ng dng ca chitosan trong hp ph kim loi nng

ng dng ca chitosan trong hp ph kim loi nng.

Nh trn ni, trong phn t chitosan cha cc nguyn t N, O. c i in t t do khng phn chia. Do vy m chng c kh nng to phc vi nhiu kim loi nh: Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Cd, Fe Tuy nhin, tu thuc vo thnh phn cu trc ca kim loi lm cho kh nng to phc vi chitosan cng khc nhau, v th m kh nng hp ph ca tng kim loi ln chitosan khc nhau.

C ch chung ca s to phc gia kim loi vi chitosan c a ra nh sau:

A2+ + 2HL = AL2 + 2H+Bng nhiu phng php xc nh vt l v ho hc, xc nh c c ch hp ph ca Cu nh sau:[26]

Cn vi Cd, Pb c th vit theo c ch[27]

R-NH2 + Pb2+ = R-NH2Pb2+ R-NH2 + H+ = R-NH3+ R-NH3+ + Pb2+ = R-NH2Pb2+ + H+ R-NH2Pb2+ + H2O = Pb(OH)+ + R-NH3+V mt l thuyt th nhng c ch hp ph kim loi ln chitosan n nay vn ang l vn xem xt nhiu phng th nghim. Nhng v thc tin th chitosan vn ang c s dng ngy cng nhiu nhiu nc trn th gii, chnh v th nghin cu s hp ph kim loi nng ln chitosan l cng vic rt c ngha.

HO CHT V DNG C1.Dng c v my mc

Dng c, my mc m chng ti s dng gm c:

-My o pH oakton ca Nht

-My quang ph hp th nguyn t SP9/800 Philip ca H Lan

-Cn phn tch ca phng th ngim phn tch

-My ct nc 2 ln ca b mn phn tch

-Bm lc ht chn khng

-Cc ct nha (ct chit pha rn ) ca Nht

-Pipet cc loi: 0.1ml; 1ml; 2ml; 5ml; 10ml

-Buret loi 25 ml

-Bnh tam gic dung tch 250ml

-Cc thu tinh chu nhit: 50ml; 100ml; 250ml; 500ml v 1000ml

-Bnh nh mc : 10ml; 25ml; 50ml; 100ml; 1000ml

2.Ho cht s dng

2.1 Dung dch chun Cu(II); Pb(II); Cd(II) 1000ppm

+> Dung dch Cu(II) 1000ppm

Cn chnh xc 0.3929g mui Cu(NO3)2.5H2O vo mt cc cn chu nhit sch, kh. Chuyn lng cn vo bnh nh mc 100ml, sau ho tan bng 10 ml HNO310%, lc cho tan, ri nh mc thnh 100 bi nc ct 2 ln.

+> Dung dch Pb(II) 1000ppm

Cn 0.1598g mui Pb(NO3)2, ho tan trong bnh nh mc 100ml bng 20ml HNO310%, sau dng nc ct 2 ln nh mc n vch

+> Dung dch Cd(II) 1000ppm

Cn chnh xc 0.1142 g mui CdCl2.2 H2O ho tan trong 10ml HCl 10%, nh mc thnh 100ml bng nc ct hai ln

Cc dung dch chun trn, sau khi pha chng ti tin hnh chun li nng theo phng php chun complexon:

Chun Cu(II): bng EDTA pH=8, ch th murexit

Chun Pb(II): bng php chun ngc EDTA, ch th ETOO

Chun Cd(II): bng chun trc tip bi EDTA, pH=10, ch th ETOO

Cc dung dch phc v o ph

- Dung dch HCl 10%

cn chnh xc 27.8g axit HCl 36% bng cc cn sch sau thm 72.2 g nc ct hai ln

- Dung dch NH4Ac 10%; NH4Na 10%; NH4Cl 10%:

Cn mi mui vi khi lng tng ng 10g, sau ho tan chng bi 90g nc ct hai ln(tng ng vi 90 ml) ta s thu c dung dch mong mun.

- Dung dch cc ion nh hng: Ni(II); Mn(II); Al(III); Fe(III); K(+); . c pha thnh cc nng khc nhau vi cc mui ca chng. Khi s dng chng ti pha long cc dung dch ny theo yu cu kho st.

Dung dch phc v phn hp ph:

- Dung dch NaOH 2M:

Cn 8g NaOH trn cn k thut, ho tan trong bnh nh mc 100ml. Sau nh mc n vch bng nc ct hai ln

-Dung dch NH3 1M:

dng pipet ly 0.8 ml dung dch NH3 c(25%) pha, nh mc trong bnh 100ml

-Dung dch NH4Cl 1M:

Cn 5.35g mui NH4Cl chuyn hon ton vo bnh nh mc 100ml. Ho tan v nh mc bng nc ct hai ln

-Dung dch m amoni :

Trn hai th tch bng nhau ca hai dung dch : NH3 1M v NH4Cl 1M chng ti thu c dung dch m mong mun. Dng my o pH kim tra li.

- Dung dch EDTA 0.1 M trong m amoni:

Cn chnh xc 3.7224g EDTA, dng m amoin trn ho tan v nh mc trong bnh 100 ml.

KT QU V THO LUNI iu kin ti u ca php o FAAS

1.Kho st cc iu kin o ph

m bo cho php o t hiu qu nht th phi chn c nhng thng s ti u cho n. Di y chng ti tin hnh chn v kho st cc iu kin v bt k php o ph FAAS no cng phi thc hin

1.1 Chn vch o

Nh bit, qu trnh sinh ph AAS l do nhng nguyn t trng thi hi b kch thch bi ngun sng pht tia pht x. Cc nguyn t c kh nng hp th bc x c bc sng nht nh ng ng vi cc tia m n pht ra.

Tuy nhin qu trnh hp th ny khng xy ra vi tt c cc vch ph m ch vi vch ph nhy, c trng.

Theo tc gi [38] th vch c trng ca Cu, Pb, Cd nh sau:

CuPbCd

((nm) nhy(ppm)((nm) nhy(ppm)((nm) nhy(ppm)

324.80.025217.00.08228.80.03

327.400.05283.30.2326.9

217.90.1216.43.2

222.60.5368.48.0

V i tng phn tch ca chng ti nng vi lng nn cn o nhng vch c nhy cao. Cho nn chn

Nguyn t((nm)

Cu324.8

Pb217.0

Cd228.8

1.2 Khe o

Khe o nh hng trc tip n chiu cao pic ca nguyn t phn tch. Vi cc nguyn t Cu, Pb, Cd chng ti chn khe o l 0.5nm.Vi khe o ny th tn hiu pic nhy, n nh cao, 100% din tch pic ca vch ph s nm trong khe o.1.3 Cng n catt rng (HCL)

n catt rng c nhim v ch pht ra nhng tia pht x nhy ca nguyn t phn tch. Cng dng in lm vic ca n HCL c lin quan cht ch n vic sinh ra chm pht x v phi c t sao cho nhy cng nh n nh cao. Thng thng cng n HCL s dng nm trong khong 60(85% cng cc i(Imax).Khng nn dng Imax v n lm vic khng n nh, d hng, nhy, lp li km.

