Childhood Obesity

Table of contents• Reflection Page• Childhood Obesity Legislation in the United

States: 2006-2009• Effectiveness of School Programs• Obesity outcomes and Cost• Obesity Prevalence in the United States• Charts–Trends –Cost– Legislation

Reflection before research• I have chosen childhood obesity as a research project. I am not

sure the exact statistics of childhood obesity but as a parent I hear things on the news that sparked my interest. I volunteer at my daughter’s class in the Davis County, Utah school district. While eating lunch with her I realized that the school lunch is not what it used to be. I was waiting for the peanut butter bars and Tampico that I had growing up in school; instead it was milk and extra fruit.

• I know that there are a lot of fat children out there. I can see it when I take my kids to school and notice the inactivity in the neighborhood compared to when I was a kid. I do not know the effects obesity has on children and would like to know to prevent it from happening to my family. I know that genetics has to do with obesity but would like to find out the controllable factors in preventing this disease.

Patterns and predictors of Enactment of State Childhood Obesity Legislation in the United States:

2006-2009• This journal talks about how the increase in childhood obesity has risen in

the united states and what steps that the government has made to help combat the problem. Each state has had numerous policy and legislation changes, some that have failed and some that have succeeded. State legislation has put into affect obesity prevention through school, by changing the what students eat and what can go into vending machines on campus. Prevention at the source of the problem can help save the state millions of dollars that are spent in health care from the government. The journal notes numbers of bills that are proposed and those that are passed and the likely hood that they will be passed. From their study from 2006 to 2009 , 475 of the 1761 introduced bills were passed around the country.

• Amy A. Eyler, PhD, Leah Nguyen, MSW. Jooyoung Kong, MSW, Yan Yan, MD, PhD, MS and Ross Brownseon, PhD. "Patterns and predictors of Enactment of State Childhood Obesity Legislation in the United States: 2006-2009." American JOurnal of Public Health (2012): 9.

Childhood Obesity Legislation effort2006-2009

Through out the United States

Bills passed; 475

Bills Proposed; 1761

Effectiveness of School Programs in Preventing Childhood Obesity: A multilevel comparison

• With the rapid increase in childhood obesity prevention is a public health priority. Multifaceted school programs that incorporate CDC guidelines demonstrate effective in preventing childhood obesity. This journal shows the progress that can be made by educating our educators about this disease. The investment of implementing programs has a high potential to reduce childhood obesity. Healthy food supplemented with physical activity programs provide a healthy future for our children.

• Paul J Veugelers, PhD, and Angela L. Fitzgerald, MSc. "Effectivebesss of School Programs in Preventing Childhood Obesity: A mulitlevel Comparison." American Journal of Public Health (2005): 5.

Trends in Obesity among children and adolescents

1963-65

1966-70

1971-74

1976-80

1988-94

1999-00

2001-02

2003-04

2005-06

2007-08

0%2%4%6%8%

10%12%14%16%18%20%

Obesity Among 6-11 1963-2008

% among US 6-11

Trends in Obesity among children and adolescents

1966-70

1976-80

1988-94

1999-00

2001-02

2003-04

2005-06

2007-08

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

2-5 yrs old

1966-2008

% a

mon

g U

S yo

uth

2-5

Obesity outcomes and Cost Consequences-Synthesis of Research Findings

• The economic impact that childhood obesity is much more than anticipated before my research. Youth aged 6-17 estimated cost from obesity as a primary or secondary diagnosis is $127 million in 2001. The cost has almost tripled since 1979. This journal says that 50% of all medical costs through health insurance are obesity related, an 12.7 billion dollar expenditure. Some interventions are mentioned that are implemented throughout the country.

• Ogden CL, Carroll MD & Flegal KM. (2003). Epidemiologic trends in overweight and obesity. Endocrinol MetabClin North Am, 32: 741--60,vii.

Economic Cost Comparison

1981

2001

$35

$127

MILLION DOLLARS

Obesity Prevalence in the United States — Up, Down, or Sideways?

• The risk of obesity by the year 2050 is perhaps approaching 100% according to this article. The increase of obesity from 2007 to 2009 was 1.1% which added 2.4 million more obese people in our nation in two years. Are there some conflicting reports? That is what is asked in the article and that is what they research. The fact that people claim to be taller and weigh less than they do the facts and charts could be skewed, suggesting that we should not be surprised if the figures are in fact even higher than anticipated. Since the rate of childhood obesity is rising they try to calculate what that means for the future.

• Medicine, The New England Journal of. The New England Journal of Medicine. 15 October 2012. 15 October 2012. <http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1009229>.

Trends in Obesity among children and adolescents

1966-70

1971-74

1976-80

1988-94

1999-00

2001-02

2005-06

2007-08

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

12-19yrs old Obesity

Adolescent and School Health• The Center for Disease Control and Prevention simply covers facts

concerning childhood obesity. In 2008 more than one third of children and adolescents were overweight or obese. The percentage of children aged 6–11 years in the United States who were obese increased from 7% in 1980 to nearly 20% in 2008. Similarly, the percentage of adolescents aged 12–19 years who were obese increased from 5% to 18% over the same period. Obese youth are more likely to have risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as high cholesterol or high blood pressure. Obese adolescents are more likely to have prediabetes, which is a sign that type 1 and type 2 diabetes is right around the corner for them. Overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk for many types of cancer

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 15 October 2012. 15 October 2012. <http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/obesity/facts.htm>.