.9 0.2

Attending 43.8 64.0 33.4 44.0 75.3 95.9 83.2 76.8 58.1 84.2 56.2 59.1

Dropped 0.3 11.4 9.9 1.0 0.1 1.7 9.3 0.5 0.2 5.3 9.6 0.7

Never attended

school 55.9 24.6 52.4 54.8 24.6 0.0 2.0 22.4 41.7 9.0 29.3 39.9

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total 29,043 903 1,054 31,000 24,071 1,560 892 26,523 53,114 2,463 1,946 57,523

Table 9.7 shows that 39.9 percent of non working children have no formal education with almost

equal proportions of boys (40.2 percent) and girls (39.5 percent).

More than half (54.8 percent) of rural non working children have no formal education with 55.7

percent of boys and 53.6 percent of girls. In urban areas 21.6 percent of boys and 23.4 percent of

girls have no formal education.

Table 9.7: Percentage Distribution of Non-Working Children by Education Level, Area and

Sex; 2014 CLS

Education level

Rural Urban Total


No Formal Education 55.7 53.6 54.8 21.6 23.4 22.4 40.2 39.5 39.9

Nursery 15.0 15.8 15.4 29.5 36.0 32.4 21.6 25.3 23.2

Primary Education 28.6 28.2 28.5 45.1 37.1 41.5 36.1 32.4 34.5

Training After primary

Education 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1

Secondary Education

(O Level) 0.5 2.1 1.2 3.5 3.0 3.3 1.8 2.6 2.2

Training after

Secondary Education

(O level) 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.1

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total 17,571 13,429 31,000 14,679 11,844 26,523 32,250 25,273 57,523


9.6 Children in Household Chores (Non-Economic)

Table 9.8 presents the distribution of Children in Household Chores which shares three quarters

(75.8 percent) of all children aged 5-17. Sixsty-seven percent attending primary education, 14.4

percent secondary education and10.3 percent did not attend formal education. For children aged 12-

14 years boys accounted for 90.4 percent in primary education, 63 percent of those aged 15-17 years

were attending secondary education (O level) and 18 percent aged 5-11 years had no formal

education.For those aged 12-14 years 85.8 percent of girls were in primary education, 73.9 percent

of aged 15-17 years were attending secondary education (O level) and 15.6 percent aged 5-11 years

had no formal education.


Table 9. 8: Percentage Distribution of Children in Household Chores (Non-Economic) by Education Level, Sex and Age

Groups; 2014 CLS

Education level

Boys Girls Total


No Formal

Education 18.0 1.1 1.1 10.9 15.6 1.9 1.3 9.7 16.7 1.5 1.2 10.3

Nursery 12.6 0.0 0.0 7.3 13.3 0.0 0.0 7.6 12.9 0.0 0.0 7.5

Adult Education 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.1 1.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.9 0.2


Training After


Secondary

Education (O

Level) 0.0 8.4 63.0 12.7 0.0 11.5 73.9 15.9 0.0 10.0 68.8 14.4

Training after

Secondary


Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total 98,161 41,572 28,337 168,069 104,395 45,646 32,072 182,113 202,556 87,218 60,409 350,182

In rural areas 90.2 percent of children aged 12-14 years were attending primary education, 57.6 percent of age 15-17 years were

attending secondary education and 22.1 percent of age 5-11 years have no formal education. However, in urban areas a high

percentage in primary education (85.3 percent) observed at ages 12-14 years and 78.3 percent of age 15-17 years for secondary

education (Table 9.9).


Table 9.9: Percentage Distribution of Children in Household Chores (Non-Economic) by Education Level, Area and

Age Groups; 2014 CLS

Education level

Rural Urban Total


No Formal

Education 22.1 2.6 2.0 14.5 8.7 0.1 0.5 4.8 16.7 1.5 1.2 10.3

Nursery 12.3 0.0 0.0 7.6 13.9 0.0 0.0 7.4 12.9 0.0 0.0 7.5

Adult Education 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.1 1.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 .9 0.2


Training After


Secondary

Education (O Level) 0.0 6.9 57.6 9.8 0.0 13.9 78.3 20.3 0.0 10.0 68.8 14.4

Training after

Secondary


Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total 121,703 47,985 27,728 197,416 80,853 39,233 32,681 152,766 202,556 87,218 60,409 350,182

Table 9.10 shows that, 86.4 percent of children in household chores were attending in school and 10.3 percent never attended

school. In rural areas 82.2 percent of all children in household chores attending school and majority of children (92.6 percent) age

12-14 years attending school.

One in every ten children never attended school while 86.4 percent attending school in rural areas 22.1 percent of children aged

5-11 years never attended school where as for urban only 8.7 percent did not. In urban areas, 97.5 percent of children in

household chores aged 12-14 years are attending school and 8.7 percent of age 5-11 years never attended school.


Table 9. 10: Percentage Distribution of Children in Household Chores (Non-Economic) by Education Status, Area and


Education Status

Rural Urban Total


Completed 0.0 0.4 3.1 0.5 0.0 0.3 5.7 1.3 0.0 0.4 4.5 0.9

Attending 76.8 92.6 87.7 82.2 90.9 97.5 87.4 91.8 82.4 94.8 87.5 86.4

Dropped 1.1 4.4 7.2 2.8 0.4 2.1 6.4 2.1 0.8 3.3 6.8 2.5


Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total 121,703 47,985 27,728 197,416 80,853 39,233 32,681 152,766 202,556 87,218 60,409 350,182

The results reveal that 95.4 percent of boys aged 12-14 years are attending school and 18 percent of children in household chores

aged 5-11 years never attended school. Further more, 94.3 percent of girls aged 12-14 years are attending school and 15.6 percent

aged 5-11 years never attended school (Table 9.11).


Table 9.11: Percentage Distribution of Children in Household Chores (Non-Economic) by Education Status, Sex and Age

Groups; 2014 CLS

Education Status

Boys Girls Total


Completed 0.0 0.3 2.7 0.5 0.0 0.4 6.0 1.2 0.0 0.4 4.5 0.9

Attending 80.9 95.4 89.2 85.9 83.9 94.3 86.1 86.9 82.4 94.8 87.5 86.4

Dropped 1.2 3.2 7.0 2.7 0.5 3.4 6.5 2.3 0.8 3.3 6.8 2.5

Never attended

school 18.0 1.1 1.1 10.9 15.6 1.9 1.3 9.7 16.7 1.5 1.2 10.3

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total 98,161 41,572 28,337 168,069 104,395 45,646 32,072 182,113 202,556 87,218 60,409 350,182


Figure 9.2: Percentage Distribution of Children in Household Chores (Non-Economic)

by Education Status and Age Groups; 2014 CLS

9.7 Employed Children

Table 9.12 shows that, 66.9 percent of the employed children are attending school with propotionatly

more girls (68.9 percent) compared to boys (65.5 percent); and 20 percent dropped school, with more

boys (23.5 percent) than girls (15.3 percent).

The proportion of employed children who are attending school in rural areas (67.4 percent) is higher

compared to urban areas (63.1 percent) while the proportion of employed children who dropped out

of school is almost equal between rural areas (19.9 percent) and urban areas (20.8 percent).

Table 9. 12: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Education Status, Area and

Sex; 2014 CLS

Education Status

Rural Urban Total


Completed 2.7 4.6 3.5 9.1 14.9 11.5 3.4 5.8 4.4

Attending 66.1 69.1 67.4 60.2 67.2 63.1 65.5 68.9 66.9

Dropped 23.4 15.3 19.9 24.9 15.1 20.8 23.5 15.3 20.0


Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total 27,771 20,557 48,329 3,641 2,602 6,243 31,413 23,159 54,572


Table 9.13 shows that drop out of employed children inceases with increase in age. Children aged

15-17 is likely marked the highest proportion of school dropping (30.7 percent).

In rural areas about three in every ten employed children (29.1 percent) have either never attended or

dropped out of school system. Seventy eight percent of employed children aged 5-11 are attending

school, 31.3 percent aged 15-17 likely marked the highest school dropped out and 18.2 percent aged

5-11 never attended school.

In urban areas, one fifth of employed children has dropped out of school. Four fifths (80.3 percent)

of employed children aged 5-11 are attedding school and 12.2 percent never attended school, and 27

percent aged 15-17 have dropped out of school.

Table 9.13: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Education Status, Area

and Age Groups; 2014 CLS

Education Status

Rural Urban Total


Completed 0.0 0.4 8.1 3.5 0.0 0.0 23.6 11.5 0.0 0.4 10.2 4.4

Attending 77.7 75.0 55.0 67.4 80.3 74.8 49.4 63.1 77.8 75.0 54.2 66.9

Dropped 4.1 18.1 31.3 19.9 7.5 17.2 27.0 20.8 4.3 17.9 30.7 20.0


Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total 12,423 15,925 19,981 48,329 763 2,440 3,040 6,243 13,186 18,365 23,021 54,572

Table 9.14 indicates that one third (35.6 percent) of household heads of employed children completed

at the least secondary education; while six in every ten (57.3 percent) attained primary education.

Only 6.1 percent of employed children heads have no formal education.

The proportion of employed children whose household heads attained secondary education in urban

areas is 48.3 percent which is higher compared to rural areas (33.9 percent). The proportion of

employed children whose heads has no formal education is higher in rural areas (6.5 percent)

compared to urban areas (3.0 percent).


Table 9.14: Percentage Distribution of Household Head of Employed Children by

Education Level, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Education Level of Head

Rural Urban Total

Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total


Nursery 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.4

Adult Education 0.4 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.3

Primary Education 62.2 53.7 58.6 42.5 53.5 47.1 59.9 53.7 57.3 Training After primary Education 0.3 0.1 0.3 1.2 0.9 1.1 0.4 0.2 0.3

Secondary Education (O Level) 31.1 37.8 33.9 52.0 43.1 48.3 33.5 38.4 35.6

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total 27,771 20,557 48,329 3,641 2,602 6,243 31,413 23,159 54,572

Table 9.15 shows that (66.5 percent) of children are in primary education; with 70.2 percent of boys

and 61.6 percent of girls. About one quarter (23.6 percent) of employed children (27.2 percent of girls

and 21 percent of boys) are in secondary education.

Two thirds of employed children (67.1 percent) in rural areas attained primary education with more

boys (71.3 percent) compared to girls (61.4 percent). In urban areas, 62.3 percent of employed

children attained primary education with proportionately more girls (63.3 percent) than boys (61.5

percent). One in every ten employed children (9.2 percent) in rural areas have no formal education

compared to 4.6 percent in urban areas.


Table 9.15: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Education Level, Area and

Sex; 2014 CLS

Education Level of Children

Rural Urban Total



Nursery 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.8 0.9

Adult Education 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1


Training After primary Education 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.9 2.1 1.4 0.2 0.4 0.3


Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total 27,771 20,557 48,329 3,641 2,602 6,243 31,413 23,159 54,572

9.8 Working Children Attending School

Table 9.16 shows that a quarter (25.9 percent) of working children are attending secondary education

with higher proportion of girls (28.4 percent) than boys (24.0 percent). About three quarters of

working children (72.6 percent) are attending primary education.

In rural areas 73.6 percent of working children are attending primary education which is higher

compared to 63.9 percent of urban. Proportion of working children attending secondary education is

higher in urban (34.4 percent) compared with rural areas (24.9 percent).

Table 9.16: Percentage Distribution of Working Children Attending School by Highest

Grade Completed, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Education Level

Rural Urban Total


Nursery 1.2 1.4 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 1.2 1.1

Adult Education 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1

Primary Education 75.7 70.9 73.6 63.5 64.3 63.9 74.4 70.2 72.6 Training After primary Education 0.2 0.0 0.1 1.4 1.7 1.5 0.3 0.2 0.2


Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total 18,371 14,214 32,585 2,191 1,749 3,940 20,562 15,963 36,525


The highest proportion of working children (67.7 percent) who are attending secondary education is observed in age group 15-17. It

is higher in urban (71.6 percent) than in rural areas (67.2 percent).

In rural areas, 95.7percent of working children aged 5-11years are attending primary education while in urban areas all working

children aged 5-11 years attending primary education (Table 9.17).

Table 9. 17: Percentage Distribution of Working Children Attending School by Highest Grade Completed, Area and


Education level

Rural Urban Total


Nursery 4.3 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 0.0 0.0 1.1

Adult Education 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1


Training After primary Education 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 4.1 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.2 Secondary Education (O Level) 0.0 6.1 67.2 24.9 0.0 15.3 71.6 34.4 0.0 7.4 67.7 25.9

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total 9,651 11,951 10,983 32,585 612 1,826 1,502 3,940 10,263 13,777 12,485 36,525


Table 9.18 and Figure 9.3 indicate that 97.9 percent of working children were doing economic and

housekeeping activities and very few ( 2.1 percent) perfomed economic activity only. In rural areas, the

proportipn of boys and girls combining both activities is almost the same while, in urban areas all

working girls combined both activities and nine of every ten boys did both activities.

Table 9.18: Percentage of Working Children that Never Attended School by Activities

Performed, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Activity Performed

Rural Urban Total


Economic activity only 1.3 2.0 1.6 12.4 0.0 9.2 2.3 2.0 2.1

Both economic and housekeeping 98.7 98.0 98.4 87.6 100.0 90.8 97.7 98.0 97.9

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total 2,171 2,252 4,424 214 74 288 2,385 2,326 4,711

Figure 9. 3: Percentage of Working Children that Never Attended School by Activities

Performed and Sex; 2014 CLS


9.9 Children in Child Labour

Table 9.19 reveals that, two thirds (68.4 percent) of children in child labour are attending school with

proportionately more girls (74.8 percent) compared to 64.3 percent of boys. Sixteen percent of

children in child labour dropped out from school and 12.7 percent never attended school.

In rural areas, more girls engaged in child labour are also attending school (75.5 percent) than boys

(65.3 percent).The same is true in urban areas, 67.5 of girls compared to 51.1 percent of boys. Boys in

child labour, especially in urban areas marks the highest proportion of drop out and the proportion of

children in child labour who never attended school is higher in rural areas, to both boys and girls.

Table 9. 19: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour , Children Attendance Status,


Attendance status

Rural Urban Total


Completed 1.9 2.4 2.1 14.2 12.2 13.5 3.1 3.3 3.2

Attending 65.8 75.5 69.6 51.1 67.5 56.9 64.3 74.8 68.4

Dropped 19.4 8.3 15.1 23.9 17.2 21.5 19.8 9.1 15.7


Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total 14,258 9,083 23,341 1,598 865 2,463 15,855 9,948 25,803

Table 9.20 indicates that only 12.9 percent of children in child labour their head of households

completed at least secondary education while one eighth (12.7 percent) have no formal education.

The proportion of children in child labour whose head of households attained secondary education is

twice in urban areas (22.6 percent) as much as that of rural areas (11.8 percent). Rural areas, have

higher proportion of children in child labour (72.9 percent) whose head of households attained primary

education compared to urban areas (69.3 percent).


Table 9.20: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Education Level of Head of

Household, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Education Level of Household Heads

Rural Urban Total



Nursery 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.3

Adult Education 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.3


Training After primary Education 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.2


Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total 14,258 9,083 23,341 1,598 865 2,463 15,855 9,948 25,803

9.9.1 Children in Child Labour by Consequence of Injury or Illness on School Attendance

Table 9.21 and Figure 9.4 show that 74.1 percent of child labour attending school not affected by

Consequence of Injury or Ilness. In rural areas, 67.8 percent of boys and 81.1 percent of girls was not

affected. The trend is the same for urban areas. The children who stop schooling was 17.4 percent and

the case happened only in rural aras with large proportion of boys than girls.

Table 9.21: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Consequence of Injury or

Illness on School Attendance, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Consequence of Injury/Ilness

Rural Urban Total


Temporarily stopped schooling

24.5

10.9

19.3

0.0 0.0 0.0

21.4

10.3

17.4

Prevented from schooling permanently

1.2

5.8

3.0

10.6

33.9

15.0

2.4

7.3

4.2

Not affected

67.8

81.1

72.9

89.4

66.1

85.0

70.5

80.3

74.1

Not applicable

6.5

2.2

4.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

5.7

2.1

4.4

Total percent

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Total Population

2,307

1,428

3,735

337

78

415

2,644

1,506

4,150


Figure 9.4: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Consequence of Injury

or Illness and Sex; 2014 CLS

Table 9.22 reveals that, 37.9 percent of children aged 5-17 years in child labour were engaged in

agriculture, forestry and fishing and 34.0 percent mining and quarrying. Among the children in child

labour who were temporarily stopped schooling, about half (48.9 percent) were in agriculture, forestry

and fishing industry. Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles observed to

have a large proportion of children who prevented from schooling permanently ( 36.9 percent).

Table 9. 22: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Industry and Consequence

of Injury or Illness on School Attendance; 2014 CLS

Industry

Temporarily stopped

schooling

Prevented from schooling

permanently Not

affected Not

applicable Total

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 48.9 33.7 31.9 100.0 37.9

Mining and quarrying 15.8 0.0 42.2

0.0 34.0

Manufacturing 14.2 29.4 9.6

0.0 10.8

Construction 0.0

0.0 1.8

0.0 1.4 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 12.8 36.9 9.5

0.0 10.8

Transportation and storage 4.8 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.8

Accommodation and food service activities 3.6

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.6

Other service activities

0.0

0.0 5.0

0.0 3.7

Total percent 100.0 100.0

100.0 100.0

100.0

Total Population 720 173 3,074 182 4,150


The findings in Table 9.23 reveal that, children aged 5-17 in child labour that suffered with injury or

illness and stopped schooling were craft and related workers (42.8 percent) followed by agriculture and

fishery workres (37.9 percent). The same occupations contributed more children prevented from

schooling either temporarily (36.5 percent in agriculture and 29.9 percent in craft and related workers)

or permanently (55.3 percent in agriculture and 29.4 percent craft and related workers).

Table 9.23: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Occupation and

Consequence of Injury or Illness on School Attendance; 2014 CLS

Occupation

Temporarily stopped

schooling

Prevented from schooling

permanently Not

affected Not applicable Total

Service workers and Shop sales workers 4.9 15.3 5.0 0.0 5.2

Skilled agricultural and Fishery workers 36.5 55.3 33.6 100.0 37.9

Craft and Related workers 29.9 29.4 49.2 0.0 42.8

Plant and machine operators and assemblers 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8

Elementary occupation 23.8 0.0 12.2 0.0 13.2

Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Population 720 173 3,074 182 4,150

9.9.2 Children in Child Labour who Attending School by the Highest Level Completed

Among children aged 5-17 years in child labour, 84.2 percent of child labour was primary education.

According to child labour that attending school by the highest level completed, girls in rural area is

high percent than boys (85 and 84.2 percent respectively) was primary education. And in urban area, 81

percent of boys and 79.8 percent of girls child labour that attending school by highest level completed

was primary education (Table 9.24).

Table 9.24: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Highest Level

Completed, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Level Completed

Rural Urban Total


Nursery 2.4 2.8

2.6

0.0

0.0

0.0

2.2 2.6

2.4

Primary Education 84.2 85.0

84.6

81.0 79.8

80.5

84.0 84.6

84.2

Training After primary Education 0.3

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.3

0.0

0.2

Secondary Education (O Level) 13.1 12.2

12.7

19.0 20.2

19.5

13.5 12.8

13.2

Total Percent 100.0 100.0

100.0

100.0 100.0

100.0

100.0 100.0

100.0

Total

9,312 6,862

16,174

817 584

1,401

10,129 7,446

17,575


9.9.3 Children in Child Labour who Attending School by Hazardous Hours Wo rked and School

Attendance

Table 9.25 and Figure 9.5 show that, 98.7 percent of child labour in child labour work at least 14 hours

a week and only 1.3 percent work less than 14 hours a week. Similar partten and level is observed

between rural and urban areas.

Table 9. 25: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Hazardous Hours Worked,

Area and School Attendance; 2014 CLS

Hours

Rural Urban Total

Attending Not

attending Total Attending Not


attending Total

< 14 hours 1.7 0.4 1.2 4.4

0.0 2.2 1.9 0.3 1.3

14 hours and above 98.3 99.6 98.8 95.6 100.0 97.8 98.1 99.7 98.7

Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0



Figure 9. 5: Percentage Distribution of School Attending Children in Child Labour by

Hazardous Hours Worked; 2014 CLS

9.9.4 Children in Child Labour who Attending School by Current Hours Worked and School

Attendance

Table 9.26 shows that 86.8 percent of children in child labour who attend school worked less than 25

hours and 1.9 percent are working at least 40 hours per week.

In rural areas, almost nine in every ten (87.1 percent) of children in child labour who attend school

work less than 25 hours a week which is more compared to urban areas (83.5 percent).