V nhng l do trn nn chng ti chn cng dng n lm vic ch bng 80% Imax:

*vi Cu ( I max=12mA) nn chn cng n 10mA

*vi Pb ( I max= 15mA) nn chn cng n 12mA

*vi Cd ( I max= 12mA) nn chn cng n 10mA

1.4 Cc iu kin ghi ph

Tn hiu ca php o di dng pic nn hnh dng pic ph thuc rt nhiu vo cc iu kin ghi ph. Cc iu kin l:*Th ghi: thng cc nguyn t phn tch m c nhy cao th ngi ta phi tng th ca my ghi m bo thang ghi. Cn nhng nguyn t no nhy km th chn th ghi thp hn :

+> vi Cd c nhy cao nn chn th ghi 20mV

+> vi Cu, Pb chn th ghi 10mV

*Tc giy: thng thng chn tc 30mm/ph

*Thi gian ghi ph: chn thi gian l 5s

Kho st cc iu kin nguyn t ho

1.4 Chiu cao n nguyn t ho

kho st chiu cao n NTH, chng ti lm nh sau:

Pha vo cc bnh 50 ml sao cho nng Cu, Pb, Cd tng ng l 1, 2 , 1ppm. Thm nn HCl, CH3COONH4 . Sau thay i chiu cao n NTH , ghi chiu cao pic thu c kt qu:

Nguyn tChiu cao n NTH ( mm)

234567

H-pic

Pb

( cm)Ln 10.50.650.60.60.650.6

Ln 20.550.60.550.650.650.7

Ln 30.50.60.60.60.650.7

TB0.520.620.580.620.650.67

CuLn 10.850.90.90.90.951.0

Ln 20.80.90.90.850.950.9

Ln 30.850.850.90.90.950.95

TB0.830.880.90.880.950.95

CdLn 11.31.41.51.51.61.6

Ln 21.31.41.551.51.51.65

Ln 31.351.451.51.51.61.6

TB1.321.421.521.51.571.62

Bng 1: nh hng ca chiu cao n NTH

Theo kt qu trn thy, ti chiu cao n tng ng 6mm vi Pb; 6mm vi Cu; 5mm vi Cd th pic thu c cao, n nh v lp li tt nn chng ti chn cc gi tr .

2.2 Kho st thnh phn kh chy

Thnh phn v tc ca hn hp kh t to ra ngn la l yu t quyt nh n cng on NTH mu, nh hng trc tip n kt qu ca php o. Mun t kt qu chnh xc th phi kho st thnh phn kh nhm chn c nhit ngn la ph hp.

Trong php o FAAS ny, hn hp kh c s dng l: khng kh + axetilen trong thnh phn ca khng kh c gi c nh (4.75l/p). V th xem vi t l hn hp kh no tt nht cho php o th chng ti ch thay i tc ca kh chy(C2H2) thng qua s ch chiu cao folowmeter:- Chun b dung dch ging phn trn, thay i chiu cao ca folowmeter. ng thi ghi li pic thu kt qu:

Nguyn tChiu cao folowmeter( mm)

182021222324

H-pic

Pb

( cm)Ln 10.70.60.60.60.650.7

Ln 20.70.60.70.60.60.7

Ln 30.750.70.70.60.60.75

TB0.720.630.670.60.620.72

CuLn 10.950.90.950.950.950.9

Ln 20.951.01.00.950.90.9

Ln 31.01.00.90.950.90.85

TB0.930.970.950.950.88

CdLn 11.751.71.61.651.551.5

Ln 21.801.71.61.651.551.5

Ln 31.751.71.651.61.61.55

TB1.771.71.621.631.571.52

Bng 2: nh hng thnh phn kh chy

Kt qu trn cho thy:

*t l kh chy ( C2H2 ) vi Pb l 22mm(tng ng 1.12 l/ph)

vi Cu l 22mm(tng ng 1.12 l/ph)

vi Cd l 20mm(tng ng 0.93 l/ph)

th cho pic n nh nht nn chn tc kh chy ny.

3. Cc yu t nh hng n php o[18]

Trong php o ph AAS, c rt nhiu yu t nh hng. Nhng c bit nht vn l cc yu t ho hc, chng rt phc tp v c th dn n nhng hng nh sau:

-Lm gim cng vch ph ca nguyn t phn tch do to hp cht bn nhit, kh ho hi v kh nguyn t ho.

-Lm tng cng vch ph do to cc hp cht d ho hi v d nguyn t ho hay do hn ch nh hng ca s ion ho v s kch thch ph pht x ca nguyn t phn tch.

-Tng cng vch ph khi nguyn t phn tch tn ti trong nn ca mu l nhng hp cht d ho hi. Khi cc cht nn ny nh mt cht mang cho s ho hi nguyn t phn tch, lm n ho hi vi hiu sut cao.

-Gim cng vch ph khi nguyn t phn tch trong nn ca mu l nhng hp cht bn nhit, kh ho hi. Lc ny cc nguyn t nn km hm s ho hi cc nguyn t phn tch.

Chnh vi nhng tc dng trn m vic kho st nghin cu nh hng ho hc n php o l rt cn thit.

3.1 nh hng ca thnh phn nn

Nn ca mu trong FAAS thng lm gim cng vch ph ca nguyn t phn tch do tn ti hp cht bn nhit trong mi trng hp th, gy kh khn cho qu trnh ho hi v nguyn t ho. loi tr chng th ngi ta thng a vo mu cht ph gia ph hp nhm ngn cn s hnh thnh hp cht bn nhit.

