China limits European China limits European ContactContact

China limits European China limits European ContactContact

Chapter 19 Section2Chapter 19 Section2

China Under the Ming DynastyChina Under the Ming Dynasty

1368-1644

Vassal states from Korea to Southeast Asia paid tribute to Ming

payment system acknowledging submission-Kowtowing

Europeans expected to do the same

Ming rulers intent on preserving peace and prosperity after they ended Mongol rule

1368-1644

Vassal states from Korea to Southeast Asia paid tribute to Ming

payment system acknowledging submission-Kowtowing

Europeans expected to do the same

Ming rulers intent on preserving peace and prosperity after they ended Mongol rule

First VoyageFirst Voyage: 1405-1407 [62 : 1405-1407 [62 ships; 27,800 men].ships; 27,800 men].

Second VoyageSecond Voyage: 1407-1409 : 1407-1409 [Ho didn’t go on this trip].[Ho didn’t go on this trip].

Third VoyageThird Voyage: 1409-1411 [48 : 1409-1411 [48 ships; 30,000 men]. ships; 30,000 men].

Fourth VoyageFourth Voyage: 1413-1415 [63 : 1413-1415 [63 ships; 28,500 men].ships; 28,500 men].

Fifth VoyageFifth Voyage: 1417-1419: 1417-1419Sixth VoyageSixth Voyage: 1421-1422: 1421-1422Emperor Zhu Gaozhi cancelled Emperor Zhu Gaozhi cancelled

future trips and ordered ship future trips and ordered ship builders and sailors to stop builders and sailors to stop work.work.

Seventh VoyageSeventh Voyage: 1431-1433: 1431-1433Emperor Zhu Zhanji resumed Emperor Zhu Zhanji resumed

the voyages in 1430 to the voyages in 1430 to restore peaceful relations restore peaceful relations with Malacca & Siamwith Malacca & Siam

100 ships and 27,500 men; 100 ships and 27,500 men; Cheng Ho died on the return Cheng Ho died on the return trip.trip.

First VoyageFirst Voyage: 1405-1407 [62 : 1405-1407 [62 ships; 27,800 men].ships; 27,800 men].

Second VoyageSecond Voyage: 1407-1409 : 1407-1409 [Ho didn’t go on this trip].[Ho didn’t go on this trip].

Third VoyageThird Voyage: 1409-1411 [48 : 1409-1411 [48 ships; 30,000 men]. ships; 30,000 men].

Fourth VoyageFourth Voyage: 1413-1415 [63 : 1413-1415 [63 ships; 28,500 men].ships; 28,500 men].

Fifth VoyageFifth Voyage: 1417-1419: 1417-1419Sixth VoyageSixth Voyage: 1421-1422: 1421-1422Emperor Zhu Gaozhi cancelled Emperor Zhu Gaozhi cancelled

future trips and ordered ship future trips and ordered ship builders and sailors to stop builders and sailors to stop work.work.

Seventh VoyageSeventh Voyage: 1431-1433: 1431-1433Emperor Zhu Zhanji resumed Emperor Zhu Zhanji resumed

the voyages in 1430 to the voyages in 1430 to restore peaceful relations restore peaceful relations with Malacca & Siamwith Malacca & Siam

100 ships and 27,500 men; 100 ships and 27,500 men; Cheng Ho died on the return Cheng Ho died on the return trip.trip.

Ming Dynasty COnt’dMing Dynasty COnt’d

How did Hongwu bring stability to China?

began reforms to restore agriculture destroyed by war

restored civil service exam system

encouraged a return to Confucian moral standards

How did Hongwu bring stability to China?

began reforms to restore agriculture destroyed by war

restored civil service exam system

encouraged a return to Confucian moral standards

What were some of his agricultural reforms?

increased rice production

improved irrigation

introduced fish farming

growing commercial crops

sugar cane

cotton

What were some of his agricultural reforms?

increased rice production

improved irrigation

introduced fish farming

growing commercial crops

sugar cane

cotton

Ming Dynasty Map1368-1644Ming Dynasty Map1368-1644

Why was only the government allowed to conduct foreign trade?

limit foreign influence to a minimum

three ports of trade only-Canton, Macao and Ningbo

How did foreign trade affect Ming China?

trade flourished up and down coast because of smuggling

increase in manufacturing

introduction of Christianity and European inventions

Why was only the government allowed to conduct foreign trade?

limit foreign influence to a minimum

three ports of trade only-Canton, Macao and Ningbo

How did foreign trade affect Ming China?

trade flourished up and down coast because of smuggling

increase in manufacturing

introduction of Christianity and European inventions

Ming Dynast Cont’dMing Dynast Cont’d

Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644 C.E.Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644 C.E.

Golden Age of Chinese Art

Moderation

Softness

Gracefulness

Hundreds of thousands ofworkers constructed theForbidden City.

Golden Age of Chinese Art

Moderation

Softness

Gracefulness

Hundreds of thousands ofworkers constructed theForbidden City.

The Manchus invade china and begin the qing dynastyThe Manchus invade china and begin the qing dynasty

How did the Manchu rulers gain the respect of the Chinese people?

preserved Chinese traditions and Confucian beliefs

restored prosperity and peace

How were traditional styles reflected in Chinese culture?

reflected technical skills rather than creativity

plays depicted Chinese history and heroes

How did the Manchu rulers gain the respect of the Chinese people?

preserved Chinese traditions and Confucian beliefs

restored prosperity and peace

How were traditional styles reflected in Chinese culture?

reflected technical skills rather than creativity

plays depicted Chinese history and heroes

Emperor KangxiEmperor Kangxi

QIng Dynasty1644-1911 QIng Dynasty1644-1911

Qing Dynasty Cont’dQing Dynasty Cont’d

What restrictions did the Manchus place on foreign trade?

restricted to special ports

demanded tribute and “kowtow” rituals

Why did the Chinese accept the Dutch and reject the British as trading partners?