Table 9.26: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Current Hours Worked

in a Week, Area and School Attendance; 2014 CLS

Hours

Rural Urban Total

Attending Not



attending Total

Less than 25 87.1 68.8 79.6 83.5 55.5 68.9 86.8 67.2

78.6

25-34 9.8 13.4 11.3 12.7 9.2 10.9 10.0 12.9

11.2

35-39 1.4 4.1 2.5

0.0 3.5 1.8 1.3 4.0

2.4

40-48 0.6 9.4 4.1 3.8 13.1 8.6 0.8 9.8

4.6

49+ 1.2 4.3 2.5

0.0 18.8 9.8 1.1 6.0

3.2

Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

100.0

Total Population 13,362 9,153 22,515 1,136 1,234 2,370 14,498 10,387

24,885


9.9.5 Children in Child Labour who had Never Attended School

Table 9.27 and Figure 9.6 show that a total of 3,284 children in child labour never attended school with

large number of boys (2,017 children) compared to girls (1,267 children). Three fifths (60.2 percent) of

children in child labour never attended school aged 5-11 year with equal proportion between boys and

girls. Only 12.6 percent of children in child labour who never attended school are aged 15-17 with

more boys (18.3 percent) than girls (3.6 percent).

A high proportion of children in child labour who never attended school observed at age 5-11 year with

high proportion in rural areas (61.1 percent) compared to 46.8 percent in urban areas.

Table 9. 27: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour who had Never Attended

School by Age Groups, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Age Group

Rural Urban Total


5-11 62.6 58.9 61.1 38.7 100.0 46.8 60.6 59.7 60.2

12-14 17.4 37.5 25.5 61.3

0.0 53.2 21.2 36.7 27.2

15-17 20.0 3.7 13.4

0.0

0.0

0.0 18.3 3.6 12.6

Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Population 1,844 1,240 3,085 173 27 199 2,017 1,267 3,284


Figure 9. 6: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour who had Never

Attended School by Age Groups and Sex; 2014 CLS

Table 9.28 indicates that the main reasons for never attending school are refusals (28.1 percent), low

age of the child (21.3 percent) and financial constrains (18.8 percent).

There was no much difference between rural and urban while all girls in urban areas and 22.6 percent

of boys in rural areas pointed to financial constrains as the reason for never attending school.

Refusal, is main reason of children not to attend school both in rural and urban areas (28.2 percent of

27.0 percent respectively) while 2.8 percent children of rural areas reported never not to attend school

due to caring for the sick or children while girls were more likely in caring (5.1 percent) than boys (1.2

percent).


Table 9.28: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour who had Never Attended

School by Reason, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Reasons

Rural Urban Total


Financial constraints 22.6 12.3 18.5 11.7 100.0

23.4 21.7 14.2

18.8

School too far away 2.1 3.1 2.5

0.0

0.0

0.0 1.9 3.0

2.3

Ill/sick 1.2 2.6 1.8

0.0

0.0

0.0 1.1 2.5

1.7

Satisfied 4.3

0.0 2.6

0.0

0.0

0.0 3.9

0.0

2.4

Refused 27.3 29.5 28.2 31.1

0.0

27.0 27.6 28.9

28.1 Caring for the sick/children 1.2 5.1 2.8

0.0

0.0

0.0 1.1 5.0

2.6

Small Children 19.1 24.3 21.2 27.0

0.0

23.4 19.8 23.8

21.3

Other (specify) 22.3 23.1 22.6 30.2

0.0

26.2 23.0 22.6

22.8

Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

100.0 100.0 100.0

100.0

Total Population 1,844 1,240 3,085 173 27

199 2,017 1,267

3,284

Table 9.29 shows that children engagement in both economic and house keeping activities are the main

drives for never attending school. Almost all children in child labour (97.0 percent), between urban

and rural areas and for both sex are reported to be engaged in these activities. Few children in child

labour who never attended school (3.0 percent) are engaged in economic activities only.


Table 9.29: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour who had Never Attended

School by Activity Performed, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Activity

Rural Urban Total


Economic activity only

1.5

3.7

2.4

15.3

0.0

13.3

2.7

3.6

3.0

Both economic and housekeeping

98.5

96.3

97.6

84.7

100.0

86.7

97.3

96.4

97.0

Total percent

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Total Population

1,844

1,240

3,085

173

27

199

2,017

1,267

3,284

9.9.6 Children in Child Labour who Drop Out School

Table 9.30 and Figure 9.7 reveal that, one in every eight (12.6 percent) children in child labour aged 5-

11 and about half of the children (47.0 percent) aged 15-17 drop out of school. The proportion for

children aged 15-17 who drop out school was higher to boys (47.9 percent) than girls (44.1 percent).

The proportion of children who dropped out was higher in urban areas (52.8 percent) compared to rural

areas (46.2 percent) for the children aged 15-17. Boys (66.5 percent) aged 15-17 and girls (55.1

percent) aged 12-14 engaged in child labour in urban areas have exceptional high proportions of drop

out.

Table 9. 30: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour who Drop Out School by

Age Groups, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Age Group

Rural Urban Total


5-11

15.3

4.2

12.9

4.3

27.1

10.7

14.0

8.0

12.6

12-14

39.4

46.5

40.9

29.2

55.1

36.4

38.1

47.9

40.3

15-17

45.3

49.3

46.2

66.5

17.8

52.8

47.9

44.1

47.0

Total Percent

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Total Population

2,760

758

3,518

381

149

530

3,141

907

4,048


Figure 9. 7: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour who Drop Out of School

by Age Groups and Sex; 2014 CLS

Table 9.31 indicates that, four in every five children in child labour (79.5 percent) refused to go to

school with almost equal proportion between boys (79.2 percent) and girls (80.5 percent). Refused, as a

main reason is higher in rural areas (80.9 percent) than urban areas (70.4 percent). Few children in child

labour (6.4 percent) who drop out mention that financial constrains as the main reason.


Reason, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Reason

Rural Urban Total


Financial constraints 8.0

0.0 6.3 0.0 24.7 6.9 7.0 4.1 6.4

School too far away 0.0 3.6 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.7

Ill/sick 0.5 3.5 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 3.0 1.0

Pregnancy related 2.8 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.0 1.9

Satisfied 4.7 7.1 5.2 20.1 0.0 14.5 6.6 5.9 6.4

Refused 80.7 81.5 80.9 68.5 75.3 70.4 79.2 80.5 79.5

Expulsion 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.3 0.0 8.2 1.4

0.0 1.1

Caring for the sick children 2.4 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0

0.0 2.1 0.0 1.6

Other (specify) 0.8 4.2 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 3.5 1.3

Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Population 2,760 758 3,518 381 149 530 3,141 907 4,048


Table 9.32 shows that children engagement in both economic and house keeping activities are the main

drives for drop out school. Almost all children in child labour (98.9 percent), for both sex are reported

to be engaged in these activities. All children in child labour in rural areas drop out school compared

to urban areas (91.8 percent). Few children in child labour who drop out school (1.1 percent) are

engaged in economic activities only.


Activity Performed, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Activity

Rural Urban Total


Economic activity only

0.0

0.0

0.0

11.3

0.0

8.2

1.4

0.0

1.1

Both economic and housekeeping

100.0

100.0

100.0

88.7

100.0

91.8

98.6

100.0

98.9

Total Percent

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Total Population

2,760

758

3,518

381

149

530

3,141

907

4,048

9.10 Non Hazardous Children in Child Labour

Table 9.33 reveals that one in every five (21.9 percent) of non hazardous children in child labour are

either never attended or drop out school. About three quarters (77.2 percent) of non hazardous

children are attending school with proportionatly more girls (82.6 percent) than boys (73.5 percent).

The proportion of non hazardous children who are attending school was higher in rural areas (77.5

percent) than urban areas (73.2 percent).


Table 9.33: Percentage Distribution of Non Hazardous Children by School Attendance, Area and

Sex; 2014 CLS

Attendance Status

Rural Urban Total


Completed

1.6

0.0

1.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

1.5

0.0 0.9

Attending

74.0 82.6

77.5

65.5 83.3

73.2

73.5 82.6 77.2

Dropped

15.3 4.2

10.8

16.7 8.1

13.0

15.4 4.5 10.9

Never attended school

9.1 13.2

10.8

17.8 8.6

13.8

9.6 12.9 11.0

Total Percent

100.0 100.0

100.0

100.0 100.0

100.0

100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Population

6,770 4,705 11,475

407 308

715

7,177 5,014 12,190

Among the non hazardous children, the result shows that 81.3 percent of non hazardous children age 5-

11 years are attending in school. The proportion of non hazardous children who dropped out from

school was higher (21.0 percent) in age group12-14 compared to aged 5-11 (4.8 percent).

In urban areas, 84.5 percent of age group 5-11 years are attending school and 25 percent of age

group12-14 years were dropped (Table 9.34).


Table 9. 34: Percentage Distribution of Non Hazardous Children by School Attendance,

Area and Age Groups; 2014 CLS

Attendance status

Rural Urban Total

5-11 12-14 Total 5-11 12-14 Total 5-11 12-14 Total

Completed

1.0

0.9

1.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.9

0.8

0.9

Attending

81.1

71.5

77.5

84.5

58.0

73.2

81.3

70.6

77.2

Dropped

4.8

20.7

10.8

4.1

25.0

13.0

4.8

21.0

10.9


13.1

6.9

10.8

11.4

17.0

13.8

13.0

7.6

11.0

Total Percentage

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Total Population

7,191

4,284

11,475

409

306

715

7,600

4,590

12,190

9.11 Hazardous Children in Child Labour

Table 9.35 and Figure 9.8 reveal that 59.9 percent of hazardous children are attending school with

more girls (67.0 percent) compared to boys (55.9 percent). One fifth (20.0 percent) of hazardous

children dropped out of the system and 14.3 percent never attended school.

In rural areas, 61.4 percent of hazardous children are attending school which was higher compared to

50.2 percent in urban areas. Proportion of hazardous children who drop out was higher in urban (25

percent) compared to rural areas (19.2 percent).

Table 9.35: Percentage Distribution of Hazardous Children by School Attendance, Area and

Sex; 2014 CLS

Attendance Status

Rural Urban Total


Completed

3.1

5.1

3.8

19.0

18.9

19.0

5.3

6.6

5.8

Attending

57.5

68.0

61.4

46.2

58.8

50.2

55.9

67.0

59.9

Dropped

23.0

12.8

19.2

26.3

22.2

25.0

23.5

13.8

20.0


16.4

14.1

15.6

8.4

0.0

5.7

15.3

12.5

14.3

Total percentage

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Total Population

7,488

4,378

11,866

1,191

557

1,748

8,679

4,935

13,613


Figure 9. 8: Percentage Distribution of Hazardous Children by Schools Attendance and

Sex; 2014 CLS

The results show that the highest proportion of hazardous children (71.2 percent) who attended school

observed in age group 12-14. One third of hazardous children (34.0 percent) who drop out from school

are observed in age group 15-17.

In rural areas, 70.5 percent of hazardous children age 12-14 years was attending school, and 33.6

percent aged 15-17 years dropped out of school. In urban areas, 74.9 percent aged 12-14 years was

attending school and 36 percent of age 15-17 years dropped out of school (Table 9.36 and Figure 9.9).


Table 9.36: Percentage Distribution of Hazardous Children by School Attendance, Area and

Sex;2014 CLS

Attendance Status

Rural Urban Total


Completed

0.0

0.8

8.8

3.8

0.0

0.0

42.7

19.0

0.0 0.7

13.5 5.8

Attending

69.2

70.5

49.0

61.4

70.0

74.9

21.3

50.2

69.2 71.2

45.2 59.9

Dropped

3.1

15.2

33.6

19.2

13.9

17.2

36.0

25.0

4.0 15.5

34.0 20.0


27.7

13.5

8.6

15.6

16.1

7.9

0.0

5.7

26.8 12.6

7.4 14.3

Total Percent

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0 100.0

100.0 100.0

Total Population

3,407

3,628

4,831

11,866

290

680

777

1,748

3,697 4,308

5,608 13,613

Figure 9. 9: Percentage Distribution of Hazardous Children by School Attendance and Sex; 2014

CLS


9.12 Children in Seeking Work

Table 9.37 and Figure 9.10 show that 831 children are seeking work. Three fifths (62.2 percent) of

children seeking work attained primary education and 26.9 percent have secondary education. One in

ten children seeking work has no formal education.

In rural areas, 68.5 percent of children who are seeking work attained primary education which was

higher compared to urban areas (50.5 percent).

Table 9. 36: Percentage of Children Seeking Work by Education Level, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Education level

Rural Urban Total





Total Percentage 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Population 319 217 536 183 112 295 501 330 831


Figure 9. 10: Percentage of Children Seeking Work by Education Level and Sex; 2014CLS

Table 9.38 and Figure 9.11 reveal that only 17.0 percent of children seeking work have completed

schooling proportionality with more girls (19.6 percent) than boys (13.1 percent). About three-fifths

(59.5 percent) of children seeking work are either drop out or never attended school. More than half

(51.4 percent) of boys seeking work have dropped out of school.

In rural areas, 45.4 percent of children seeking work dropped out from school which was less than in


Table 9. 38: Percentage Distribution of Children Seeking Work by Education Status, Area and

Sex;2014 CLS

Education Status

Rural Urban Total


Completed 15.1 0.0 9.0 27.4 38.5 31.6 19.6 13.1 17.0

Attending 18.6 43.4 28.6 22.4 0.0 13.9 20.0 28.6 23.4

Dropped 52.1 35.7 45.4 50.2 61.5 54.5 51.4 44.5 48.6


Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total 319 217 536 183 112 295 501 330 831


Figure 9. 11: Percentage Distribution of Children Seeking Work by Education Status,



CHAPTER TEN: PERCEPTION OF CHILDREN

10.1 Introduction

This chapter analyses children perception on various reasons for engagement on child work including

economical constraint and heritage social customs basically identified as child work. It also provide

important information regarding to perception of working, quitting work, preference and

entertainment.

10.2 Reasons for Working

Above one third (34.8 percent) of the employed children stated that, good upbringing and imparting of

skills was the main reason for working. Almost a third (31.4 percent) of boys was engaged in

employment in order to supplement household income where they are living while 42.4 percent of girls

engaged in employment stated that, good upbringing and imparting of skills was the main reason for

working.

In rural areas, majority of boys (31.4 percent) were engaged in employment in order to supplement

household income where they are living while majority of girls (44.1 percent) engaged in employment

stated that good upbringing and imparting of skills was the main reason for working. In urban areas,

the results reveal that almost one third (31.2 percent) of boys were engaged in economic activities in

order to supplement household income where they are living while in rural areas, three out of every ten

(29.3 percent) girls were engaged in economic activities so as to get good upbringing and impart skills

(Table 10.1).


Table 10.1: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Reason for working, Area

and Sex; 2014 CLS

Reason of working

Rural Urban Total


Supplement household income where you are living 31.4 22.0 27.4 31.2 18.3 25.8 31.4 21.6 27.2 Supplement household income away from where you are living 0.9 0.3 0.6

0.0 6.4 2.7 0.8 1.0 0.8

Pay outstanding debit under contractual arrangement 0.0 0.4 0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0 0.3 0.1

Sssist/help in household enterprise 21.0 21.7 21.3 22.2 26.3 23.9 21.1 22.2 21.6

Education/training programme is not suitable 0.2 0.2 0.2 1.4 0.9 1.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Get good upbringing and imparting of skills 0.2

0.0 0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1

Good upbringing and imparting of skills 30.3 44.1 36.2 19.5 29.3 23.6 29.1 42.4 34.8

Cannot afford education/training expenses 0.5 0.4 0.5 1.4 6.2 3.4 0.6 1.1 0.8

Peer pressure 15.4 10.9 13.5 23.7 12.6 19 16.3 11.1 14.1

Other 0.1

0.0 0.1 0.7

0.0 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.1

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0


Table 10.2 shows that, one third of children in child labour (32.2 percent) state that supplementing

household income where they are living as the main reason for working with more boys (35.3 percent)

than girls (27.2 percent). Three in every ten of children engaged in child labour (32.0 percent) state that

good upbringing and imparting of skills as the main reason for working. Only 1.2 percent of children in

child labour state that, they can not afford education or training expenses as main reason for working.

Children in rural areas are more likely (33.4 percent) to be engaged in child labour in order to get good

upbringing and imparting of skills than children in urban areas (18.9 percent).


Table 10. 2: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Reason for Working,


Reason of working

Rural Urban Total


Supplement household income where you are living 35.6 27.6 32.5

32.6

22.8

29.2

35.3

27.2 32.2

Supplement household income away from where you are living 1.0 0.0 0.6

0.0

9.3

3.3

0.9

0.8 0.9

Assist/help in household enterprise 16.2 21.6 18.3

18.4

25.9

21.0

16.4

21.9 18.6 Good upbringing and imparting of skills 28.7 40.7 33.4

19.9

17.0

18.9

27.8

38.7 32.0

Cannot afford education/training expenses 0.6 0.3 0.5

3.1

15.4

7.4

0.9

1.6 1.2

Peer pressure 17.6 9.8 14.5

24.2

9.6

19.1

18.2

9.8 15.0

Other 0.2 0.0 0.1

1.7

0.0

1.1

0.4

0.0 0.2

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0 100.0

Total Population 14,258 9,083 23,341

1,598

865

2,463

15,855

9,948 25,803

The findings in table 10.3 reveal that, four in every ten of children in hazardous child labour (40.6

percent) are working in order to supplement household income where they are living with more boys

(43.4 percent) than girls (35.6 percent). A quarter of children in hazardous child labour (24.6 percent)

state that good upbringing and imparting of skills as the main reason for working. Only 2.0 percent of

children in hazardous child labour are working because they can not afford education or training

expenses.

Children in hazardous child labour in rural areas are more likely (41.5 percent) to work in order to get

good upbringing and imparting of skills than children in urban areas (34.1 percent).


Table 10. 3: Percentage Distribution of Children in Hazardous Child Labour by Reason for

Working, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Reason of working

Rural Urban Total


Supplement household income where you are living

43.8 37.7

41.5

41.3

18.5 34.1 43.4

35.6

40.6

Supplement household income away from where you are living

1.5

0.0

1.0

0.0

14.4 4.6 1.3

1.6

1.4

Assist/help in household enterprise

12.4 16.6

14.0

13.4

31.1 19.1 12.5

18.2

14.6

Good upbringing and imparting of skills

19.3 38.1

26.3

17.1

4.8 13.2 19.0

34.4

24.6

Cannot afford education/training expenses

1.2

0.0

0.8

4.2

23.9 10.5 1.6

2.7

2.0

Peer pressure

21.3 7.5

16.2

21.7

7.2 17.1 21.4

7.5

16.4

Other

0.4

0.0

0.3

2.2

0.0 1.5 0.7

0.0

0.4

Total Percent

100.0 100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0 100.0 100.0

100.0

100.0

Total Population

7,488 4,378

11,866

1,191

557 1,748 8,679

4,935

13,613

Table 10.4 reveals that, four in every ten of children in non hazardous child labour (40.3 percent) state

that good upbringing and imparting of skills as main reason for working with proportionantly more

girls (42.9 percent) than boys (38.5 percent). Almost a quarter of children in non hazardous child labour

(23.0 percent) are working in order to assist or help in household enterprise. Only less than one percent

of children in non hazardous child labour is working to supplement household income away from

where they are living.

Children in non hazardous child labour in rural areas are more likely (40.8 percent) to work in order to

get good upbringing and imparting of skills than children in urban areas (32.9 percent).


Table 10. 4: Percentage Distribution of Children in Non-hazardous Child labour by Reason

forWorking, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Reason of working

Rural Urban Total


Supplement household income where you are living 26.6 18.2

23.1 7.3 30.6

17.3

25.5 19.0 22.8

Supplement household income away from where you are living 0.4

0.0

0.3

0.0 0.0

0.0

0.4

0.0 0.2

Assist/help in household enterprise 20.4 26.2

22.8 32.9 16.5

25.8

21.1 25.6 23.0

Good upbringing and imparting of skills 39.1 43.1

40.8 28.2 39.1

32.9

38.5 42.9 40.3

Cannot afford education/training expenses

0.0 0.6

0.2

0.0 0.0

0.0

0.0 0.6 0.2

Peer pressure 13.4 11.9

12.8 31.6 13.8

24.0

14.4 12.0 13.4

Total Percent 100.0 100.0

100.0 100.0 100.0

100.0

100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Population 6,770 4,705

11,475 407 308

715

7,177 5,014 12,190

10.3 Perception of Children in quitting work

The findings from table 10.5 show that, 84.7 percent of working boys state that quitting work will

result the loosing of their income which is proportionately higher compared to 15.3 percent of girls.

Seven in every ten working boys (69.3 percent) state that quitting work will lead them not to be able to

support family or parents financially.

Boys in rural areas are more likely (92.2 percent) to state that quitting work will results failing to meet

school expenses. The trend show that the proportion of boys in all type of perceptions was higher

compared to girls.