Trn c s , chng ti tin hnh kho st vi mt s nn nh: NH4Cl; CH3COONa; CH3COONH4 v chng d ho hi v c kh nng loi b hp cht bn nhit. Nng Cu, Pb, Cd trong cc th nghim kho st tng ng l 1; 4; 1 ppm, cn nng cc nn ph gia c thm tng dn. Kt qu c ch ra nh sau:

3.1.1 Nn NH4Cl

Nguyn tNng nn NH4Cl (%)

012345

H-pic

Pb

( cm)Ln 11.101.101.101.051.051.00

Ln 21.101.201.151.151.051.00

Ln 31.101.151.151.151.101.05

TB1.101.151.131.121.071.02

CuLn 10.950.950.901.00.950.90

Ln 20.951.00.901.00.900.90

Ln 30.951.00.901.050.950.95

TB0.950.980.901.030.930.92

CdLn 11.451.601.601.551.551.55

Ln 21.501.551.501.551.501.60

Ln 31.451.601.501.601.501.55

TB1.451.581.531.571.521.57

Bng 3: nh hng ca Nn NH4Cl

3.1.2 Nn CH3COONa

Nguyn tNng nn CH3COONa (%)

012345

H-pic

Pb

( cm)Ln 11.101.101.201.151.201.30

Ln 21.101.101.251.201.301.35

Ln 31.101.151.251.201.251.40

TB1.101.051.231.181.251.35

CuLn 10.950.951.001.050.951.00

Ln 20.950.901.001.100.951.00

Ln 30.950.901.001.050.900.95

TB0.950.921.001.070.930.98

CdLn 11.401.501.601.701.551.60

Ln 21.451.601.551.701.601.60

Ln 31.401.501.551.601.551.55

TB1.421.531.571.671.571.58

Bng 4: nh hng ca nn CH3COONa

3.1.3 Nn CH3COONH4Nguyn tNng nn CH3COONH4 (%)

012345

H-pic

Pb

( cm)Ln 11.101.151.201.151.251.15

Ln 21.101.201.201.201.201.20

Ln 31.101.151.201.151.151.20

TB1.101.171.201.121.201.18

CuLn 10.951.000.901.000.951.00

Ln 20.951.000.900.900.900.90

Ln 30.951.000.851.000.900.95

TB0.951.000.880.970.920.95

CdLn 11.451.501.551.501.451.50

Ln 21.451.501.551.501.401.50

Ln 31.501.451.551.401.401.50

TB1.421.481.551.471.421.50

Bng 5: nh hng ca nn CH3COONH4T cc s liu trn chng ti nhn thy: khi c mt cc cht nn th hu nh pic thu c cao hn khi khng c cht nn. Tuy nhin vi nn CH3COONH4 th cho pic cao hn v ti nng CH3COONH4 l:

2% i vi Pb

2% i vi Cd

1% i vi Cu

th pic n nh nht nn chng ti chn nng nn ny.

3.2 nh hng ca cc loi axit trong dung dch mu

Nng cng nh loi axit trong dung dch mu lun nh hng n cng vch ph ca nguyn t phn tch. Axit cng kh bay hi th cng lm gim cng vch ph v c th to thnh nhng cht bn nhit vi nguyn t c mt trong mu, cn cc axit d bay hi nh hng khng ng k v i khi lm tng cng vch ph. Chnh v th m trong qu trnh x l mu, ngi ta thng dng axit d bay hi nh: HCl; HNO3.. Do vy chng ti kho st nh hng ca nng mt s axit n php o vi nng Cu; Pb; Cd tng ng: 1; 4; 1 ppm. Kt qu c biu din bng 6

Nguyn tNng HCl (%)

012345

H-pic

Pb

( cm)Ln 10.500.700.600.600.550.55

Ln 20.500.700.600.650.600.60

Ln 30.500.700.650.650.600.55

TB0.500.700.620.630.580.57

CuLn 10.751.100.900.900.950.90

Ln 20.751.100.900.900.950.90

Ln 30.751.100.850.900.900.95

TB0.751.100.880.900.930.92

CdLn 11.301.701.501.451.501.45

Ln 21.301.701.501.451.401.40

Ln 31.301.651.451.351.501.40

TB1.301.681.481.421.471.43

Nguyn tNng HNO3 (%)

012345

H-pic

Pb

( cm)Ln 10.500.600.700.700.600.60

Ln 20.500.700.700.650.600.60

Ln 30.500.700.750.650.700.65

TB0.500.670.720.670.630.62

CuLn 10.751.201.001.051.001.00

Ln 20.751.151.001.050.951.00

Ln 30.751.201.001.051.001.10

TB0.751.181.001.050.981.03

CdLn 11.301.701.501.501.551.50

Ln 21.301.601.501.601.501.50

Ln 31.301.601.501.601.501.45

TB1.301.631.501.571.521.48

Nguyn tNng CH3COOH (%)

012345

H-pic

Pb

( cm)Ln 10.500.650.600.650.650.60

Ln 20.500.650.600.650.550.50

Ln 30.500.700.600.600.600.60

TB0.500.670.600.630.600.57

CuLn 10.751.001.000.950.950.90

Ln 20.751.001.001.001.000.95

Ln 30.751.000.900.950.900.95

TB0.751.000.970.970.950.93

CdLn 11.301.601.551.601.451.45

Ln 21.301.601.501.551.451.40

Ln 31.301.551.501.551.501.40

TB1.301.581.521.571.471.42

Bng 6: nh hng cc loi axit

Nhn vo bng s liu chng ti thy, ti nng axit l 1% th chiu cao pic thu c hn hn so vi cc nng khc. Trong vi axit HCl th pic cao nht, n nh nht. V vy chn axit HCl 1% lm nn

3.3 nh hng ca cc ion khcTrong mu phn tch, ngoi cc ion cn quan tm (Cu; Pb; Cd ) th cn c rt nhiu ion khc. Cc ion ny c th nh hng hoc khng n php o. Tuy nhin bit mt cch chnh xc th chng ti tin hnh kho st chng.

