China

20th Century ChinaMr. Napier and Mr. Newhall

Standards

• SS7H3 The student will analyze continuity and change in Southern and Eastern Asia leading to the 21st century.

d. Describe the impact of communism in China in terms of Mao Zedong, the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and Tiananmen Square.

Homework due 3-24Pages 659-664Questions 2, 3, 5, and 6

Huang He, Mekong, Yangtze, Sea of Japan, South China Sea, Yellow Sea, Gobi, Taklimakan, Korea, Indonesia, Vietnam

What do we know?1. How many people live in China?2. What kind of government?3. What type of economy?4. Where do people live?5. Environmental issues?6. Major geographic features?7. Key border nations?

The new Republic of China

§ Nationalist Party ended Chinese Dynasty rule with the defeat of the Qing Dynasty in 1911.

§ Sun Yixian 1st President (1912-1925)§ Sought to end

foreign control in China’s affairs

§ Unstable times

Review/Preview1. Country between Russia and2. Land near Isreal where Palentinians live?3. Gulf in Middle East with lots of oil?4. Separation of races in South Africa?5. Country with six counties still controlled by a foreign

power?6. Islam has two sects, Sunni and ______________?7. Muslim nation near Australia with many people?8. Colonial nation which controlled Congo?9. Mountains in the center of Europe?10. Holy city of Islam?11. Arabs are an ____________ group.

Chiang Kai-shek• Second leader of

the Republic of China

• 1929 formed Nationalist Republic of China

• Civil War with Mao Zedong and Communist Party

Mao Zedong As a Young Revolutionary

• 1921- One of the founders of Chinese Communist Party

• Led the Long March (1934-1935)

• 1949 Defeated Nationalist- created People’s Republic of China

• Chairman of the Communist Party (1949-1976)Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong-Man of the PeopleThe Three Rules of

Military Discipline

● prompt obedience to orders,

● No confiscation of peasant property, and

● Prompt delivery directly to

authorities of all items confiscated from landlords.

Eight Points for

Attention

• Be polite when speaking

• Be honest when buying and

selling

• Return all borrowed articles

• Pay compensation for

everything damaged

• Do not hit or swear at others

• Do not damage crops

• Do not harass females

• Do not mistreat prisoners

The Long March

The Long March• 6,000 mile trek of the Red Army of the

Chinese Communist (chased by the Nationalist Party).

• Communist relocated from Southeast to Northwest.

• They crossed 18 mountain ranges and 24 rivers.

• Marched without supplies- foraging and gathering

• 100,000 men began • the trek; only 8,000 • arrived 1 yr later in Yan’an.

The Long March…

Mount Jiajin- 1st mountain on Long March

Time Line China

1929 Chiang Kai-shek forms nationalist republic1934-35 Long March of Communists1939-45 World War II Japan Invades China Communists and Nationalist fight together1945-49 Civil War won by Communists1949-76 Mao leads People’s Republic

Communist Revolution 1946-1949

• Nationalist and Communist are side by side during WWII.

• The end of World War and the beginning of …CIVIL WAR!

Chinese Red Army (Communist ) takes power from NationalistShanghai- 1949

The Communist Victory

How did they win?

§ Mao won support of peasants – land

§ Mao won support of women§ Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics

§ Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt

§ Many felt that the Nationalists allowed foreigners to dominate China.

The People’s Republic of China

• Mao Zedong announces formation of PRC on October 1, 1949 in front of the Forbidden City in Beijing

• Communist rule in China begins

• Wanted collective (Command Economy) ownership in agriculture and industry

Great Leap Forward, 1958● 5 year plan to increase agriculture and industry● Established Collectives

● Groups of people who live and work together to achieve production quotas● Property held and controlled by government● Ended after 2 years- failure● Farmers missed owning land, produced less, no motivation to work hard● Poor crops due to bad weather● Famine a result

Communist China Under Mao

● Industrialized China● Increased literacy● Class privileges ended● One-party dictatorship● Denied people basic rights and freedoms• Overtook Inner

Mongolia & Tibet

Great Cultural Revolution 1966

● Renew revolutionary spirit and established an equal society● Mao wanted to put “intellectuals” in their place- students encouraged to leave school and fight anything that promoted classes● Red Guards were students who attacked professors, government officials, factory managers- some were jailed, some killed● Fear of Capitalism-

private ownership *Result was chaos*

Mao’s Attempt to take backAbsolute power!