Table 10. 5: Percentage Distribution of Children on Quitting Work by Type of Perception,


Type of perception

Rural Urban Total


I will lose income 64.9 35.1 100.0 51.7 48.3 100.0 63.1 36.9

100.0

I will not be able to support family/parents financially 70.6 29.4 100.0 65.0 35.0 100.0 69.3 30.7

100.0

My parents will lose someone to assist 54.1 45.9 100.0 52.7 47.3 100.0 54.0 46.0

100.0

I will fail to meet school expenses 92.2 7.8 100.0 70.9 29.1 100.0 84.7 15.3

100.0

Nothing will happen 54.4 45.6 100.0 62.6 37.4 100.0 55.6 44.4

100.0

Other 100.0

0.0 100.0 100.0

0.0 100.0 100.0 0.0

100.0


Four fifths (83.9 percent) of boys in child labour state that, quitting work will result to fail to meet

school expenses which is proportionately higher compared to 16.1 percent of girls. Three quarters

(76.6 percent) of boys in child labour state that quitting work will lead them not to be able to support

family or parents financially.

Boys engaged in child labour in rural areas are more likely (100.0 percent) to state that quitting work

will results failing to meet school expenses,Table 10.6.

Table 10. 6: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour on Quitting Work by

Type of Perception, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Type of perception

Rural Urban Total


I will lose income 64.9 35.1 100.0 64.6 35.4 100.0 64.8 35.2

100.0 I will not be able to support family/parents financially 76.2 23.8 100.0 79.5 20.5 100.0 76.6 23.4

100.0

My parents will lose someone to assist 57.5 42.5 100.0 53.4 46.6 100.0 57.3 42.7

100.0

I will fail to meet school expenses 100.0 0.0 100.0 58.4 41.6 100.0 83.9 16.1

100.0

Nothing will happen 57.2 42.8 100.0 67.9 32.1 100.0 58.5 41.5

100.0

Other 100.0 0.0 100.0 100.0

0.0 100.0 100.0 0.0

100.0

The findings from Table 10.7 reveal that, seven in every ten boys in hazardous Child Labour state that

quitting work will lead them not to be able to support family or parents financially which is

proportionately higher compared to 20.4 percent of girls and the same proportion state that they will

fail to meet school expenses. Almost seven in every ten boys in hazardous child labour (67.9 percent)

state that nothing will happen to them if they are quitting work.

Boys in rural areas are more likely (100.0 percent) to state that quitting work will results failing to meet

school expenses.


Table 10.7: Percentage Distribution of Children in Hazardous Child Labour on Quitting Work

by Type of Perception, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Type of perception

Rural Urban Total


I will lose income 60.3 39.7 100.0 65.1 34.9 100.0

60.9 39.1

100.0 I will not be able to support family/parents financially 78.7 21.3 100.0 84.1 15.9 100.0

79.6 20.4

100.0

My parents will lose someone to assist 58.3 41.7 100.0 48.1 51.9 100.0

57.5 42.5

100.0

I will fail to meet school expenses 100.0

0.0 100.0 58.4 41.6 100.0

79.7 20.3

100.0

Nothing will happen 65.5 34.5 100.0 80.3 19.7 100.0

67.9 32.1

100.0

Other 100.0

0.0 100.0 100.0

0.0 100.0

100.0

0.0

100.0

The findings from Table 10.8 show that all boys in non hazardous child labour state that, quitting work

will result failing to meet school expenses whereby no girls state this perception. The same trend was

observed in rural areas.

Table 10.8: Percentage Distribution of Children in Non-hazardous Child Labour on Quitting

Work by Type of Perception, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Type of Perception

Rural Urban Total


I will lose income 77.8

22.2

100.0

59.4

40.6

100.0

77.0

23.0 100.0

I will not be able to support family/parents financially 71.0

29.0

100.0

53.4

46.6

100.0

69.9

30.1 100.0

My parents will lose someone to assist 56.9

43.1

100.0

61.7

38.3

100.0

57.1

42.9 100.0

I will fail to meet school expenses 100.0

0.0

100.0 0.0 0.0

0.0

100.0

0.0 100.0

Nothing will happen 52.0

48.0

100.0

53.4

46.6

100.0

52.2

47.8 100.0

Other 100.0

0.0

100.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

100.0

0.0 100.0

10.4 Children Preference

The findings in Table 10.9 show that the largest proportion of working children (32.5 percent) prefer

going to school full time if given a chance to choose. One in every ten working children (10.6 percent)

prefer to complete education or training and start to work.

The results further show that three in every ten working children in rural areas (31.7 percent ) and four

in every ten working children in urban areas prefer going to school full time if they are given a chance


to choose. Only few working children (1.1 percent) in both rural and urban areas prefer to work Part-

time in household chores or housekeeping.

Table 10.9: Percentage Distribution of Children on Choice if Given a Chance by Preference,


Preference

Rural Urban Total


Going to school full-time

29.4 34.6

31.7

30.6 51.8

39.4

29.6

36.6

32.5

Working for income full-time

9.6 7.2

8.6

14.4 11.8

13.3

10.2

7.7

9.1

Helping full-time in household enterprise or business

5.1 5.2

5.1

3.8 6.6

5.0

4.9

5.4

5.1

Working full-time in household chores or housekeeping

8.3 14.1

10.7

7.2 6.2

6.8

8.2

13.2

10.3

Going to school part-time and working part-time for income

11.3 11.9

11.5

7.5 5.8

6.8

10.8

11.2

11.0

Part-time in household enterprise or business

4.9 3.3

4.2

1.6 0.0

0.9

4.5

2.9

3.8

Part-time in household chores or housekeeping

0.2 2.2

1.1

0.7 1.8

1.1

0.2

2.2

1.1

Complete education/training and start to work

12.0 8.7

10.6

15.8 3.9

10.8

12.4

8.1

10.6

Find a better job/work than the present one

12.4 5.8

9.6

14.6 5.2

10.7

12.6

5.7

9.7

Continue with current work

6.9 7.0

6.9

3.7 6.9

5.0

6.5

7.0

6.7

Total Percent

100.0 100.0

100.0

100.0 100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Total Population

27,771 20,557

48,329

3,641 2,602

6,243

31,413

23,159

54,572

One third of children in child labour (35.2 percent) prefer going to school full time if given a chance to

choose with proportionately more girls (40.4 percent) than boys (32.0 percent). One in every ten

children in child labour (10.7 percent) prefer to complete education or training and start to work. Less

than one percent of children in child labour (0.9 percent) prefer to work Part-time in household chores

or housekeeping.

One third of children in child labour in rural areas (34.5 percent) and four in every ten of children in

child labour in urban areas prefer going to school full time if they are given a chance to choose.


Table 10.10: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour on Choice if Given a

Chance by Preference, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Preference

Rural Urban Total


Going to school full-time 31.8 38.6 34.5

33.4

59.3 42.5

32.0

40.4

35.2

Working for income full-time 8.0 6.4 7.4

14.6

2.9 10.5

8.7

6.1

7.7 Helping full-time in household enterprise or business 3.9 3.4 3.7

4.2

13.1 7.3

3.9

4.2

4.0

Working full-time in household chores or housekeeping 6.2 8.5 7.1

4.3

2.3 3.6

6.0

7.9

6.8

Going to school part-time and working part-time for income 13.1 12.6 12.9

4.2

7.6 5.4

12.2

12.2

12.2

Part-time in household enterprise or business 4.1 3.9 4.0

0.6

0.0 0.4

3.8

3.5

3.7

Part-time in household chores or housekeeping 0.0 2.5 1.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

2.2

0.9

Complete education/training and start to work 10.6 10.1 10.4

21.1

1.1 14.1

11.6

9.3

10.7

Find a better job/work than the present one 12.0 4.8 9.2

14.8

9.5 12.9

12.3

5.2

9.6

Continue with current work 10.3 9.2 9.9

2.7

4.3 3.2

9.5

8.8

9.3

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0

100.0

100.0 100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Total Children 14,258 9,083 23,341

1,598

865 2,463

15,855

9,948

25,803

The Table 10.11 shows that a quarter of children in hazardous child labour (26.6 percent) prefer going

to school full time if given a chance to choose. One eigth of children in hazardous child labour (12.5

percent) prefer to find a better job or work than the present one.

Children in hazardous child labour in urban areas (37.5 percent) are more likely prefer going to school

full time if given a chance to choose.


Table 10. 11: Percentage Distribution of Children in Hazardous Child Labour on

Choice if Given a Chance by Preference, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Preference

Rural Urban Total


Going to school full-time 23.0 28.5 25.0

28.5

56.6

37.5

23.7

31.7

26.6

Working for income full-time 8.7 3.8 6.9

14.3

0.0

9.7

9.5

3.4

7.3

Helping full-time in household enterprise or business 1.3 4.4 2.5

5.6

15.6

8.8

1.9

5.7

3.3

Working full-time in household chores or housekeeping 1.7 5.0 2.9

4.1

0.0

2.8

2.1

4.4

2.9

Going to school part-time and working part-time for income 14.4 19.5 16.3

3.6

6.4

4.5

12.9

18.0

14.8

Part-time in household enterprise or business 6.1 6.1 6.1

0.9

0.0

0.6

5.4

5.4

5.4

Part-time in household chores or housekeeping

0.0 1.7 0.6

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

1.5

0.5

Complete education/training and start to work 14.1 9.1 12.3

19.5

0.0

13.3

14.8

8.1

12.4

Find a better job/work than the present one 14.3 7.1 11.6

19.9

14.8

18.2

15.0

7.9

12.5

Continue with current work 16.4 14.7 15.8

3.6

6.6

4.6

14.6

13.8

14.3

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Total Population 7,488 4,378 11,866

1,191

557

1,748

8,679

4,935

13,613

10.5 Children Entertainment

The findings in Table 10.12 show that 45.1 percent of the responses of employed children are playing

as their entertainment when they are free with more response of boys (46.4 percent) than girls (43.2

percent). A quarter of these response (25.5 percent) prefer studying when they are free whereby girls’

responses (31.3 percent) are more likely to prefer studying than boys (21.5 percent).

The results further show that rural areas have higher proportion (45.8 percent ) of responses of playing

as entertainment when they are free compared to urban areas(39.6 percent). Studying during the free

time is more stated by employed children in rural areas (26.4 percent) than in urban areas(18.9 percent).


Table 10. 12: Distribution of Employed Children Responses by Entertainment Status,


The findings in Table 10.13 show that playing during the free time is the most stated entertainment

(48.6 percent) by children in child labour compared to other entertainment status. Above one quarter

of response (27.7 percent) prefer watching TV when they are free whereby’ responses girls (26.5

percent) are more likely to prefer studying than boys (18.9 percent).

The results further show that urban areas have higher proportion (35.5 percent) of responses of

watching TV as entertainment when they are free compared to rural areas (26.9 percent). Playing

during the free time is more stated by children in child labour in rural areas (49.1 percent) than in urban

areas (44.1percent).

Table 10. 13: Distribution of Children Responses in Child Labour by Entertainment Status,


Entertainment Status

Rural Urban Total


Playing 47.7 51.3 49.1 48.4 34.8 44.1 47.8 50.0 48.6

Watching TV 30.8 20.6 26.9 36.3 34.0 35.5 31.4 21.6 27.7

Studying 19.6 26.7 22.3 12.5 24.4 16.3 18.9 26.5 21.7

Others 1.9 1.4 1.7 2.8 6.9 4.1 2.0 1.9 1.9

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Responses 23,365 14,367 37,733 2,747 1,268 4,015 26,112 15,636 41,748

Table 10.14 shows that 46.9 percent of the responses of children in hazardous child labour are playing

as their entertainment when they are free with more response of girls (48.3 percent) than boys (46.2

percent). One third of these response (32.7 percent) prefer watching TV when they are free whereby

boys’ responses (37.1 percent) are more likely to prefer studying than girls (24.6 percent).


Rural Urban Total


Playing 46.5 44.8 45.8 45.2 30.9 39.6 46.4 43.2 45.1

Watching TV 29.4 20.9 25.9 36.3 38.8 37.3 30.2 22.9 27.3

Studying 22.4 32.2 26.4 15.5 24.3 18.9 21.5 31.3 25.5

Others 1.8 2.1 1.9 3.0 6.0 4.2 1.9 2.5 2.2

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Responses 45,879 31,805 77,684 6,390 4,066 10,456 52,269 35,870 88,139


The results further show that rural areas have higher proportion (47.8 percent ) of responses of playing

as entertainment when they are free compared to urban areas(41.3 percent). Studying during the free

time is more stated by children in hazardous child labour in rural areas (19.0 percent) than in urban

areas(14.7 percent).

Table 10. 14: Distribution of Children Responses in Hazardous Child Labour by

Entertainment Status, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS


Rural Urban Total


Playing 45.9 51.0 47.8 47.4 25.6 41.3 46.2 48.3 46.9

Watching TV 36.8 23.0 31.8 39.0 37.7 38.6 37.1 24.6 32.7

Studying 15.6 24.8 19.0 10.3 25.9 14.7 14.8 24.9 18.4

Others 1.6 1.2 1.5 3.3 10.8 5.4 1.9 2.2 2.2

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Responses 12,010 6,852 18,862 2,055 809 2,864 14,065 7,661 21,727

The findings in Table 10.15 show that playing during the free time is the most stated entertainment

(50.4 percent) by children in non-harzadous child labour compared to other entertainment status. One

fifth of these response (22.3 percent) prefer watching TV when they are free whereby responses boys

(24.6 percent) are more likely to prefer studying than girls (18.8 percent).

The results also show that rural areas have higher proportion (25.7 percent ) of responses of studying as

entertainment when they are free compared to urban areas (20.2 percent). Playing during the free time

is almost equal stated by children in non-harzadous child labour in both rural areas (50.3 percent) and


Table 10. 15: Percentage Distribution of Children Responses in non-harzadous Child Labour by

Entertainment Status, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Entertainment status

Rural Urban Total


Playing 49.5 51.6 50.3 51.3 50.9 51.2 49.6 51.5 50.4

Watching TV 24.4 18.3 22.0 28.1 27.4 27.8 24.6 18.8 22.3

Studying 23.8 28.5 25.7 19.3 21.7 20.2 23.6 28.1 25.4

Others 2.2 1.6 2.0 1.3 0.0 0.8 2.2 1.5 1.9

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Responses 11,355 7,515 18,870 692 459 1,151 12,047 7,974 20,021


CHAPTER ELEVEN: OTHER CHARACTERISTICS

11.1 Introduction

This chapter presents additional information on other characteristics that have impact in socio-

economic of households with children aged 5–17 years.

11. 2 Distribution of Children by Other Characteristics

Table 11.1 below shows that, majority of children (96.2 percent) live with parents or relatives as their

head of households. There is some proportion of children ( 0.1 percent) who are domestic servants.

Table 11. 1: Percentage of Children by Relationship to Head of Household, Area and Sex; 2014

CLS

Relationship Rural Urban Total


Parents/Relatives 97.6 95.2 96.4 97.5 94.6 96.0 97.5 94.9 96.2

Domestic servants 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1

Not parents/relatives 2.4 4.8 3.6 2.5 5.2 3.9 2.5 5.0 3.7

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Number 140,512 136,233 276,745 91,221 94,312 185,533 231,732 230,545 462,278

Table 11.2 reveals that majority of children leave in modern roof houses (82.7 percent). It was also

noted that, low proportion of children (2.7 percent) in urban areas leave in dwellings with a traditional

roof. The results observed that 72.2 percent live in dwellings with modern wall and the majority are in

urban areas ( 96.2 percent). The results also reveal that, 72.4 percent of children live in modern floor

dwellings whereby in rural areas, the proportion of those who live in modern and traditional floor

dwellings has slightly differences.

Table 11. 2: Percentage Distribution of Children by Dwelling Characteristics and Area; 2014

CLS

Dwellings Characteristics Rural Urban Total

Roof

Modern roof 72.9 97.3 82.7

Tradition roof 27.1 2.7 17.3

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

Wall

Modern wall 56.0 96.2 72.2

Tradition wall 44.0 3.8 27.8

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

Floor

Modern floor 57.5 94.6 72.4

Tradition floor 42.5 5.4 27.6

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0


Table 11.3 reveals that, all domestic servants (100 percent) who are in urban areas live in modern

roof, modern wall and modern floor dwellings. The results also reveal that, only 2.7 percent of children

who live in urban areas, live in traditional roof with parents or relatives. In rural areas the results noted

that 44.4 percent of the children live in traditional wall houses. Generally, traditional housing are more

located in rural areas compared to urban areas.


Table 11.3: Percentage Distribution of Children by Dwelling Characteritics, Relationship with Members of Household and Area;

2014 CLS

Dwelling characteristics

Child relationship type

Parents/Relatives Domestic servants Not parents/relatives Total

Rural Urban Total Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total

Modern roof 72.6 97.3 82.5 100.0 100.0 82.6 98.3 89.2 72.9 97.3 82.7

Roof Tradition roof 27.4 2.7 17.5 0.0 0.0 17.4 1.7 10.8 27.1 2.7 17.3

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Number 266,775 178,140 444,915 214 214 9,969 7,179 17,149 276,745 185,533 462,278

Modern wall 55.6 96.2 71.9 100.0 100.0 66.8 96.9 79.4 56.0 96.2 72.2

Wall Tradition wall 44.4 3.8 28.1 0.0 0.0 33.2 3.1 20.6 44.0 3.8 27.8

Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Number 266,775 178,140 444,915 214 214 9,969 7,179 17,149 276,745 185,533 462,278

Modern floor 56.9 94.6 72.0 100.0 100.0 74.7 93.5 82.6 57.5 94.6 72.4

Floor Tradition floor 43.1 5.4 28.0 0.0 0.0 25.3 6.5 17.4 42.5 5.4 27.6

Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Number

266,775 178,140 444,915 214 214 9,969 7,179 17,149 276,745 185,533 462,278


Further results show that, 95.1 percent of employed children live with parents or relatives, where

only 0.4 percent of employed children are domestic servants. Among the employed children 8.2

percent of girls were domestic servants in urban areas (Table 11.4).

Table 11.4: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Relationship with Head of

Household, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Relationship Rural Urban Total


Parents/relatives 97.0 94.3 95.8 92.6 85.8 89.8 96.5 93.3 95.1

Domestic servants 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.2 3.4 0.0 0.9 0.4 Not parents/relatives 3.0 5.7 4.2 7.4 6.0 6.8 3.5 5.8 4.5

Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total number

27,771

20,557

48,329

3,641

2,602

6,243

31,413

23,159

54,572

Table 11.5 shows that, most of employed children (69.5 percent) live in modern roof dwellings,

while in urban 88.9 percent live in morden roof. There were no much difference between employed

children living in modern and traditional floor of dwellings in rural areas.

Table 11.5: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Main Dwelling

Characteristics and Area; 2014 CLS

Dwelling characteristics Rural Urban Total

Modern roof 67.0 88.9 69.5

Roof Tradition roof 33.0 11.1 30.5

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0

Wall Modern wall 45.3 86.5 50.0

Tradition wall 54.7 13.5 50.0

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0

Floor Modern floor 49.0 83.9 53.0


Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0


Table 11.6 revealed that almost seven in every ten (68.8 percent) of employed children who live with parents or relatives stay in dwellings with

modern roof while only three in every ten employed children live in dwellings with traditional roof (31.2 percent). Furthermore reveals that, six

in every ten (64.3 percent) of employed children who do not live with parents or related stay in dwelling with modern floor while only four in

every ten employed children live in dwellings with traditional floor (35.7 percent).

Table 11.6: Percentage Distribution of Main Dwellings Characteristics of Employed Children by Relationship to Head of Household

and Area; 2014 CLS


Dwelling characteristics Parents/Relatives Domestic servants Not parents/relatives Total

Rural Urban Total Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total

Modern roof 66.4 88.3 68.8 100.0 100.0 79.8 92.3 82.0 67.0 88.9 69.5

Roof Tradition roof 33.6 11.7 31.2 0.0 0.0 20.2 7.5 18.0 33.0 11.1 30.5

Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Modern wall 45.0 85.9 49.4 100.0 100.0 51.1 88.3 57.6 45.3 86.5 50.0

Wall Tradition wall 55.0 14.1 50.6 0.0 0.0 48.9 11.5 42.4 54.7 13.5 50.0

Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Modern floor 48.6 82.5 52.3 100.0 100.0 58.0 93.9 64.3 49.0 83.9 53.0

Floor Tradition floor 51.4 17.5 47.7 0.0 0.0 42.0 5.9 35.7 51.0 16.1 47.0

Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0


Table 11.7 describes that, 69.7 percent of children who are not in child labour live in the modern

roof houses. While the proportion in urban areas, 92.2 percent was higher compared to rural

areas (66.3 percent). In rural areas, 33.7 percent of children who are not in child labour live in

traditional roof dwellings where only 7.8 percent are in urban areas.

The results show that, there was slightly difference of 5 percent between traditional and modern

wall dwellings where children who are not in child labour live in.