3.3.1 nh hng ca cation

kho st nh hng ca cation, chng ti tin hnh kho st theo tng nhm nguyn t nh sau:

-Nhm kim loi kim

-Nhm kim loi kim th-Nhm kim loi nng II; III-Sau l tng cation(Cng o vi cc bnh nh mc sao cho nng Cu; Pb; Cd tng ng 1;4;1 ppm)

3.3.1.1 nh hng nhm kim loi kim:

Mu s123456

Na+(ppm)050100200400500

K+ (ppm)02004006008001000

Li+ (ppm)0510203050

H-pic

Pb

( cm)Ln 11.301.301.251.401.401.35

Ln 21.301.301.301.301.301.30

Ln 31.251.201.301.351.301.30

TB1.281.271.281.351.331.32

CuLn 11.101.101.101.101.101.00

Ln 21.101.051.101.101.101.00

Ln 31.101.051.101.051.101.00

TB1.101.071.101.081.101.00

CdLn 11.651.601.601.701.601.60

Ln 21.601.601.601.651.601.50

Ln 31.601.601.651.651.601.50

TB1.621.601.621.671.601.53

Bng 7: nh hng ca nhm kim loi kim

3.3.1.2 nh hng nhm kim koi kim th

Mu s123456

Mg2+(ppm)03050100150200

Ca2+ (ppm)03050100150200

Ba2+(ppm)01020304050

H-pic

Pb

( cm)Ln 11.251.301.301.201.301.25

Ln 21.301.251.301.301.301.25

Ln 31.301.351.201.351.301.30

TB1.281.301.271.281.301.27

CuLn 11.001.001.001.101.001.00

Ln 21.051.001.001.101.050.95

Ln 31.051.001.051.051.000.95

TB1.031.001.021.081.020.97

CdLn 11.601.651.601.701.551.55

Ln 21.601.651.551.751.601.50

Ln 31.551.601.601.701.551.55

TB1.581.631.581.721.571.53

Bng 8: nh hng ca nhm kim loi kim th

3.3.1.3 nh hng kim loi nng nhm II

Mu s123456

Mn2+ (ppm)015101520

Ni2+ (ppm)015101520

Fe2+ (ppm)015101520

Zn2+ ( ppm )015101520

H-pic

Pb

( cm)Ln 11.301.301.201.251.201.25

Ln 21.301.201.201.251.201.30

Ln 31.251.301.301.301.301.30

TB1.281.271.231.271.231.28

CuLn 11.101.051.001.101.051.05

Ln 21.101.051.001.101.051.05

Ln 31.051.051.001.101.101.05

TB1.081.051.001.101.071.05

CdLn 11.601.601.601.601.551.60

Ln 21.601.601.601.551.601.60

Ln 31.601.601.601.601.551.60

TB1.601.601.601.581.57

Bng 9: nh hng kim loi nng nhm II

3.3.1.4 nh hng kim loi nng nhm IIIMu s123456

Al3+(ppm)01020304050

Fe3+ (ppm)01020304050

Cr3+ (ppm)01020304050

H-pic

Pb

( cm)Ln 11.301.201.301.201.301.25

Ln 21.251.201.251.201.301.25

Ln 31.251.301.201.301.301.30

TB1.271.231.251.231.301.27

CuLn 11.101.101.001.101.101.10

Ln 21.101.101.001.101.101.10

Ln 31.101.101.051.101.101.05

TB1.101.101.021.101.101.08

CdLn 11.601.601.601.601.601.60

Ln 21.601.551.601.551.601.55

Ln 31.601.551.551.551.601.60

TB1.601.571.581.571.601.58

Bng 10: nh hng ca kim loi nng nhm III

T s liu cc bng trn, chng ti thy cc nhm ion kim loi (vi nng kho st) u khng nh hng n php xc nh Cu, Pb, Cd.

3.3.1.5 nh hng ca tng cation

Theo kho st trn, tng nhm cation khng nh hng n php o. Tuy nhin khi c mt tng cc cation ny th s nh th no. V th chng ti tin hnh kho st tng cation n php xc nh. Cc th nghim vi nng Cu; Pb; Cd nh trn. Kt qu:

Mu s123456

Na+ (ppm)050100200400500

K+ (ppm)02004006008001000

Li+ (ppm)0510203050

Mg2+(ppm)03050100150200

Ca2+(ppm)03050100150200

Ba2+(ppm)01020304050

Fe2+(ppm)01020304050

Zn2+(ppm)01020304050

Mn2+(ppm)01020304050

Ni2+(ppm)01020304050

Al3+(ppm)01020304050

Cr3+(ppm)01020304050

Fe3+(ppm)01020304050

H-pic

Pb

( cm)Ln 11.301.251.201.301.301.30

Ln 21.251.251.201.301.201.30

Ln 31.251.201.251.201.251.25

TB1.271.231.221.271.251.28

CuLn 11.001.001.001.001.101.10

Ln 21.001.051.001.101.051.10

Ln 31.051.051.001.051.051.05

TB1.021.031.001.051.071.08

CdLn 11.551.501.601.601.601.50

Ln 21.551.501.601.501.601.55

Ln 31.551.551.551.601.601.55

TB1.551.521.581.571.601.53

Bng 11: nh hng ca tng cation

Nhn thy khi c mt tng cc cation th cng khng nh hng ti php o.

3.3.2nh hng ca anion

Trong nc ngoi cc cation ra th cn c cc anion tan . Hn na trn chng ti li dng HCl 1% lm nn nn thc t cc anion c mt trong php o vi lng kh ln. Tu tng hm lng v tng i tng mu m chng c hay khng gy nh hng.

Phn thc nghim ny chng ti khng kho st nh hng ca Cl- v NO3- v phn trc kho st nng ca axit HCl; HNO3 ti 5% . y chng ti ch tin hnh kho st nhng ion: SO42-; H2PO4-. Mu th nghim pha vi nng Cu l 1ppm, Pb l 4 ppm, Cd l 1 ppm trong nn HCl 1% + CH3COONH4 2%. o v ghi chiu cao pic c s liu sau:

Mu s123456

SO42- (ppm)050100150200300

H-pic

Pb

( cm)Ln 11.201.201.201.201.151.20

Ln 21.201.201.201.201.151.20

Ln 31.251.201.201.201.201.20

TB1.221.201.201.201.171.20

CuLn 11.051.001.001.051.001.00

Ln 21.051.050.951.051.001.00

Ln 31.051.000.951.051.051.00

TB1.051.020.971.051.021.00

CdLn 11.601.601.601.601.601.60

Ln 21.601.551.601.601.601.60

Ln 31.601.551.551.701.651.60

TB1.601.571.581.631.621.60

Bng 12: nh hng ca ion SO42Mu s 123456

H2PO42-050100150200300

H-pic

Pb

( cm)Ln 11.251.201.201.201.201.30

Ln 21.301.201.201.201.201.20

Ln 31.251.251.201.251.201.20

TB1.271.221.201.221.201.23

CuLn 11.000.950.950.900.950.95

Ln 21.000.950.950.901.001.00

Ln 30.950.900.950.900.951.00

TB0.980.930.950.900.970.98

CdLn 11.551.551.601.601.601.60

Ln 21.551.551.501.601.601.55

Ln 31.601.551.501.601.551.55

TB1.571.551.531.601.581.57

Bng 13: nh hng ion H2PO42Mu s123456

SO42- (ppm)050100150200300

H2PO42-(ppm)050100150200300

H-pic

Pb

( cm)Ln 11.201.251.251.251.301.30

Ln 21.251.201.251.301.201.25

Ln 31.201.301.301.301.201.25

TB1.221.251.271.281.231.27

CuLn 11.000.950.950.901.001.00

Ln 21.000.950.951.000.951.00

Ln 31.001.000.951.000.950.95

TB1.000.970.950.970.970.98

CdLn 11.551.601.601.551.501.50

Ln 21.601.601.551.551.501.50

Ln 31.551.601.601.551.601.50

TB1.571.601.581.551.531.50

Bng 14: nh hng ca tng anion

Nh vy, vi kt qu trn th cc anion H2PO42; SO42- tng ng vi nng trn khng nh hng n cng vch ph ca ba nguyn t.

