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CHINA

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CHINA. CHINA. In eastern AsiaWorld’s most populated country Fourth largest country in terms of area Beijing is the capitalShanghai is the largest city 70% of it is mountains, hills, and highlands Wide range of climatesMost farmland and people are in the east - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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CHINA

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CHINA

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In eastern Asia World’s most populated countryFourth largest country in terms of areaBeijing is the capital Shanghai is the largest city70% of it is mountains, hills, and highlandsWide range of climates Most farmland and people are in the eastMost live in towns or villagesRepublic government controlled by the Communist partyGovernment controls economy but is letting more free enterprise

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1 in 5 people are ChineseMost work in agriculture90% live in eastern China92% are HanFamily is very importantLive modestlyMen marry after 22Women marry after 20Only allowed to have two kidsOne of the world’s oldest civilizationsDeveloped the compass, paper, and porcelain

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less than 20 years

1/3 ½

traditions and rituals

less than 10%

Privatization – the government not owning everythingIt allows individuals to own land and start businesses

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8 times larger

their writing

34 a minute and 7 million a year

construction projects

Chinese New Year

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The Chinese language has over a ___________________ characters in it.

An ancient form of writing from China is called _________________.

The ________________ and _________________ are two symbols of Communism.

Besides rice the ______________________ plant has been grown in China for a long time.

____________ on the Chinese flag stands for revolution, the big starrepresents the _______________________, and the four smaller starsstand for the __________________________ .

China has a ___________________________ climate.

The Chinese were the first to use _______________________ and their currency is called the _______________________ .

China’s official national religion is ______________________.

The __________________________________ has the most fertile soil in China.

Countries Around the World: China

thousand

calligraphy

hammer sickle

soybean

RedCommunist Partypeople

diverse

paper moneyYuan

atheist

Yangtze River Delta

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MODERN CHINA CROSSWORD PUZZLE

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CHINA’S PHYSIOGRAPHIC FEATURES

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Yangtze River

Summer Temp. = 65° FWinter Temp. = 22° F

Annual Precipitation = 40 ins.Vegetation Type = rainforest

The Yangtze river (meaning “Long River”) is the longest river in Asia, and the fourth longest in the world. It runs for a good 3,859 miles. To some people, it is considered a dividing line between

northern and southern China.

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The word “Gobi” means very large and dry in Mongolian. The Gobi Desert is the 5th largest desert in the world and is Asia’s largest. It covers an area of about 500,000 square miles. The Gobi Desert is a cold desert, and it is not uncommon to see frost or occasionally snow on its dunes.

Gobi Desert

Summer Temp. = 113° FWinter Temp. = -40° F

Annual Precipitation = 5.5 ins.Vegetation Type = desert

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Summer Temp. = -13° FWinter Temp. = -100° FAnnual Precipitation = 80 inches Vegetation Type = none

Himalayan Mountains

. The Himalayan Mountains are the world’s highest mountain range and contain the world’s highest mountain, Mount Everest, which is over 25,000 feet high. The Himalayas extend for 1,500 miles. These mountains are extremely dangerous to travel through, not only because of their height, but

also because they are always covered in snow and ice.

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Huang He (Yellow) River

Summer Temp. = variesWinter Temp. = varies

Annual Precipitation = 16 ins.Vegetation Type = sparse grasses

The Huang He River is the second longest river in China, as well as the sixth longest river in the world. It stretches about 3,395 miles. This river is commonly known as the Yellow River, because that is the color of the river from all of the sediment it carries. Another nickname for this river is

“China’s Sorrow”. It is called this because it has been known to have devastating floods.

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North China Plain

Summer Temp. = 82° FWinter Temp. = 28° F

Annual Precipitation = 23 ins.Vegetation Type = grassland

The North China Plain is the largest flat lowland area in China. It stretches across an area of 158,000 square miles. The early Chinese considered this plain “the center of the world”.

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Plateau of Tibet

Summer Temp. = 45° FWinter Temp. = 18° F

Annual Precipitation = 10 inchesVegetation Type = sparse grasses

The Tibetan Plateau is also called “the roof of the world”. It is the highest and largest plateau in the world covering an area about four times the size of Texas.

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Taklimakan Desert

Summer Temp. = 100° FWinter Temp. = 15° F

Annual Precipitation = 5 inchesVegetation Type = desert

The Taklimakan Desert is known as the largest sand-only desert in the world. Many different mummies have been found in this desert, and some date back over four thousand years. The word

“taklimakan” is known to mean “desert of death” or “place of no return”.

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Summer Temp. = 41° FWinter Temp. = 15° F

Annual Precipitation = 10 ins.Vegetation Type = forest

Tien Shan Mountains

The Tien Shan Mountains are one of the longest mountain ranges in Central Asia. Their name means “mountains of the spirits”. The mountains at their lower levels contain many spruce forests.