In addition, the results observed that, the proportion (50.9 percent) is almost the same for

children not in child labour living in modern floor dwellings compared to traditional floor (49.1

percent).

Table 11. 7: Percentage Distribution of Children not in Child Labour by Dwelling


Main characteristics Rural Urban Total

Modern roof 66.3 92.2 69.7 Roof Tradition roof 33.7 7.8 30.3

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

Modern wall 47.0 89.0 52.5 Wall Tradition wall 53.0 11.0 47.5

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

Modern floor 50.9 86.0 55.5 Floor Tradition floor 49.1 14.0 44.5

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

Table 11.8 shows that majority of non working children (97.0 percent) live with parents or

relatives while the proportion of boys and girls was almost the same (98.0 percent and 95.8

percent respectively). For those who do not live with parents or relatives, the results found that

boys are fewer (2.0 percent) compared with girls (4.2 percent).

Table 11. 8: Percentage of non-working Children by Relation to Members of Household,


Rural Urban Total

Relationship Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

Parents/Relatives 97.9 96.1 97.1 98.0 95.4 96.8 98.0 95.8 97.0

Not with parents/relatives 2.1 3.9 2.9 2.0 4.6 3.2 2.0 4.2 3.0 Total

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0


Table 11.9 shows that, majority of non working children (85.1 percent) live in modern roof

dwellings, with 98.2 percent in urban areas and 73.9 percent in rural areas. Generally, the

proportions of non working children live in dwellings with modern wall (74.4 percent) and

modern floor (76.0 percent) are higher compared to those who live in dwellings with tradition

wall and tradition floor. About 42 percent non working children who live in rural areas, live in

dwellings with traditional floor.

Table 11. 9: Percentage Distribution of Non-working Children by Main Dwelling


Dwelling Characteristic Rural Urban Total

Modern roof 73.9 98.2 85.1

Roof Tradition roof 26.1 1.8 14.9

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

Modern wall 54.3 97.8 74.4

Wall Tradition wall 45.7 2.2 25.6

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

Modern floor 58.5 96.5 76.0

Floor Tradition floor 41.5 3.5 24.0

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

Table 11.10 explains that, more than a half of children in child labour (69.2 percent) live in

modern roof dwellings, where as 84.0 percent are found in urban areas and 67.7 percent are in

rural areas.

The proportion of children in child labour who live in the dwelling with traditional wall is

slightly higher (52.8 percent) compared to those living in modern wall dwellings (47.2 percent).

Less than twenty percent (17.3 percent) of children with child labour live in traditional wall

dwellings in urban areas.

Almost the same proportion of children in child labour live in dwellings with modern floor

(50.2 percent) and traditional floor (49.8 percent). In urban areas, there are more children in

child labour living in modern floor dwellings (80.7 percent) compared to those living in tradition

floor dwellings (19.3 percent).

Table 11. 10: Percentage Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Main Dwelling

Characteristic and Area; 2014 CLS

Dwelling characteristics Area

Rural Urban Total

Roof Modern roof 67.7 84.0 69.2 Tradition roof 32.3 16.0 30.8 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

Wall Modern wall 43.5 82.7 47.2 Tradition wall 56.5 17.3 52.8 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0


Floor Modern floor 47.0 80.7 50.2


Total 100.0 100.0 100.0

Table 11.11 shows that, 84.8 percent of non working children who are in vulnerable situation

lives in modern roof dwellings with their parents or relatives. The proportion of non working

children in vanurable situation who lives with their parents in urban areas was higher (98.1

percent) compared to those living in rural areas (73.4 percent).

The results further revealed that, 96.2 percent of non working children in vanurable situation

who do not live with their parents or relative live in morden roof dwellings where as all non

working children (100 percent) in urban areas who do not live with their parents or relatives

found in morden roof dwellings.

It was also observed that, 74.0 percent of non working children live in modern wall dwelling and

26.0 percent live in traditional wall dwellings. Moreover, it was discovered that, 97.8 percent of

working children in urban areas live with their parents in morden wall dwellings while 53.8

percent of non working children in rural areas staying with their parents in morden wall

dwellings.

Table 11. 11 : Percentage Distribution of Non-working Children in Vulnerable Situations

by Dwellings Characteristics, Children Relationship and Area; 2014 CLS

Dwelling characteristics


Parents/Relatives Not parents/relatives

Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total

Roof

Modern roof 73.4 98.1 84.8 92.8 100 96.2

Tradition roof 26.6 1.9 15.2 7.2 0 3.8

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Wall

Modern wall 53.8 97.8 74.0 71.9 97.1 84.1

Tradition wall 46.2 2.2 26.0 28.1 2.9 15.8

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Floor

Modern floor 57.8 96.4 75.6 80.8 100 90.1

Tradition floor 42.2 3.6 24.4 19.2 0 9.9

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100


Table 11.12 shows that, more employed children gets injuries occasionally (50.5 percent). The

results also reveal that some of the employed children get injuries or illiness seldom or rarely (40.0

percent) and a small propotion of employed children (9.5 percent) get injuries or illiness often or

frequently.

Five in every ten employed children (50.5 percent) get injuries or illness occasionally compared to

one employed child in every ten get injuries or illness more often or frequently. More than fifty

percent (52.4 percent) of urban employed children get injuries or illness occusionaly, this has no

much difference from the proportion of rural areas (50.3 percent).

The employed children working in urban areas are at higher risk of getting injuries or illiness more

often or frequently (23.3 percent) than those working in rural areas (8.0 percent). However the

propotion of employed children who get injuries or illiness occassionaly was almost the same in

both rural and urban areas ( 50.3 and 52.4 percent respectively).

It was also observed that employed girls from urban areas are often get injuries or illness (58.0

percent) compared to employed boys (16.1 percent). The proportion of getting injuries or illness

rarerly for employed boys (41.9 percent) and girls (41.5 percent) in rural areas were almost the

same while in urban areas boys(55.8 percent) are more likely to eet injuries or illiness occasionally

than girls (36.2 percent).

Table 11.12: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Frequency of Injuries or

illness, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Frequency

Rural Urban Total


Often or frequently 9.7 5.0 8.0 16.1 58.0 23.3 10.5 7.7 9.5

Occasionaly 48.4 53.4 50.3 55.8 36.2 52.4 49.3 52.6 50.5

Seldom or rarely 41.9 41.5 41.8 28.2 5.2 24.3 40.1 39.7 40.0

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Number 5,653 3,328 8,981 843 174 1,017 6,496 3,502 9,998

Table 11.13 shows that, of all the childen almost 10,000 children get severe illiness or accident at

their working environment, the results show that 1.9 percent of employed children got permanent

disability, 3.8 percent were prevented from work permanently, 42.8 percent stopped working

temporary, 0.7 changed their job and 50.9 percent continued working.

The results further show that there are no employed children who got permanent disability in urban

areas while there were 2.1 percent of employed children with permanent disability in rural areas.


The propotion of children who stopped working temporarly was higher in rural areas (45.0 percent)

compared to urban areas (23.2 percent).

It was also observed that the propotion of children in urban areas who continue to work after severe

illiness or accident was higher (74.3 percent) compared to rural employed children (48.2 percent).

Table 11.13: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Severe Illness or Accident

Faced, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Severe illness/accident faced Rural Urban Total


Permanently disabled 2.6 1.2 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 1.1 1.9

Prevented from work permanently 3.8 4.4 4.0 0.0 14.4 2.5 3.3 4.9 3.8

Stopped work temporarily 40.1 53.5 45.0 16.5 55.7 23.2 37.1 53.6 42.8

Changed jobs 1.2 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.7

Continue to work 52.4 40.9 48.2 83.5 29.9 74.3 56.4 40.4 50.9

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Number 5,653 3,254 8,906 843 174 1,017 6,496 3,427 9,923

Agriculture, forestry and fishing have the highest proportion of employed children who get accident

or illness, almost 60 percent of which majority are boys (64.8 percent). Followed by wholesale and

retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles(12.4 percent).

A part from agriculture, forestry and fishing which appear to be the leading industry which accident

occurred most in both rural-urban areas, furthermore the study observed that 12.1 percent of

employed children in rural areas work in wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and

motorcycles got accident while in urban areas, 16.9 percent of employed children in

accommodation and food service activities got accident or illness (Table 11.14).


Table 11.14: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Industry which Accident

or Illness Occurred, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Industry Rural Urban Total


Agriculture, forestry and fishing 68.5 48.3 59.9 36.5 27.7 32.8 64.8 46.0 56.8


Manufacturing 4.1 18.8 10.4 0.7 12.8 5.7 3.7 18.1 9.8

Construction 2.3 0.1 1.4 4.9 0.0 2.9 2.6 0.1 1.6

Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles

14.4 9.0 12.1 18.7 10.1 15.1 14.9 9.1 12.4


Accommodation and food service activities 1.0 7.9 4.0 11.7 24.1 16.9 2.2 9.8 5.4

Information and communication 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 2.3 2.0 0.2 0.3 0.2

Real estate activities 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Administrative and support service activities 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1

Arts, entertainment and recreation

0.0 0.2 0.1 1.2 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.1

Other service activities 0.6 0.8 0.7 11.3 7.5 9.7 1.9 1.5 1.7

Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.0 5.0 0.0 1.4 0.6

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Number 27,771 20,557 48,329 3,641 2,602 6,243 31,413 23,159 54,572


Table 11.15 states that, 50.5 percent of employed children sometimes carry or lift heavy load.

Furthermore the results observed that, 16.3 percent of employed children are always or often

carrying heavy load and 33.2 percent of employed children are seldom or rarely carrying heavy load.

The trend was almost the same in both rural and urban areas.

Table 11. 15: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Frequency of Carrying

heavy Load,Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Frequencies

Rural Urban Total


Always/often 17.0 9.9 14.6

35.6

16.2

28.6

19.2

10.7

16.3

Sometimes 51.5 52.2 51.8

41.2

42.0

41.5

50.3

51.0

50.5

Seldom/rarely 31.5 37.8 33.7

23.3

41.7

29.9

30.5

38.3

33.2

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0

100.0

99.9

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Total Number 19,707 10,389 30,096 2,639 1,475 4,114 22,346 11,864 34,210

The results show that, 49.5 percent of total employed children work in dust, fumes and gases

followed by children employed in environment of water (sea, lake or rivers ) account for 28.5

percent.

The results also observed that, majority of employed children work in the environment of dust,

fumes and gases in both rural and urban areas (52.3 percent and 36.3 percent respectively)

compared with other working environments. The same trend was observed for boys and girls in both

rural and urban areas (Table 11.16).

Table 11.16: Distribution of Employed Children by Working Environment, Area and Sex;

2014 CLS

Rural Urban Total

Enviroment Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

In (sea, lake, river)

water 37.8 23.4 32.6 12.8 0.0 9.4 32.9 20.3 28.5

Dusts, fumes, gases 44.4 66.1 52.3 28.3 58.2 36.3 41.2 65.1 49.5

Noise 6.2 3.4 5.2 28.4 14.1 24.6 10.5 4.8 8.5

Extreme temperature

or humidity 3.1 2.7 2.9 22.7 17.3 21.3 6.9 4.6 6.1

Dangerous

tools/animals 1.3 1.3 1.3 4.3 4.7 4.4 1.9 1.8 1.8

Work underground 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.2

Work at heights 2.5 0.0 1.6 2.1 0.0 1.5 2.4 0.0 1.6

Insufficient lighting 1.1 0.4 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.4 0.7

Chemicals 0.3 2.1 0.9 0.0 4.7 1.3 0.2 2.5 1.0

Other 3.4 0.0 2.2 1.4 1.0 1.3 3.0 0.1 2.0

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Number 10,128 5,823 15,950 2,464 895 3,360 12,592 6,719 19,310


Table 11.17 observed that, most of employed children (28.4 percent) use special shoes as their

protective gear and 25.3 percent use glasses. The proportion of employed children using gloves was

higher in urban areas (23.3 percent) while in rural areas, majority use special shoes (32.9 percent).

The findings in rural areas observed that, majority of employed boys (34.8 percent) use glasses as

their protective gear while no employed girls use the same protective gear. In urban areas, most of

employed boys (28.4 percent) use gloves while girls are more likely using earplug (19.2 percent).

Table 11.17: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Type of Protective

Gear Used, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Protective Gears

Rural Urban Total


Glasses 34.8 0 31.3 14.7 7.9 12.2 29.9 5.0 25.3

Helmet 1.9 11.1 2.9 6.5 7.9 7.0 3.1 9.1 4.2

Earplug 9.6 8.2 9.4 11.0 19.2 14.1 9.9 15.1 10.9

Special shoes 30.9 49.7 32.9 19.9 16.7 18.7 28.2 28.9 28.4

Gloves 9.0 7.6 8.9 28.4 14.8 23.3 13.7 12.2 13.4

Dust mask 6.0 12.3 6.6 6.5 7.9 7.0 6.1 9.6 6.8

Not know 3.4 - 3.0 7.9 16.0 10.9 4.5 10.0 5.5

Other 4.4 11.1 5.0 5.1 9.6 6.8 4.5 10.2 5.6

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Number 2,799 316 3,114 906 532 1,435 3,704 847 4,549

Table 11.18 describes that, 47.0 percent of children in non hazardous work are seldom or rare get

injuries or illness and this proportion has no much difference from those who get injuries or illness

occasionally (46.0 percent). The results also show that, no girls at all who get injuries or ill due to

work in urban areas.


Table 11.18: Percentage Distribution of Non hazardous Children by Frequency of Injuries or

Illness, Areas and Sex; 2014 CLS

Frequencies

Rural Urban Total


Often/frequently 3.0 18.0 7.4 0 0 2.8 18.0 7.0 Occasionaly 54.3 25.4 46.0 46.1 46.1 53.7 25.4 46.0 Seldom/rarely 42.7 56.6 46.6 53.9 53.9 43.5 56.6 47.0 Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Number 993 401 1,396 76 76 1,069 401 1,471

Table 11.19 was found that even though non hazardous get ill or accident, 59.2 percent of children in

non hazardous work continue to work and only 6.2 percent prevented from work permanent. The

results also observed that 31.9 percent of children in non hazardous work stopped working

temporarily. Additionally, the results revealed that no one changed the job due to biggest illness or

accident .

Most of ill children or who get accident in non hazardous work in rural areas continue to work (56.9

percent).

Table 11. 19: Percentage Distribution of Non hazardous Children by Biggest Illness or

Accident Faced, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Biggest Illness

Rural Urban Total


Permanently disabled 0 10.7 2.9 0 0 0 10.7 2.7 Prevented from work permanently 2.4 17.9 6.6 0 0 2.2 17.9 6.2 Stopped work temporarily 34.7 30.9 33.7 0 0 32.2 30.9 31.9 Changed jobs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Continue to work 62.9 40.5 56.9 100.0 100.0 65.5 40.5 59.2 Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Number 994 363 1,357 76 76 1,070 363 1,433

Six in every ten of children in non hazardous get injuries or accident in agriculture. Apart from

agriculture, forestry and fishing which appear to be the leading industry which accident occurred

most in both rural-urban areas, furthermore the results observed that, 17.7 percent of non

hazardous children in rural areas work in manufacturing were ill or got accident while in urban

areas, 7.8 percent of non hazardous children in wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles

and motorcycles got accident or illness (Table 11.20).


Table 11. 20: Percentage Distribution of Non hazardous Children by Industry which

Accident or Illness Occurred, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Industry

Rural Urban Total

Boys

Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

Agriculture, forestry and fishing

69.6

49.3

61.3

56.8

69.5

62.2

68.9

50.5

61.3

Manufacturing

9.9

28.9

17.7

0

14.0

6.0

9.3

28.0

17.0

Wholesale and retail trade; repair of

motor vehicles and motorcycles

18.8

11.2

15.7

7.4

8.8

7.8

18.1

11.1

15.2

Transportation and storage

0.5

0

0.3

0

0

0

0.5

0

0.3

Accommodation and food service

activities

0.7

9.9

4.5

5.9

7.8

6.9

1.0

9.8

4.6

Other service activities

0.5

0.7

0.6

30.0

0

17.1

2.1

0.7

1.5

Total Percent

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Total Number

6,770

4,705

11,475

407

308

715

7,177

5,014

12,190

Table 11.21 shows that, 51.3 percent of the children in non hazardous work sometimes carry heavy

loads. The results also observed that, percentage of boys who sometimes carry heavy load in both

rural and urban areas was higher compared with the proportion of girls.

Table 11. 21: Percentage Distribution of Non hazardous Children by Frequency of Carrying

heavy load, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Frequencis Rural Urban Total


Sometimes 55.0

43.7

51.2

60.8

34.8

52.1

55.4

43.0

51.3

Seldom/rarely 45.0

56.3

48.8

39.2

65.2

47.9

44.6

57.0

48.7

Total Percent 100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Total Number 4,155

2,084

6,239

319

161

480

4,475

2,245

6,720

Table 11.22 shows that, 53.0 percent of children work in non hazardous working environment (in

sea, lake, and water) while 1.6 percent of children in non hazardous work, working in insufficient

lighting environment. However, there was no much difference in percent wise between boys and

girls where boys was 53.2 percent and girls was 52.5 percent in water ( sea, lake, river) and dusts,

fumes and gases while other categories no non hazardous girls working in such environments.


Generally, most of children in non hazardous work both in rural and urban areas working in water

(sea, lake, river) and dusts, fumes and gases.

Table 11. 22: Percentage Distribution of Non hazardous Children by Working Environment,


Rural

Urban Total

Working Environment Boys Girls Total Boys Total Boys Girls Total

In (sea, lake, river) water

52.2

52.5

52.3

100.0

100.0

53.2

52.5

53.0

Dusts, fumes, gases

25.2

47.5

31.7

0

0

24.6

47.5

31.2

Noise

7.1

0

5.1

0

0

7.0

0

5.0

Work at heights

3.8

0

2.7

0

0

3.7

0

2.7

Insufficient lighting

2.3

0

1.6

0

0

2.2

0

1.6

Other

9.4

0

6.6

0

0

9.2

0

6.5

Total Percent

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Total Number

1,175

488

1,662

26

26

1,201

488

1,688

Table 11.23 describes that 52.1 percent of children who are working in hazardous place occasionally

get injuries or illness while 12.5 percent are often get injuries or illness. In addition to that the results

observed that, among the ones who occasionally get injured or illness urban boys have the highest

(61.7 percent) followed by rural girls (57.5 percent).

Table 11.23: Percent Distribution of Hazardous Children by Frequency of Injuries or Illness,


Frequencies

Rural Urban Total


Often/frequently

14.6

4.6

10.6

15.0

70.4

23.1

14.7

8.6

12.5

Occasionaly

47.6

57.5

51.5

61.7

20.4

55.6

50.4

55.2

52.1

Seldom/rarely

37.9

38.0

37.9

23.4

9.2

21.3

35.0

36.2

35.4

Total Percent

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.2

100.0

100.0

100.0 100.0

100.0

Total Number

2,335

1,509

3,844

572

98

671

2,907

1,608

4,515


Table 11.24 gives the information that out employed children who are using protective gears 40.0

percent working as farmers, gardeners and fisheries, where as boys are the majority (51.0 percent)

compared with girls 20.0 percent. The results also discovers that rural boys employed children are

the most (56.0 percent) in using protection gear in that field.

Table 11.24: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Type of Protective Gears

Used, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Type of Protective

Rural Urban Total


House Stewards, Cooks and Housekeepers 0 1.0 0 0 25.0 9.0 0 4.0 1.0

Hairdressers, Barbers, Beauticians and Related Workers 0 0 0 5.0 0 3.0 1.0 0 0

Farmers, Gardeners and Fishery workers 56.0 22.0 44.0 19.0 5.0 14.0 51.0 20.0 40.0

Miners and Quarry Workers 21.0 52.0 32.0 17.0 16.0 16.0 20.0 47.0 30.0

Carpenters, Painters and Plumbers 1.0 0 1.0 2.0 0 1.0 1.0 0 1.0

Welders, Blacksmith and mechanics 1.0 0 1.0 16.0 0 11.0 3.0 0 2.0

Food processing,weavers and shoe repairers 2.0 9.0 4.0 0 2.0 1.0 1.0 8.0 4.0

Bus drivers, heavy truck drivers and conductors 2.0 1.0 1.0 0 0 0 2.0 1.0 1.0

Street vendors 4.0 13.0 7.0 19.0 41.0 27.0 6.0 17.0 10.0

Messengers, Package and Luggage Porters and Deliverers 1.0 0 1.0 0 0 0 1.0 0 1.0

Farm hands, fishery, mechanics and related labourers 12.0 3.0 9.0 23.0 11.0 19.0 14.0 4.0 10.0

Total Percent 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Total Number 7,106 4,080 11,185 1,092 557 1,649 8,197 4,637 12,833

Table 11.25 describes that, 40.5 percent of distribution of the children working in hazardous places

are sometimes carry heavy loads where as girls are the majority 47.3 percent. Furthermore, the

results reveal that, 37.0 percent are always carrying heavy loads and boys are the most with 40.0

percent. In rural areas, most of children working in hazadious work sometimes carrying heavy loads

(43.2 percent) as compared with urban areas with 60.7 percent of hazardous children always or aften

carry heavy loads.