3.3.3nh hng tng cation v anion

Nhm nh gi mt cch tng qut, chng ti tin hnh kho st nh hng ca tng cc ion n chiu cao vch ph ca Cu; Pb; Cd(cc mu vn c pha vi nng v nn nh cc th nghim trn)

Mu s123456

Na+ (ppm)050100200400500

K+ (ppm)02004006008001000

Li+ (ppm)0510203050

Mg2+(ppm)03050100150200

Ca2+(ppm)03050100150200

Ba2+(ppm)01020304050

Fe2+(ppm)01020304050

Zn2+(ppm)01020304050

Mn2+(ppm)01020304050

Ni2+(ppm)01020304050

Al3+(ppm)01020304050

Cr3+(ppm)01020304050

Fe3+(ppm)01020304050

SO42- (ppm)050100150200300

H2PO42-(ppm)050100150200300

H-pic

Pb

( cm)Ln 11.301.301.301.301.301.35

Ln 21.301.301.201.301.301.35

Ln 31.251.201.251.251.301.30

TB1.281.271.281.281.301.33

CuLn 11.001.001.001.001.001.00

Ln 21.001.001.001.001.001.05

Ln 31.001.000.950.951.051.05

TB1.001.000.980.981.021.03

CdLn 11.551.551.551.551.501.50

Ln 21.551.501.601.601.601.50

Ln 31.501.501.601.601.601.55

TB1.531.521.581.581.571.52

Bng 15: nh hng ca tng ion

Kt qu trn chng t rng cc ion trong vng nng kho st khng nh hng n php xc nh Cu; Pb; Cd. Hn na, trong mu thc th hm lng ca cc ion trn nh hn hm lng m chng ti kho st rt nhiu nn c th khng nh chc chn rng chng khng nh hng. y l mt u im ni bt ca php o so vi cc phng php khc.

Qua phn thc nghim trn chng ti c th tng kt cc iu kin ti u o ph ca Cu; Pb; Cd nh sau:

iu kinNguyn t

CuPbCd

Vch o (nm)324.8217.0228.8

Khe o (mm)0.50.50.5

Cng n HCL(mA)101210

Chiu cao n NTH(mm)665

Tc giy(mm/ph)303030

Th ghi (mV)101020

Thi gian ghi ph (s)555

Thnh phn khKhng kh (l/ph)4.754.754.75

Axetilen(l/ph)1.121.120.93

Tc dn mu (ml/ph)555

Thnh phn nnHCl (%)111

NH4Ac(%)212

Bng 16: tng kt cc iu kin o ph

4 nh gi chung v php o FAAS

4.1 Khong tuyn tnh ca Cu, Pb, Cd

xc nh khong tuyn tnh ca 3 nguyn t trn chng ti pha cc dy mu chun ca tng nguyn t (trong nn HCl; NH4Ac) sao cho nng tng dn. Sau o, ghi li chiu cao pic (mi nng o 3 ln v ly kt qu trung bnh ) thu c kt qu:

4.1.1 Khong tuyn tnh ca Pb

CPb(ppm)0.5135678910

Hpic(cm)0.200.330.901.451.752.002.252.502.60

Bng 17: khong tuyn tnh ca Pb

hnh 1: khong tuyn tnh ca Pb

Hnh v trn cho thy khong tuyn tnh ca Pb nm trong on t 0.5(9 ppm. V th trong tt c cc th nghim phi pha, iu chnh sao cho nng Pb nm trong khong tuyn tnh .

4.1.2 Khong tuyn tnh ca Cu

CCu(ppm)0.10.51.02.03.04.04.55.0

Hpic (cm)0.100.400.801.602.453.303.704.00

Bng 18: khong tuyn tnh ca Cu

hnh 2: khong tuyn tnh ca Cu

Vy khong tuyn tnh ca Cu l 0.1(4.5 ppm

4.1.3 Khong tuyn tnh ca CdCCd(ppm)0.10.20.511.82.02.5

Hpic(cm)0.200.350.801.552.703.003.50

Bng 19: khong tuyn tnh ca Cd

hnh 3: khong tuyn tnh ca CdKhong tun theo quy lut tuyn tnh l 0.1(2.0 ppm

4.2 Lp phng trnh ng chun ca Cu; Pb; Cd

lp phng trnh ng chun cho tng nguyn t chng ti da vo chiu cao pic thu c ng vi nhng nng pha trong dy mu chun ( s liu phn 4.1). Sau thc hin cc php ton thng k v hi quy tm ra cc thng s.

Phng trnh ng chun :

Y = (b ( ( b) x + (a ( ( a)

Trong :

b ; a: l h s tng quan hi quy

( a = t(n-1, P)*Sa ( b = t(n-1,P)*Sb

t : chun student, vi P = 0.95

Sa; Sb l sai chun ca a v b

Vy chng ti c bng kt qu sau:

Nguyn tbaSaSbt( a( b

Cu0.8288-0.03040.01430.00492.450.03510.0121

Pb0.27230.08020.02210.00362.360.05230.0085

Cd1.46770.06550.00980.00752.570.02520.0193

Bng 20: bng ng chun ca Cu, Pb, Cd

Phng trnh ng chun l:

+> ca Cu : y = ( 0.8288 ( 0.0121)x + ( -0.0304 ( 0.0351)

+> ca Pb : y = ( 0.2723 ( 0.0085)x + ( 0.0802 ( 0.0523)

+> ca Cd : y = ( 1.4677 ( 0.0193)x + ( 0.0655 ( 0.0252)

4.3 Gii hn pht hin , gii hn nh lng ca Cu, Pb, Cd

Theo l thuyt thng k th :

-Gii hn pht hin (LOD) ca mt nguyn t l nng thp nht ca nguyn t m h thng phn tch cn cho tn hiu khc c ngha vi tn hiu mu trng hay ca nn

-Gii hn nh lng (LOQ) l nng cht phn tch ng vi tn hiu phn tch.