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Manchurian Plain• Summer Temp. = 75° F• Winter Temp. = 10° F• Annual Precipitation = 20 ins.• Vegetation Type = sparse grasses

The Manchurian Plain is also known as the Northeast China Plain. It covers an area of over 135,000 square miles. There are almost no trees on this plain. This area is good for raising livestock and herding.

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Yangtze River Location:flows through south central China from the mountains to the sea

Facts: -Also known as the Chang Jiang-Yangtze = Long River-Longest river in China and Asia and 4th in the world-It sometimes does flood-People use the river to move goods between eastern and western areas in the region -Its surrounding lands are very fertile

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Gobi Desert • LocationIt covers part of China and Mongolia

Facts- one of the world’s largest deserts - Most of the desert is stony and its

surface is made up of small pebbles and tiny bits of sand

- It is a cold desert, and it is not uncommon to see frost and occasionally snow on its dunes

- Vegetation is sparse and the plants there tend to be small and widely spaced

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Himalayan Mountains • LocationAlong China’s southern

border and forms a natural border between the Indian subcontinent

Facts- the highest mountain

range in the world - region is a bitterly cold

place - It is so cold that there is

very little or no vegetation.

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Huang He (Yellow) River

• LocationIt bends through north central China from the

mountains to the sea

Facts - Second longest river in China, 6th in the

world - called the Yellow River because of the

enormous amounts of yellow silt- Very muddy river - Called "the cradle of Chinese civilization",

as its basin is the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilizations

- the river has flooded more than 1,500 times, causing much damage and loss of life. This has also earned the river the name "China's Sorrow".

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North China Plain • Location- east central China

Facts- is a flat region of grassland and

temperatures range from very warm in the summer to cold in the winter.

- called the “Land of the Yellow Earth” because the ground is covered by yellow limestone silt from the Gobi Desert

- This flat yellow-soil plain is the main area of grains, corn, and cotton production in China. Wheat, sesame seed, and peanuts are also grown here.

- The plain is one of the most densely populated regions in the world.

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Plateau of Tibet • LocationThe southwestern part of China is

dominated by the high Tibet Plateau

Facts- This area is often called the

“Roof of the World” since it is over two miles above sea level

- It is a very large area, covering almost a quarter of the land in China

- very cold and dry climate with sparse shrubs and grasses

- The natural vegetation is eaten by antelopes and yaks that roam the area

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Taklimakan Desert • Location- located in western China, just

northwest of the Tibetan Plateau

Facts- Over 105,000 square miles- considered one of the most

dangerous deserts in the world - “once you go in, you will not come

out”- The desert’s huge sand dunes

shift and change as the wind blows the sand around and sandstorms arise with stunning speed

- the desert is very dry with vegetation near oases only

- Legend says that two armies and three hundred cities are buried in it

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Tien Shan Mountains • Location- The northwestern tip of China and

lies to the north and west of the Taklimakan Desert

Facts- one of the longest mountain ranges in

Central Asia at 1700 miles long- The name Tien Shan literally means

“celestial mountains” and is sacred to those who practice Daoism

- Heavy rain and snowfall on the range create a mountain environment that contrasts dramatically with the arid desert terrain of the southern foothills

- On the lower slopes, there are flowery meadows and forests

- Top of them are covered with glaciers

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Manchurian Plain

• Location- northeastern China - east of

Mongolia

Facts- Also known as Northeast China

Plain- is a land of low hills and plains

and the natural vegetation is mostly prairie grass

- It has short, warm summers and is cold in the winter – dry in the north and wetter in the south

- In general, the plain is too cold and dry to be a good place for growing crops but is good for herding and livestock

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Map of China’s Physiographic Features

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China Map KeyYangtze River Gobi DesertHimalayan MountainsHuang He/Yellow (River)North China PlainPlateau of TibetTaklimakan DesertTien Shan (Mountains)Manchurian Plain

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It is said that nature has built a natural wall around China. List the names of the physiographic features which form China’s natural wall.

MOUNTAINS (4) DESERTS (2) SEAS (3)

What do you think will be the advantages and disadvantages to China having a “natural wall”?

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

HimalayaHindu KushTien ShanAltai

GobiTaklimakan

YellowEast ChinaSouth China

Safe from invaders/protectionWill have many natural resourcesEtc.

Difficult to trade/travel to/with othersCause isolationEtc.

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HELPFUL or HARMFUL???

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CHINA’S GEOGRAPHY

HELPFUL HARMFUL OTHER FACTSNatural barriers give protectionRivers link/bring the people togetherRivers flood and enrich the soil for farmingRivers used for their resources and as transportation/trade routes

Natural barriers make it hard to travel and communicateNumerous regions formed and developed their own ways and, therefore, the Chinese were not unifiedRivers flood, destroy, and killDeserts are dry wastelands

Southwest = mountainsNorth and west = mountains and desertsEast = oceanAll of the above act as barriers keeping China both isolated and safe

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Yangshao

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Yangshao• Began 10,000 B.C.E• Settled near the Huang He (Yellow) River

in north central China.• Were farmers in China• Had houses built partially underground

with plastered floors and roofs supported by wooden beams

• Created painted pottery with geometric designs on it They used a kiln but no potter’s wheel

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Lungshan

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Lungshan• About 3000 B.C.E• Settled near the Huang He (Yellow) River in

northeast China.• Farmers that raised cattle, sheep, pigs, and

dogs and grew wheat and millet• Eventually settled in southern China to grow rice• Leaders arose to complete projects to control

flooding• Created black pottery using a kiln and a potter’s

wheel• First to harvest silk from silkworms to weave

fabric which became a major export of China

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Xia • Last of the Prehistoric settlements around 2000 B.C.E.