Table 11. 25: Percentage Distribution of Hazardous Children by Frequency of Carrying

Heavy Load, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Frequencies Rural Urban Total


Always/often 34.8 26.7 32.7 69.8 40.8 60.7 40.0 29.2 37.0

Sometimes 40.6 50.3 43.2 22.5 33.3 25.8 37.9 47.3 40.5

Seldom/rarely 24.6 23.0 24.2 7.8 26.1 13.4 22.1 23.5 22.5

Total Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Number 5,887 2,161 8,048 1,024 463 1,488 6,911 2,625 9,535

Table 11.26 observed that, most (48.6 percent) hazardous children work in fumes and gases followed

by hazardous children working in water environment ( sea, lakes and rivers) 25.4 percent. Both rural

and urban areas hazardous children working in fumes and gases was observed the most. In rural

areas, was followed by children working in hazardous environment of sea, lake or river (29.9

percent) while in urban areas was followed by extreme temperature or humidity (26.6 percent). The

variation between boys and girls have almost the same proportions in both rural and urban areas in

all type of environments.


Table 11.26: Percentage Distribution of Hazardous Children by Working Environment,


Environment

Rural Urban Total


In (sea, lake, river) water 39.2 6.6 29.9 13.5 0 9.3 33.6 5 25.4

Fumes, Gases 43.4 75.9 52.6 27.3 51.6 34.7 39.9 70.2 48.6

Noise 6.2 3.3 5.4 21.9 10.7 18.5 9.6 5.1 8.3 Extreme temperature or humidity 1.9 6 3 27.5 24.4 26.6 7.4 10.3 8.2

Dangerous tools/animals 1.7 3.7 2.3 3.9 6.6 4.7 2.1 4.4 2.8

Work underground 0 1.6 0.4 0 0 0 0 1.2 0.3

Work at heights 3.5 0 2.5 3.6 0 2.5 3.5 0 2.5

Insufficient lighting 1.1 0 0.8 0 0 0 0.9 0 0.6

Chemicals 0.5 3 1.2 0 6.6 2 0.4 3.8 1.4

Other 2.6 0 1.9 2.5 0 1.7 2.6 0 1.8

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Total Number 5,224 2,061 7,284 1,427 634 2,062 6,650 2,695 9,345


Table 11.27 shows that, 34.1 percent of hazardous children wearing glasses as protective gears and

the majority of boys hazardious children ( 39.3 percent) use glasses while girls children use earplug

(21.4 percent).

Almost 21 percent of hazardious children in urban areas uses gloves as their protective gears while

in rural areas, majority uses glasses about 46.0 percent and no girls in rural areas using any of the

mentioned protective gears.

Table 11. 27: Percentage Distribution of Hazardous Children by Type of Protective Gears

Used, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Types of Protected Gear Rural Urban Total

Boys Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total

Glasses 46.0 46.0 19.3 8.8 14.5 39.3 8.8 34.1

Helmet 1.6 1.6 6.2 8.8 7.4 2.7 8.8 3.8

Earplug 7.2 7.2 13.5 21.4 17.1 8.7 21.4 10.9

Special shoes 17.8 17.8 18.6 8.8 14.1 18.1 8.8 16.5

Gloves 11.8 11.8 23.9 16.6 20.6 14.8 16.6 15.1

Dust mask 8.3 8.3 6.2 8.8 7.4 7.7 8.8 7.9

Not know 3.9 3.9 6.2 17.9 11.4 4.5 17.9 6.8

Other 3.5 3.5 6.2 8.8 7.4 4.1 8.8 5.0

Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total number 1,706 1,706 565 476 1,040 2,270 476 2,743

Table 11.28 describes that 72.6 percent of the children working in non hazardous areas, their

parents or guardians have a primary education level. In the same category, there was a slight

difference between boys and girls in both rural and urban areas. The results revealed that, 0.1

percent of children working in non hazardous area their parents or guardians have adult education

or training after primary education.

It was also observed that, rural areas account for 5.2 percent of children working in non hazardous

area their parents or guardians with no formal education while in urban areas, 7.3 percent of

children working in non hazardous area which are all boys.


Table 11.28: Percentage Distribution of the Children in Non-Hazardous by Education

Level of their Parents or Guardians, Area and Sex; 2014 CLS

Education level

Area

Rural Urban Total


No Formal Education 5.1 5.3 5.2 12.8 0 7.3 5.5 5.0 5.3 Nursery 0 0.7 0.3 0 0 0 0 0.7 0.3 Adult Education 0 0 0 2.2 0 1.3 0.1 0 0.1


Training After primary Education 0 0 0 2.9 0 1.7 0.2 0 0.1 Secondary Education (O Level) 21.6 21.3 21.5 16.5 35.1 24.5 21.3 22.1 21.6 Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total number 6,770 4,705 11,475 407 308 715 7,177 5,014 12,190

Table 11.29 revealed that, 61.5 percent of the children working in hazardous work, their parents or

guardians have a primary education level. In the same category, there was a slight difference between

the proportion of boys and girls.

It was also observed that, rural areas have slightly higher proportion (10.5 percent) of children

working in hazardous work having parents or guardians with no formal education than urban areas

(6.3 percent).

Table 11. 29: Percentage Distribution of the Children in Harzadous Work by Education Level

of Parents or Guardians, Areasand Sex; 2014 CLS

Education levels

Rural Urban Total


No Formal Education 10.7 10.3 10.5 9.2 0 6.3 10.5 9.1 10.0 Nursery 1.0 0 0.7 0 0 0 0.9 0 0.6


Training After primary Education 0 0.7 0.3 0 0 0 0 0.6 0.2

Secondary Education (O Level) 25.1 29.0 26.6 40.6 25.9 35.9 27.2 28.7 27.8 Total percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total number 7,488 4,378 11,866 1,191 557 1,748 8,679 4,935 13,613


CONCLUSION

As in many developing countries, Zanzibar is characterised by young population. The survey found

a total of 462,278 children aged 5-17 years whereby boys are 231,732 and girls are 230,545.

Residentially, majority of these children are residing in rural areas (276,745) compared to urban

areas (185,533). In term of regions, about two-fifths of the children live in Mjini Magharibi

(181,130), followed by Kaskazini Pemba (95,060), Kusini Pemba (85,487), Kaskazini Unguja

(63,150) and the least is Kusini Unguja with only 37,451 children.

The survey indicates that, there were 54,572 working children, the large proportion of the employed

children (almost nine out of ten) live in rural areas. It is observed that girls are more likely to be

engaged in employment at young age (5 -11 years) than boys. Majority of the employed children

(two out of five) belong to age 15 to 17 years. Geographically, Kusini Pemba region has the highest

proportion of children who were employed compared to other regions.

The total number of non working children was 57,523; there are more non working children in rural

areas compared to urban areas. The survey indicates that larger proportion of boys (56.1 percent) is

not working compared to girls (43.9 percent). With respect to age distribution nine out of every ten

non working children are aged 5-11 years with equal proportion between boys and girls. Mjini

Magharibi region has the highest proportion (47.6 percent) of non working children compared to

other regions.

The findings further reveal that, most of the children in Zanzibar are doing household chores

(350,182), with higher number of girls compared to boys. Rural areas have larger proportion of

children doing household chores than urban areas. Household chores are extensive among young

children aged 5-11 which constitutes more than half (57.8 percent) of the total children in

household chores. Just like non working children, Mjini Magharibi region has the highest

proportion of children doing household chores. Generally, children spend an average of 22 hours

per week working on household chores. The children in rural areas are more likely to work longer

hours in household chores than in urban areas. In weekend (Saturdays and Sundays) children spend

an average of more than 60 minutes per day in household chores with girls spending more time (77

minutes) per day than boys (62 minutes).

The children employment status shows that nearly one third of employed children are working as

unpaid family helper (in crops growing), with larger proportion in rural areas than urban. Almost

three in every ten employed children were self employed (non-agricultural) without employees with

slightly more girls than boys. It is further noted that paid employees are more common among boys

and urban areas.

The findings further show that, more than half of children are engaged in agriculture, forest and

fishing Industry, which is more prevalent among boys and rural areas. The second largest Industry

with more working children are wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and


motorcycles. It is observed that children who are engaged in accommodation and food service

activities are more common in urban areas.

Employed children spend an average of 17 hours per week; with boys working for longer hours

than girls. Employed children in urban areas work more hours per week (average of 20 hours) than

in rural areas (average of 16 hours). Older employed children aged 15–17 work for the longest

hours (21 hours per week) compared to other age groups. Employed children worked longer at day

time (average of 185 minutes) compared to evening (70 minutes) and night (19 minutes) times. It is

also observed that young girls are working longer during the night compared to young boys.

Most of the children mention the main reason for working is for the good upbringing and imparting

of skills with larger proportion among girls than boys. Similar reasons were provided among rural

children. Most of boys mentioned that supplementing household income where they are living as

the main reason for working; similar reason was provided by the urban children .

A total of 831 children aged 5-17 are seeking work with boys depicting higher proportion than girls.

Boys recorded a higher proportion for unemployed children than girls. Almost two third of children

who were seeking work reside in rural areas than in urban areas, Mjini Magharibi children depict

the largest proportion of children of seeking work compared to other regions. Majority of child job

seekers look for the full time than part time work.

The monthly average income of employed children was TZS. 29,348, with boys earn more (TZS.

34,345.6 per month) than girls (TZS. 22,570.4 per month). Children aged 15-17 years earn about a

half of total earnings (TZS 40,202 per month) which is higher compared to other age groups.

Employed children in urban areas have higher monthly income of (TZS. 43,884.8) than in rural

areas (TZS. 27,470.7).

Children working in Services sector earn an average of TZS. 65,342 per month followed by

manufacturing (TZS. 34,422.4) and agriculture sector TZS. 12,383.5 per month. Arts, entertainment

and recreation is the leading industry with an average salary of TZS. 560,000 per month followed

by administrative and support service activities with average salary of TZS. 450,000 per month.

A total of 25,803 children are involved in child labour with more boys than girls. Children aged 5 -

11 contribute the highest proportion (43.8 percent) of children in child labour with proportionately

more girls (49.4 percent) than boys (40.2 percent). The majority of children in child labour were

found in rural areas than in urban areas. Out of total number of children in child labour, 13,613


children are found in hazardous child labour where boys are more likely to be engaged in hazardous

child labour than girls. Kusini Pemba region recorded the highest proportion of children in

hazardous child labour. It was revealed that children in rural are more prone to hazardous child

labour than in urban areas. The older the age the higher the proportion of children engaged in

hazardous child labour.

More than one third (37.6 percent) of children in child labour works as self employed (Non-

agricultural without employees); with more girls than boys, followed by unpaid family helper (in

crops growing). The smallest proportion of children in child labour is reported to work on own farm

(livestock/animals). Findings reveal that, one in every ten children in child labour is a paid

employee with more proportion of boys than girls.

Children in child labour work an average of 18 hours per week on economic activities. Boys work

an average of 20 hours per week compared to girls (15 hours per week). Children in child labour in

urban areas work longer (22 hours per week) than in rural areas (18 hours per week). Children in

hazardous child labour work an average of 21 hours per week on economic activities. Boys work an

average of 23 hours per week compared to girls (17 hours per week). Children in urban areas work

longer in hazardous work (26 hours a week) than in rural areas (20 hours per week).

More than half of employed children in hazardous conditions are exposed in condition of dusts,

fumes and gases with the higher proportion of girls (74.1 percent) than boys (52.0 percent). One

third of children in hazardous child labour works in sea, lake, river and water with more boys than

girls.

Three out of ten children who are in child labour share the idea that good upbringing and imparting

of skills as the main reason for working, followed by supplementing household income where they

are living. On other side, the majority of children in hazardious child labour work in order to

supplement household income where they are living.

Eight in every ten children are attending school. Moreover the proportion of girls attending school

is higher than that of boys. Children aged 12–14 years account for a higher proportion of school

attendance (91.2 percent) compared to children in other age groups. The results further show that,


children in urban areas (88.5 percent) are more likely to attend school than rural areas (75.1

percent).

The results indicate that one in every ten children has never attended school; the age group 5-11 has

the highest proportion of children who never attend school. The situation in rural areas is almost

triple compared to the urban areas with more boys than girls. The proportion of children who never

attend school is the highest for non working children (two fifths). Among children in child labour,

nine in every ten engage themselves in both economic and housekeeping activities. Four fifths of

children in child labour refused to attend schools with similar proportion between girls and boys.

The survey results show that 4.3 percent (19,878) of children aged 5-17 have dropped out of school.

The results show that, children aged 15–17 years accounts for the highest proportion of school

dropout compared in other age group. The dropout is more common among employed children (one

in every five) compared to non working children and children doing household chores. Dropout

increases with the age of children.

Among the children in child labour who are attending schools, one in every five children are

victims of accidents, injuries and illness which lead them to temporarily stopped to go school, with

the higher proportion of boys than girls. Children in rural areas are more affected than children in

urban areas. Children in child labour working in agriculture, forestry and fishing industry are most

likely to sufferer from accidents, injuries and illness compared to those in other industries, of

which nearly half of them (48.9 percent) were temporarily stopped to go to school and one third

(33.7 percent) was prevented from schooling permanently.

Three quarter of the children (78.6 percent) in child labour work less than 25 hours per week, with

urban areas work for few hours compared to rural areas. Among children in hazardous child labour

work for more than 14 hours per week.

Half of employed children get injuries or illness occasionally with almost similar proportion

between sexes. Almost one in every ten employed children get injuries or illness frequently.


Employed children in urban get injuries or illness frequently (23.3 percent) while that of rural areas

get injuries or illness rarely (41.8 percent). A half of the employed children, who are victim of

injuries or illness continue to work, two-fifth stopped work temporarily and about two percent get

permanently disabled whereby all of them are from rural areas. One in every two employed

children (56.8 percent) engaged in agriculture, forestry and fishing industry.

Majority of employed children (95.1percent) live with their parents or relatives as their head of

households, with almost similar distribution among boys (96.5 percent) and girls (93.3 percent).

Most of employed children live in the households with modern roof (69.5 percent), modern wall

(50.0 percent) and modern floor (53.0 percent). Children in rural areas are more likely to live in

households with tradition roof, tradition floor and tradition wall compare to children live in the

urban areas. The analysis further shows that a small proportion of employed girls were typically

domestic servant with all of them live in urban areas in households with modern roof, modern wall

and modern floor.


Recommendations

Zanzibar Government have education policy which proclaim free education to all Zanzibaris

irrespective of colour, creed or gender. The survey reveal that there are substantial number of

children who never attended school, especially young children aged 5-11 years and dropout

children are mostly observed in age 15-17 years. Special programs should be developed to:-

Sensitize parents, guardians or head of the households on importance of education to

children.

Economically empower poor households through government programmes (TASAF

program), Microfinance institutions or other means to enable them to engage in improved

productive activities.

Zanzibar as a part of International community adhere number of convention and develops her own

policy regarding to employment, there is existence of vulnerable children who are engaged in both

child labour and hazardous works, victim of work related injuries and illness without protective

gears and measures are mostly found in rural areas especially in agricultural, forest and fishing

industry. The regional variation in child labour and hazardous work needs specific intervention

prioritizing mostly affected regions to protect child from more vulnerability. There is a need for

responsible institutions to fully enforce employment policy.

The non-governmental Institutions need to play roles regarding to children growth by promoting

safer work for good upbringing and imparting of skills.


REFERENCE

ILO 2008. Resolution concerning statistics of child labour: The 18th International

Conference of Labour Statisticians,.

The Zanzibar Employment Act No. 11 of 2005.

The Zanzibar Children’s Act no 6, 2011.

Zanzibar Socio- Economic Survey, 2014: Office of the Chief Government Statistician


ANNEXES

Annex 1: Statistical Table

Table A5.1:Distribution of Child Population by Age Group, Area and Sex; CLS 2014

Age group

Rural Urban Total


5-11

81,965

81,204

163,169

52,736

52,951

105,687

134,701

134,155

268,856

12-14

32,862

31,951

64,813

21,207

22,027

43,234

54,069

53,977

108,046

15-17

25,685

23,078

48,763

17,278

19,334

36,612

42,962

42,413

85,375

Total

140,512

136,233

276,745

91,221

94,312

185,533

231,732

230,545

462,278

Table A5.2:Distribution of Non Working Children by Age Group, Area and Sex; CLS 2014

Age group

Rural Urban Total


5-11

16,447

12,596

29,043

13,059

11,013

24,071

29,506

23,608

53,114

12-14

559

343

903

1,086

474

1,560

1,646

817

2,463

15-17

565

490

1,054

534

357

892

1,099

847

1,946

Total

17,571

13,429

31,000

14,679

11,844

26,523

32,250

25,273

57,523


Table A5.3:Distribution of Children in Household Chores (non-economic) by Age Group,

Area and Sex; CLS 2014

Age group

Rural Urban Total


5-11

58,953

62,751

121,703

39,208

41,645

80,853

98,161

104,395

202,556

12-14

22,755

25,229

47,985

18,816

20,417

39,233

41,572

45,646

87,218

15-17

13,461

14,267

27,728

14,876

17,805

32,681

28,337

32,072

60,409

Total

95,169

102,247

197,416

72,900

79,866

152,766

168,069

182,113

350,182

Table A6.1:Distribution of Employed Children by Age Groups, Area and Sex, CLS 2014

Age group

Rural Urban Total


5-11

6,565

5,858

12,423

469

294

763

7,034

6,151

13,186

12-14

9,547

6,378

15,925

1,305

1,136

2,440

10,852

7,514

18,365

15-17

11,659

8,322

19,981

1,868

1,172

3,040

13,527

9,494

23,021

Total

27,771

20,557

48,329

3,641

2,602

6,243

31,413

23,159

54,572

Table A6.2:Distribution of Employed Children by Industry, Area and Sex; CLS 2014

Industry

Rural Urban Total

Male

Female Total Male

Female Total Male Female Total

Agriculture, forestry and fishing

19,020

9,927

28,947

1,329

720

2,049

20,349

10,648

30,996

Manfacturing

3,503

6,914

10,417

456

421

877

3,959

7,335

11,294

Services

5,248

3,716

8,965

1,856

1,460

3,317

7,105

5,177

12,281

Total

27,771

20,557

48,329

3,641

2,602

6,243

31,413

23,159

54,572


Table A6.3:Distribution of Employed Children by Age Groups and Region,

CLS 2014

Age group Kaskazini

Unguja Kusini Unguja

Mjini magharibi

Kaskazini Pemba

Kusini Pemba Total

5-11 429 2,128 948 4,662 5,020 13,186

12-14 941 3,418 2,498 5,672 5,836 18,365

15-17 2,484 3,822 3,278 6,408 7,028 23,021

Total 3,854 9,368 6,724 16,742 17,884 54,572

Table A8.1:Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Age group, Area and Sex;

CLS 2014

Age Group

Rural Urban Total


5-11 5,965 4,633 10,598 414 285 699 6,379 4,918 11,297

12-14 4,995 2,917 7,911 591 395 987 5,586 3,312 8,898

15-17 3,298 1,533 4,831 592 185 777 3,890 1,718 5,608

Total 14,258 9,083 23,341 1,598 865 2,463 15,855 9,948 25,803

Table A8.2: Distribution of Children in Child Labour by Industry, Area and Sex; CLS 2014

Industry

Rural Urban Total


Agriculture, forestry and fishing 8,704 3,147 11,850 478 241 719 9,181 3,387 12,569

Manufacturing 2,654 3,925 6,579 290 142 432 2,944 4,067 7,011

Service 2,900 2,011 4,911 830 483 1,312 3,729 2,494 6,223

Total

14,258

9,083

23,341

1,598

865

2,463

15,855

9,948

25,803

Table A8.3 :Distribution of Children in Child labour by Region, Area and Sex; CLS 2014

Region

Rural Urban Total


Kaskazini Unguja 1,115 486 1,601 72 0 72 1,188 486 1,673 Kusini Unguja 2,058 2,021 4,079 151 27 178 2,209 2,048 4,257 Mjini magharibi 968 473 1,441 952 411 1,363 1,919 884 2,803 Kaskazini Pemba 5,120 2,457 7,577 376 352 729 5,497 2,809 8,305 Kusini Pemba 4,996 3,647 8,643 47 75 121 5,043 3,721 8,764

Total 14,258 9,083 23,341 1,598 865 2,463 15,855 9,948 25,803


Table A8.4: Distribution of Children not in Child Labor by Age Group, Area and Sex; CLS