The Red Guard

Propaganda Posters

What do you see…

Deng Xiaoping • Deng Xiaoping

becomes new leader of China

• Opens markets to limited Capitalism.Comman

dMarket

Mao Deng

Tiananmen Square, 1989

• Located in the of the city of Beijing.

• Size: 109 acres.• Is the location

of several important Monuments and Buildings.

Tiananmen Square, 1989

• Thousands of students and workers protested for democratic reforms and corruption in the government.

• Occupied square for 7 weeks.

Tiananmen Square, 1989

Democracy—Our Common Ideal!

Tiananmen Square, 1989

Goddess of Democracy

Tiananmen Square Protest Ends…

• Government used military force to end demonstration.

• 100’s were killed, 10,000 injured and 1,000’s “arrested”

Goddess of Democracy

destroyed by soldiers

Type 59 Chinese Tank

72000 lbs8.5 feet tall

20 feet long/11 feet wide

Jeff Widener

Charlie Cole

Stuart Franklin

Terril Jones

Arthur Tsang Hin Wah

Tiananmen Square, 1989

The Massacre: The People’s Army

Moves In

Student leaders are arrested

Tiananmen Square, 1989

No fighting but no peace either.

Warm Up and Review1. First leader of communist China?2. Goal of Great Leap Forward?3. Amount of private ownership under Mao?4. Enemy of the Cultural Revolution?5. Families of rulers in China?6. One who believes nation should be

independent?7. A command economy is a _________

economy.8. Goal of protesters in Tiananmen Square?9. Monarch in Japan?

What do you think?

What do you think- 19 years after Tiananmen

Square?

Korean War• North Korea invades South in 1950.• United Nations acts with U.S.• U.S. soldiers come from Japan

occupation.• China intervenes when U.S. forces

neared the border• Armistice signed in 1952 after

33,000+ U.S. deaths

Korean War

Vietnam War• French driven out by Nationalists led by Ho Chi Minh• Vietnam divided between communist and free.• Government of South Vietnam supported by U.S.• North Vietnam supported by Soviet Union• U.S. sends in military advisors to help south defeat

communist infiltration• Gradually, U.S. raises troops to more than 500,000• U.S. deaths reach more than 200/week• College students protest war at home• Media (color TV) shows military action and Tet

Offensive – Communists still strong• U.S. gradually withdraws troops • Vietnam falls to communists in 1975.

Vietnam

Shinto• Japanese religion• “way of the Gods”• Supernatural

beings, called Kami, live in all objects and forces of nature.

• No book but deeply rooted in Japanese culture.

• Winds, rain, mountains, trees fertility are gods.

• Shrines are focus.

Confucianism• Philosophy more

than religion• Moral teachings• Humanism –

Focus on man and how you should act in society

The fundamental concern of the Confucian tradition is

learning to be human

Japan

• Economic success• Group/society more

important than individual

• Parliamentary Democracy with Emperor

• High literacy (99%) results in high standard of living.

• Avoided European control.

• Desire for natural resources caused WW II.

• Rebuilt by United States after World War II.

• Life expectancy is 83!• Buddhist and Shinto

traditions.• Homogeneous society

Asian Images

“Forget injuries, never forget kindnesses.”

Create a children’s story

• Your story should include at least 6 pages and illustrations

• Mao Zedong• The Long March• The Great Leap Forward• The Cultural Revolution• Tiananmen Square• China Today