Cng thc tnh LOD v LOQ nh sau:

Kt qu:

SyLOD(ppm)LOQ(ppm)

Cu0.01780.0640.215

Pb0.02490.2740.914

Cd0.01180.0240.081

Bng 21: gii hn pht hin v nh lng ca ca Cu, Pb, Cd

4.4 Sai s v lp li ca php o

4.4.1 Sai s ca php o FAAS trong xc nh Cu, Pb, Cd

nh gi sai s ca php o i vi Cu, Pb, Cd chng ti tin hnh pha 3 mu chun ca 3 nguyn t nm trong ng chun. Sau o ph ca chng, mi mu o lp li 10 ln v tnh sai s ca mi ln o theo cng thc:

Trong :

X: sai s phn trm tng i

H1: gi tr chiu cao pic o c

H2: gi tr chiu cao pic tnh theo ng chun

Kt qu nh sau:

Nguyn tCuPbCd

Nng (ppm)2.05.01.0

H2(cm)1.631.441.53

Ln oH1X(%)H1X(%)H1X(%)

11.651.231.450.691.551.3

21.651.231.450.691.551.3

31.601.841.450.691.551.3

41.554.91.402.781.501.96

51.601.841.402.781.551.3

61.601.841.450.691.501.96

71.601.841.402.781.604.58

81.651.231.450.691.551.3

91.651.231.402.781.551.3

101.601.841.450.691.501.96

TB1.621.91.431.521.541.8

Bng 22: sai s ca php o i vi Cu,Pb, Cd

Cc kt qu bng trn cho thy: sai s ca php o i vi 3 nguyn t tng i nh v u thp hn mc sai s cho php ca php o xc nh cht lng vt (15%).

4.4.2 lp li ca php o

nh gi lp li ca php o, chng ti thc hin bng cch: o lp li mt mu ca mi nguyn t ( Cu, Pb, Cd) nhiu ln ( khong 10 ln). Sau tnh ton cc gi tr phng sai mu(S2) v h s bin ng (CV%) theo cng thc:

Trong :

Hi: chiu cao pic o c (cm)

Htb: chiu cao trung bnh ca n ln o

n : s ln o

S : lch chun ca mu , v

Sau khi tin hnh x l thng k chng ti c bng sau:

Nguyn tPhng sai(S2) lch chun(S)CV(%)

Cu0.00110.03332.07

Pb0.00070.02631.84

Cd0.00110.03332.1

Bng 23: lp li ca php o

Nh vy chng ta thy rng phng sai (hay lch chun) v h s bin thin (CV) ca mu kh nh, iu ny chng t lp li ca php o tt.

Tm li, thng qua cc bc nh gi chung (khong tuyn tnh, lp li, sai s..) chng ti nhn thy phng php ph FAAS l phng php phn tch n nh,lp li tt ng thi c chnh xc cao hon ton ph hp cho vic xc nh vi lng Cu; Pb; Cd trong nc.

II. Kho st cc iu kin tch, lm giu Cu, Pb, Cd ln chitosan

K thut tch, lm giu Cu, Pb, Cd ln chitosan c th thc hin hai iu kin:iu kin tnh hoc iu kin ng tu tng yu cu c th. kho st cc iu kin ti u hp ph ca chitosan th chng ti tin hnh nghin cu trong iu kin tnh (lc dung dch phn tch vi mt lng chitosan trong cc bnh nn ). Kh nng hp ph s c nh gi qua thng s q gi l dung lng hp ph (mg/g):

Vi :

q: lng cht b hp ph trn khi lng cht hp ph (mg/g)

C0: nng ban u ca cht phn tch (mg/l)

C: nng cht phn tch khi t cn bng hp ph(mg/l)

a: lng cht hp ph (g)

q cng ln th kh nng hp ph ion kim loi trn chitosan cng tt.1. Kho st nh hng ca pH n kh nng hp ph ca chitosan

pH l mt trong nhng yu t rt quan trng n nh hng mnh n kh nng hp ph ca chitosan.

kho st pH chng ti lm nh sau:

-Cn 18 mu chitosan, mi mu 0.2g cho vo 18 bnh nn

-Pha 50ml cc dung dch Cu(II); Pb(II); Cd(II) vi nng l 100 ppm. Sau chnh pH ca cc dung dch bng OH- v H+-Lc cc mu trong 2h tc 1 trn my lc, sau lc, ra dung dch, thu ly phn dch lc nh mc trong bnh 100ml ri xc nh lng ion cn li nh php o ph FAAS. Kt qu nh sau:

pHCuPbCd

C0(ppm)C(ppm)q(mg/g)C0(ppm)C(ppm)q(mg/g)C0(ppm)C(ppm)q(mg/g)

3.010054.811.310082310044.6613.84

4.01000.424.91009.522.6310050.5512.36

4.5100-251003.524.1310056.4510.89

5.01004.4523.89100224.510047.613.1

5.51000.8524.791001.524.6310053.511.63

6.01001.324.681002.2524.4310024.0219.0

Bng 24: nh hng pH n kh nng hp ph

Hnh 4: nh hng ca pH n kh nng hp ph ca chitosan

T s liu ca bng v hnh v chng ti thy: ti gi tr pH= 4.5 vi Cu, 5.5 vi Pb v 6.0 vi Cd th q ln nht nht tc kh nng hp ph ln chitosan l tt nht nn chn nhng gi tr pH ny cho cc nghin cu v sau.

2. nh hng ca thi gian lc n kh nng hp ph Cu, Pb, Cd ln chitosan

i vi Cu: cn 7 mu chitosan, mi mu 0.2g chitosan cho vo 7 bnh nn. Pha 7 dung dch Cu(II) vi th tch 50ml, nng 100ppm v chnh pH v 4.5 ri lc trn my lc tc 1. C sau mt khong thi gian kho st th ly ra lc, nh mc phn dch lc trong bnh 100ml xc nh lng Cu(II) d.

i vi Pb v Cd lm tng t nh trn nhng pH ca Pb l 5.5; pH ca Cd l 6.0 cc kt qu c ch ra trn bng 25 v hnh 5:

Thi gian(ph)CuPbCd

CoCqCoCqCoCq

2010019.6720.110029.4417.6410034.721632

4010010.9622.2610025.2418.6910033.3316.67

6010011.2322.1910021.0419.7410034.7216.32

9010010.9622.2610016.620.8510033.8816.53

12010010.7922.3010014.0421.4910034.7216.53

15010010.9622.2610014.0421.4910034.716.33

18010010.9022.2810014.1221.4710034.7216.53

Bng 25: nh hng thi gian lc n kh nng hp phu

Hnh 5: nh hng ca thi gian lc n kh nng hp ph ca chitosan

Nhn xt: t cc s liu trn chng ti thy rng dung lng hp ph q ca chitosan ph thuc vo thi gian v vo tng kim loi hp ph. Nhn chung thi gian t cn bng hp ph ca Cd v Cu tng i nhanh (ch sau 20 v 40 pht ) trong khi thi gian t cn bng ca Pb li lu hn, khong 150 pht.