2014

Age group

Rural Urban Total


5-11

601

1,224

1,825

55

9

64

655

1,233

1,889

12-14

4,552

3,461

8,014

713

740

1,454

5,266

4,202

9,467

15-17

8,361

6,789

15,150

1,275

987

2,263

9,636

7,776

17,412

Total

13,514

11,474

24,988

2,044

1,737

3,780

15,557

13,211

28,769

Table A8.5:Distribution of Children in non Harzadous Child Labour by Age group, Area and

Sex; CLS 2014

Age Group

Rural Urban Total


5-11

3,969

3,222

7,191

191

218

409

4,160

3,440

7,600

12-14

2,801

1,483

4,284

216

90

306

3,017

1,573

4,590

Total

6,770

4,705

11,475

407

308

715

7,177

5,014

12,190

Table A8.6:Distribution of Children in Harzadous Child Labour by Age Group, Area and

Sex; CLS 2014

Age Group

Rural Urban Total


5-11

1,996

1,411

3,407

223

67

290

2,219

1,478

3,697

12-14

2,194

1,434

3,628

375

305

680

2,569

1,739

4,308

15-17

3,298

1,533

4,831

592

185

777

3,890

1,718

5,608

Total

7,488

4,378

11,866

1,191

557

1,748

8,679

4,935

13,613


Table A8.7:Distribution of Children in Harzadous Child Labour by Harzadous Industry,

Area and Sex; CLS 2014

Harzadous Industry

Rural Urban Total


Mining and Quarrying

1,506

2,264

3,770

174

89

263

1,680

2,353

4,033

Construction

306

30

336

116

0

116

423

30

452

Total

1,813

2,293

4,106

290

89

380

2,103

2,383

4,486

Table A9.1: Percentage Distribution of Employed Children by Education Status, Area and

Sex; CLS 2014

Education Status

Rural Urban Total


Completed 742 949 1,692 331 387 717 1,073 1,336 2,409

Attending 18,371 14,214 32,585 2,191 1,749 3,940 20,562 15,963 36,525

Dropped 6,487 3,142 9,629 906 393 1,298 7,392 3,535 10,927

Never attended school 2,171 2,252 4,424 214 74 288 2,385 2,326 4,711

Total 27,771 20,557 48,329 3,641 2,602 6,243 31,413 23,159 54,572

Table A9.2: Distribution of Employed Children by Education level, Area and Sex; CLS 2014

Education level

Rural Urban Total


No Formal Education 2,171 2,252 4,424 214 74 288 2,385 2,326 4,711

Nursery 277 194 471 0 0 0 277 194 471

Alternative Education 33 0 33 9 0 9 42 0 42

Primary Education 19,766 12,617 32,382 2,239 1,647 3,886 22,005 14,264 36,268 Training After primary Education 30 30 59 31 54 85 61 83 145 Secondary Education (O Level) 5,495 5,465 10,960 1,148 827 1,975 6,642 6,292 12,935

Total 27,771 20,557 48,329 3,641 2,602 6,243 31,413 23,159 54,572


Table A9.3: Distribution of the Employed Children by Education Level of Parents or

Guardians, Area and Sex; CLS 2014

Education level

Rural Urban Total


No Formal Education 1,638 1,565 3,203 203 47 250 1,841 1,612 3,453

Nursery 78 35 113 0 0 0 78 35 113

Adult Education 66 0 66 18 0 18 84 0 84

Primary Education 17,723 11,149 28,872 1,944 1,428 3,373 19,667 12,578 32,245

Training After primary Education 0 30 30 43 54 97 43 83 127 Secondary Education (O Level) 8,267 7,778 16,045 1,433 1,072 2,505 9,700 8,851 18,550

Total 27,771 20,557 48,329 3,641 2,602 6,243 31,413 23,159 54,572

Table A9.4: Distribution of Children in Child Labour by School Attendance Status, Area and

Sex; CLS 2014

Attendance status

Rural Urban Total


Completed 342 222 564 227 106 332 568 328 896

Attending 9,312 6,862 16,174 817 584 1,401 10,129 7,446 17,575

Dropped 2,760 758 3,518 381 149 530 3,141 907 4,048

Never attended school 1,844 1,240 3,085 173 27 199 2,017 1,267 3,284

Total 14,258 9,083 23,341 1,598 865 2,463 15,855 9,948 25,803

Table A9.5: Percentage Distribution of non Harzadous Children in Child Labour by School

Attendance Status, Area and Sex; CLS 2014

Attendance status

Rural Urban Total


Completed 38 0 38 0 0 0 38 0 38

Attending 5,079 3,885 8,964 267 257 523 5,346 4,142 9,487

Dropped 1,036 199 1,235 68 25 93 1,104 224 1,328

Never attended school 616 621 1,237 72 27 99 688 648 1,336

Total 6,770 4,705 11,475 407 308 715 7,177 5,014 12,190


Table A9.6: Distribution of Hazardous Children by School Attendance Status, Area and Sex;

CLS 2014

Attendance Status

Rural Urban Total


Completed 231 222 454 227 106 332 458 328 786

Attending 4,305 2,977 7,282 550 328 878 4,855 3,304 8,159

Dropped 1,724 559 2,283 313 124 437 2,037 683 2,720

Never attended school 1,228 619 1,847 100 0 100 1,329 619 1,948

Total 7,488 4,378 11,866 1,191 557 1,748 8,679 4,935 13,613


Annex 2: Questionnaire

Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar

Office of Chief Government Statistician and (PO) Labour and Public Services

INTEGRATED LABOUR FORCE SURVEY 2014

HOUSEHOLD AND INDIVIDUAL QUESTIONNAIRE

SECTION A: IDENTIFICATION BLOCK

1. REGION:

2. DISTRICT

3. WARD / SHEHIA

4. VILLAGE/STREET

5. ENUMERATION AREA (EA) QUARTER

6. HOUSEHOLD ID (FROM LIST) : TOTAL NUMBER OF USED QUESTIONNAIRES:

7. NAME OF LOCAL LEADER/SHEHA: LFS WCS TUS

8. NAME OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD:

9. PHONE NO. OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD:

10. RESULT OF INTERVIEW:

CODE

CONFIDENTIAL

MARK BOX WITH AN 'X' IF YOU USE MORE THAN

ONE QUESTIONNAIRE

QUESTINNAIRE ____ OF ____

This information is collected under the Statistical Act

(Act No. 9 of 2007) of SMZ

THIS INFORMATION IS STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL

AND IS TO BE USED FOR STATISTICAL

PURPOSES ONLY.

PERSON’S NUMBER TO BE INTERVIEWED

IF CODE 2-7 GIVE

COMMENTS:

TOTAL NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS

Fully Responding...........

Vacant.....................

Listing Error..............

Refusal....................

No Contact.................

Family Problems............

1

2

3

4

5

6






IDENTIFICATION

23. 24. 25.

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

Among the source of

income you mentioned

which is the main source

of income for household?

What is the household monthly

cash income from all sources?

(FOR SELF EMPLOYED

WRITE NET INCOME)

(IN TSH)

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

A B C D E F G H

01 01

02 02

03 03

04 04

05 05

06 06

07 07

08 08

09 09

10 10

11 11

12 12

Does the household have any other sources of income

of any type?

(MULTIPLE ANSWER IS ALLOWED) WRITE

CODE "1" FOR EACH ANSWER IN A SPECIFIC

AREA

LFS 1 PAGE 5

Remittances within the country..

Remittances from abroad.........

Pension.........................

Rent............................

Interest........................

Dividend........................

None............................

Other (Specify).................

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

Wage employment.....

Working on own or

family business (excl.

Agric).......

Working on own farm,

fishing or animal

keeping.............

Remittances.........

Pension.............

Rent................

Interest............

Dividend............

Other (Specify).....

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Under 60,000............

60,000 to 119,999.......

120,000 to 199,999......

200,000 to 299,999......

300,000 to 499,999......

500,000 to 999,999......

1,000,000 to 1,499,999..

1,500,000 to 1,999,999..

2,000,000 to 2,999,999..

3,000,000 or above......

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10


HOUSEHOLD AMENITIES, SERVICES AND ASSETS

3.

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

B

A B C A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P A B C

01 01

02 02

03 03

04 04

05 05

06 06

07 07

08 08

09 09

10 10

11 11

12 12

1. 4.

LFS 1 PAGE 6

Cooking

2.

LightingHeatin

g/

Coolin NUMBER OF ROOMS

What is the main material used in building this house? (For roofing,

walls and floor)

Does this household own the following assets?

(MORE THAN ONE ANSWER IS ACCEPTABLE)

THE ASSETS SHOULD BE FUNCTIONAL.

What is the main source

of energy in your

household for cooking,

lighting and

heating/cooling?

How many rooms in your

household are used for sleeping ?

Roof

Grass, leaves,

bamboo.............

Mud and grass......

Concrete/Cement....

Metal sheets (GCI).

Asbestos ..........

Tiles..............

Other (Specify)....

1

2

3

4

5

6

9

Walls Floor

A car...........................

Tricycle........................

Motocycle.......................

A refrigerator..................

An electric or gas cooker.......

A television....................

Charcoal/electric iron..........

A cellular phone................

A radio.........................

A bicycle.......................

A Plough........................

A Cart..........................

A Charcoal stove/Kerosene.......

Livestock.......................

Power tiller....................

Other (Specify).................

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Stones...........

Cement bricks....

Sun dried bricks.

Baked bricks.....

Poles and mud....

Timber...........

Grass............

Other (Specify)..

Earth.............

Concrete/cement...

Tiles..

Other (Specify)...

Electricity..........

...............

Gas

(Industrial).........

...........

Gas

(Biogas).............

...........

Firewood.............

...............

Coal.................

...............

Candles..............

0

1

0

2

0

3

0

4

0

5

0

6

Yes=

1

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1

2

3


HOUSEHOLD AMENITIES, SERVICES AND ASSETS - CON'T

5B. 6. 7.

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

IF THE ANSWER IS CODE 1-6 (►6)

i ii i ii A B C D E

01 01

02 02

03 03

04 04

05 05

06 06

07 07

08 08

09 09

10 10

11 11

12 12

IDENTIFICATION

5A.

Drinking Water Other uses

Primary

school

Secondary

school

What is the main source of water in your household for drinking

and other uses ?

How far is the household

from the main source of

water ?

LFS 1 PAGE 7

Clinic/

hospital

What type of toilet does your

household have?

Drinking

Water

ii)Other

uses

Shop where

basic food

can be

bought

Market

Are there social facilities which can be reached by

walking within 30 minutes (equivalent to 2 km) from the

household ?Rain catchments tank................................

Private piped (Tap) water in housing unit ..........

Private piped (Tap) water outside housing unit......

Private well (protected)............................

Private well (unprotected)..........................

Vendor (Person selling water) ......................

Piped (Tap) water on private supply.................

Piped (Tap) water on community supply...............

Public well (protected).............................

Public well (unprotected)...........................

Private Public well (protected).....................

Private Public well (unprotected)...................

Spring (protected)..................................

Spring (not protected)..............................

River, Dam, Lake etc................................

Bottled water.......................................

Other (Specify).....................................

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

Less than

½ Km............

½ Km – Less than

1 Km............

1 Km – Less than

2 Km............

2 Km or more....

1

2

3

4

Yes...................................

No....................................

Don't Know............................

Not available.........................

1

2

3

4

No toilet/bush............

Flush toilet..............

Pit latrine

(traditional).............

Improved pit latrine......

Other (specify)...........

1

2

3

4

5




SECTION A. USUAL ACTIVITY (LAST 12 MONTHS) IDENTIFICATION

5A. 5B. 6A. 6B

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

What was the main reason for not

doing economic activity and not being

available for work during that period?

INT: DID THE

PERSON

NOT WORK

AT ALL IN

ALL

TWELVE

MONTHS

(Q4A BOXES

A, B, OR D

FOR ALL

MONTHS)

While working what was the economic activity in which

you spent most of your time?

What type of work/activity were

you doing at your first

employment? I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

01 01

02 02

03 03

04 04

05 05

06 06

07 07

08 08

09 09

10 10

11 11

12 12

TASCO CODE

LFS 2 PAGE 3

OFFICIAL

YES..1 ( 7)

NO...2

Paid Employee

Central Government.....................

Local Governement......................

Parastatal Organization................

Political Party........................

Cooperative............................

NGO....................................

International Organization.............

Religious Organization.................

Private Sector........................

Private apprentices

Public Sector.........................

Private Sector........................

Self Employed (other than agriculture):

Self employed in a business with

employees................................

Self employed in a business without

employees................................

Working on your own/family farm..........

Unpaid work in family business (Agric)...

Uppaid work in family business

(Non Agriculture)........................

Other Private (Specify)..................

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12( 7)

13( 7)

14( 7)

15( 7)

16( 7

96( 7)

Attending School ............

Engaged Household Duties:

Lack of capital .............

Unable to hire paid helper...

To take care of those who

need assistance/Household

chores including fetching

water and collection

firewood for home use........

Retired......................

Unable to work:

Too Old .....................

Too young ...................

Sick ........................

Disabled ....................

Do not want to work/

resting/income recipient.....

Other (Specify).............

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

96


IDENTIFICATION

6C. 6D. 6E

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

What type of product/service which is mainly

produced/rendered by your

company/business/activities?

What type of work did you do

in your first time?

INT: WRITE THE

OCCUPATION FULLY IN AT

LEAST 2 WORDS

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

DESCRIPTION

i ii

01 01

02 02

03 03

04 04

05 05

06 06

07 07

08 08

09 09

10 10

11 11

12 12

CODE

OFFICIAL

ISIC

TASCO

In which year did you start

working in economic

activities for wage job or

self-employment to

support your life for the

first time?

INT: WRITE YEAR "9998"

FOR DON'T KNOW

WAGE JOB

SELF

EMPLOYMENT

LFS 2 PAGE 4


SECTION B. CURRENT ACTIVITY (LAST FULL WEEK) MONDAY - SUNDAYIDENTIFICATION

7. 8A. 8B. 8C. 9. 10.

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

Although you did not do any work during the last week, did you have a

job or own farm or enterprise at which you did not work last week and

to which you will definitely return to work? INT: EXAMPLES OF

TEMPORARY ABSENCE

• WAGE JOBS – LEAVE, STOOD DOWN UP TO THREE MONTHS

AND WILL DEFINITELY RETURN, 6 MONTH FOR ILLNESS AND

FOR THE WHOLE STUDYING PERIOD

• BUSINESS/AGRIC. – TEMPORARY ABSENCES UP TO ONE

MONTH WHILE BUSINESS/ AGRIC. CONTINUES DURING

ABSENCE.

• UNPAID WORKERS AND CASUAL WORKERS SHOULD NOT BE

INCLUDED UNDER TEMPORARY ABSENT

What was the main reason for being

absent from work last week?

Is this your main

work/activity?

Were you available

for work last week?

Why were you not available for work last

week? (main reason)I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

01 01

02 02

03 03

04 04

05 05

06 06

07 07

08 08

09 09

10 10

11 11

12 12

Did you do any

work of any

type for pay,

profit, barter or

home use

during the last

week even for

one hour?

INT: REMIND THE RESPONDENT THE LIST OF WORK ACTIVITIES ON PAGE 1. CHECK THROUGH COMPLETE LIST ON PAGE 1 AGAIN WITH RESPONDENT

LFS 2 PAGE 5

YES..1 ( 8C)

NO...2

YES..1

NO...2 (►9)

Vacation, holidays .........

Illness, injury,

temporary disability .......

Maternity, paternity leave..

Temporary slack work for

technical or economic reasons

....................

Bad Weather ................

Strike or labour dispute ...

Off Season (self-employed)..

Off Season (wage employment)

Education or training ......

Family/community

responsibilities ...........

Other (Specify) ............

FOR ANY ANSWER ►18A

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

96

YES..1 ( 18A)

NO...2 [RECORD MAIN ACTIVITY IN Q18A AND CURRENT ACTIVITY AS SECONDARY ACTIVITY IN Q36A,]

YES..1 (►11)

NO...2

Attending School ............

Engaged Household Duties:

Lack of capital .............

Bereaved/attending funteral..

Unable to hire paid helper...

To take care of those who

need assistance/Household

chores including fetching

water and collection

firewood for home use........

Stopped by spouse............

Retired......................

Retrechment/laid off ........

Unable to work:

Too Old .....................

Too young ...................

Sick ........................

Disabled ....................

Do not want to work/

resting/income recipient.....


END OF INTERVIEW FOR THIS PERSON

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

96

CHECK Q9

CHECK Q9

CHECK Q9


SECTION C. UNEMPLOYMENTIDENTIFICATION

11. 12. 13. 14. 15A. 15B.

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

For what type of

work were you

available during

the last week?

INT: READ THE

OPTIONS

Have you

taken any

steps during

the past four

weeks to look

for work?

Why didn't you look for work during the

past four weeks? (WRITE MOST

IMPORTANT ONLY)

Have you ever

worked or

having any

economic

activity?

What type of work did you do

in your last job?

INT: WRITE THE

OCCUPATION FULLY IN AT

LEAST 2 WORDS

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

DESCRIPTION

A B C D E F G H

01 01

02 02

03 03

04 04

05 05

06 06

07 07

08 08

09 09

10 10

11 11

12 12

What did you do during the past four weeks to

look for work?

(MULTIPLE ANSWER IS ALLOWED)

WRITE CODE "1" FOR THE GIVEN

ANSWER IN A SPECIFIC AREA

OFFICIAL

TASCO

CODES

LFS 2 PAGE 6

Full Time ..

Part Time ..

1

2

YES..1

NO...2 (►14)

YES..1

NO...2 (►16)

Applied to prospective employers.

Checked at farms, factories or

work sites.......................

Seeking assistance of friends,

relatives, unions, etc...........

Took action to start business

(usual small scale)..............

Took action to start agriculture.

Registration at Tanzania

Employment Service Agency (TaESA).

Registration at other employement

agencies.........................

Other............................

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

►15A

Thought no work available.......

Awaiting reply for earlier

enquires.........................

Waiting to start arranged job,

business or agriculture..........

Off season in agriculture........

Occupied with home duties........

Temporary illness (Check Q8A).....

Full time student (Check Q9).....

Other (Specify)..................

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

9


SECTION C. UNEMPLOYMENT CONT'DIDENTIFICATION

15C. 16. 17A. 17B. 17C.

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

Why did you stop working in

your last job?

What sort of work do you think

you could do now?

For how long have you been

available for work?

What was the main reason for failing

to secure work during this period?I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

A B C D E F G H

01 01

02 02

03 03

04 04

05 05

06 06

07 07

08 08

09 09

10 10

11 11

12 12

How do you support yourself during this period

of unemployment? (MULTIPLE

ANSWER IS ALLOWED)

LFS 2 PAGE 7

Retrenchment/

laid off/End of

contract........

Retired.........

Low pay.........

Business closed.

Technology

change..........

Too many hours

and low pay .....

Restricted by

Spouse...........

Other

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Less than 3 months.....

More than 3 months

but less than 6

months.................

6 months but less than 1

year.................

1 year or above........

1

2

3

4

Stiff competition .......

lack of experience or

qualifications...........

lack of jobs matching

my skills................

Not having enough

education for

available jobs...........

Favoritism/corruption....

Lack of information

about available jobs.....

No jobs were available...

Failed to secure start up

capital or working tools.

Failed to secure work

place....................

Other (Specify)..........

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

96

Paid Employment

- Wage Job......

Self employment

- Business (all

types)..........

Self employment

- Agriculture

including

Livestock and

Fishing.........

1

2

3

Receives a pension form

work...........................

Support from parents/spouse,

guardians.......................

Support from family, friends,-

Within the

country.........................

Support from family, friends -

Outside the

country........................

Income from own property........

Annuitant......................

Savings.........................

Other (Specify).......... ......

END OF INTERVIEW FOR THIS PERSON

FOR LFS 2

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

WRITE CODE "1" FOR THE GIVEN ANSWER IN A SPECIFIC AREA


SECTION D. MAIN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IDENTIFICATION

INT: EXPLAIN TO RESPONDENT THAT, THE FOLLOWING SET OF QUESTIONS REFER TO THE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ON WHICH YOU SPEND MOST OF YOUR TIME IF YOU HAVE MORE THAN ONE ACTIVITY.

18A. 18B. 18C. 18D. 19A. 19B.

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

What type of work/activity?

INT: DESCRIBE ACTIVITY FULLY IN

AT LEAST 2 WORDS

Do you have skills that enable

you to perform your tasks?

INT:READ THE OPTIONS

What is the type of your work

contract?

What is the

form of your

work contract?

How would you

rate your chance to

hold this job next

month?

Have you ever been

injured at your

workplace or suffered

from a work-related

illness of your current

job for the past 12

months?

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

01 01

02 02

03 03

04 04

05 05

06 06

07 07

08 08

09 09

10 10

11 11

12 12

TASCO

LFS 2 PAGE 8

OFFICIAL

CODE

Yes you can perform

independently...........

Yes,you can perform with

assistance and you are on

training.............

