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China in Disorder
220-589 C.E.
Geography of the RegionChina has very diverse
landscapes that isolate it from the rest of the world.
The landscapes also help to protect China from neighboring tribes or enemies.
DesertsTaklimakan Desert:
◦“Once you go in, you never come out”
◦World’s largest shifting-sand desert
Gobi Desert:◦Fifth largest desert
in the world◦Location of several
cities along the Silk Road
MountainsTian Shan
◦ “the Heavens’ mountains”◦ Neighbors the Taklimakan
Desert
Himalayas◦ “abode of snow” in
Sanscrit◦ Mount Everest is included
(highest peak in the world at 29, 029 ft)
◦ Plateau of Tibet (highest and biggest plateau in the world)
WaterwaysChiang Jiang River
◦ Longest river in China at 3,915 mi
Huang He River (“Yellow River”)◦ Carries a lot of silt which makes
it appear yellow
Yellow Sea◦ Sand from the Gobi desert on
the surface make it appear yellow at sunset
East China Sea South China Sea
Nearby Enemies: The Mongols
North of China Outstanding leadership & Military
SkillHorses
Children learned to ride before they could walk because horsemanship was that important to the Mongols
Mongols traveled in family groups called CLANS.◦Formal leader was usually the eldest
male
Temujin was born in 1167 and became a strong military leader of his clan at the age of 12 after his father was killed.
He received recognition from several clans after he showcased his skill and careful thinking with his own people.
At the age of 39, he was named Genghis Khan – “ruler of all within the sea.”
He shaped the Mongolian Warriors and helped to create order in battle by setting up a structured military.
Division of Ideologies
ConfucianismBuddhismTaoism/Daoism
Confucianism◦Based on the teachings of
Confucius Chinese thinker and social
philosopher
◦Respect for elders◦Completing duties to the
family◦Attaining virtue by studying
the classics or serving the government
◦Visions of personal and social perfection will bring peace and prosperity to the people
BuddhismBased on the teachings of
Siddhartha, the Buddha of “Enlightened One”◦ Originated in India and arrived in
China via the Silk RoadTaught that life is a cycle of
pleasure or sorrow, of death and rebirth
Suffering is seen as a part of life – caused by paying too much attention to material things
A person could escape from suffering through meditation – then reach enlightenment
Taoism/DaoismBased on the teachings
of Laozi/Lao-tzeA Chinese philosopher
Emphasis on living in harmony with nature
Being content with lifeYin Yang: opposing
forces are actually in interconnected and give rise to each other
Reunification: 589 C.E.China was reunified under
Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty
Accomplishments: Practiced traditional politics Organized public works projects
(i.e. Rebuilding of the Great Wall, digging of the Grand Canal)
Renewed the focus of education through the building of colleges
Organized administration system Encouraged followers of each of
the 3 systems of thought