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Chloropicrin fumigation to control fusarium
wilt of burley tobacco in Kentucky
Colin Fisher, Bob Pearce, Jeff Kinney
48th TWC, Myrtle Beach, SC, January 15-18, 2018
University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
2018
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Fusarium Wilt 2018
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• Resilient in soil– chlamydospores
• Control– resistance– nematodes
• Virginia Tech, 2017. Disease and Nematode Management• usually associated with nematode injury in flue-
cured tobacco, but not necessarily in burley• soil fumigation using a product that contains more
than 2% chloropicrin may be required when significant stand loss occurs.
Fusarium oxysporum 2018
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Kentucky Tennessee Tobacco Improvement Initiative (KTTII)
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KT 210Fusarium wilt resistance rating = 5
14% dead/symptoms at harvest
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Objective: Test effectiveness of chloropicrin fumigation on fusarium wilt control
Treatments 2015:Split-split plot with 4 reps of:
Fumigation method (main plots):1. Broadcast2. Bedded
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Objective: test effectiveness of chloropicrin fumigation on fusarium wilt control
Treatments 2015:Split-split plot with 4 reps of:
Fumigation method (main plots):1. Broadcast2. Bedded
Fumigation rate (sub-plot):1. None2. Low – 70 lb./acre3. High – 140 lb./acre
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Objective: test effectiveness of chloropicrin fumigation on fusarium wilt control
Treatments 2015:Split-split plot with 4 reps of:
Fumigation method (main plots):1. Broadcast2. Bedded
Fumigation rate (sub-plot):1. None2. Low – 70 lb./acre3. High – 140 lb./acre
Varieties (resistance level, max = 10) (split plot):1. KT 209 (1)2. KT 210 (5)
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Objective: test effectiveness of chloropicrin fumigation on fusarium wilt control
Treatments 2016:Split plot with 8 reps of:
Fumigation method:1. Broadcast2.
Fumigation rate (sub-plot):1. None2. Low – 70 lb./acre3. High – 140 lb./acre
Varieties (resistance level, max = 10) (split plot):1. KT 209 (1)2. KT 210 (5)
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Border
Harvest
Border
Harvest
Var A Var B
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3540455055606570758085
1-M
ar8-
Mar
15-M
ar22
-Mar
29-M
ar5-
Apr
12-A
pr19
-Apr
26-A
pr3-
May
10-M
ay17
-May
24-M
ay31
-May
7-Ju
n14
-Jun
21-Ju
n
Tem
pera
ture
, o FBare Soil 4"
Daily Max Daily Min
Mean Soil Temperature, 1986 - 2014
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Operation Product 2015 2016Fumigation chloropicrin 11-May 31-MayHerbicide glyphosate 8-JunSet 18-Jun 27-JunHerbicide napropamide 22-Jun 30-JunDisease count 4-Sep 31-AugTopped 4-Sep 12-SepSuckercide FA 4-Sep 12-SepSuckercide FA + DNA 11-Sep 23-SepDisease count 4-Oct 7-OctHarvest 5-Oct 11-Oct
Chronology
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0
5
10
15
20
0 70 140
Fusa
rium
Inci
denc
e, %
Chloropicrin Rate, lb./acre
Method x Rate
Broadcast Bedded
0
5
10
15
0 70 140
Fusa
rium
Inci
denc
e, %
Chloropicrin Rate, lb./acre
Rate
ab
a
b
ab ab
a
NS
2015Disease Incidence, %
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1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
KT 209 KT 210
Yiel
d, lb
./acr
e
Variety
Variety
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
0 70 140
Yiel
d, lb
./acr
e
Chloropicrin Rate
Rate
2015Yield
NS
a
b
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0
20
40
60
80
100
0 70 140
Flow
ers,
%
Chloropicrin Rate
Rate
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
Broadcast Bedded
Flow
ers,
%
Application Method
Method
a
cb
a
b
Flowers at Topping2015
2018
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 70 140
Dis
ease
Inci
denc
e, %
Chloropicrin Rate, lb./acre
Rate x Variety
KT 209 KT 210
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
KT 209 KT 210
Dis
ease
Inci
denc
e, %
Variety
VarietyDisease Incidence
2016
NS a
b
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1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
0 70 140
Yiel
d, lb
./acr
e
Chloropicrin Rate, lb./acre
Rate x Variety
KT 209 KT 210
Yield2016
NS
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1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
KT 209 KT 210Yi
eld,
lb./a
cre
Variety
Variety
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
0 70 140
Yiel
d, lb
./acr
e
Fumigation Rate, lb./acre
Rate
a
bab
a
b
Yield2016
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Rain
, in
Seasonal Cumulative Rainfall
201420152016
28.7
1.8
14.2
KT 210Disease
Incidence
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Chloropicrin fumigation No (or very little - 2015?) effect on incidence of
fusarium wilt• regardless of application method
100 – 200 lb./acre increase in yield• probably unrelated to fusarium control
Marked effect on flowering date (2015)• rate• method
Summary
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Resistance Increase in resistance rating
from 1 (KT 209) to 5 (KT 210) • reduced disease incidence by 20% • increased yield by 250 – 500 lb./acre
Seasonal weather important factor
Summary
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For burley in Kentucky, chloropicrin fumigation of fusarium-infected fields
• does not appreciably decrease disease incidence,if at all
• does give moderate yield increase• probably not directly related to fusarium control
• weather-related timing of fumigation can be problematical
• Therefore, would not recommend chloropicrin fumigation for fusarium wilt control in Kentucky burley
Conclusions
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Financial support: TriEst Ag
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