Yes, you can perform with

assistance but you are not

on training.............

No, you are on

training................

No, you are not on

training................

1

2

3

4

5

Permanent contract...

Temporary Contract:

Specific task

contract.............

Fixed time contract..

Casual...............

Not Applicable.......

1

2

3

4

5( 19A)

Written..

Oral.....

1

2

Absolute

Certainty...

High........

Low.........

No Chance...

1

2

3

4

Yes, injured at

work place.......

Yes, work-related

illness..........

Yes, both injured

and illness......

No...............

1

2

3

4


SECTION D. MAIN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY - CON'T IDENTIFICATION

20. 21A. 21B. 21C. 21D. 22A.

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

Are you working as:

(READ THE OPTIONS)

Are you a

member of any

trade union?

Are you

benefiting from

maternity/patern

ity leave?

Does your

employer/you

deduct income

tax from your

salary?

Does your

employer/you

pay

contributions to

social security?


produced/rendered by your

company/business/activities?I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

01 01

02 02

03 03

04 04

05 05

06 06

07 07

08 08

09 09

10 10

11 11

12 12

ISIC

LFS 2 PAGE 9

OFFICIAL

CODE

A paid employee..............

A self Employed (non-agric):

with employees.........

without employees......


(non-agriculture)............

Unpaid family helper (agric):

fishing................

crop growing...........

livestock/animals......

On your own farm or shamba:

fishing................



01

02( 21C)

03( 21C)

04( 22A)

05( 22A)

06( 22A)

07( 22A)

08( 21D)

09( 21D)

10( 21D)

YES..1

NO...2

YES..1

NO...2

YES...1

NO....2

DON'T

KNOW..3

YES...1

NO....2

DON'T

KNOW..3

INT: EXCLUDEBUSINESS TAX


SECTION D. MAIN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY - CON'T

22B. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

Products / services

produced/rendered from

the place of work....

(READ THE OPTIONS)

Who is the owner of this enterprise: Is this

business/establishment:

(INT: READ THE

OPTIONS)

How many paid

employees (including

yourself) are working

in your business/this

enterprise on

continuous basis?

In order to be able to

monitor the activities of the

Enterprise, do you/does

your employer keep any

written records or accounts?

Do the accounts show

all of the following

Balance sheets of

assets and liabilities,

Investment/ withdraw

of capital by the

Business Owner(s),

withdrawals of income

by the Business

Owner(s), earnings

Retained within the

Business as saving?

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

01 01

02 02

03 03

04 04

05 05

06 06

07 07

08 08

09 09

10 10

11 11

12 12

IDENTIFICATION

LFS 2 PAGE 10

YES...1( 35A)

NO....2

DON'T

KNOW..3

Don't Know.......

No................

Yes, Order

Book/record.......

Yes, Sales

book/record.......

Yes,

Accountancy

book..............

Yes, Final accounts

for Business

year.........

1( 35A)

2( 28A)

3

4

5

6

Only for sale/

barter/ paid

employment.....

Mainly for sale,

but partly for

own

consumption....

Mainly for own

consumption but

partly for sale

or barter......

Only for own

consumption....

1

2

3

4

Central Government.....................

Local Governement......................

Parastatal Organization................

Political Party........................

Partnership - Registered...............

Non-Governmental Organization..........

Religious Organization.................

Cooperative - Registered...............

International/Regional Organization.....

Private own account/family agriculture).

Private Sector employed(agriculture)....

Household - Fetching water/collecting

firewood................................

Household - Other economic

activities.............................

Cooperative - Unregistered.............

Private own account (Non-agriculture)...

Private sector employed

(Non-agriculture)......................

partnership Un-registered..............

Other Private (Specify)................

01 ( 35A)

02 ( 35A)

03 ( 35A)

04 ( 35A)

05 ( 35A)

06 ( 35A)

07 ( 35A)

08 ( 35A)

09 ( 35A)

10 ( 35A)

11 ( 35A)

12

13

14

15

16

17

96

Registered

Only...........

Business

Licensed only..

Registered and

business

licensed.......

Neither

registered nor

licensed.......

Don't Know.....

1

2

3( 35A)

4

5

Less than 5

(employees)

5 and above

(employees)

Don't

know.......

1

2( 35A

3


SECTION E. INFORMAL SECTOR - MAIN ACTIVITY IDENTIFICATION

28A. 29. 30. 31.

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

Are you the

primary

owner of this

business?

Where do you conduct your present business/activity? Did this

business/activity

operate all year

around?

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

01 01

02 02

03 03

04 04

05 05

06 06

07 07

08 08

09 09

10 10

11 11

12 12

Why do you conduct this kind of business/activity?


28B.

When was the

business/activity

started?

WRITE MONTH &

YEAR (98 9998

FOR DON’T

KNOW)

MONTH YEAR

LFS 2 PAGE 11

Can't find other work.....................................

Released from other employment or reduction

of working time...........................................

Retirement from other employment..........................

Family needs additional income............................

Business/activity provides good

income opportunities......................................

Business/activity does not

require much capital......................................

Can keep production cost low..............................

Wants to be independent from his/her own master...........

Can choose his/her own hours and place of work............

Can combine business/activities with

household or family responsibilities......................

Bureaucracy in formalizing business/activity..............

Traditional line of business/

activities of respondent or family/tribe..................

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

Within own or business/activity

partner's home - with special

business/activity space..................


partner's home - without special


Structure attached to/outside

own or business partner's house..........

Permanent building other than house......

Fixed stall/kiosk - market...............

Vehicle, cart, temporary stall - market..

Fixed stall/kiosk - street...............

Vehicle, cart, temporary - street........

Other temporary structure................

Construction site........................

Customer's/employer's house..............

No fixed location/mobile.................

Farm/fishing area/ grazing area..........

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13YES..1 ( 33)

NO...2

YES..1

NO...2( 35A)

WRITE CODE "1" FOR A GIVEN ANSWER IN A SPECIFIC AREA


E: INFORMAL SECTOR – MAIN ACTIVITY- CONT'D IDENTIFICATION

32. 33. 34.

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

During the last 12 months, have you

received any loan or obtained any

credit for business/activity purposes

from any source?

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

A B C D E F G H I J K L M A B C D E F G H I J K

01 01

02 02

03 03

04 04

05 05

06 06

07 07

08 08

09 09

10 10

11 11

12 12

LFS 2 PAGE 12

Who gave you the loan/credit?


Why did the business/activity not operate all the year around?

Business/activity established during the last 12 months...

Too much competition......................................

Lack of customers or order................................

Lack of raw materials or supplies.........................

Lack of workers...........................................

Break down of vehicles, machinery or equipment............

No power..................................................

Seasonal nature of activity (e.g.building funds)..........

Temporary operation to meet special

objectives/expenses/

Casual activity...........................................

Owner was engaged in other work(e.g. agriculture)....

Owner was busy with household or family duties.......

Personal reasons (e.g. Sick)..............................

Other (Specify)...........................................

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

YES..1

NO...2 ( 35A)

Relative or friend.................................

Rotating savings & credit group (UPATU)............

Savings & credit co - operatives (SACCOS/VICOBA)...

Cooperative........................................

Business association, NGO, donor project etc.......

Private money lender...............................

Customer, contractor, middle person/agent,

supplier...........................................

Governement institution............................

Bank or finanical insititution.....................

Social security scheme.............................

Other Source (Specify).............................

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K



WRITE CODE "1" FOR A GIVENANSWER IN A SPECIFIC AREA


SECTION F. OTHER ECONOMIC ACTIVITYIDENTIFICATION

THE FOLLOWING SET OF QUESTIONS REFER TO THE SECONDARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IF YOU HAVE MORE THAN ONE ACTIVITY

35A. 35B. 36A. 36B. 36C. 36D. 37A. 37B.

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

Did you do any

other work of any

type for pay,

profit, barter or

home use during

the last week

even for one

hour?

Although you did

not do any work

during the last

week, did you

have a job or

own farm or

enterprise at

which you did

not work last

week and to

which you will

definitely return

to work?

What type of work/activity?

INT: DESCRIBE ACTIVITY

FULLY IN AT LEAST 2

WORDS

Do you have skills that

enable you to perform your

tasks?

INT: READ THE OPTIONS

What is the type of your

work contract?

What is the

form of

your work

contract?

How would you

rate your

chance to hold

this job next

month?

Have you ever been

injured at your

workplace or suffered

from a work-related

illness of your current

job for the past 12

months?

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

01 01

02 02

03 03

04 04

05 05

06 06

07 07

08 08

09 09

10 10

11 11

12 12

OFFICIAL

TASCO

CODES

LFS 2 PAGE 13

YES..1

NO...2( Q53A)

YES..1( 36A)

NO...2

Yes, can perform

independently...........

Yes, can perform with

assistance and I am on

training................

Yes, can perform with

assistance but I am not on

training.............

No, I am on training....

No, I am not on

training................

1

2

3

4

5

Permanent

contract.........

Temporary Contract:

Specific task

contract.........

Fixed time

contract.........

Casual...........

1

2

3

4

5( 37A)Written.

Oral...

1

2

Absolute

Certainty..

High.......

Low........

No Chance..

1

2

3

4

Yes, injured at

work place.......

Yes, work-related

illness..........

Yes, both injured

and illness......

No...............

1

2

3

4


SECTION F. OTHER ECONOMIC ACTIVITY CONT' IDENTIFICATION

38. 39A. 39B. 39C. 39D. 40A.

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

Are you working as Are you a

member of

any trade

union?

Are you

benefiting

from

maternity/pate

rnity leave?

Does your

employer/you

deduct income

tax from your

salary?

Does your

employer/ you

pay

contributions

to social

security?


produced/rendered by your company/business/activities?I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

01 01

02 02

03 03

04 04

05 05

06 06

07 07

08 08

09 09

10 10

11 11

12 12

OFFICIAL

CODE

ISIC

LFS 2 PAGE 14

A paid employee..............

A self Employed (non-agric):

with employees.........

without employees......


(non-agriculture)............

Unpaid family helper (agric):

fishing................



On your own farm or shamba:

fishing................



01

02( 39C)

03( 39C)

04( 40A)

05( 40A)

06( 40A)

07( 40A)

08( 39D)

09( 39D)

10( 39D)

YES..1

NO...2

YES..1

NO...2

YES...1

NO....2

DON'T

KNOW..3

YES...1

NO....2

DON'T

KNOW..3

INT: EXCLUDEBUSINESS TAX


IDENTIFICATION

40B. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45.

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

The products/service

produced/rendered from

the workplace were;

(READ THE OPTIONS)

Is this enterprise:- Is this

business/establishment:

(INT: READ THE

OPTIONS)

How many paid

employees (including

yourself) are working in

your business/this

enterprise on continuous

basis?

In order to be able to

monitor the activities of

the Enterprise, do

you/does your employer

keep any written records

or accounts?

Do the accounts show

all of the following

Balance sheets of

assets and liabilities,

Investment/ withdraw

of capital by the

Business Owner(s),

withdrawals of income

by the Business

Owner(s), earnings

Retained within the

Business as saving?

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

01 01

02 02

03 03

04 04

05 05

06 06

07 07

08 08

09 09

10 10

11 11

12 12

LFS 2 PAGE 15

YES...1( 53A)

NO....2

DON'T

KNOW..3

Registered

Only...........

Business

Licensed only..

Registered and

business

licensed.......

Neither

registered nor

licensed.......

Don't Know.....

1

2

3 ( 53A)

4

5

Don't Know...

No...........

Yes, Order

Book/record..

Yes, Sales

book/record..

Yes,

Accountancy

book.........

Yes, Final

accounts for

Business

year.........

1( 53A)

2( 46A)

3

4

5

6

Less than 5

(employees).

5 and above

(employees).

Don't

know.......

1

2( 53A)

3

Central Government.......................

Local Governement........................

Parastatal Organization..................

Political Party..........................

Partnership - Registered.................

Non-Governmental Organization............

Religious Organization...................

Cooperative - Registered.................

International/Regional Organization......

Private own account/family (agriculture).

Private Sector employed (agriculture)....

Household - Fetching water/collecting

firewood.................................

Household - Other economic activities....

Cooperative - Unregistered...............

Private own account (Non-agriculture)....

Private sector employed

(Non-agriculture)........................

partnership Un-registered................

Other Private (Specify)..................

01 ( 53A)

02 ( 53A)

03 ( 53A)

04 ( 53A)

05 ( 53A)

06 ( 53A)

07 ( 53A)

08 ( 53A)

09 ( 53A)

10( 53A)

11( 53A)

12

13

14

15

16

17

96

Only for sale/

barter/ paid

employment.....

Mainly for sale,

but partly for

own

consumption....

Mainly for own

consumption but

partly for sale

or barter......

Only for own

consumption....

1

2

3

4


SECTION G. INFORMAL SECTOR - OTHER ACTIVITY IDENTIFICATION

45A. 47 48. 49.

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

Are you the

primary

owner of this

business?

Where do you conduct your present business/activity? Did this

business/activity

operate all year

around?

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

A B C D E F G H I J K L M

01 01

02 02

03 03

04 04

05 05

06 06

07 07

08 08

09 09

10 10

11 11

12 12

Why do you conduct this kind of business/activity?


46B.

When was the

business/activity

started?

WRITE MONTH &

YEAR (98 9998

FOR DON’T

KNOW)

MONTH YEAR

LFS 2 PAGE 16

Can't find other work.....................................

Released from other employment or reduction

of working time...........................................

Retirement from other employment..........................

Family needs additional income............................

Business/activity provides good

income opportunities......................................

Business/activity does not

require much capital......................................

Can keep production cost low..............................

Wants to be independent from his/her own master...........

Can choose his/her own hours and place of work............

Can combine business/activities with

household or family responsibilities......................

Bureaucracy in formalizing business/activity..............

Traditional line of business/

activities of respondent or family/tribe..................

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M


partner's home - with special



partner's home - without special


Structure attached to/outside

own or business partner's house..........

Permanent building other than house......

Fixed stall/kiosk - market...............

Vehicle, cart, temporary stall - market..

Fixed stall/kiosk - street...............

Vehicle, cart, temporary - street........

Other temporary structure................

Construction site........................

Customer's/employer's house..............

No fixed location/mobile.................

Farm/fishing area/ grazing area..........

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13YES..1 ( 51)

NO...2

YES..1

NO...2( 53A)



IDENTIFICATION

50 51. 52.

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

During the last 12 months, have you

received any loan or obtained any

credit for business/activity purposes

from any source?

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

A B C D E F G H I J K L M A B C D E F G H I J K

01 01

02 02

03 03

04 04

05 05

06 06

07 07

08 08

09 09

10 10

11 11

12 12

LFS 2 PAGE 17

Why did the business/activity not operate all the year around? Who gave you the loan/credit?

Business/activity established during the last 12 months...

Too much competition......................................

Lack of customers or order................................

Lack of raw materials or supplies.........................

Lack of workers...........................................

Break down of vehicles, machinery or equipment............

No power..................................................

Seasonal nature of activity (e.g.building funds)..........

Temporary operation to meet special

objectives/expenses/

Casual activity...........................................

Owner was engaged in other work(e.g. agriculture)....

Owner was busy with household or family duties.......

Personal reasons (e.g. Sick)..............................

Other (Specify)...........................................

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M YES..1

NO...2 ( 53A)

Relative or friend.................................

Rotating savings & credit group (UPATU)............

Savings & credit co - operatives (SACCOS/VICOBA)...

Cooperative........................................

Business association, NGO, donor project etc.......

Private money lender...............................

Customer, contractor, middle person/agent,

supplier...........................................

Governement institution............................

Bank or finanical insititution.....................

Social security scheme.............................

Other Source (Specify).............................

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K


WRITE CODE "1" FOR EACH ANSWER IN A SPECIFIC AREA


WRITE CODE "1" FOR EACH ANSWER IN A SPECIFIC AREA


SECTION H. HOURS WORKED

53A. 53B.

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

INT: WHAT IS THE

TOTAL HOURS

WORKED FOR

[NAME] IN THE LAST

WEEK. (ADD TOTAL

MAIN ACTIVITY AND

TOTAL OTHER

ACTIVITY).

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

01 01

02 02

03 03

04 04

05 05

06 06

07 07

08 08

09 09

10 10

11 11

12 12

IDENTIFICATION

MON

How many hours did you work each day during the last week, in your Main and any other economic activity?

INT: * PROBE HOURS WORKED IN EACH DAY FOR LAST WEEK (MONDAY TO SUNDAY)

* "00" HOURS IS ACCEPTABLE FOR PERSONS WITH A JOB/BUSINESS BUT NOT AT WORK.

MAIN ACTIVITY OTHER ACTIVITY

MON SATTUES WED THUR FRI SAT SUN SUNTOTAL

LFS 2 PAGE 18

TOTALTUES WED THUR FRI


SECTION H: HOURS WORKED CON'T IDENTIFICATION

54A. 54B. 54C. 55. 56. 57.

INT: IS Q53B GRAND

TOTAL

What was the main reason

you worked more than 40

hours during the last week?

What was the main reason you worked less than

40 hours during the last week?

Were you

available for

more hours of

work during the

last week?

In which type of job were you

available for more hours of work?

Are your

benefits/earnings

from this work

appropriate in terms

of hours worked

under normal

circumstances?

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

57

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

LFS 2 PAGE 19

Less than 40

hours.........

40 hours......

More than 40

hours.........

1( 54C)

2( 57)

3

Schedule set by

employer.............

Overwork due to the

strong economy.......

Overwork in order to

survive/to gain more

money................

Business/ agriculture

season...............

Other (Specify)......

1

2

3

4

5

Illness or aged...................

Disability........................

In school or training.............

Leave, holiday icl. family

obligations (funerals, sick/

child etc.).......................

Did not want to work more hours...

Housework duties..................

Cannot find more work in a job,

agriculture or for a business.....

No suitable agriculture land or

slack period in agriculture.......

Lack of raw materials equipment

and finance.......................

Machinery/electrical breakdown/

other technical problems..........

Stood down by employer............

Off seasaon.......................

Other (Specify)...................

01 ( 57)

02 ( 57)

03 ( 57)

04 ( 57)

05 ( 57)

06 ( 57)

07

08

09

10

11

12

96

YES..1

NO...2 ( 57)

Current job..............

Paid employment

- Wage Job...............

Self Employment

- Small scale business

(any type)..............

Self employment -

Agriculture including

livestock and fishing....

1

2

3

4

YES..1

NO...2


SECTION H: HOURS WORKED CON'T IDENTIFICATION

USUAL WORKING HOURS

58. 59A. 59B. 59C. 60.

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

INT: IS Q58 GRAD TOTAL; Why do you usually work more

than 40 hours per week? (INT:

WRITE THE CODE OF MAIN

REASON ONLY)

Why do you usually work less than 40 hours per

week?

(INT: WRITE THE CODE OF MAIN REASON

ONLY)

Are you usually available to work

for more hours?I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

A B C

01 01

02 02

03 03

04 04

05 05

06 06

07 07

08 08

09 09

10 10

11 11

12 12

How many hours per week do you

usually work in;

MAIN

ACTIVITY

OTHER

ACTIVITIES TOTAL

LFS 2 PAGE 20

Less than 40

hours.........

40 hours......

More than 40

hours.........

1( 59C)

2( 61A)

3

Schedule set by

employer.............

Overwork due to the

strong economy.......

Overwork in order to

survive/to gain more

money................

Business/ agriculture

season...............

Other (Specify)......

FOR ANY ANSWER►61A

1

2

3

4

5

Illness or aged...................

Disability........................

In school or training.............

Did not want to work more hours...

Housework duties..................

Cannot find more work in a job,

agriculture or for a business.....

No suitable agriculture land or

slack period in agriculture.......

Lack of raw materials, equipment

and finance.......................

Other (Specify)...................

1( 61A)

2( 61A)

3 61A)

4(►61A)5

6

7

8

9

YES..1

NO...2


SECTION I: INCOME

INT: YOU MUST REFER BACK TO Q.20 AND Q.38 FOR THESE QUESTIONS

61A. 61B. 62A. 62B. 62C. 62D. 62E. 63A. 63B. 63C. 63D.

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

INT: WAS

THIS

PERSON A

PAID

EMPLOYEE

IN MAIN OR

SECONDARY

ACTIVITY

DURING THE

LAST WEEK?

INT: WAS

THIS

PERSON

SELF

EMPLOY

ED (NOT

AGRICUL

TURE)

DURING

THE

LAST

WEEK?

INT: IS

THIS

PERSON

SELF

EMPLOYE

D IN AGRI-

CULTURE?

What were

the total

expenses

associated

with the

earned

income?

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

CASH IN-KIND TSH PERIOD TSH PERIOD TSH PERIOD MONTHS TSH. PERIOD TSH PERIOD

i ii i ii i ii i ii i ii i ii

01 01

02 02

03 03

04 04

05 05

06 06

07 07

08 08

09 09

10 10

11 11

12 12

WHAT WAS YOUR

GROSS CASH INCOME

FROM YOUR PAID

EMPLOYMENT DURING

THE LAST MONTH?