3.Kho st nh hng ca nng Cu(II); Pb(II) v Cd(II) n kh nng hp ph ca chitosan

3.1 nh hng ca nng Cu(II) n kh nng hp ph ca chitosan

Chun b 6 bnh nn (c nh th t), mi bnh cha 0.2g chitosan. a lng Cu(II) vo sao cho nng thay i t 40(400ppm v pH =4.5 ri lc trong 1h. Sau khi lc xong, lc dung dch v thu dch lc nh mc 100ml ,o ph xc nh lng Cu(II) cn li. Kt qu ch ra nh sau:

C0(ppm)C(ppm)q(mg/g)C/q

40-10-

802.7719.310.143

1005.4923.630.232

16015.8436.040.440

20028.9542.760.677

400106.973.281.459

Bng 26: nh hng ca nng Cu(II)

Hnh 7:s ph thuc kh nng hp ph ca chitosan vo nng Cu(II)

Nhn vo hnh v chng ti thy rng, khi nng Cu(II) tng th kh nng hp ph ca chitosan cng tng ln v n mt gi tr nng no s t bo ho.

Thc cht hnh biu din 7 c bit l ng hp ph ng nhit langmuir. tm c dung lng hp ph cc i ca Cu(II) (tc lng Cu(II) ti a hp ph trn mt lng chitosan ) chng ti tnh ton bng thc nghim nh sau:

Theo phng trnh langmuir

Trong :

q: dung lng hp ph (mg/g)

qmax: dung lng hp ph cc i(mg/g)

b: h s

C: nng cht phn tch khi t cn bng (mg/l)

V ta c:

V th biu din s ph thuc ca C vo C/q th l ng thng:

Hnh 8: xc nh dung lng hp ph cc i ca Cu

Khi , qmax c tnh l : qmax= 1/tg(Vy: qmax ca Cu l 82.65mg trn mt gam chitosan.

3.2 nh hng ca nng Pb(II) n kh nng hp ph ca chitosan

Tin hnh tng t nh phn Cu, nng Pb(II) thay i t 40 1000ppm, pH = 5.5. Lc trong 2h tc 1. Kt qu bng sau:

C0(ppm)C (ppm)q(mg/g)C/q

405.578.610.647

8013.1216.720.785

10019.1524.680.776

20064.9533.761.924

400193.7351.573.757

Bng 27: nh hng ca nng Pb(II)

Hnh 9: s ph thuc kh nng hp ph ca chitosan vo nng Pb

tm qmax ca Pb chng ti cng thc hin nh phn trn :

hnh 10: xc nh dung lng hp ph cc i ca Pb

T tnh c qmax = 59.9 mg/g.

3.3 nh hng cu nng Cd(II) n kh nng hp ph ca chitosan

Lm hon ton tng t ging nh trn, nng Cd(II) a vo t 20 600 ppm, pH dung dch l 6, lc trong 1h.

C0(ppm)C(ppm)q(mg/g)

2013.221.7

4017.115.7

8028.5912.9

16067.923.0

300174.431.9

600472.431.9

Bng 28: nh hng ca nng Cd(II)

Hnh 11: s ph thuc kh nng hp ph ca chitosan vo nng Cd(II)

Vy khi tng nng ca Cd(II) th kh nng hp ph ca chitosan cng tng ln v n mt nng nht nh th kh nng hp ph t bo ho. Dung lng hp ph bo ho ca chitosan i vi Cd l 31.9mg/g

4. Kho st kh nng ra gii Cu(II); Pb(II); Cd(II) bi dung dch EDTA

Ra gii cc ion kim loi Cu; Pb; Cd sau khi tch, lm giu chng ln chitosan l mt cng vic quan trng nhm xc nh, nh gi nng trong mu nc. Cng vic ny cng thun li hn khi chng ti tin hnh theo k thut ng( thut ng ny c gii thch trong phn tng quan).

kho st kh nng ra gii Cu; Pb; Cd khi chitosan, chng ti lm nh sau:

-Trc ht pha dung dch EDTA 0.1M trong m NH4+/NH3-Chun b 3 ct nha SPE trong c cha 0.5g

-Pha cc dung dch: Cu(II) 20ppm; Pb(II) 20 ppm; Cd(II) 20 ppm (th tch 50 ml); pH ln lt l 4.5; 5.5; 6.0

Sau cho 3 dung dch ny chy qua 3 ct SPE trn, chy xong dng nc ct ra ct khong 3 ln. Tin hnh ra gii bng dung dch EDTA 0.1M (pH=9) theo tng phn on, mi phn on 5ml. Thu phn chy ra v nh mc thnh 10 ml, ly ra xc nh lng kim loi bng php o ph FAAS. Kt qu Nguyn tCuPbCd

Lng ban u(mg)111

Phn onLng gii hp(mg)Phn trm gii hp(%H)Lng gii hp(mg)Phn trm gii hp(%H)Lng gii hp(mg)Phn trm gii hp(%H)

0000000

10.832383.230.91591.50.8686

20.10110.10.0838.30.12212.2

30.0323.2000.0131.3

4000000

Bng 29: kh nng gii hp Cu; Pb; Cd bi EDTA

Hnh 12: kh nng gii hp ca EDTA

T cc s liu trn chng ti thy: dng EDTA 0.1M trong pH = 9 ra gii kh tt Cu; Pb; Cd khi chitosan v ch vi phn on u (5 ml) th % ra gii ca chng u kh cao (trn 80%), nn c th thy rng EDTA l mt tc nhn ra gii thch hp

5. Hiu sut thu hi Cu; Pb; Cd

Hiu sut thu hi ca Cu; Pb; Cd chnh l phn trm khi lng tng nguyn t thu c sau khi cho chng hp ph trn chitosan v c ra gii bng EDTA:

