CHINAResists Outside Influence

Resists Outside Influence

• Rejected Western Goods:– Largely self-sufficient– Mining, Agriculture & Manufacturing

• Only port open to West: GUANGZHOU– China earns more on exports.– British smuggle opium =

• Chinese addiction problem• 12 million addicted

War Breaks Out

• Opium War: 1839– China Pleads with Queen Victoria– Pleas unnoticed = Sea Warfare

• British ships defeat the Chinese– Treaty of Nanjing give Britain control Hong Kong

• Extraterritorial Rights: 1844– Foreigners not subject to Chinese law at

Guangzhou and 4 other ports.

Population& Taiping Rebellion

• “Great Peace” – Hong Xiuquan– New China

• Grows army of 1 million– Captures SE sections of China– Hong went into isolation and internal

fighting grew.– 1864: rebellion is defeated.

Resistance to Change:

• Dowager Empress Cixi:– 1862-1908– Prefers traditional ways – Reforms only in Education, Government &

Military• Self-Strengthening Movement• Manufactured

– steam-powered gunboats, – Rifles– Ammunition

Spheres of Influence

• Europeans, Japan take advantage of China’s weakness.

– Foothold in China: “Sphere of Influence”• Foreign nations controlled trade and investment

in China.

• U.S. worries– Open Door Policy:

• China be left open to all nations that wish to trade.

Chinese Nationalism

• Chinese resent outside power; want change.

• 1898: Emperor Guangxu enacts reforms; Qing officials see these reforms as an attack on their power.– Streamline the Government– Modernize the military– Reorganize education system

Boxer Rebellion

• Secret Organizations formed by peasants.– Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists

• “BOXERS”

• Take away foreigners privileges and power & Empress Dowager Empress’s rule.

Results of Boxer Rebellion

• Rebels take Beijing.

• Foreign armies defeat the rebels ending the rebellion.

• Chinese Nationalism SURGES!

Beginning of Reform

• Empress Cixi recognizes necessity for reform.– World Tour to U.S. Britain, France,

Germany, Russia and Italy.

• Constitution based on Japans constitutional monarchy– National assembly– Reforms are very slow

Imperial Japan

Chapter 28 Section 2

Isolation

• 17th century to early 19th century.

• Rigid feudal system = – peace & prosperity

Japan ends its isolation

• Demand for foreign trade:– Early 19th century– Commodore Perry

• Forced emperor to accept letter to allow open trade b/t U.S. & Japan

– Treaty of Kanagawa• Opened ports to the U.S• Permission granted to other foreigners.

Meiji Reform:

• Shogun was forced to step down– End of dynasty lasting since the 12th

century.

• Meiji Era: “Enlightened Rule”– Mutsuhito is a reformer.– Modernize Japan

Western Influences:

• Germany:– Consitution– German Army

• Britain:– Navy

• U.S.– Universal education

Industrilization

• Railroads

• Coal production

• State-supported companies– Ship building– Large industry.

Imperial Japan

• 1890: strong navy & large army– Strongest military in Asia.

• Convinces all European nations to abolish the extraterritorial rights.

Japan attacks China

• Japan sets eyes on Korea– Forces Korea to open 3 ports to trade.– Korea an important trade partner for both

China & Japan

• China and Japan agree not to send troops to Korea.

Korea asks for Help!

• Korean king asks China to help put down rebellion.

• Sino-Japanese War– Japan sends troops in to defeat China.– Defeats China

• Foothold in Manchuria, Taiwan & Pescadores Isands.

Russo-Japanese War

• Balance of Power shift:– Russia vs. Japan

• Went to war over Manchuria.– Russia; stay out of Korea..(Refused!!)

• Japan defeats Russia– Russia withdraw from Manchuria & Korea

Japanese Occupation of Korea

• 1905: Korea becomes a protectorate.

• 1910: Korea is annexed to Japan– Under Japan’s control.

• Japan harshly rules Korea =– KOREAN NATIONALISM!