TSH

What gross

income/earning did

you get from your

business or

businesses during

the last

week/month?

What were the

total expenses

associated with

the earned

income?

INT: THE

REMAINING

INCOME FORM

THE

BUSINESS/ACTIVI

TIES AFTER

DEDUCTING ALL

EXPENSES

DURING THE

LAST

WEEK/MONTH IS

THUS;

i.e. Q.62b – Q.62c

How many

months did

this

business/ente

rprise operate

during the

last 12

months?

INT: CHECK

Q.31 OR

Q.49TO

COMPARE

THE

BUSSINESS/E

NTERPRISE

PERIODEND OF INTERVIEW

FOR THIS PERSON

FOR LFS 2

IDENTIFICATION

LFS 2 PAGE 21

What gross

income/earning

did you get from

your agricultural

work during the

last week/month?

What was you net

income form your

agricultural work

during the last

week/month?

YES..1

NO...2 (►62A)YES..1

NO...2

(►63A)

YES..1

NO...2(END)

PERIOD:

WEEK....1

MONTH...2

PERIOD:

WEEK....1

MONTH...2

PERIOD:

WEEK....1

MONTH...2

PERIOD:

WEEK....1

MONTH...2

PERIOD:

WEEK....1

MONTH...2

PERIOD:

WEEK....1

MONTH...2

I.E.Q.63B– Q.63C


CHILDREN AGED 5 TO 17 YEARS

SECTION I: NON-ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF CHILDREN 5-17 YEARS DURING THE LAST WEEK (ASK ALL CHILDREN)

1. 2. 3A.

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

INT: IS [NAME]

5 TO 17 YEARS

OLD?

INT: DID THIS

CHILD WORK

FOR

HOUSEHOLD

DUTIES OR

ECONOMIC

ACTIVITIES? (IF

HE/SHE

ANSWERED YES

LFS2 Q.1 OR Q.7

OR Q.8(a) OR

WCS Q.1)

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

a b c d e f g a b c d e f g

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 8

9 9

10 10

11 11

12 12

IDENTIFICATION

TOTALWED THUR FRI

Other

household

tasks

SATMON TUE

During the last week did you do any of the tasks indicated below for this

household?

SUN

How many hours have you been working per day?

Washing

clothes

Caring for

children/

old/sick

Shopping

for

household

Repairing

and

household

equipment

Cooking Cleaning

utensils/

house

WCS PAGE 1

YES..1

NO...2 (END)

YES..1

NO...2

YES..1 NO...2( END)

IF "NO" TO ALL TASKS, GO TO Q.3A

INT: WRITE TIME

IN MINUTES


3B. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9A 9B.

Are you currently

attending school or

training institution?

If attending

school or

training

institution on a

full-time or part-

time, but also

working, does

your work affect

your regular

school/training

attendance or

studies?

Were you

attending

school while

engaged in

economic

activities

during the

last 12

months?

Have you ever

been hurt at

work/work place

or suffered from

illnesses/injuries

due to work at

any time?

How often were you

hurt or suffered from

illness/injuries?

Referring to the most

serious injury/illness,

how serious was the

injury/illness

consequences on your

work perfomance?

Referring to the most

serious injury/illness,

how serious was the

injury/illness

consequences on

sschool attendence?

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

a b c

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

NIGHT

08:00pm -

05:59am

NUMBER OF HOURS

During which time and how many hours do

you usually work?

(FILL APPROPRIATE ANSWER)

(INT: ASK THIS QUESTION TO ALL

CHILDREN WHO HAVE INDICATED TO

BE ENGAGED IN ECONOMIC

ACTIVITY/ACTIVITIES DURING THE LAST

WEEK i.e. Q.18a OR Q. 36a FROM LFS 2)

CHILDREN WHO DID ECONEMIC ACTIVITIES

LAST WEEK (WH0 HAVE ANSWERED LFS2 Q. 20

CODE 1 OR Q.38 CODE 1 FROM LFS 2)

DAY

06:00am -

03:59pm

EVENING

04:00pm -

07:59pm

SECTION II: SCHOOL

ATTENDANCE AND HOURS OF

WORK

CHILDREN

WHO

ANSWERED

Qn6A LFS2

SECTION IV: HEALTH AND SAFETY ASPECTS OF CHILDREN AGED 5-17 YEARS (APPLICABLE TO ALL

CHILDREN WHO WORKED IN ECONOMIC AND NON-ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES DURING THE LAST 12

MONTHS/ LAST WEEK/ WHO HAVE ANSWERED CODE 1 IN LFS 2 Q.1 OR Q. 7 or Q. 8 (a) OR WCS Q.1)

WCS PAGE 2

YES..1

NO...2

Yes,

Full-time..

Yes,

Part-time.

No.........

1

2

3( Q5)

YES..1

NO...2

YES..1 NO...2( 13)

Often/

frequently...

Occasionally..

Seldom/

Rarely........

1

2

3

Permanently

Disabled..........

Prevented from

Work Permanently..

Stopped Work

Temporarily.......

Changed Jobs......

Continued to

Work..............

1

2

3

4

5

Stopped Schooling

Temporarily.......

Prevented from

Schooling

Permanently.......

Not affected......

Not applicable....

1

2

3

4


SECTION IV: HEALTH AND SAFETY ASPECTS - CONTINUE

10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

What was the main activity of

the establishment/ industry in

which you were injured/hurt or

from which you suffered serious

illness?

What was the occupation or job you were

performing when the accident happened or

from which you suffered serious illness?

How often do you

carry heavy loads in

your daily activities?

Are you required to

operate any tools,

equipments,

machines, etc. at

your workplace or

on your job/

occupation?

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

A B C D E F

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 8

9 9

10 10

11 11

12 12

CODE

FOR

OFFICIAL

USE ONLY

TASCO

Who paid for medical treatment?

CODE

FOR

OFFICIAL

USE ONLY

ISIC

WCS PAGE 3

OFFICIAL OFFICIAL

IDENTIFICATION

No Treatment.....

Employer.........

Parents/

Guardians........

Myself...........

Free.............

Other ...........

A

B

C

D

E

F

Always/ Often....

Sometimes........

Seldom / Rarely..

Never............

1

2

3

4

YES..1

NO...2





10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

What was the main activity of

the establishment/ industry in

which you were injured/hurt or

from which you suffered serious

illness?

What was the occupation or job you were

performing when the accident happened or

from which you suffered serious illness?

How often do you

carry heavy loads in

your daily activities?

Are you required to

operate any tools,

equipments,

machines, etc. at

your workplace or

on your job/

occupation?

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

A B C D E F

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 8

9 9

10 10

11 11

12 12

CODE

FOR

OFFICIAL

USE ONLY

TASCO

Who paid for medical treatment?

CODE

FOR

OFFICIAL

USE ONLY

ISIC

WCS PAGE 3

OFFICIAL OFFICIAL

IDENTIFICATION

No Treatment.....

Employer.........

Parents/

Guardians........

Myself...........

Free.............

Other ...........

A

B

C

D

E

F

Always/ Often....

Sometimes........

Seldom / Rarely..

Never............

1

2

3

4

YES..1

NO...2




IDENTIFICATION


15. 16. 17. 18.

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

Do other persons doing the

same work use protective

wear /gear while working?I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

A B C D E F G H I J K A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F G

1 01

2 02

3 03

4 04

5 05

6 06

7 07

8 08

9 09

10 10

11 11

12 12

Do you use any of the following protective wear/gear

while working?

Which of the following protective

wear/gear do they usually use?

Are you often exposed to any of the following?

WCS PAGE 4

Water bodies (sea, lakes, rivers, etc)..

Dusts, fumes, smoke, gases..............

Noise...................................

Extreme tempatures/humidity.............

Dangerous tools/animals.................

Work underground/Pits...................

Work at heights.........................

Insufficient lighting...................

Chemicals...............................

Other ..................................

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

Glasses...........................

Helmet............................

Earplugs..........................

Special Shoes.....................

Gloves............................

Dust Mask.........................

Don't Know........................

Other ............................

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

YES....

NO.....

DON'T

KNOW...

1

2 ( 19)

3 ( 19)

Glasses....................

Helmet.....................

Earplugs...................

Special Shoes..............

Gloves.................Dust Mask..................

Other ......................

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

(INT: READ THE OPTIONS)

YES=1NO=2


YES=1NO=2


YES=1NO=2


IDENTIFICATION

CHILD PERCEPTION

19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

What is the main reason for you to work? If you stop working, what

will happen?

If given a choice, what would you

prefer to do?

At what age

did you start

working for

the first time

(i.e., in

economic or

non-economic

activity)?

(Age in

complete

years)

I

N

D

I

V

I

D

U

A

L

I

D

YEARS

A B C D E F A B C D

01 01

02 02

03 03

04 04

05 05

06 06

07 07

08 08

09 09

10 10

11 11

12 12

What problems do you

perceive to affect you as a

result of work?

What do you do for

fun/hobby, when not

working?

END OF THIS INTERVIEW

WCS PAGE 5

Injuries/ illness

or poor health........

Poor Grades in

School................

Physical Abuse........

Emotional Abuse.......

Sexual Abuse..........

None..................

A

B

C

D

E

F

To supplement household income

where you are living...................

To supplement household income

away from where you are living........

To pay outstanding debt under

contractual arrangement...............

To assist/help in household

enterprise............................

Education/training programme is

not suitable..........................

Education/training institutions

are too far...........................

Good upbringing and imparting of

skills................................

Cannot afford education/training

expenses..............................

Peer pressure.........................

Other, Specify........................

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

96

I will lose income....

I will not be able

to support family/

parents financially...

My parents will lose

someone to assist.....

I will fail to meet

school expenses.......

Nothing will happen...

Other (specify).......

1

2

3

4

5

6

Playing..........

Watching TV......

Studying.........

Other(Specify)...

A

B

C

D

Going to school full-time...

Working for income

full-time...................

Helping full-time in

household enterprise or

business....................

Working full-time in

housheold chores or

housekeeping................

Going to school part-time

and working part-time for

income......................

Part-time in household

enterprise or business......

Part-time in household

chores or housekeeping......

Complete education/ training and

start to work...........

Find a better job/work

than the presentwork........

Continue with current work..


01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

96




WRITE CODE "1" FOR AGIVEN ANSWER IN A SPECIFIC AREA


PERSONAL NO.

1 4 5 7

MONTH Inside....1

Outside...2

1 06:00 am

i

2 ii

iii

3 iv

v

4 07:00 am

i

ii

5a iii

iv

v

5b 08:00 am

i

ii

iii

iv

v

FOR

OFFICIAL

USEPERSONAL

DIARY

Yes.....1

No.......2

DATE YEAR DAYList of Activities from 1 to 5 Activities per time period

Code of dayICATUS

Where were you when you did the activities?

INT: FILL IN COLUMN 6 USING CODE B – LOCATION AND COLUMN 7

USING “1” FOR INSIDE OR “2” FOR OUTSIDE

TUS DIARY PAGE 1

INT: REPEAT QUESTIONS 1 TO 5 FOR EACH CATEGORY OF TIME IN

AN HOUR PERIOD FROM 6:00 AM YESTERDAY TO 6:00AM TODAY

Which means of transport, did you use to reach the place of this

activities?

INT: FILL IN COLUMN 8 USING CODE C –MEANS OF TRANSPORT

Did you get any payment? (e.g. Monthly salary; Food and allowance)

INT: FILL IN COLUMN 5 USING CODE A -PAYMENT

What were you doing yesterday between ……… and …………

INT: FILL IN ACTIVITY IN FIRST LINE FOR TIME PERIOD

What else were you doing during that period?

INT: FILL IN ACTIVITIES ON THE NEXT FOUR LINES FOR THE TIME PERIOD

If more than one activity mentioned: Did you do the activities at the same

time, or one after the other? INT: WRITE CODE 1 IF THE ANSWER IS ‘YES’

AND CODE 2 IF THE ANSWER IS ‘NO’

2 3 6 8

FOR

OFFICIAL

USE

Same

time?

Code ‘A’

Payment

Code “B”

Location

CONFIDENTIAL

IDENTIFICATION Quest. No.……. Of …..

TIME USE

Period/

TimeDescription of activity Place

Code “C“

Means of

Transport


PERSONAL NO.

1 4 5 7

MONTH Inside....1

Outside...2

6 Did you spend any time during the day looking after the children? 09:00 am

iYes: Not mentioned all the time................................................................11 ii

Yes: Already mentioned all the time..........................................................22 iii

No.....................................................................................................................33 iv

v

7 Did you spend any time during the day looking after the sick person?

Yes: Not mentioned all the time................................................................11 10:00 am

Yes: Already mentioned all the time..........................................................22 i

No ....................................................................................................................33 ii

iii

8 Did you spend any time during the day looking after the elderly person? iv

v

Yes: Not mentioned all the time................................................................11

Yes: Already mentioned all the time..........................................................22

No ....................................................................................................................33 11:00 am

i

9 Did you spend any time during the day looking after the disabled person? ii

iii

Yes: Not mentioned all the time................................................................11 iv

Yes: Already mentioned all the time..........................................................22 v

No ....................................................................................................................33

12:00 pm

10 Was yesterday a typical day for you? i

ii

Yes...............................................................................................................1 iii

No, because I was sick.......................................................................... 2 iv

No, because it was School/Holiday.................................................... 3 v

No, because I was on leave from work/day off.................................. 4

No, because there was a funeral, wedding, etc................................ 5 01:00 pm

No, because there was a problem with the weath........................... 6 i

No, because I was looking after another family member................ 7 ii

No, because there was a public holiday............................................. 8 iii

No, because it was a weekend day..................................................... 9 iv

No, other, specify 10 v

(CYCLE THE CORRECT ANSWER)

TUS DIARY PAGE 2

INT

: IF

TH

E A

NS

WE

R I

S C

OD

E 1

IN

Q.6

- Q

.9,

FIL

L T

HE

AC

TIV

ITY

ON

A P

AR

TIC

UL

AR

TIM

E

3 6 8

Yes.....1

No.......2

PERSONAL

DIARY

DATE Code of dayYEAR DAYICATUS

FOR OFFICIAL

USE

Same

time?

Code ‘A’

Payment

Code “B”

LocationPlace

Code “C“

Means of

Transport

FOR

OFFICIAL

USE List of Activities from 1 to 5 Activities per time

period

IDENTIFICATION

Period/

TimeDescription of activity

2


IDENTIFICATION

PERSONAL NO.

1 4 5 7

MONTH Inside....1

Outside..2

11 Which activity during the day did you enjoy the most? 02:00PM

i

Activity Code ii

iii

12 Which activity during the day did you enjoy the least? iv

v

Activity Code

03:00 PM

13 Generally, how did you feel about yesterday’s activities you have just described? i

ii

I was too busy/ I had too many things to do..........................................................................1 iii

I had a comfortable amount of things to do in the day........................................................2 iv

I was not busy enough/ I did not have enough to do...........................................................3 v

I was sick.....................................................................................................................................4

04:00 pm

i

ii

iii

iv

v

05:00 pm

i

ii

iii

iv

v

TUS DIARY PAGE 3

Yes.....1

No.......2

DAYPERSONAL

DIARY

DATE YEAR Code of day ICATUS

Same

time?

Code ‘A’

Payment

Code “B”

LocationPlace

Code “C“

Means of

Transport

2 3 6 8FOR OFFICIAL

USE

List of Activities from 1 to 5 Activities per time

period

Period/ Time Description of activity

FOR

OFFICIAL

USE


IDENTIFICATION

PERSONAL NO.1 4 5 7

MONTH Inside....1

Outside..2

06:00 pm

i

1 No Payment ii

2 Monthly salary only iii

3 Salary and transport allowance. iv

4 Food and allowance (Cash payment) v

5 Cash payment for Services / Sales.

6 Food, accomodation and other needs.

7 Allowance and all needs (Cash payment) 07:00 pm

8 Other, specify _____________________________________ i

9 Not applicable ii

iii

iv

01 Own household v

02 Someone’s household

03 Field farm or other agricultural workplace within private H/Hold.

04 Field farm or other agricultural workplace outside private H/Hold 08:00 pm

05 Other workplace within private household i

06 Other workplace outside private household ii

07 Educational establishment iii

08 Public area i.e. not in a private household workplace or hospital iv

09 The place for fetching water v

10 The area for collecting firewood.

11 Traveling or waiting to travel

12 Other, specify _____________________________________ 09:00 pm

i

ii

1 Traveling on foot iii

2 Traveling by private transport (e.g. car, van, bicycle, motorcycle e.t.c) iv

3 Hiring Transport (e.g. taxi, Pick-up,motocyle, e.t.c) v

6 Traveling by bicycle 10:00 pm

7 Water transport (Boat, Ship e.t.c) i

8 Traveling by animal (e.g. Horse, Cow e.t.c) ii

9 Traveling by other means (specify) iii

10 Not applicable iv

v

TUS DIARY PAGE 4

4

5

CODES FOR PAYMENT, LOCATION AND MEANS OF TRANSPORT

(CODE “A”) PAYMENT

Yes.....1

No.......

2

PERSONAL

DIARY

DATE DAY Code of dayYEAR ICATUS List of Activities from 1 to 5 Activities per time

period

Place

Code “C“

Means of

Transport

2 3 6 8

Period/


FOR

OFFICIAL

USE

Same

time?

Code ‘A’

Payment

Code “B”

Location

FOR

OFFICIAL

(CODE “B”) LOCATION

(CODE “C”) MEANS OF TRANSPORT

Traveling by train

Traveling by bus


PERSONAL NO.

1 4 5 7

MONTHInside....1

Outside..2

11:00 pm

i

ii

iii

iv

v

12 - 04am

i

ii

iii

iv

v

04:00 am

i

ii

iii

iv

v

05:00 am

i

ii

iii

iv

v

PERSONAL

DIARYDATE YEAR DAY Code of day Yes.....1

No.......2

List of Activities from 1 to 5 Activities per time

period

ICATUS

Code “C“

Means of

Transport

2 3 6 8

Place

FOR

OFFICIAL

USE

TUS DIARY PAGE 5

IDENTIFICATION

Period/


FOR OFFICIAL

USE

Same

time?

Code ‘A’

Payment

Code “B”

Location


ANNEX 3: List of Contributors of Intergrated Labour Force Survey

Management

Mrs. Mayasa M. Mwinyi

Mr. Abdulrauf A. Ramadhan

Mr. Mbwana O. Mbwana

ILFS Coordinator

Mrs. Khadija KH. Hamadi

Mr. Haroub A. Masoud

Sampler

Mrs. Silvia Meku

Regional Supervisors

Mr. Bakari Kitwana Makame

Mr. Hafidh Abdulrabi Khamis

Mr. Mustafa Hassan Makame

Mrs. Sabina Raphael Daima

Mr. Omar Salum Salahi

Mr. Said Mohammed Said

Data Processing (IT)

Mr. Abdalla Othman Makame

Quality Control

Mrs. Habiba Soud Salim

Mr. Mosdest Damian Hassan

Authors

Mr. Mahmoud Rajab

Mr. Hafidh Abdul-rabi

Mrs. Khadija Khamis

Mr. Abdul-majid Jecha

Mrs. Fahima Mohammed

Mr. Bakari Khamis kondo

Mrs. Sabina Raphael

Mr. Bakari Kitwana

Mrs. Mwanajuma Suleiman

Mr. Modest Damian

Mr. Mustafa Hassan

Mrs. Kazija Khamis Said


Editorial Board Mrs. Mayasa M. Mwinyi

Mr. Mbwana O. Mbwana

Mr. Maulid S. Kombo

Mr. Idrisa A. Shamte

Mr. Bakari KH. Kondo

Mrs. Nour A. Masoud

Mrs. Khadija Kh. Hamad

Mrs. Sabina R. Daima

Mrs. Mwanangaza M. Hafidh


OFFICE OF THE CHIEF GOVERNMENT STATISTICIAN , ZANZIBAR

Vission

The Vission of the Office of Chief G overnment Statistician (OCGS) is “To become a Centre

of excellence for statistical production and for promoting a culture of Evidence -based policy

and decision- making”.

Mission

The Mission of OCGS is “to coordinate production of official statistics, provide high quality

statistical data and information and promote their use in planning, decision making,

administration, governance, monitoring and evaluation”.

For comments and suggestions, please contact:

Chief Government Statistician,

Office of the Chief Government Statistician,

P.O. Box 2321,

Zanzibar.

Tel: +255 24 2231869

Fax: +255 24 2231742

Email: [email protected]

Website: www.ocgs.go.tz

Documents

CHILD LABOUR SURVEY ZANZIBAR 2014 Child Labour Survey 2014.pdf · i | C H I L D L A B O U R R E P O R T FORWARD Child Labour Survey (CLS) was one of module in the Integrated Labour