(ruled for about 300 years)• Settled near the Huang He (Yellow) River in north central

China.• Know about them from legends and eventually what

archeologists have found• Had bronze weapons and tools• Were farmers• Made pottery• Rulers communicated with spirits for help and guidance• Defeated by the Shang, China’s first dynasty

Could eventually become China’s first dynasty when and if more evidence is found about them

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The Shang Dynasty

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A Shang dynasty tortoise shell with pictographs. The Shang dynasty is the earliest Chinese dynasty supported by archeological and written evidence.

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The ruins of Yin date back to the Shang dynasty. A number of tombs were discovered at this site, but only one, that of Fuo Hao, was undisturbed.

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A jade carving discovered in Fuo Hao's tomb. Fuo Hao was a wife of King Wu Ding during the Shang dynasty and is reported to have served as a military leader. Her tomb was untouched when discovered in 1976.

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Evidence of human sacrifice is common in elite tombs of the Shang dynasty.

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A Shang dynasty bronze zun or wine vessel, shaped in the form of an elephant with uplifted trunk.

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A Chinese archeologist works at a newly discovered pit of chariots and horses in the ruins of Yin. Five of the seven pits are arranged in a line, with chariots and horses facing eastward.

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SHANG DYNASTY

1) 1700-1050 BCE

2) On the Huang He River in the North China Plain

4) A series of rulers from the same family

5) From the tombs, artifacts, and writing we have found

3) The Shang dynasty is important because . . .CHINA’S FIRST DYNASTY

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1) farmers

lived in the Wei Valley on the Huang He River

2) In 1050 BCE Wu the Martial and the Zhou conquered the Shang3) China’s longest lasting dynasty

4) Tian – impersonal power (heaven) worshiped by the Zhou that demanded right behavior and good government

Mandate of Heaven – getting heaven’s (tian) support if you ruled well

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owned all of the land and granted Nobles complete control of the land given them, protects and defends the land and people, govern in the interest of the people

controls the land given to him from the king which consisted of a walled town and the farms around it, must give the king a portion of what the peasants produce from his land, must send the king soldiers in times of war

work the farmland and give the noble some of what they produce/make, are the soldiers

KING

NOBLES

PEASANTS

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6) Dialects are different forms of the same language

7) Communication from region to region was difficult because people could not always understand each other when they spoke

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8) Expanded the use of writing so no matter how a word was pronounced in the different regions of China, its written form would be the same and understood. This allows China’s culture to grow and spread.

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Qin

Located near the city of XiaWas a palace for the afterlife with jewels and a recreated ChinaWas built by prisonersSoldiers were made of clay, brightly painted, and no two are alikeMakers were buried with Qin

It uses picture symbols with no alphabet and is very hard

Shang = 1700 – 1050 BCEZhou = 1050 – 221 BCEQin = 221 – 206 BCE

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Built by prisoners and peasants8 horses wide at the top and 6 horses wide at the bottom and 5 men tallOver 1500 miles longMade to keep out the Mongols

A trade route from China to Rome

Your last name (family name) is first and your first name goes last

tea, rice, wheat, noodles, beans, and vegetables

Fireworks, yoyo, stir-fry, compass, noodles, paper, coins, kites, wheel barrow, silk, china/porcelain, ship’s rudder, acupuncture

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ANCIENT CHINA’S BELIEF SYSTEMS

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China’s greatest teacherBorn in Lu, ChinaWas part of a noble family then became poor and orphanedWell educatedGave simple lessons for living

551 – 479 BCE during the last years of the Zhou Dynasty

Order and mutual respect among people led to peaceTreat others the way you would want to be treated – Golden Rule

CONFUCIUS

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Central idea of Confucianism “relationship between two people”

One person existing in harmony with another

REN

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Husband and wifeFather and sonOlder brother and younger brotherFriend and friendRuler and subject

Sincerity (honest), loyalty (trusting), mutual respect (considerate)

Family very important and children should respect their parentsRulers should act like good fathersGovernment should be based on goodnessGovernment officials should earn their jobs

CONFUCIANISM

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MOISM

Mozi

Universal love for all people and respect for all people will bring peace

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LEGALISM

All people are bad by nature

Only a strong government with strict laws and harsh punishments can keep the evil under control

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DAOISM

Laozi

Want a small and simple society

Best leaders work quietly in the background and do not worry about getting credit

Want to find Dao – “the way” of the universe by being in harmony with nature and in touch with your inner feelings