The Dutch followed Chinese rules while the British refused to kowtow

What restrictions did the Manchus place on foreign trade?

restricted to special ports

demanded tribute and “kowtow” rituals

Why did the Chinese accept the Dutch and reject the British as trading partners?

The Dutch followed Chinese rules while the British refused to kowtow

The Tribute systemThe Tribute systemThe Tribute systemThe Tribute system

RecapRecap

What three things stick out most in your mind about what you have learned?

What do you believe was the most significant accomplishment of the Chinese dynasties covered here?

What three things stick out most in your mind about what you have learned?

What do you believe was the most significant accomplishment of the Chinese dynasties covered here?

Japanese Feudal SocietyJapanese Feudal Society

Japan returns to isolationHow did each of the following help to unify Japan?Japan returns to isolationHow did each of the following help to unify Japan?

Daimyo

fought each other for over a century, eventually one was victorious and unified Japan

Oda Nobunaga

seized imperial capital and set out to eliminate rivals

Toyotomi Hideyoshi

continued Nobunaga’s mission, gained control over most of the country

Tokugawa Ieyasu

defeated rivals

completed unification

founded Tokugawa Shogunate

Daimyo

fought each other for over a century, eventually one was victorious and unified Japan

Oda Nobunaga

seized imperial capital and set out to eliminate rivals

Toyotomi Hideyoshi

continued Nobunaga’s mission, gained control over most of the country

Tokugawa Ieyasu

defeated rivals

completed unification

founded Tokugawa Shogunate

how did each of the following influence japanese society and culture?

how did each of the following influence japanese society and culture?

Tokugawa Shogunate

brought about more than two centuries of stability, prosperity and isolation

Portuguese

introduced many new items, ex, firearms=changed samurai traditions, fortification of castles and eventually growth of cities and towns

Christian Missionaries

at first, convert Japanese; later, religious persecution and eventual end of Christianity in Japan

“Closed Country” policy

allowed Tokugawa Shoguns to monopolize foreign trade; made Japan self-sufficient and closed to European influences

Tokugawa Shogunate

brought about more than two centuries of stability, prosperity and isolation

Portuguese

introduced many new items, ex, firearms=changed samurai traditions, fortification of castles and eventually growth of cities and towns

Christian Missionaries

at first, convert Japanese; later, religious persecution and eventual end of Christianity in Japan

“Closed Country” policy

allowed Tokugawa Shoguns to monopolize foreign trade; made Japan self-sufficient and closed to European influences

Japanese feudal societyJapanese feudal society

Emperor

reigned, but

did not always

rule!

Emperor

reigned, but

did not always

rule!

SamuraiSamurai

Oda Oda nobunaganobunaga

(1534-(1534-1582)1582)

Oda Oda nobunaganobunaga

(1534-(1534-1582)1582)

Unifies a large part of Japan

Unifies a large part of Japan

Toyotomi HideyoshiToyotomi Hideyoshi(1536-1598)(1536-1598)

Toyotomi HideyoshiToyotomi Hideyoshi(1536-1598)(1536-1598)

Becomes suspiciousBecomes suspicious of European of European

territorial ambitions. territorial ambitions.

Orders all European missionaries expelled

from Japan.

Becomes suspiciousBecomes suspicious of European of European

territorial ambitions. territorial ambitions.

Orders all European missionaries expelled

from Japan.

Tokugawa Ieyasu Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-(1543-1616)1616)

Tokugawa Ieyasu Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-(1543-1616)1616)

Unifies Japan.Unifies Japan.

Appointed shogun by the Emperor.

Unifies Japan.Unifies Japan.

Appointed shogun by the Emperor.

Tokugawa Shogunate PeriodTokugawa Shogunate Period

Japan closed off to all trade Japan closed off to all trade

[except to the Dutch and Chinese]. [except to the Dutch and Chinese]. Merchant class becomes rich! Merchant class becomes rich!

New art forms New art forms haikuhaiku poetry, poetry, kabukikabuki Domestic trade flourishes.Domestic trade flourishes.

Towns, esp. castle towns, increase.Towns, esp. castle towns, increase.

The Dutch were restricted to a The Dutch were restricted to a

small island in Nagasaki harbor. small island in Nagasaki harbor.

Japanese Christians persecuted Japanese Christians persecuted

and Christianity is forbidden. and Christianity is forbidden.

The government is centralized with allThe government is centralized with all

power in the hands of the shogun. power in the hands of the shogun.

Japan closed off to all trade Japan closed off to all trade

[except to the Dutch and Chinese]. [except to the Dutch and Chinese]. Merchant class becomes rich! Merchant class becomes rich!

New art forms New art forms haikuhaiku poetry, poetry, kabukikabuki Domestic trade flourishes.Domestic trade flourishes.

Towns, esp. castle towns, increase.Towns, esp. castle towns, increase.

The Dutch were restricted to a The Dutch were restricted to a

small island in Nagasaki harbor. small island in Nagasaki harbor.

Japanese Christians persecuted Japanese Christians persecuted

and Christianity is forbidden. and Christianity is forbidden.

The government is centralized with allThe government is centralized with all

power in the hands of the shogun. power in the hands of the shogun.

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