Hth(%) = [mgh/mo] x 100

Trong :

mgh: khi lng kim loi gii hp c (mg)

mo : khi lng kim loi ban u (mg)

nh gi v xc nh hiu sut thu hi ca Cu; Pb; Cd chng ti tin hnh nh sau:

-Chun b 6 ct nha, mi ct cha 0.5g chitosan

-Pha 6 dung dch vi th tch 50 ml, mi dung dch cha hn hp 3 nguyn t Cu; Pb; Cd c nng ln lt l: 5; 5; 10 ppm. Sau cho 6 dung dch ny chy qua 6 ct nha trn tc 1.2ml/ph. Sau khi chy xong, tin hnh gii hp cc ct bi 20 ml EDTA 0.1M (pH=9) v nh mc vo bnh 25 ml. o ph xc nh nng ca chng. Kt qu nh sau:

CuPbCd

m0(mg)mgh(mg)%Hthm0(mg)mgh(mg)%Hthm0(mg)mgh(mg)%Hth

0.250.252100.70.250.23192.30.50.4896.1

0.250.251100.30.250.23794.80.50.509101.8

0.250.22991.40.250.23292.40.50.43487.8

0.250.24497.60.250.245980.50.46693.2

0.250.256102.40.250.23895.30.50.71994.4

0.250.24999.80.250.23694.40.50.47695.3

Bng 30: Hiu sut thu hi Cu; Pb; Cd

Nhn xt: qua bng s liu 30, chng ti thy rng hiu sut thu hi Cu; Pb; Cd kh cao, chng t s kt hp gia phng php ph hp th nguyn t vi s tch lm giu chng ln vt liu hp ph chitosan l hng nghin cu kh quan trong phn tch ho hc.

6. H s lm giu Cu; Pb; Cd

Trong nc, thng nng cc ion kim loi rt nh v nm di gii hn pht hin ca php o nn thc t ngi ta phi tch, lm giu chng trn mt vt liu no . Sau khi hp thu kim loi trn vt liu th tin hnh ra gii chng bng mt th tch nht nh ca cht ph hp v th tch ny nh hn th tch mu thc rt nhiu, v vy nng cc kim loi ny ln hn nhiu ln so vi thc t v tu thuc vo h s lm giu mu.

Nhm xc nh h s lm giu Cu; Pb; Cd ln chitosan chng ti x l nh sau:

-Pha 3 mu dung dch Cu(II); Pb(II); Cd(II) (mi dung dch c th tch l 1 lit v nng 1ppm). Chnh pH ca chng tng ng : 4.5 vi Cu; 5.5 vi Pb v 6.0 vi Cd. Tip theo cho 3 dung dch chy qua 3 ct nha cha chitosan (0.5g) vi tc 1.2ml/ph. Ra gii bng EDTA 0.1M (20 ml), thu v nh mc trong bnh 25 ml xc nh nng theo php o FAAS. Kt qu :

Nguyn tV-u(ml)m0(mg)mgh(mg)% thu hiH s lm giu

Cu100010.9619640

Pb100010.97997.940

Cd100010.99399.340

Bng 31: h s lm giu ca Cu; Pb; Cd

Vy qua bng s liu trn thy rng h s lm giu cc kim loi Cu; Pb; Cd l rt cao, c ngha nng ca chng ln gp 40 ln so vi ban u. iu ny c ngha ln i vi thc t phn tch .

_1339484086.xlsChart1

0.143

0.232

0.44

0.677

1.459

Sheet1

2.770.143

5.490.232

15.840.44

28.950.677

106.91.459

Sheet1

Sheet2

Sheet3

_1339484088.xlsChart6

20.117.6416.32

22.2618.6916.67

22.1919.7416.32

22.2620.8516.53

22.321.4916.53

22.2621.4916.33

22.2821.4716.53

Cd

Pb

Cu

Sheet1

2020.117.6416.32

4022.2618.6916.67

6022.1919.7416.32

9022.2620.8516.53

12022.321.4916.53

15022.2621.4916.33

18022.2821.4716.53

Sheet1

000

000

000

000

000

000

000

Cd

Pb

Cu

Sheet2

Sheet3

_1339484089.xlsChart2

11.32313.84

24.922.6312.36

2524.1310.89

23.8924.513.1

24.7924.6311.63

24.6824.4319

Cd

Cu

Pb

pH

q(mg/g)

Sheet1

311.32313.84

424.922.6312.36

4.52524.1310.89

523.8924.513.1

5.524.7924.6311.63

624.6824.4319

Sheet1

000

000

000

000

000

000

Cd

Cu

Pb

pH

q(mg/g)

Sheet2

Sheet3

_1339484087.xlsChart4

10

19.31

23.63

36.04

42.76

73.28

nng Cu cn li

q(mg/g)

Sheet1

010

2.7719.31

5.4923.63

15.8436.04

28.9542.76

106.973.28

Sheet1

nng Cu cn li

q(mg/g)

Sheet2

Sheet3

_1339484084.xlsChart3

0.647

0.785

0.776

1.924

3.757

Sheet1

5.578.61

13.1216.72

19.1524.68

44.828.78

64.9533.76

193.7351.57

566.21108.45

Sheet1

0

0

0

0

0

0

Sheet2

5.570.6475.570.647

13.120.78513.120.785

19.150.77619.150.776

64.951.924

64.951.924193.733.757

193.733.757

Sheet2

0

0

0

0

0

Sheet3

_1339484085.xlsChart1

8.61

16.72

24.68

28.78

33.76

51.57

nng Pb(II) cn li

q(mg/g)

Sheet1

5.578.61

13.1216.72

19.1524.68

44.828.78

64.9533.76

193.7351.57

566.21108.45

Sheet1

0

0

0

0

0

0

Sheet2

Sheet3

_1339484083.xlsChart1

1.7

5.57

12.9

23

31.9

31.9

nng Cd cn li

q(mg/g)

Sheet1

13.221.77.78

24.43.96.26

28.5912.852.22

32.0331.41.001

6.48248.380.134

48.462.90.769

76.33480.920.943

348.25155.952.23

13.221.7

175.57

28.5912.9

6823

174.431.9

472.431.9

Sheet1

0

0

0

0

0

0

Sheet2

Sheet3

_1339484082.xlsChart1

000

83.2391.586

10.18.312.2

3.201.3

000

phn on

%H

Sheet1

0000

183.2391.586

210.18.312.2

33.201.3

4000

Sheet1

000

000

000

000

000

Sheet2

Sheet3